crumbn.

Brit.

/krʌm/, U.S.

/krəm/

Forms: Old English cruma, Middle English–1500s cromme, Middle English–1600s crumme, Middle English–1500s crome, Middle English crom, crume, crwme, Middle English–1500s crowm(e, 1500s crumbe, 1600s crumm, Middle English– crum, 1600s– crumb.

Etymology: Old English cruma (masculine), related to Middle Dutch crūme (feminine), Dutch kruim, Middle Low German krōme, Low German krȫme, modern German krume, these having the vowel long. The ulterior derivation is obscure. The merely graphic b began to be added in the 16th cent.; but crum continued to be the prevalent form to the end of the 18th cent., and is recognized in 19th cent. Dictionaries. Johnson has crum, crumb. The b probably appeared first in the derivative crumble (where it has also invaded the pronunciation), after words of French origin like humble; there was also the apparent analogy of Old English words like dumb, where b was retained in the spelling, though no longer pronounced: compare thumb.

a. A small particle of bread (or other friable food), such as breaks or falls off by rubbing, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > amounts of food > [noun] > small quantity

breadeOE

crumbc975

snedec1000

snodec1150

morselc1300

swallow1340

modicumc1400

mouthful?c1450

tasting1526

taste1530

buckone1625

morceau1778

rive1793

nibble?1828

munchet1845

moufful1896

niblet1896

snade1901

nugget1951

nibbly1978

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > piece of bread > [noun] > bread-crumbs > a crumb

crumbc975

bread flake1882

c975 Rushw. Gosp. Matt. xv. 27 Welpas ek etaþ of cromum þe þe falleþ of beode.

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xv. 27 Þa hwelpas etað of þam crumum.

a1110 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 330/13 Mica cruma.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1474 Laf Þatt iss wiþþ utenn crummess.

1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 6645 To ete hys fylle of þe crummes.

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 59 A crumme of breed.

?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 6758 All Northumbirlande prouynce He thoght as croms of bred to mynce.

1548 Order of Communion sig. C.i We bee not worthye..to gather vp the crommes vnder thy table.

1568 Bible (Bishops') Mark vii. 28 The childrens crumbes.

1632 R. Sanderson 12 Serm. 472 Every crumme we put in our mouthes.

1797 R. Beilby & T. Bewick Hist. Brit. Birds I. 206 The Redbreast..hops round the house, picks up crumbs.

1829 G. R. Gleig Chelsea Pensioners (1840) 207 A few crums which remained in our havresacks.

1849 G. P. R. James Woodman I. xi. 218 We feed it with the crumbs from our table.

b. A small particle of anything; a grain, as of dust. Obsolete exc. dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a piece or bit > a particle

grotc888

crumba1387

motec1390

particlea1398

pointa1400

specka1400

atomy1584

moment1594

dust1597

pickle1604

mite1605

atom1626

iota1636

ramentum1658

bodikin1668

part1669

dustling1674

scintilla1674

minim1686

fleck1753

molecule1799

heartbeat1855

particule1889

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 399 Was neuere founde gobet noþer cromme.

c1470 J. Hardyng Chron. cxxiv. xii [He]..for his workes and buyldynges held eche crome.

1560 P. Whitehorne tr. N. Macchiavelli Art of Warre (1573) Litle peeces or crummes of pitche.

1642 T. Fuller Holy State v. iv. 369 To leave no crumme of dust behind.

1650 H. Vaughan Silex Scintillans 71 Softly rest all thy Virgin-Crums!

1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island iii. xiv. 114 His eye..gleaming like a crumb of glass.

c. One of the irregularly-shaped and highly porous aggregates of particles found in soil having a crumb structure. (Cf. sense 3b.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > [noun] > aggregate

crumb1906

crumb structure1906

ped1951

1906¹ [see crumb structure n. at Compounds 2].

1914 T. L. Lyon et al. Soils (1920) vii. 109 The soil particles are not homogeneous as to size, and neither do all the particles function as simple grains, being gathered together in groups called granules, or crumbs.

1961 J. MacBean Soil iii. 34 Clay soils which are treated with lime to allow of the flocculation or grouping together of the single particles into crumbs..are warmer and more easily worked.

d. In rayon manufacture (see quots.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > treated or processed textiles > [noun] > man-made textiles > particles of

crumb1927

1927 M. H. Avram Rayon Industry 259 Following the steeping operation the blocks of alkali-cellulose are shredded. In this operation, which is usually carried out in a machine called a shredder or disintegrator, the cellulose is reduced to very finely divided particles called crumbs.

