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单词 cover
释义

covern.1

Brit. /ˈkʌvə/, U.S. /ˈkəvər/
Forms: Middle English cuvur, Middle English couere, Middle English–1600s couer, Middle English– cover: see also cure n.2
Etymology: Mainly < cover v.1; but it is possible that in early use the word represented French covert , which had in nominative singular and in plural couers , whence an English singular cover was natural. Sense 7 represents modern French couvert.
I. Generally: something that covers.
1.
a. That which covers: anything that is put or laid over, or that naturally overlies or overspreads an object, with the effect of hiding, sheltering, or enclosing it; often a thing designed or appropriated for the purpose.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > [noun] > a covering
wrielsc825
coverc1320
hillingc1325
eyelida1382
covering1382
casea1398
coverta1400
tegumentc1440
hacklea1450
coverturec1450
housingc1450
deck1466
heeler1495
housera1522
coverlet1551
shrouda1561
kever1570
vele1580
periwig1589
hap1593
opercle1598
integument?1611
blanketa1616
cask1646
operiment1650
coverlid1654
tegment1656
shell?1677
muff1687
operculum1738
tegmen1807
c1320 Sir Beues 4611 (MS. C) Of golde he made þe ryche couere [v.r. cornere].
c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 55 Þe arke or couere of god was conquerid into enemyes hondis.
1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet i. iv. 61 Her waggon spokes are made of spinners webs, The couer, of the winges of Grashoppers. View more context for this quotation
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iii. ii. 150 That small modle of the barren earth, Which serues as paste, and couer to our bones. View more context for this quotation
1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 226 They clymbe vp to the sieling or couer of the house.
1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth i. vii. 90 The Fountains..strengthned..by making a strong cover or Arch over them.
1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 54 With your Hand or any other cover you stop the Vessel.
1793 G. Washington Let. 12 Dec. in Wks. (1891) XII. 362 To the building of such houses, there would be no limitation, nor to that of thatch for the cover of them.
1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §115 Having a good deal of cover of earth, &c. upon them, they were then chiefly wrought underground.
1823 W. Buckland Reliq. Diluvianæ 185 The alluvial cover which rests upon the rocks of this district.
b. Often as the second element in combinations.
ΚΠ
1653 H. More Antidote Atheism (1662) iii. iii. 93 The violent flapping of a Chest-cover, no hand touching it.
1843 J. W. Carlyle Lett. I. 264 Needlework..in the shape of chair-covers, sofa-covers.
c. Calico-printing. A design that is printed over another design in resist-work. Also cover pattern.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > cotton > [noun] > coloured, patterned, or printed > design
cover1874
1874 W. Crookes Pract. Handbk. Dyeing 564 The rest is taken up with the fine cover pattern.
1884 J. Gardner Bleaching, Dyeing, etc. iii. 101 Mordants, Discharges, Reserves, Covers, &c.
1957 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 7/1 The fine patterns printed over resists are called covers and the plain grounds pads.
d. Cricket. = cover-point n. 1. So the covers: cover-point and extra cover-point.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > fielding > [noun] > fielding position > specific
bat's end1742
midwicket1744
middle wicket1772
long-stop1773
long field?1801
third man1801
point1816
slip1816
backstop1819
cover1836
long field on1837
short stopc1837
long on1843
middle-on1843
short leg1843
cover-point1846
square leg1849
long off1854
mid-off1865
leg slip1869
mid-on1870
cover-slip1891
box1911
gully1920
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > cricketer > [noun] > fielder > fielders by position
middle wicket1772
long-stop1773
second stop1773
stop1773
long fieldsman1790
long field?1801
third man1801
outscout1805
leg1816
point1816
slip1816
backstop1819
long fielder1835
long leg1835
long field off1837
short leg1843
square leg1849
cover-point1850
long-stopper1851
middle-off1851
cover-slip1854
long off1854
left fielder1860
short square1860
mid-off1865
extra cover (point)1867
deep-fielder1870
mid-on1870
cover1897
leg trap1897
infield1898
deep field1900
slipper1903
slip fieldsman1906
midwicket1909
infieldsman1910
slip-catcher1920
infielder1927
leg slip1956
1836 New Sporting Mag. July 195 Next follows a little about the mode of hitting to cover.
1851 J. Pycroft Cricket Field x. 193 Cover is the place for brilliant fielding.
1897 K. S. Ranjitsinhji Jubilee Bk. Cricket ii. 50 A fine exhibition of fielding at cover.
1897 K. S. Ranjitsinhji Jubilee Bk. Cricket ii. 50 Like third-man, cover must be ever on the alert to dash in any direction.
1903 Cricket 130 When assisted by an extra mid-off, ‘cover’ should place himself much squarer with the wickets.
