| 释义 |
crayfishcrawfishn. Etymology: Middle English crevice , -visse , < Old French crevice (13–15th cent. in Littré); compare crevis (masculine), crevicel diminutive in Godefroy; in Old French also escrevisse , modern French écrevisse , Walloon grèvèse , Rouchi graviche (Littré); < Old High German crebiȥ Middle High German krebeȥ , a derivative of stem *kraƀ- in krab-bo crab n.1In Southern Middle English the second syllable was naturally confounded with vish (written viss in Ayenbite), ‘fish’; whence the corrupted forms under β and γ, and the later crey-, cray-fish. The variants in cra- go back to Anglo-Norman when the stress was still on second syllable, and the first liable to vary between cre- and cra-; they are the origin of the modern craw-fish, now used chiefly in U.S. Signification. †1. the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Thoracostraca > order Decapoda > member of a1400–50 3864 Þan comes þare-out creuesses of manykins hewis. ?1578 W. Patten 12 Fresh Herring, Oysters, Samon, Creuis, and such like. 1656 tr. J. A. Comenius xvii. §159 Crevices are shelled swimmers, with ten feet, and two claws: among which are huge Lobsters of three cubits; round Crabs; Craw-fish, little Lobsters. the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > [noun] > member of the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Thoracostraca > order Decapoda > suborder Brachyura (crab) 1509 A. Barclay (Pynson) f. cxiiiv On the Crauys he styll shall bacwarde ryde. 1546 T. Phaer (1553) S vj a The canker..spreadeth it selfe abrode, like the fete of a creues, called in latin cancer. 1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin 909/1 To say, walk on, behaue your selues manfully: and go cleane kam ourselues like crevises. 1783 (new ed.) i Crevis, or crevish, cancer. the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > lobster the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Thoracostraca > order Decapoda > member of > member other than crab c1440 Anc. Cookery in (1790) 449 Crabbes and crevyse and lamprons in lentyne. a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in (2002) i. 159 The bak of þe Crevise, þus he must be sted: array hym as ye dothe þe crabbe. 1526 Eltham Ordinances in (1790) 182 Perches, Creviz, Crabs. 1 mess 8d. ?1533 G. Du Wes sig. Di Creuyce of the see, houmars. 1575 R. B. sig. Bi Yea but what am I..A Crab or a creuise, a Crane or a cockerell? 1624 J. Smith ii. 28 Crabs, Shrimps, Crevises, Oysters. 3. In current use: the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > lobster > crayfish the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Thoracostraca > order Decapoda > suborder Macrura > member of family Astacidae a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in (2002) i. 159 Of Crevis dewe douȝ. 1541 T. Elyot (new ed.) 15 a Shell fyshe, excepte crevyse deau doulce. 1577 W. Harrison (1878) iii. x. ii. 21 The little crafishes..taken..plentifullie in our fresh riuers. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens ii. xli. 60 The tayle of a Lobster, or river Creuis. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens iii. lxxviii. 426 A freshwater Creauis. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny II. 443 Craifishes of the riuer..be diureticall. a1661 T. Fuller (1662) Yorks. 223 Sir Christopher is also memorable for stocking the river Yower..with Crevishes. 1830 M. Donovan II. iii. 213 The Cray-Fish or Craw-fish, is an inhabitant of fresh water, and indeed only of the purest water. 1880 T. H. Huxley i. 16 There are a number of kinds of Cray-fish..but they bear the common surname of Astacus. 1880 T. H. Huxley i. 31 Crayfishes of a year old are..two inches long. the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > lobster the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Thoracostraca > order Decapoda > suborder Macrura > member of family Palinuridae 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter ii. i. 125 This was sea cra-fish; they generally weighed eight or nine pounds apiece. 1770 J. Wesley (1809) I. 275 The crab, the cray-fish, and many other animals are seen to devour them [muscles]. 1840 XVII. 167 Palinurus vulgaris. It is the common Sea-crawfish of the shops, Langouste of the French. 1862 D. T. Ansted & R. G. Latham iv. xxii. 508 Cray fish are very fine, but not being thought equal to lobsters in the London market, they are chiefly retained for home consumption. [Note] This crustacean is..the spiny lobster (Palinurus vulgaris) of naturalists, and attains a length of eighteen inches. 1865 P. H. Gosse (1874) 81 The cray-fish, or thorny lobster. the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Thoracostraca > order Decapoda > suborder Macrura > member of family Palinuridae 1853 L. Pappe 11 This crawfish [sc. the Cape lobster, Palinurus lalandii], peculiar only to the West Coast, and common to Table Bay, is easily caught. 1954 K. H. Barnard 27 Farther east, instead of the Cape Crawfish, other species are found which are called stridentes or noisy Crawfishes... Gilchrist's Crawfish from the Agulhas Bank has the two short whips on each of the shorter feelers... The Port Elizabeth Crawfish..is a squat form. 1961 21 July 11/5 Our kreef which still appears as crayfish or crawfish on Cape restaurant menus, is the langouste. We changed our kreef from crawfish to rock lobster to please American taste. It seems they despise the small, river crawfish with which they are familiar. Compounds1714 J. Purcell Index sig. O4 Crafish Broths, and Garlick recommended. 1719 T. D'Urfey I. 268 All must stoop to Crawfish Soop. C2. the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > lobster the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > lobster > crayfish the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Thoracostraca > order Decapoda > suborder Macrura > member of family Astacidae the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Thoracostraca > order Decapoda > suborder Macrura > member of family Palinuridae 1688 R. Holme 338/1 A Crevice, or a Crefish, or as some write it, a Crevis Fish..a Species of the Lobster, but of a lesser size. the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Thoracostraca > order Decapoda > member of > concretion in stomach 1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover 125/1 Take 6 or 7 Pickerells Eyes..and as manye Crevishe eyes..contunde all these thinges very small. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). crayfishv. Etymology: < crayfish n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈcrayfish. Australian. the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > sideways movement or a sideways movement > move sideways [verb (intransitive)] the mind > emotion > fear > cowardice or pusillanimity > be cowardly or show signs of cowardice [verb (intransitive)] > behave in a cowardly manner the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > collusion, intrigue > conspire, intrigue [verb (intransitive)] 1900 H. Lawson 63 The steamer was just crayfishing away from a mud island, where she had tied up for more wool. 1930 K. S. Prichard xvii. 194 When he thought I was goin' to hit him, [he] crayfished..lay down on the floor, and said I couldn't hit a man when he was down. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online September 2021). <  n.a1400 v.1900 |