1927 T. Woodhouse Artificial Silk: Manuf. & Uses vi. 54 The action of the internal parts of the kneader breaks up the [alkali-cellulose] sheets effectively into small particles similar to small breadcrumbs, and hence these particles are called ‘crumbs’.

1959 Chambers's Encycl. V. 643/2 Viscose process... The crumbs are placed in churns where the action of carbon disulphide causes the alkali-cellulose to change to cellulose xanthate.

2. figurative.

a. A very small particle or portion (of something immaterial), a ‘scrap’.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > smallness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > a small quantity or amount > a very small amount

shredc1000

farthingsworthc1325

pennyworthc1330

incha1350

sliverc1374

chipa1393

gnastc1440

Jack1530

spoonful1531

crumba1535

spark1548

slight1549

pin's worth1562

scruple1574

thought1581

pinch1583

scrap1583

splinter1609

ticket1634

notchet1637

indivisible1644

tinyc1650

twopence1691

turn of the scale(s)1706

enough to swear by1756

touch1786

scrimptiona1825

infinitesimal1840

smidgen1841

snuff1842

fluxion1846

smitchel1856

eyelash1860

smidge1866

tenpenceworth1896

whisker1913

tidge1986

a1535 Bp. J. Fisher Wks. (1876) 408 [Not] one crum of merit.

1541 R. Barnes Wks. (1573) 225 Some cromme of charitie within them.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Berks. 95 This their Clock gathering up the least Crume of Time.

1719 in T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth V. 76 To beg Some Crumbs of Comfort.

1801 W. Scott Let. 11 May (1932) I. 114 I think I could give you some more crumbs of information were I at home.

1890 Dict. National Biogr. XXII. 339 Claverhouse's only crumb of comfort was that he saved the standards.

b. A body-louse. U.S. slang.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > group Anoplura > order Siphunculata > member of genus Pediculus (louse) > pediculus corporis (body-louse)

body louse1545

crumb1863

typhus louse1910

coot1915

cootie1917

pants rabbits1917

1863 O. W. Norton Army Lett. (1903) 175 Fortunately, I am not troubled with the ‘crumbs’ now.

1898 Scribner's Mag. Apr. 440/1 Just then I felt something crawling on my neck. It was a crumb.

1925 G. H. Mullin Adventures Scholar Tramp iii. 46 If there is crumbs hoppin' around on me, I don't want to encourage 'em too much.

c. A lousy or filthy person; an objectionable, worthless, or insignificant person. slang (originally U.S.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirty person > [noun]

mesela1400

scabbardc1440

slotterbugc1440

drivel1498

sow1508

wallydraigle?a1513

sloven1530

filthy1553

ketterela1572

slabberer1611

slubberdegullion1612

Grobian1621

slabberdegullion1653

slobber-chops1670

slate1718

haverel1720

slobberer1732

slummock1760

fleabag1805

slush1825

slob1876

trashbag1887

crumb1918

garbage can1925

hog1932

crud1940

sordid1959

grot1970

the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > one who is unimportant > worthless

chaffc1386

noughta1400

noughtinga1500

trifle?a1500

undought1508

wallydraigle?a1513

jackstraw1565

oatmeal-groat1594

trasha1616

Jack-of-strawa1625

little worth1823

wanworth1832

shicer1846

nowt1847

no good1871

two-spot1885

cannon fodder1917

crumb1918

no-gooder1936

nogoodnik1936

schmatte1967

1918 H. M. Rideout Key of Fields 236 A couple of crumbs want to kill you.

1930 P. G. Wodehouse Very Good, Jeeves iii. 83 This old crumb would be the occupant of the bed which I was proposing to prod with darning-needles.

1959 D. Barton Loving Cup 236 He's an absolute crumb called Stuart Rowlandson.

1970 Women Speaking Apr. 5/1 If a man doesn't like a girl's looks or personality, she's a..crumb.

a. The inner part of a loaf, not hardened in baking, and capable of being easily crumbled; the soft part of bread. Opposed to crust.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > loaf > [noun] > crumb of loaf

pith?c1425

crumbc1430

breadcrumb1656

c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) i. xli. 25 I entermeted me neuere to make cruste ne cromme.

c1440 Anc. Cookery in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 441 Pare away the cruste, and stepe the crome in vynegur.