1904 P. F. Warner How we recovered Ashes vii. 111 Tyldesley, whether he was..forcing a short ball between the covers, hooking or glancing to leg, was perfect in his timing of the ball.
1922 F. B. Wilson Sporting Pie 74 The next ball he hit very hard to cover and called me for a run.
1950 N. Cardus Second Innings 93 With time left for the batsman to make a drive past cover.
1955 Times 5 July 4/1 Walshe played some surprising shots through the covers off the back foot.
e. Tennis. (Cf. cover v.1 13b.)
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > racket games > lawn tennis > [noun] > court > parts of
baseline1875
centreline1882
runback1891
alley1904
cover1907
no man's land1931
tramline1937
ad court1946
1907 P. A. Vaile Mod. Lawn Tennis 123 You must remember..that he cannot do it [sc. drive down the side line] every time with sufficient accuracy to pass in the small margin over ‘cover’ which you will allow him.
f. In full cover version. A recording of a song, etc., which has already been recorded by someone else.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > a sound recording > [noun] > record or disc > type of record
pre-release1871
record album1904
re-release1907
ten-inch1908
twelve-incher1909
demonstration record1911
pressing1912
swinger1924
repressing1927
transcription1931
long-player1932
rush release1935
pop record1937
album1945
demonstration disc1947
pop disc1947
pop single1947
long-play1948
picture disc1948
781949
single1949
forty-five1950
demo disc1952
EP1952
shellac1954
top of the pops1956
gold disc1957
acetate1962
platinum disc1964
chartbuster1965
miss1965
cover1966
reissue1966
pirate label1968
rock record1968
thirty-three (and a third)1968
sampler1969
white-label1970
double album1971
dubplate1976
seven-inch1977
mini-album1980
joint1991
1966 Melody Maker 23 July 12/2 This is a cover version of the new Beach Boys single from some friends and admirers, the Castaways.
1968 Listener 7 Nov. 622/3 The jackal thinking behind cover versions, which are near copies of original recordings, is predicated on the belief that so much money is showered in the general direction of hit records that any performance of the song will collect if sufficiently adjacent.
1968 Listener 7 Nov. 622/3 It's a popular misconception that the original version of a song must be better than a cover.
1970 Melody Maker 19 Dec. 31 Among the biggest sellers this Christmas will be the ‘Hits’ albums—cover versions of Top 30 records.
1970 Melody Maker 19 Dec. 31/7 Lewis was an originator of these ‘covers’.
2. spec.
a. The lid of any vessel, receptacle, or aperture, whether detached or not.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > [noun] > closure for a vessel, tube, etc. > lid
lidc1000
coverclec1384
lampc1386
cover1459
covertil1463
coverturea1475
covering1479
cure1502
shed1612
bred1808
top1958
1459 Paston Lett. I. 475 One white stondyng cuppe with a cover of silver.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 26 You shall but seeke to couer euery pot with one couer.
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §99 Take the Vessel from the Fire, and take off the Cover.
1694 Acct. Several Late Voy. (1711) ii. 130 He hath a great many small holes on the Cover of his Gills.
1726 G. Shelvocke Voy. round World vii. 245 The..covers of the ship's coppers were converted into frying pans.
1874 J. T. Micklethwaite Mod. Parish Churches 39 The font requires a cover to keep out the dust.
b. A defensive or protective covering for the body; a piece of armour; an article of clothing. cover of the eyes: the visor (of a helmet). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > helmet > [noun] > visor
cover of the eyesc1300
visorc1330
umbrerea1400
umber14..
umbraryc1442
umbrelc1470
visure1470
sight1508
vizard1704
umbril1864
mesail1869
c1300 K. Alis. 2359 He hitte Amanas..In the cubur [? error for cuvur] of the eyghe.
?1529 R. Hyrde tr. J. L. Vives Instr. Christen Woman i. ix. sig. I.ij This apparell..is the couer of Antichrist.
1674 A. Cremer tr. J. Scheffer Hist. Lapland xvii. 88 Of the skin of the bird called Loom..they make not an unbecoming cover for the head.
1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 20 They expose themselves..without any cover upon their breasts.
c. Of a book: (a) The binding, wrapper, or case, as a whole; (b) each of the boards or sides, as in from cover to cover; (c) the quantity of cloth required for a case.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > book > parts of book > [noun] > cover
forel1393
surpelc1440
covering1459
coverturea1475
heeling1498
lid1585
cover1599
binding1648
book cover1649
case1750
album cover1839
bookcase1885
1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet i. iii. 90 This precious booke of loue..onely lacks a Couer . View more context for this quotation
1628 J. Earle Micro-cosmogr. vii. sig. C2v A Manu-script he pores on euerlastingly, especially if the couer be all moth-eaten.
