aldehyden.

Brit.

/ˈaldᵻhʌɪd/, U.S.

/ˈældəˌhaɪd/

Forms:

α. 1800s aldeide.

β. 1800s– aldehyd, 1800s– aldehyde.

Origin: A borrowing from German. Partly also a borrowing from French. Etymons: German Aldehyd; French aldeïde.

Etymology: < German Aldehyd (1835 in sense 1: J. Liebig, in Repertorium für die Pharmacie 53 359; 1839 in sense 2: J. J. Berzelius, in Jahresbericht über die Fortschritte der Chemie 18 483) < al- + dehyd- (both in post-classical Latin alkohol dehydrogenatum ; < alkohol alcohol n. + dehydrogenatum , neuter of dehydrogenatus deprived of hydrogen: see dehydrogenate v.). Originally (in alpha forms) via French †aldeïde (1835). Compare French aldéhyde (1835; < German). With sense 2 compare aldide n.

Chemistry.

1. = acetaldehyde n. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > aldehydes or alkanals > [noun] > acetaldehyde

aldehyde1835

acetaldehyde1864

ethanal1892

1835 Rec. Gen. Sci. 2 155 Liebig has discovered a new substance, which he terms Aldeide, its composition being that of alcohol deprived of its water.

1836 Rec. Gen. Sci. 3 38 The product, according to Liebig, is aldehyde, an inflammable gas, and water, with a slight deposit of charcoal.

1850 C. G. B. Daubeny Introd. Atomic Theory (ed. 2) vii. 193 By the action of oxidizing agents on alcohol..we produce aldehyde.

1895 W. A. Tilden Introd. Study Chem. Philos. (new ed.) xxix. 339 Common aldehyd results from the removal of two atoms of hydrogen from common (ethylic) alcohol.

1919 Vinegar Hand Bk. (Hydraulic Press Manuf. Co.) 13 Other bodies are formed from the alcohol.., one of which is aldehyde.

2007 H. Ziegler Flavourings (ed. 2) v. 454 The formation of acetal is reversible. With an acid pH value ethanol and aldehyde are released.

2. Any of a class of compounds, typified by acetaldehyde (ethanal), which contain the group —CHO, are formed by the partial oxidation of primary alcohols, and can be further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Aldehydes are susceptible to nucleophilic addition and condensation reactions and are important precursors in organic synthesis, esp. in the production of plastics. Many have a characteristic odour, and this has led to their use in perfumes and flavourings.butyl, hexyl, lauric, propionic, toluic aldehyde, etc.: see the first element. See also acetaldehyde n., formaldehyde n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > aldehydes or alkanals > [noun]

lampic acid1819

aldehyde1845

aldide1851

1845 Chem. Gaz. 1 Feb. 56 These properties would tend to range this substance in the class of the aldehydes, from which however it is removed by its composition.

1873 H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 11) 538 Aldehydes..are compounds intermediate between alcohols and acids.

1899 C. F. Townsend Chem. for Photographers (ed. 2) iv. 75 Formaldehyde is not the only aldehyde capable of tanning gelatine.

1918 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 5 512 A volatile aldehyde is produced which diffuses through the air and becomes absorbed by the water.

1960 F. G. Mann & B. C. Saunders Pract. Org. Chem. (ed. 4) ii. 227 Phenylhydrazine condenses readily with aldehydes and ketones to give phenylhydrazones.

1988 V. Bramwell Woman Bk. Beauty & Health v. 82 Aldehydes are synthetic materials which aim to give a smoky type of aroma.

2009 T. Shibamoto & L. Bjeldanes Introd. Food Toxicol. (ed. 2) vi. 135 Most cyanohydrins..decompose spontaneously to the corresponding ketone or aldehyde and hydrogen cyanide.

Compounds

C1.

aldehyde group n.

ΚΠ

1866 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 19 282 The presence of the aldehyde-group COH.

1953 G. E. Fogg Metabolism Algae i. 11 The energy released by the oxidation of the aldehyde group of 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde.

2006 J. M. Hornback Org. Chem. (Internat. Student ed.) xxv. 1097 Oxidation reactions are often used as a test for the presence of an aldehyde group in a carbohydrate.

C2.

aldehyde ammonia n. now rare an organic compound having a hydroxyl and an amino group attached to the same carbon atom; (in earliest use) spec. 1-aminoethanol, CH₃CH(OH)(NH₂), a crystalline solid formed by reaction of acetaldehyde (ethanal) and ammonia.

ΚΠ

1845 Penny Cycl. Suppl. I. 335/2 When [aldehyde is] combined with ammonia, aldehyde-ammonia is formed, which, as already noticed, is a crystalline body.