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear iv. 192 He that keepes neither crust nor crum .

1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 32 a Make them thin, that they may have the more Crust and the less Crum.

1869 E. A. Parkes Man. Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 174 Taking the bread ¹/ ₆ crust and ⁵/ ₆ crumb.

b. transferred. Loosened and crumbled earth.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > light or loose soil

mouldeOE

crumb1807

hover1851

1807 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. (new ed.) I. 16 It will give as much mould, or crumb, in the harrow, as any other furrow.

1881 C. Whitehead Hops 45 There should be a good tilth, or crumb, at least a foot deep.

c. slang. Plumpness. Cf. crummy adj. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > broad shape or physique > [noun] > fat or plump shape or physique > state of having

fatnessc1000

greasea1340

corsiousnessc1440

fleshiness1541

plumpness1545

corporateness1547

fogginess1547

fleshliness1552

corpulency1577

corpulence1581

corsiness1587

fullness1599

obesity1611

pinguitude1623

obeseness1653

aletude1656

portliness1658

eventriqueness1667

rotundity1684

fat1726

rotundness1727

bloatedness1732

embonpoint1751

roundness1763

repleteness1770

plumpitude1828

corporosity1837

stoutness1838

crumb1843

plumptitude1843

roundedness1849

chubbiness1850

adiposeness1868

roundliness1870

buxomness1875

bloat1905

tubbiness1906

poundage1915

overweight1917

endomorphy1940

plumpishness1947

pudge1967

morbid obesity1969

1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) xxix. 345 ‘Too much crumb, you know,’ said Mr. Bailey; ‘too fat, Poll.’

†4. to gather (or pick) up one's crumbs: to ‘pick up’ or recover strength or health; to improve in condition. Obsolete exc. dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > recovery > recover or be healed [verb (intransitive)]

wholeeOE

botenc1225

cover1297

amendc1325

recovera1375

warisha1386

recovera1387

healc1390

recurec1400

soundc1402

mendc1440

convalesce1483

guarish1489

restore1494

refete?a1505

revert1531

to gather (or pick) up one's crumbs1589

cure1597

recruit1644

to perk upa1656

retrieve1675

to pick up1740

to leave one's bed1742

to sit up and take nourishment1796

to get round1798

to come round1818

to pull through1830

rally1831

to fetch round1870

to mend up1877

to pull round1889

recoup1896

recuperate1897

1589 A. Ingram Let. 9 Sept. in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations iii. 819 Our men began to gather vp their crums and to recouer some better strength.

1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ ii. i. 1 Thanke God I..am recovering and picking up my crummes apace.

1736 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum (ed. 2) To Pick up One's Crums, to gather strength.

1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxvii. 294 The Boston boy..had ‘picked up his crumbs’, was..getting strength and confidence daily.

1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. (at cited word) A person or animal improving in appearance is said to be picking up his crumbs.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

crumb-catching adj.

ΚΠ

1607 T. Walkington Optick Glasse Ep. Ded. ⁋3 b Sycophants and crum-catching parasites.

C2.

crumb-brush n. a brush for sweeping crumbs from a table.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > brushing or sweeping > [noun] > brush or broom

besomc1000

bast broom1357

brush1377

broom14..

sweepc1475

duster1575

bristle brush1601

broom-besom1693

flag-broom1697

stock-brush1700

whisk1745

birch-broom1747

hair-broom1753

spry1796

corn-broomc1810

pope's head1824

whisker1825

sweeping-brusha1828

swish1844

spoke-brush1851

whisk broom1857

Turk's head1859

wisp1875

tube-brush1877

bass-broom?1881

crumb-brush1884

dusting-brush1907

palmetto brush1913

suede brush1915

swale1949

1884 Hugh Conway in Eng. Illustr. Mag. Dec. 176/1 Whittaker came in with the crumb brush.

crumb-cloth n. a cloth laid under a table to catch the crumbs and keep the carpet clean; sometimes laid over the greater part of a carpet.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > miscellaneous articles to protect from dirt > [noun]

crumb-cloth1843

wrapper1847

dust-sheet1854

1843 J. W. Carlyle Lett. I. 196 The crumb cloth of the library.

1864 E. A. Murray Ella Norman I. 6 A rich carpet, covered by a linen crumb-cloth.

crumb rubber n.

ΚΠ

1956 Gloss. Terms Rubber & Rubber-like Materials (ASTM Spec. Techn. Publ. No. 184) 28 Crumb rubber. When vulcanized rubber is milled, it does not become soft and plastic but forms a type of material known as crumb or spring rubber.