1710 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1889) III. 9 Bound up in Past-Board Covers.
1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) I. 422 These three materials are then passed on to the case-makers: one of whom takes possession of the pile of cloth covers.
1891 Law Times 92 99/1 The books are beautiful specimens of scrivenery, and from cover to cover may be searched without finding a blot.
d. The wrapper of a letter or of any postal packet. spec. in Philately, an envelope, etc., bearing a stamp, postmark, or label of particular historical or commemorative interest; esp. first day cover (see quot. 1950).Hence, to address to (a person) under cover to (another). In a general sense including an envelope (which is a special kind of cover); but spec. used of a wrapper cut and folded differently from an envelope, as in the ‘Mulready covers’.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > correspondence > letter > [noun] > cover or envelope
coverture1587
by covert1655
envelopea1715
letter cover1741
cover1747
letter case1823
wrapper1846
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > hobby > collecting stamps > [noun] > related matters
perforation gauge1882
plate number1912
cover1923
first-day cover1926
1747 S. Richardson Clarissa II. xiv. 79 I..acknowlege her goodness to me, with a pencil only, on the cover of a letter sealed up.
1804 Pitt in G. Rose Diaries (1860) II. 75 I send this under Hammond's cover to the Postmaster.
a1817 J. Austen Northanger Abbey (1818) II. xiii. 267 Direct to me at Lord Longtown's..under cover to Alice. View more context for this quotation
1876 World 5 11 The task of addressing the covers to the subscribers does not devolve upon him [the Editor].
1923 F. J. Melville Aero-stamp Collecting ii. 14 A flown cover of each of the outstanding pioneer flights in each country is of undeniable interest.
1934 S. Phillips Beginner's Bk. Stamp Collecting xix. 214 Cover, a term applied to an envelope or wrapper. ‘On cover’ means on a complete envelope or wrapper, as opposed to ‘on piece’.
1938 D. B. Armstrong Collecting Stamps 47 First-day cover, a postage stamp or stamps used on entire upon the first day that the stamps in question were officially placed on sale. First flight cover, an envelope which has been carried by air mail on the first flight between any two given points.
1950 L. N. Williams & M. Williams Collecting Postage Stamps xiii. 71 One fashion with little to recommend it that has become prevalent in recent years is the collection of what are known as First Day Covers, or letters bearing stamps posted on the first day of their issue and bearing an appropriate dated postmark.
1968 J. Mackay Cover Collecting iv. 35 Although a souvenir cover bearing stamps used on the first day of issue has been recorded from the United States as early as 1909 (in connection with the Hudson Fulton 2c. stamp), the First Day Cover craze did not make any headway in America until the late 1920s.
e. In various technical uses.
ΚΠ
1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 583 Cover, in slating; the part of the slate that is hidden; the exposed part being called the margin.
1839 R. S. Robinson Naut. Steam Engine Explained 100 That part of the sliding faces projecting beyond the depth of the port, is called the cover, and is much greater on the steam side of the port than on the eduction side.
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Cover, a miner's box in which ore is removed from the rock or strata.
1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Cover (machinery), the cap-head or end-plate of a cylinder.
f. The outer covering of a pneumatic tyre.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > wheel > rubber or pneumatic tyre > parts of
tread1735
cover1898
sidewall1901
tyre-cover1903
tire-cover1905
cuirass band1906
cuirass1907
power bar1948
belt1964
undertread1968
1898 Science Siftings 5 Nov. 46/2 All tendency to cracking of the outer covers is obviated.
1902 C. L. Freeston in A. C. Harmsworth et al. Motors & Motor-driving (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) 237 Even the covers of the driving wheels were quite smooth and unimpaired.
1904 A. B. F. Young Compl. Motorist 248 Two spare tubes should always be carried and one spare cover.
1904 A. B. F. Young Compl. Motorist 251 When the tyre has been replaced and slightly inflated, the Continental ‘cover plaster’, a kind of long band or puttie, is wound round the tyre.
3.
a. That which serves for shelter or concealment; a shelter, a hiding place.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > a secret place, hiding place > [noun]
hidelsc975
hidela1300
bushc1330
hulkc1330
derna1340
tapissinga1340
coverta1375
hiding1382
loting-placea1398
cover14..
hiding placec1440
mewa1450
closetc1450
hole1483
cure1502
secret1530
shrouding place1571
ivy-bush1576
coney burrowa1586
hidlings1597
foxhole1606
shrouding corner1610
recess1611
subterfuge1616
latibule1623
latebra1626
blind1646
privacy1648
hide1649