1907 G. M. Norman Systematic Pract. Org. Chem. i. vi. 24 Dry ammonia is passed into the ether solution, and the aldehyde ammonia which separates is collected on the filter pump.

1955 B. C. L. Kemp Elem. Org. Chem. (new ed.) viii. 103 Formaldehyde differs from the other aldehydes in not forming an aldehyde-ammonia.

1977 J. March Adv. Org. Chem. (ed. 2) xvi. 816 The initial products would be expected to be hemiaminals (also called ‘aldehyde ammonias’)..and/or imines.

aldehyde green n. [after German Aldehydgrün (1866 or earlier); compare French vert d'aldéhyde (1867 or earlier)] now historical a green dye prepared by reacting acetaldehyde (ethanal) with rosaniline followed by treatment with sodium hyposulphite; also called aniline green.

ΚΠ

1869 Index Foreign Sci. Periodicals 1 Oct. 324 M. Reimann.—On the Preparation of Aldehyde Green for Dyeing.

1891 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 5th Ser. 32 400 Of the various preparations of aldehyde green, the purest should be taken, which dissolves easily in amylic alcohol with a colour like that of solutions of nickel salts.

1905 J. C. Cain & J. F. Thorpe Synthetic Dyestuffs xxv. 174 The first green synthetic dyestuff was Aldehyde green, discovered in 1862 by Cherpin; but it was quickly replaced by Iodine green.

2004 C. Weadon & W. Martin in R. A. Charvat Coloring of Plastics (ed. 2) xii. 177 A precipitated form of aldehyde green was made and was used to dye a silk gown for Empress Eugenie.

aldehyde resin n. [originally after German Aldehydharz (J. Liebig 1835, in Ann. der Chemie 14 158)] now rare a resinous substance obtained by heating acetaldehyde (ethanal) with potassium hydroxide.

ΚΠ

1839 J. W. Webster Man. Chem. (ed. 3) 447 Aldehyde resin is produced when potassa is dissolved in alcohol, and most speedily when the access of air is permitted.

1883 P. T. Austen tr. A. Pinner Introd. Study Org. Chem. 86 Aldehyde when treated with potassium hydroxide solution is converted into a yellow resinous mass, aldehyde resin.