1957 Times 20 Dec. 17/6 Output of reclaim and crumb rubber for the 12 months was approximately 7 per cent. higher.

crumb structure n. [translating German krümelstruktur (E. Wollny 1882, in Forsch. auf d. Geb. d. Agrik.-Physik V. 146)] the condition of soil when its particles are aggregated into crumbs (sense 1c).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > [noun] > aggregate

crumb1906

crumb structure1906

ped1951

1906 E. W. Hilgard Soils vii. 109 The word ‘Krümelstructur’ (crumb-structure), adopted by Wollny for this phenomenon, has both fitness and priority in its favor.

1906 E. W. Hilgard Soils vii. 110 Clay is most frequently the substance which imparts at least temporary stability to the crumbs and crumb-structure.

1926 A. G. Tansley & T. F. Chipp Aims & Methods Study Vegetation vii. 116 The ‘primary’ inorganic particles of soil show a tendency to aggregate into ‘compound particles’... This ‘crumb structure’ ..is found in all good agricultural and good forest soils.

1960 L. D. Stamp Britain's Struct. & Scenery (ed. 5) xi. 96 It is mainly the maintenance of this soil-structure, especially this crumb structure, which the farmer means when he talks about..‘maintaining a fine tilth’.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	crumb
释义	crumbn. Brit. /krʌm/, U.S. /krəm/ Forms: Old English cruma, Middle English–1500s cromme, Middle English–1600s crumme, Middle English–1500s crome, Middle English crom, crume, crwme, Middle English–1500s crowm(e, 1500s crumbe, 1600s crumm, Middle English– crum, 1600s– crumb. Etymology: Old English cruma (masculine), related to Middle Dutch crūme (feminine), Dutch kruim, Middle Low German krōme, Low German krȫme, modern German krume, these having the vowel long. The ulterior derivation is obscure. The merely graphic b began to be added in the 16th cent.; but crum continued to be the prevalent form to the end of the 18th cent., and is recognized in 19th cent. Dictionaries. Johnson has crum, crumb. The b probably appeared first in the derivative crumble (where it has also invaded the pronunciation), after words of French origin like humble; there was also the apparent analogy of Old English words like dumb, where b was retained in the spelling, though no longer pronounced: compare thumb. 1. a. A small particle of bread (or other friable food), such as breaks or falls off by rubbing, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > amounts of food > [noun] > small quantity breadeOE crumbc975 snedec1000 snodec1150 morselc1300 swallow1340 modicumc1400 mouthful?c1450 tasting1526 taste1530 buckone1625 morceau1778 rive1793 nibble?1828 munchet1845 moufful1896 niblet1896 snade1901 nugget1951 nibbly1978 the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > piece of bread > [noun] > bread-crumbs > a crumb crumbc975 bread flake1882 c975 Rushw. Gosp. Matt. xv. 27 Welpas ek etaþ of cromum þe þe falleþ of beode. c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xv. 27 Þa hwelpas etað of þam crumum. a1110 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 330/13 Mica cruma. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1474 Laf Þatt iss wiþþ utenn crummess. 1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 6645 To ete hys fylle of þe crummes. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 59 A crumme of breed. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 6758 All Northumbirlande prouynce He thoght as croms of bred to mynce. 1548 Order of Communion sig. C.i We bee not worthye..to gather vp the crommes vnder thy table. 1568 Bible (Bishops') Mark vii. 28 The childrens crumbes. 1632 R. Sanderson 12 Serm. 472 Every crumme we put in our mouthes. 1797 R. Beilby & T. Bewick Hist. Brit. Birds I. 206 The Redbreast..hops round the house, picks up crumbs. 1829 G. R. Gleig Chelsea Pensioners (1840) 207 A few crums which remained in our havresacks. 1849 G. P. R. James Woodman I. xi. 218 We feed it with the crumbs from our table. b. A small particle of anything; a grain, as of dust. Obsolete exc. dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a piece or bit > a particle grotc888 crumba1387 motec1390 particlea1398 pointa1400 specka1400 atomy1584 moment1594 dust1597 pickle1604 mite1605 atom1626 iota1636 ramentum1658 bodikin1668 part1669 dustling1674 scintilla1674 minim1686 fleck1753 molecule1799 heartbeat1855 particule1889 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 399 Was neuere founde gobet noþer cromme. c1470 J. Hardyng Chron. cxxiv. xii [He]..for his workes and buyldynges held eche crome. 