retreat1697
rathole1770
hidey-hole1817
tod hole1846
hulster1880
hideout1885
cwtch1890
castle1898
lurk1906
stash1927
hideaway1930
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > shelter > giving or affording shelter > that which
coverta1375
cover14..
cure1502
14.. Stasyons of Jerus. (Horstm.) 400 Þan ranne we ferre & nere As conys doth to þer couere.
1611 Bible (King James) Wisd. x. 17 Wisedome..was vnto them for a couer by day.
1751 Affecting Narr. H.M.S. Wager 28 The Tree..not proving so good a Cover from the Rains as we wished.
1776 N. Greene in J. Sparks Corr. Amer. Revol. (1853) I. 298 As the state of the barracks is, they would find exceeding good cover for the men.
1827 J. F. Cooper Prairie I. iii. 49 They will be here afore you can find a cover.
1884 Liverpool Mercury 3 Mar. 5/2 When driven from their entrenchments they clung to every bit of cover the surface of the country afforded them.
b. figurative. Support, countenance. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > [noun]
comfort?c1225
encourage1535
encouragement1550
comfortation1552
countenance1576
cover1581
couragement1603
patronage1610
abettance1781
championship1840
moral support1852
fautorship1863
affirmation1966
1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 24 Beggerly fragmentes of mans invention, beyng without all cover of Scriptures, yea rather contrary to the same.
c.in cover: in concealment (obsolete). under cover: under a screening or sheltering eminence, roof, etc. under (the) cover of: under the protection or shelter of.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > [adverb]
by covert1477
secretly1535
in coverc1540
hiddenly1580
tectly1587
in(to) smoke1924
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [phrase] > in or under the shelter of
in, under (the) lee (ofOE
under covert1477
under (the) covert of1477
under coverc1540
under the shelter of1595
in (the) covert of1611
under (the) cover of1726
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 10513 Kepis you in couer, cleane out of sight!
1573 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 110 Sydenham..was in cover all the while.
1703 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion II. viii. 421 [They] being compell'd to lodge in the Field, which grew now to be very Cold, whilst his Army was under cover.
1726 G. Shelvocke Voy. round World vii. 211 Whilst others got up water-buts, and slept in them under the cover of a tree.
1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho III. vi. 189 We can glide under cover of the woods with less hazard of being seen.
1838–43 T. Arnold Hist. Rome III. xliii. 143 These feed..under cover of the darkness.
1885 U. S. Grant Pers. Mem. I. xx. 274 The troops..lay crouched under cover of the river bank.
d. figurative. Something that hides, conceals, or screens; a cloak, screen, disguise, pretence. under (the) cover of.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > means of concealment > [noun]
shadowc1200
blindfolding?c1225
coverturec1374
hiding1382
veilc1384
palliation?c1425
covert1574
panoply1576
hoodwink1577
mask1597
cover1600
screena1616
pretexture1618
purdah1621
subterfuge1621
tecture1624
coverlet1628
domino1836
face shield1842
concealment1847
protective colouring1873
camouflage1885
protective coloration1892
smokescreen1926
cover-up1927
scrim1942
marzipan1945
1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing iv. i. 116 Death is the fairest couer for her shame. View more context for this quotation
1643 J. Burroughes Expos. Hosea (1652) vii. 277 I will take their covers from their..eyes..Wicked men have divers covers for their lewdnesse.
1751 J. Jortin Serm. (1771) VI. iv. 70 Presumption which loves to conceal itself under the cover of humility.
1757 D. Hume Hist. Great Brit. II. 57 Precautions, which were probably nothing but covers to his ambition.
1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues III. 4 Under the cover of rhetoric much higher themes are introduced.
e. Concealment, disguise; underhand or deceitful conduct. rare.
ΚΠ
1796 E. Burke Two Lett. Peace Regicide Directory France i. 126 We ourselves with a little cover, others more directly, pay a tribute to the Republick of Algiers.
1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre I. ii. 13 I never saw a girl of her age with so much cover.
f. Thieves' slang. A confederate who screens the operations of a thief or pickpocket.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > [noun] > accomplice > who screens operations
cover1819
vamper1864
1819 J. H. Vaux New Vocab. Flash Lang. in Memoirs II. at Cover Any body whose dress or stature renders him particularly eligible for this purpose [covering a thief] is said to be a good cover.
1863 B. Jerrold Signals of Distress 106 The ranks of..the passers of base coin, shofulmen, ‘wires’, and ‘covers’ will be sensibly strengthened.