1915 A. G. Woodman Food Anal. v. 158 Ordinary alcohol contains an appreciable amount of aldehyde, which in the presence of the potash forms the yellow aldehyde resin and gradually darkens.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	aldehyde
释义	aldehyden. Brit. /ˈaldᵻhʌɪd/, U.S. /ˈældəˌhaɪd/ Forms: α. 1800s aldeide. β. 1800s– aldehyd, 1800s– aldehyde. Origin: A borrowing from German. Partly also a borrowing from French. Etymons: German Aldehyd; French aldeïde. Etymology: < German Aldehyd (1835 in sense 1: J. Liebig, in Repertorium für die Pharmacie 53 359; 1839 in sense 2: J. J. Berzelius, in Jahresbericht über die Fortschritte der Chemie 18 483) < al- + dehyd- (both in post-classical Latin alkohol dehydrogenatum ; < alkohol alcohol n. + dehydrogenatum , neuter of dehydrogenatus deprived of hydrogen: see dehydrogenate v.). Originally (in alpha forms) via French †aldeïde (1835). Compare French aldéhyde (1835; < German). With sense 2 compare aldide n. Chemistry. 1. = acetaldehyde n. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > aldehydes or alkanals > [noun] > acetaldehyde aldehyde1835 acetaldehyde1864 ethanal1892 1835 Rec. Gen. Sci. 2 155 Liebig has discovered a new substance, which he terms Aldeide, its composition being that of alcohol deprived of its water. 1836 Rec. Gen. Sci. 3 38 The product, according to Liebig, is aldehyde, an inflammable gas, and water, with a slight deposit of charcoal. 1850 C. G. B. Daubeny Introd. Atomic Theory (ed. 2) vii. 193 By the action of oxidizing agents on alcohol..we produce aldehyde. 1895 W. A. Tilden Introd. Study Chem. Philos. (new ed.) xxix. 339 Common aldehyd results from the removal of two atoms of hydrogen from common (ethylic) alcohol. 1919 Vinegar Hand Bk. (Hydraulic Press Manuf. Co.) 13 Other bodies are formed from the alcohol.., one of which is aldehyde. 2007 H. Ziegler Flavourings (ed. 2) v. 454 The formation of acetal is reversible. With an acid pH value ethanol and aldehyde are released. 2. Any of a class of compounds, typified by acetaldehyde (ethanal), which contain the group —CHO, are formed by the partial oxidation of primary alcohols, and can be further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Aldehydes are susceptible to nucleophilic addition and condensation reactions and are important precursors in organic synthesis, esp. in the production of plastics. Many have a characteristic odour, and this has led to their use in perfumes and flavourings.butyl, hexyl, lauric, propionic, toluic aldehyde, etc.: see the first element. See also acetaldehyde n., formaldehyde n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > aldehydes or alkanals > [noun] lampic acid1819 aldehyde1845 aldide1851 1845 Chem. Gaz. 1 Feb. 56 These properties would tend to range this substance in the class of the aldehydes, from which however it is removed by its composition. 1873 H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 11) 538 Aldehydes..are compounds intermediate between alcohols and acids. 1899 C. F. Townsend Chem. for Photographers (ed. 2) iv. 75 Formaldehyde is not the only aldehyde capable of tanning gelatine. 1918 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 5 512 A volatile aldehyde is produced which diffuses through the air and becomes absorbed by the water. 1960 F. G. Mann & B. C. Saunders Pract. Org. Chem. (ed. 4) ii. 227 Phenylhydrazine condenses readily with aldehydes and ketones to give phenylhydrazones. 1988 V. Bramwell Woman Bk. Beauty & Health v. 82 Aldehydes are synthetic materials which aim to give a smoky type of aroma. 2009 T. Shibamoto & L. Bjeldanes Introd. Food Toxicol. (ed. 2) vi. 135 Most cyanohydrins..decompose spontaneously to the corresponding ketone or aldehyde and hydrogen cyanide. Compounds C1. aldehyde group n. ΚΠ 1866 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 19 282 The presence of the aldehyde-group COH. 1953 G. E. Fogg Metabolism Algae i. 11 The energy released by the oxidation of the aldehyde group of 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde. 2006 J. M. Hornback Org. Chem. (Internat. Student ed.) xxv. 1097 Oxidation reactions are often used as a test for the presence of an aldehyde group in a carbohydrate. C2. aldehyde ammonia n. now rare an organic compound having a hydroxyl and an amino group attached to the same carbon atom; (in earliest use) spec. 1-aminoethanol, CH₃CH(OH)(NH₂), a crystalline solid formed by reaction of acetaldehyde (ethanal) and ammonia. ΚΠ 1845 Penny Cycl. Suppl. I. 335/2 When [aldehyde is] combined with ammonia, aldehyde-ammonia is formed, which, as already noticed, is a crystalline body. 1907 G. M. Norman Systematic Pract. Org. Chem. i. vi. 24 Dry ammonia is passed into the ether solution, and the aldehyde ammonia which separates is collected on the filter pump. 1955 B. C. L. Kemp Elem. Org. Chem. (new ed.) viii. 103 Formaldehyde differs from the other aldehydes in not forming an aldehyde-ammonia. 1977 J. March Adv. Org. Chem. (ed. 2) xvi. 816 The initial products would be expected to be hemiaminals (also called ‘aldehyde ammonias’)..and/or imines. aldehyde green n. [after German Aldehydgrün (1866 or earlier); compare French vert d'aldéhyde (1867 or earlier)] now historical a green dye prepared by reacting acetaldehyde (ethanal) with rosaniline followed by treatment with sodium hyposulphite; also called aniline green. ΚΠ 1869 Index Foreign Sci. Periodicals 1 Oct. 324 M. Reimann.—On the Preparation of Aldehyde Green for Dyeing. 1891 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 5th Ser. 32 400 Of the various preparations of aldehyde green, the purest should be taken, which dissolves easily in amylic alcohol with a colour like that of solutions of nickel salts. 1905 J. C. Cain & J. F. Thorpe Synthetic Dyestuffs xxv. 174 The first green synthetic dyestuff was Aldehyde green, discovered in 1862 by Cherpin; but it was quickly replaced by Iodine green. 2004 C. Weadon & W. Martin in R. A. Charvat Coloring of Plastics (ed. 2) xii. 177 A precipitated form of aldehyde green was made and was used to dye a silk gown for Empress Eugenie. aldehyde resin n. [originally after German Aldehydharz (J. Liebig 1835, in Ann. der Chemie 14 158)] now rare a resinous substance obtained by heating acetaldehyde (ethanal) with potassium hydroxide. ΚΠ 1839 J. W. Webster Man. Chem. (ed. 3) 447 Aldehyde resin is produced when potassa is dissolved in alcohol, and most speedily when the access of air is permitted. 1883 P. T. Austen tr. A. Pinner Introd. Study Org. Chem. 86 Aldehyde when treated with potassium hydroxide solution is converted into a yellow resinous mass, aldehyde resin. 1915 A. G. Woodman Food Anal. v. 158 Ordinary alcohol contains an appreciable amount of aldehyde, which in the presence of the potash forms the yellow aldehyde resin and gradually darkens. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1835
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