1560 P. Whitehorne tr. N. Macchiavelli Art of Warre (1573) Litle peeces or crummes of pitche. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State v. iv. 369 To leave no crumme of dust behind. 1650 H. Vaughan Silex Scintillans 71 Softly rest all thy Virgin-Crums! 1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island iii. xiv. 114 His eye..gleaming like a crumb of glass. c. One of the irregularly-shaped and highly porous aggregates of particles found in soil having a crumb structure. (Cf. sense 3b.) ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > [noun] > aggregate crumb1906 crumb structure1906 ped1951 1906¹ [see crumb structure n. at Compounds 2]. 1914 T. L. Lyon et al. Soils (1920) vii. 109 The soil particles are not homogeneous as to size, and neither do all the particles function as simple grains, being gathered together in groups called granules, or crumbs. 1961 J. MacBean Soil iii. 34 Clay soils which are treated with lime to allow of the flocculation or grouping together of the single particles into crumbs..are warmer and more easily worked. d. In rayon manufacture (see quots.). ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > treated or processed textiles > [noun] > man-made textiles > particles of crumb1927 1927 M. H. Avram Rayon Industry 259 Following the steeping operation the blocks of alkali-cellulose are shredded. In this operation, which is usually carried out in a machine called a shredder or disintegrator, the cellulose is reduced to very finely divided particles called crumbs. 1927 T. Woodhouse Artificial Silk: Manuf. & Uses vi. 54 The action of the internal parts of the kneader breaks up the [alkali-cellulose] sheets effectively into small particles similar to small breadcrumbs, and hence these particles are called ‘crumbs’. 1959 Chambers's Encycl. V. 643/2 Viscose process... The crumbs are placed in churns where the action of carbon disulphide causes the alkali-cellulose to change to cellulose xanthate. 2. figurative. a. A very small particle or portion (of something immaterial), a ‘scrap’. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > smallness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > a small quantity or amount > a very small amount shredc1000 farthingsworthc1325 pennyworthc1330 incha1350 sliverc1374 chipa1393 gnastc1440 Jack1530 spoonful1531 crumba1535 spark1548 slight1549 pin's worth1562 scruple1574 thought1581 pinch1583 scrap1583 splinter1609 ticket1634 notchet1637 indivisible1644 tinyc1650 twopence1691 turn of the scale(s)1706 enough to swear by1756 touch1786 scrimptiona1825 infinitesimal1840 smidgen1841 snuff1842 fluxion1846 smitchel1856 eyelash1860 smidge1866 tenpenceworth1896 whisker1913 tidge1986 a1535 Bp. J. Fisher Wks. (1876) 408 [Not] one crum of merit. 1541 R. Barnes Wks. (1573) 225 Some cromme of charitie within them. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Berks. 95 This their Clock gathering up the least Crume of Time. 1719 in T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth V. 76 To beg Some Crumbs of Comfort. 1801 W. Scott Let. 11 May (1932) I. 114 I think I could give you some more crumbs of information were I at home. 1890 Dict. National Biogr. XXII. 339 Claverhouse's only crumb of comfort was that he saved the standards. b. A body-louse. U.S. slang. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > group Anoplura > order Siphunculata > member of genus Pediculus (louse) > pediculus corporis (body-louse) body louse1545 crumb1863 typhus louse1910 coot1915 cootie1917 pants rabbits1917 1863 O. W. Norton Army Lett. (1903) 175 Fortunately, I am not troubled with the ‘crumbs’ now. 1898 Scribner's Mag. Apr. 440/1 Just then I felt something crawling on my neck. It was a crumb. 1925 G. H. Mullin Adventures Scholar Tramp iii. 46 If there is crumbs hoppin' around on me, I don't want to encourage 'em too much. c. A lousy or filthy person; an objectionable, worthless, or insignificant person. slang (originally U.S.). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirty person > [noun] mesela1400 scabbardc1440 slotterbugc1440 drivel1498 sow1508 wallydraigle?a1513 sloven1530 filthy1553 ketterela1572 slabberer1611 slubberdegullion1612 Grobian1621 slabberdegullion1653 slobber-chops1670 slate1718 haverel1720 slobberer1732 slummock1760 fleabag1805 slush1825 slob1876 trashbag1887 crumb1918 garbage can1925 hog1932 crud1940 sordid1959 grot1970 the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > one who is unimportant > worthless chaffc1386 noughta1400 noughtinga1500 trifle?a1500 undought1508 wallydraigle?a1513 jackstraw1565 oatmeal-groat1594 trasha1616 Jack-of-strawa1625 little worth1823 wanworth1832 shicer1846 nowt1847 no good1871 two-spot1885 cannon fodder1917 crumb1918 no-gooder1936 nogoodnik1936 schmatte1967 1918 H. M. Rideout Key of Fields 236 A couple of crumbs want to kill you. 1930 P. G. Wodehouse Very Good, Jeeves iii. 83 This old crumb would be the occupant of the bed which I was proposing to prod with darning-needles. 1959 D. Barton Loving Cup 236 He's an absolute crumb called Stuart Rowlandson. 1970 Women Speaking Apr. 5/1 If a man doesn't like a girl's looks or personality, she's a..crumb. 3. a. The inner part of a loaf, not hardened in baking, and capable of being easily crumbled; the soft part of bread. Opposed to crust. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > loaf > [noun] > crumb of loaf pith?c1425 crumbc1430 breadcrumb1656 c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) i. xli. 25 I entermeted me neuere to make cruste ne cromme. c1440 Anc. Cookery in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 441 Pare away the cruste, and stepe the crome in vynegur. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear iv. 192 He that keepes neither crust nor crum . View more context for this quotation 1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 32 a Make them thin, that they may have the more Crust and the less Crum. 1869 E. A. Parkes Man. Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 174 Taking the bread ¹/ ₆ crust and ⁵/ ₆ crumb. b. transferred. Loosened and crumbled earth. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > light or loose soil mouldeOE crumb1807 hover1851 1807 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. (new ed.) I. 16 It will give as much mould, or crumb, in the harrow, as any other furrow. 1881 C. Whitehead Hops 45 There should be a good tilth, or crumb, at least a foot deep. c. slang. Plumpness. Cf. crummy adj. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > broad shape or physique > [noun] > fat or plump shape or physique > state of having fatnessc1000 greasea1340 corsiousnessc1440 fleshiness1541 plumpness1545 corporateness1547 fogginess1547 fleshliness1552 corpulency1577 corpulence1581 corsiness1587 fullness1599 obesity1611 pinguitude1623 obeseness1653 aletude1656 portliness1658 eventriqueness1667 rotundity1684 fat1726 rotundness1727 bloatedness1732 embonpoint1751 roundness1763 repleteness1770 plumpitude1828 corporosity1837 stoutness1838 crumb1843 plumptitude1843 roundedness1849 chubbiness1850 adiposeness1868 roundliness1870 buxomness1875 bloat1905 tubbiness1906 poundage1915 overweight1917 endomorphy1940 plumpishness1947 pudge1967 morbid obesity1969 1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) xxix. 345 ‘Too much crumb, you know,’ said Mr. Bailey; ‘too fat, Poll.’ †4. to gather (or pick) up one's crumbs: to ‘pick up’ or recover strength or health; to improve in condition. Obsolete exc. dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > recovery > recover or be healed [verb (intransitive)] wholeeOE botenc1225 cover1297 amendc1325 recovera1375 warisha1386 recovera1387 healc1390 recurec1400 soundc1402 mendc1440 convalesce1483 guarish1489 restore1494 refete?a1505 revert1531 to gather (or pick) up one's crumbs1589 cure1597 recruit1644 to perk upa1656 retrieve1675 to pick up1740 to leave one's bed1742 to sit up and take nourishment1796 to get round1798 to come round1818 to pull through1830 rally1831 to fetch round1870 to mend up1877 to pull round1889 recoup1896 recuperate1897 1589 A. Ingram Let. 9 Sept. in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations iii. 819 Our men began to gather vp their crums and to recouer some better strength. 1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ ii. i. 1 Thanke God I..am recovering and picking up my crummes apace. 1736 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum (ed. 2) To Pick up One's Crums, to gather strength. 1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxvii. 294 The Boston boy..had ‘picked up his crumbs’, was..getting strength and confidence daily. 