g. Protection from attack; esp. that afforded by the presence or fire of a supporting force; also, a force providing such protection. Frequently with defining word, as air cover n. at air n.1 Compounds 2, fighter cover n. at fighter n. Compounds 1. Cf. cover v.1 8d.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > defence > [noun] > means of defence > protection by supporting force
cover1802
1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. Cover, a term in war to express security or protection: thus, to land under cover of the guns, is to advance offensively against an enemy who dares not approach on account of the fire from ships, boats or batteries.
1950 Truman in N.Y. Times 28 June 1/6 I have ordered United States air and sea forces to give the Korean Government troops cover and support.
1964 T. White tr. P. Leulliette St. Michael 210 Rapidly, under the cover of armoured cars, we crossed the whole devastated and deserted town.
4.
a. Hunting. Woods, undergrowth, and bushes, that serve to shelter or conceal wild animals and game; = covert n. 3. Also in combination, as fox-cover.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting area > [noun] > covert
covert1494
cover1719
bouquet1875
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 182 Never frighted Hare fled to Cover..with more Terror of Mind than I to this Retreat.
1781 P. Beckford Thoughts on Hunting xix. 247 You hunt a cover that is full of foxes.
1796 A. Duncan Mariner's Chron. (1805) III. 275 The rhinoceros..broke cover at last and appeared on the plain.
a1839 W. M. Praed Poems (1864) II. 55 She wields the gun, or beats the cover.
1877 R. H. Roberts Harry Holbrooke of Holbrooke Hall ii. 25 The fox trots out..but, not liking the aspect of affairs, turns back to the cover.
b. The vegetation covering the surface of the ground; spec. in Ecology, the area covered by the individuals of one species, often expressed as a percentage of the area being studied.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > plants collectively > [noun] > covering the surface of the ground
sheet1793
screef1817
ground cover1900
plant cover1906
cover1909
1909 Cent. Dict. Suppl. s.v. Forest cover, in forestry, all trees and other plants in a forest.
1932 G. D. Fuller & H. S. Conard tr. J. Braun-Blanquet Plant Sociol. iii. 31 The degree of dominance..is expressed..by the cover, that is, the area covered by the individuals of one species.
1937 Discovery May 140/1 This denudation of forest cover is due to human interference.
1959 J. D. Clark Prehist. Southern Afr. ii. 42 A discontinuous grass cover such as we find in so much of Africa.
1961 H. C. Hanson & E. D. Churchill Plant Community iii. 102 Cover, or specifically herbage cover, signifies primarily the area of ground occupied by the leaves, stems, and inflorescences.
5.
a. Commerce. Funds adequate to cover or meet a liability or secure against contingent loss.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [noun] > collateral security
fond1677
collateral1832
cover1883
1883 Manch. Guardian 17 Oct. 5/1 Warden supplying the necessary cover when losses were reported, in order to avert failure.
1884 Law Rep.: Queen's Bench Div. 13 104 Gledhill deposited the certificate with..his stockbroker, by way of cover or security for all..advances in the course of business.
1893 N.E.D. at Cover Mod. The Shanghai branch remits bills of exchange as cover for its own drafts on London. Having reason to expect a rise in Mexicans he bought £1,000 stock, and deposited £10 as £1 per cent. cover; contrary to expectation the stock declined, and he lost his £10 cover.
b. Adequate insurance against loss, damage, etc.; = coverage n. a.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > [noun]
ensurancea1641
insurance1651
coverage1912
cover1913
1913 G. B. Shaw Let. 15 July in Bernard Shaw & Mrs. P. Campbell (1952) 133 Is that car insured? If not..say you want ‘cover’ at once.
1955 Times 10 May 18/4 The striving to meet a demand for extended insurance cover is not new.
6. See cover v.1 6.
ΚΠ
1842 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm (1851) II. 155 Retaining the horse all night, and offering her a fresh cover in the morning.
II. Utensils for use at table. [After French couvert, (1) ‘the covering or furniture of a Table for the meale of a prince’ (Cotgrave), the cloth, plates, knives, forks, etc. with which a table is covered or laid; (2) the portion of these appropriated to each guest.]
7. The utensils laid for each person's use at table; the plate, napkin, knife, fork, spoon, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > setting table > table utensils > [noun] > a place-setting
covera1612
couvert1768
table setting1844
place setting1950
setting1952
a1612 J. Harington in Nugæ Antiquæ (1779) II. 213 I muste go before the breakfastinge covers are placede.
1705 London Gaz. No. 4116/1 4 large Tables, with 50 Covers each.
1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) vi. 49 Covers were laid for four.
1870 J. R. Lowell My Study Windows 99 We get a card of invitation to a dinner of sixty covers at John Hamock's.

Compounds

C1. Combinations: attributive and appositive. (In sense 2c.)
a.
cover-design n.
ΚΠ
1910 J. London Let. 9 Feb. (1966) 299 I never know what the cover-design of any of my books is going to be until I get advance-copy of the market edition.
1925 D. H. Lawrence Let. 25 Apr. (1962) II. 838 I am sending you a copy of Birds, Beasts and Flowers today... We made the cover-design between us.
1928 S. J. Looker's Booklover's Catal. Jan. 8 A Pomander of Verse, by E. Nesbit, with a cover-design..by Laurence Housman.
1938 R. G. Collingwood Princ. Art v. 84 The magazine and newspaper, where cover-designs, news-items, fiction, and advertisement are steeped in materials of the same kind.
b. (In sense 3d.)
cover-name n.
ΚΠ
1948 Ann. Reg. 1947 350 A new party which called itself ‘National Liberation’ (a ‘cover-name’ for the Communist Party).
1950 A. Koestler in R. Crossman God that Failed 41 I pressed Edgar to let me join a cell where nobody knew me except under my cover-name.
cover-organization n.
ΚΠ
1944 M. Laski Love on Supertax xii. 118 The Black Market which I run..is no more than a cover-organisation for something infinitely more important.
c. (In sense 5.)
cover-money n.
ΚΠ
1909 Daily Chron. 14 Oct. 7/4 The cover money required is temptingly small.
C2.
cover-boat n. (see quot.).
ΚΠ
1884 Pall Mall Budget 22 Aug. 9/1 (Queensland Labour-traffic) The second boat..called the ‘cover’ boat, keeps a short distance outside the surf, in order to cover the retreat of the trading boat.
cover charge n. a charge for service added to the basic charge in a restaurant (cf. sense 7).
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > [noun] > for food, board, or service
pension1696
board-bill1833
table money1841
American plan1848
corkage1884
service charge1889
fixed price1907
service1909
cover charge1921
demi-pension1951
rack rate1976
cakeage1985
1921 Nation (N.Y.) 21 Sept. 320/2 As levied here, the cover charge is a compulsory blanket assessment for nothing in particular; it commonly includes bread and butter.
1933 J. B. Priestley Wonder Hero iv. 147 They..add another ten bob to the cover charge.
1961 P. Ustinov Loser xiii. 291 There's no extra cover charge here. Drinks cost the same at a table.
cover-clay n. a bed of clay covering the strata of a quarry, mine, etc.
ΚΠ
1789 J. Williams Nat. Hist. Mineral Kingdom (1810) 146 In some places this species of compounded cover-clay contains specimens of all the strata found in the neighbourhood.
cover crop n. a crop (often leguminous) sown to protect the soil or to enrich it by being ploughed under.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] > other crops
fleece1513
white crop1743
green crop1744
root crop1772
row crop1776
robber1777
mix-grass1778
breaking-crop1808
industrial crop1818
foliage crop1831
kharifa1836
scourge-crop1842
overcrop1858
by-crop1880
coppice-with-standards1882
sewage grass1888
trap-crop1899
cleaning crop1900
nurse crop1907
cover crop1909
smother crop1920
stoop crop1928
snatch crop1937
break crop1967
wholecrop1968
1909 Cent. Dict. Suppl. at Crop Cover crop.
1926 Contemp. Rev. Dec. 765 The humble covercrops of purple vetch and millelotus clover.
1943 J. S. Huxley TVA vi. 28 The prevention of erosion on arable land by new methods such as contour ploughing, or new cover-crop plants.
cover-day n. a day on which the covers are shot over for game.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting time > [noun]
seasona1425
grease-season?a1562
grease-time?a1562
game season1783
open season1846
cover-day1902
1902 Daily Chron. 22 Aug. 9/6 Only outlying birds are shot before the big ‘cover days’ of November, December, and January.
cover-drive v. Cricket
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > bat [verb (intransitive)] > types of stroke
chop1776
mow1844
crump1850
poke1851
cut1857
swipe1857
glance1898
glide1899
cart1903
nibble1926
on-drive1930
slash1955
cover-drive1960
push1963
1960 J. Fingleton Four Chukkas to Austral. 135 He cover-drove Lindwall.
cover-drive n. Cricket a drive (drive n. 8) past cover-point.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > [noun] > types of stroke
long ball1744
nip1752
catch1816
no-hit1827
cut1833
short hit1833
draw1836
drive1836
square hit1837
skylarker1839
skyer1840
skyscraper1842
back-cut1845
bum1845
leg sweep1846
slog1846
square cut1850
driver1851
Harrow drive1851
leg slip1852
poke1853
snick1857
snorter1859
leg stroke1860
smite1861
on-drive1862
bump ball1864
rocketer1864
pull1865
grass trimmer1867
late cut1867
off-drive1867
spoon1871
push1873
push stroke1873
smack1875
Harrow drive1877
pull-stroke1880
leg glance1883
gallery-hit1884
boundary-stroke1887
glide1888
sweep1888
boundary1896
hook1896
leg glide1896
backstroke1897
flick1897
hook stroke1897
cover-drive1898
straight drive1898
square drive1900
edger1905
pull-drive1905
slash1906
placing stroke1907
push drive1912
block shot1915
if-shot1920
placing shot1921
cow-shot1922
mow1925
Chinese cut1937
haymaker1954
hoick1954
perhapser1954
air shot1956
steepler1959
mishook1961
swish1963
chop-
1898 K. S. Ranjitsinhji With Stoddart's Team (ed. 4) iv. 71 Donnan made some excellent ‘cover’ drives and cuts.
1955 Times 11 July 4/2 Occasionally he produced an exquisitely timed force off his legs or cover drive.
cover-feather n. = covert n. 5.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > feather > [noun] > covering base of large feathers (collective)
covert-feather1575
cover-feather1769
covert1774
coverture1861
1769 J. Wallis Nat. Hist. Northumberland I. ix. 336 The plumage..is white, except the quill and the cover feathers of the wings.
cover-girl n. originally U.S. a young woman whose picture appears on the front cover of a magazine; also attributive; formerly (U.S.) magazine-cover girl.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > [noun] > beautiful thing or person > beautiful person > beautiful woman > cover girl