1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. (at cited word) A person or animal improving in appearance is said to be picking up his crumbs. Compounds C1. General attributive. crumb-catching adj. ΚΠ 1607 T. Walkington Optick Glasse Ep. Ded. ⁋3 b Sycophants and crum-catching parasites. C2. crumb-brush n. a brush for sweeping crumbs from a table. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > brushing or sweeping > [noun] > brush or broom besomc1000 bast broom1357 brush1377 broom14.. sweepc1475 duster1575 bristle brush1601 broom-besom1693 flag-broom1697 stock-brush1700 whisk1745 birch-broom1747 hair-broom1753 spry1796 corn-broomc1810 pope's head1824 whisker1825 sweeping-brusha1828 swish1844 spoke-brush1851 whisk broom1857 Turk's head1859 wisp1875 tube-brush1877 bass-broom?1881 crumb-brush1884 dusting-brush1907 palmetto brush1913 suede brush1915 swale1949 1884 Hugh Conway in Eng. Illustr. Mag. Dec. 176/1 Whittaker came in with the crumb brush. crumb-cloth n. a cloth laid under a table to catch the crumbs and keep the carpet clean; sometimes laid over the greater part of a carpet. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > miscellaneous articles to protect from dirt > [noun] crumb-cloth1843 wrapper1847 dust-sheet1854 1843 J. W. Carlyle Lett. I. 196 The crumb cloth of the library. 1864 E. A. Murray Ella Norman I. 6 A rich carpet, covered by a linen crumb-cloth. crumb rubber n. ΚΠ 1956 Gloss. Terms Rubber & Rubber-like Materials (ASTM Spec. Techn. Publ. No. 184) 28 Crumb rubber. When vulcanized rubber is milled, it does not become soft and plastic but forms a type of material known as crumb or spring rubber. 1957 Times 20 Dec. 17/6 Output of reclaim and crumb rubber for the 12 months was approximately 7 per cent. higher. crumb structure n. [translating German krümelstruktur (E. Wollny 1882, in Forsch. auf d. Geb. d. Agrik.-Physik V. 146)] the condition of soil when its particles are aggregated into crumbs (sense 1c). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > [noun] > aggregate crumb1906 crumb structure1906 ped1951 1906 E. W. Hilgard Soils vii. 109 The word ‘Krümelstructur’ (crumb-structure), adopted by Wollny for this phenomenon, has both fitness and priority in its favor. 1906 E. W. Hilgard Soils vii. 110 Clay is most frequently the substance which imparts at least temporary stability to the crumbs and crumb-structure. 1926 A. G. Tansley & T. F. Chipp Aims & Methods Study Vegetation vii. 116 The ‘primary’ inorganic particles of soil show a tendency to aggregate into ‘compound particles’... This ‘crumb structure’ ..is found in all good agricultural and good forest soils. 1960 L. D. Stamp Britain's Struct. & Scenery (ed. 5) xi. 96 It is mainly the maintenance of this soil-structure, especially this crumb structure, which the farmer means when he talks about..‘maintaining a fine tilth’. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † crumbcrumadj. Forms: Also Middle English croume, 1800s dialect crum, crom. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: A common West Germanic adjective: Old English crumb = Old Frisian krumb (East Frisian krum , -mme ), Old Saxon crumb (Middle Low German krum , -mme , Low German krumm ); Middle Dutch cromp , -be , crom(m (Danish krom ), Old High German chrump , -be (Middle High German krump , -be , German 16–17th cent. krumb , modern German krumm , Upper German dialect krump ) crooked < Old Germanic type krumbo- , < krimb-* , kramb , krumb- to press, squeeze, compress: see cramp n.¹ Compare also Irish cróm , Welsh crom , crooked, bent. This adjective, so important in German and Dutch, has had very little development in English, its place being taken by the kindred crump n.²; it survives to a slight extent dialectally as crum , crom crooked, and in the derivatives crum , crom verb (see crumb v.²), cromster, crummie. Obsolete exc. dialect. Crooked. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > misshapenness > [adjective] > crooked wough862 crumba1100 wrongc1175 crooked?c1225 crochedc1300 forcrookedc1305 miscrookeda1398 crumpleda1400 kirkeda1425 camshoch1513 crooken1589 awry1728 thraward1814 ajee1816 ahoo1828 crinkly-crankly1850 unstraight1860 cockeye1891 cockeyed1899 crookedy1907 a1100 Misc. Glosses in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. 514/14 Obunca þa crumban. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 9207 & all þatt ohht iss wrang & crumb Shall effnedd beon. & rihhtedd. c1425 Seuyn Sag. (Wr.) 2477 With a lytil croume knyfe. 