cover-girl1915
1915 Harper's Weekly 25 Sept. 303 (caption) Unveiling the statue of Charles Dana Gibson at the annual picnic of the magazine cover girls at Lakewood.
1944 Times 12 June 8/2 Cover Girl..is one of those smooth, beautifully coloured ‘musicals’ which Hollywood can manage with such a sure..touch.
1948 C. Isherwood in Penguin New Writing 34 132 On the walls a coloured print of the Virgin and a cover-girl from a U.S. magazine.
1957 W. Camp Prospects of Love 150 Here was a girl who was just as pretty as Lucinda, though not in the same pert, really rather ordinary, literally ‘cover girl’ sort of way.
cover-glass n. a glass used as a cover, spec. a slip of glass used to cover a microscopical preparation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > magnification or magnifying instruments > [noun] > microscope > cover slip
cover-slip1875
cover-glass1881
1881 Darwin in Life & Lett. (1887) III. 347 If slices of root under a cover-glass are irrigated.
1883 Med. News IV. 163 Place a drop of Canada-balsam on the cover-glass and mount carefully.
cover-hack n. a horse for riding to the ‘meet’, or to the cover, where he is exchanged for the hunter.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > used in hunting > in particular aspects of
stalking-horse1519
cover-hack1788
second horse1827
1788 Morning Post 24 Oct. (advt.) Amongst them is a brown gelding six years old, which has been used as a cover hack.
1841 J. T. J. Hewlett Parish Clerk I. 228 Six hunters and two cover-hacks.
1859 J. S. Rarey Art of taming Horses (new ed.) viii. 132 A cover or country hack must be fast, but need not be so showy in action or handsome as a town hack.
cover-hole n. a hole provided with a lid or cover.
ΚΠ
1669 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 4 1066 Houses..open up to the thatch with a Cover-hole or two to vent the steam of the panns.
cover note n. (see quot. 1919); also, a note which declares the holder to have a current insurance policy.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > [noun] > insurance policy > clause, document, or part of policy
slip1816
suicide clause1826
suing and labouring clause1864
pink slip1901
cover letter1906
cover note1919
green card1955
satisfaction note1971
1919 W. Thomson Dict. Banking (ed. 2) 178/2 Cover note, a note issued by an insurance company when the first premium has been paid declaring (e.g., in a proposal for insurance against fire) that the proposer is ‘covered’ in the meantime until the policy is issued.
1966 B. Kimenye Kalasanda Revisited 105 The insurance expired four days ago, and since I was away there isn't even a cover note.
cover-pan n. a pan having a cover.
cover paper n. strong paper suitable for the covers of pamphlets, booklets, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > [noun] > paper for cover of books or pamphlets
cover paper1866
Linson1948
1866 J. Blackwood Let. 21 Dec. in ‘G. Eliot’ Lett. (1956) IV. 323 Coverpaper Binding and Sewing the Parts.
1914 E. A. Dawe Paper xvii. 119 Cover Papers.— The term is applied to a large class of fancy papers, made in many shades, substances and sizes, suitable for the covers of pamphlets, booklets, [etc.].
cover-plate n. a plate serving as a cover; the removable plate of a lock, a cap-plate or cap.
ΚΠ
1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ii. 26 Place the Cover-plate..so as the Centre of the Cover-plate may stand directly over and against the centre of the Main-plate.
1833 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal II. 194 The cover-plate..which will just cover the opening of the box.
cover-shooting n. shooting (of game) in a cover.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > shooting > [noun] > other types of shooting
night shooting1850
rough-shooting1850
point shooting1857
cover-shooting1864
snap-shooting1872
rough shoot1889
1864 Reader No. 88. 294/3 Better exercise than cover-shooting.
1881 J. Grant Cameronians I. i. 2 I'll have..Cecil Falconer over here, for a few days' cover-shooting.
cover-side n. the side of a fox-cover, where the hunters congregate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting area > [noun] > covert > side of
cover-side1810
1810 Sporting Mag. 36 269 To ride to the cover side and see the fox found.
1882 Gentleman's Ann. 103 More highly esteemed at the cover~side, on the cricket-field and the river.
cover story n. (a) an account of one's actions fabricated to support an assumed identity; (b) originally U.S., in a magazine: a news story that is illustrated or advertised on the front cover.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > journalism > journal > matter of or for journals > [noun] > story > types of
sob story1913
wire story1943
cover story1945
MEGO1977
spoiler1985
1945 G. Millar Maquis i. 11 Have you got your false papers and your cover story?
1948 Time 19 July 6/1 My gratitude and appreciation to the man who wrote the cover story on Hamlet.
1950 L. A. G. Strong Which I Never vii. 195 I have my cover story, a thin one, but it'll do—just.
1954 A. Koestler Invisible Writing xxix. 315 We then worked out a cover story on the following lines.
1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 3 Feb. 35/1 Some editor has decided Time had better invent hockey, which is why the cover story on Hull.
1983 Listener 1 Sept. 2/1 Michael Tracey's cover story, from the Channel 4 programme Opinions, asks what will become of public broadcasting if cable television expands and succeeds.
cover-tread n. the tread of a tyre cover.
ΚΠ
1908 Westm. Gaz. 16 Nov. 5/3 The metal studs are vulcanised into the cover-tread.
cover-way n. ‘the recess or internal angle left in a piece of masonry or brickwork to receive the roofing’ (Gwilt).
ΚΠ
1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder Gloss. 583 Cover-way in roofing.