1866 W. Gregor Dial. Banffshire (Philol. Soc.) 32 Crom, crooked: (1) as ‘The man hiz crom finger’. (2) Very frequently prefixed..as, crom-taet[-toed], a crom-fingert, crom-leggit. 1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Crum-horn't. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021). crumbcrumv.¹ Brit. /krʌm/, U.S. /krəm/ Forms: Middle English croume, Middle English–1500s crumm(e, crume, crome, 1500s cromme, 1500s–1600s crum, 1600s– crumb. Etymology: < crumb n. There was an earlier umlaut form crim v. ( < crymman), cream, still in dialect use. 1. transitive. To break down into crumbs or small fragments, reduce to crumbs. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (transitive)] > crumble crumbc1430 offe?1440 undurec1440 crima1450 crumblea1475 murla1525 mool1595 shatter1891 c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) iv. xxxiii. 194 As me þouhte, she bar mete croumed vp on parchemyn. 1564 T. Harding Answere to Iuelles Chalenge xxii. f. 183^v As if the bread be so small crommed into dust, and the wine dispersed. 1583 C. Hollyband Campo di Fior 201 Heate them..before you crume in the bread. a1625 J. Fletcher Monsieur Thomas (1639) iv. iv. sig. K1 Crum not your bread before you taste your porridge. 1882 Worcs. Exhib. Catal. iii. 38 Machine for crumbing bread. †2. intransitive. To fall into crumbs; to crumble. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (intransitive)] > crumble grushc1420 crumb1546 crumble1577 shalder1577 murl1600 slack1700 shatter1733 fall1743 1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. vii. sig. Iiii A mud wall..Cracketh and crummeth in peeces. 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 634 Ground..that..being troden on, crummeth like white lyme. 18.. R. Southey (F. Hall). 3. transitive. To put crumbs into or over; to thicken or cover with crumbs.See crim v. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > garnishing > garnish [verb (transitive)] > cover with crumbs crima1450 crumb1579 bread?1600 breadcrumb1817 to egg and crumb1834 gratiné1978 1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 377 As for his bare bread, let him keepe to crome his pottage. 1669 J. Dryden Wild Gallant i. i. 8 Last night good Mrs. Bibber..crumm'd me a Mess of gruel. 1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. ii. 133 A Dish of Milk well crumbed . View more context for this quotation 1864 Mrs. H. Wood Trevlyn Hold III. ix. 131 To see a sweetbread egged and crumbed. Derivatives crumbed adj. ΚΠ c1430 Two Cookery-bks. 55 Melle yt with cromyd Marow, & lay on Sugre y-now. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † crumbcrumv.² Forms: Also Middle English crom-in, 1800s dialect crom. Etymology: < crumb adj. Not recorded in Old English, but compare Old Saxon crumban, Middle Low German krummen, Dutch krommen, Old High German chrumbian, Middle High German krumben, German krümmen to make crooked, to crook; also Middle High German krumben, German dialect krummen, to become crooked, < the corresponding adjective crumb, see above. Obsolete exc. dialect. transitive. To make crooked or curved; to crook, bend. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > curve or bend [verb (transitive)] beyc888 bowa1300 incrooka1340 inbowa1382 crook1382 plya1393 inflectc1425 courbe1430 wryc1450 cralla1475 crumbc1490 bought1521 compass1542 incurvate1578 ploy1578 incurve1610 curve1615 circumflex1649 wheel1656 curb1662 crumpa1821 curvaturec1933 c1490 Promptorium Parvulorum 104 (MSS. K., H.) Cromyn [v.r. crokyn], unco. 1866 W. Gregor Dial. Banffshire (Philol. Soc.) 32 Crom, to double, ‘The tinker crommt up 's leg’. Derivatives crummet adj. (also crum't, crommt) [German gekrümmt] Scottish crooked, crooked-horned. ΚΠ 1789 D. Davidson Thoughts Seasons 51 (Jam.) Spying an unco crummet beast. 1866 W. Gregor Dial. Banffshire (Philol. Soc.) 32 Crommt, crooked; [also] same as crummie. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.c975adj.a1100v.¹c1430v.²c1490
随便看	bethought bethphany bethrall bethreatened bethrelian bethrough bethrow bethumb bethumbed bethump bethumped bethumping bethumps bethunch bethunder bethwack bethwine betide betided betider betides betiding betie betimber betimbered

crumbn.

Compounds

† crumbcrumadj.

crumbcrumv.1

Derivatives

† crumbcrumv.2

Derivatives

crumbcrumv.¹

† crumbcrumv.²