Draft additions September 2003

cover band n. Music a band (usually a pop group) whose repertoire consists of cover versions rather than original material.
ΚΠ
1981 Sounds 10 Jan. 22/1 But the basic hardware still sounds very different from their own (especially, poor Dave, the synthesisers) lending them the air of a Top of The Pops Stranglers cover band.
2000 F. Minganti in H. Fehrenbach & U. G. Poiger Transactions, Transgressions, Transformations vii. 153 Hundreds of cover bands were born who spread the new sounds across the Italian peninsula.

Draft additions April 2011

cover letter n. (a) Insurance = cover note n. at Compounds 2 (now rare); (b) a letter enclosed with another document, parcel, etc., explaining or describing the contents; = covering letter n. at covering adj. Compounds
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > correspondence > letter > [noun] > covering letter
covering letter1887
cover letter1906
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > [noun] > insurance policy > clause, document, or part of policy
slip1816
suicide clause1826
suing and labouring clause1864
pink slip1901
cover letter1906
cover note1919
green card1955
satisfaction note1971
1906 G. Lisle Forms & Precedents I. 458 Order for fire insurance... Cover Note (Also known as Covering Note and Cover Letter).
1920 Let. 20 Jan. in Decisions War Dept. Board of Contract Adjustment III. iii. 80 Relative to paragraph two in cover letter, you are advised that records of this office show..receipt and shipment of one (1) case.
1985 M. H. Heim & A. W. Bouis tr. V. Aksyonov In Search of Melancholy Baby (1989) vii. 102 The cover letter pointed out..that all attempts by individuals to avoid payment of California taxes have ended in disaster, in other words, the clink.
2010 Grocer Feb. 68/4 If attaching a cover letter, ensure that it is specific to the vacancy and contains information that is not simply a repetition of the CV.

Draft additions September 2003

coverline n. a headline on the front cover of a magazine advertising a story or feature inside.
ΚΠ
1941 N.Y. Times 5 Oct. ix. 4/1 He initiated the incendiary cover line or magazine headline.
1996 Sunday Tel. 4 Feb. 29/1 Today the coverlines of glossy women's magazines share a certain monotony (‘You can survive a sex famine’, ‘One woman, two lovers’, ‘My night with a male hooker’).

Draft additions September 2003

covers band n. Music = cover band n. at Additions.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > instrumentalist > company of instrumentalists > [noun] > small band or pop group
group1927
combination1928
combo1935
skiffle group1953
pop group1963
supergroup1968
rap group1969
garage band1974
hair band1989
popular beat combo1990
covers band1991
1990 Chicago Tribune (Nexis) 30 Mar. (Friday section) p. q The band started as an all-covers band but now performs 14 of its own songs.]
1991 Q Sept. 39 Nor did his first efforts at forming a NWOBHM [= New Wave of British Heavy Metal] covers band strike a chord with the ‘American boneheads’ who answered his Musicians Wanted ads.
1999 Daily News (Taranaki, N.Z.) (Electronic ed.) 30 Sept. Twenty years ago the covers bands held sway, with punters flocking to the pubs to hear their favourite local bands doing versions of the chart hits of the day.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

covern.2

Brit. /ˈkʌvə/, U.S. /ˈkəvər/
Etymology: Anglicized spelling of Welsh cyfair.
Wales.
The ordinary measure of land in South Wales, being ⅔ of an imperial acre.
ΚΠ
1709 London Gaz. No. 4516/4 The Estate..containing 551 Acres, Statute Measure, being 828 Welch Covers.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

covern.3

/ˈkəʊvə/
Etymology: < cove n.1 + -er suffix1.
Cornwall.
One who lives in a cove.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant according to environment > [noun] > dweller beside sea
coast-man1580
maritimea1600
sea-borderer1599
sea-boarder1611
coaster1612
shoreman1650
Paralian1724
Orarian1869
bayman1904
cover1905
1905 Westm. Gaz. 13 Apr. 8/3 This action has been deeply resented by the ‘Covers’, who a short time since removed these obstructions.
1913 A. Quiller-Couch News from Duchy 183 The ‘Covers’, or native fishermen.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online September 2018).

coverv.1

Brit. /ˈkʌvə/, U.S. /ˈkəvər/
Forms: Middle English cuuer-en, Middle English–1500s couer(e, Middle English– cover. Also Middle English covyr(e, covir, Middle English–1500s kever(e, keuer(e, Middle English kouer(e, kyuer(e, cufere, couure, couvre, 1500s couour; also Middle English cure, 1500s cour, 1700s Scottish coor: see cure v.2
Etymology: < Old French cuvr-ir, covr-ir, later couvr-ir = Provençal cobrir, cubrir, Spanish cubrir, Italian coprire < Latin cooperīre, < co- = com- intensive + operīre to cover, cover up, conceal. The Old French stressed form cuevre, queuvre, of the present singular gave the English variant kever, kiver, still extensively used in the dialects.
I. To place a covering over, and related uses.
1. transitive. To put or lay something over (an object), with the effect of hiding from view, protecting, or enclosing; to overlay, overspread with.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > cover [verb (transitive)]
beteec893
wryOE
heelOE
hilla1240
forhilla1300
covera1400
curea1400
covertc1420
paviliona1509
overdeck1509
heild?a1513
deck?1521
overhale1568
line1572
skin1618
operculate1623
endue1644
theek1667
to do over1700
sheugh1755
occlude1879
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3678 Wit a rugh skin sco hidd his hals And couerd þar-wit his hands als.
14.. Early Eng. Misc. (Warton Club) 68 Kever the rotes aȝene with same erthe.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 9616 Priam a prise towmbe prestly gart make, And the bodyes..buried þerin..Couert hom clanly, closet hom togedur.
1582 J. Hester tr. L. Fioravanti Compend. Rationall Secretes iii. xxxiii. 47 Put it into a greate Tubbe, and keeuer it with water.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii.viii. sig. T4 Where finding life not yet dislodged quight, He much reioyst, and courd it tenderly.
1669 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense (ed. 3) 41 Cover with dry straw..your young exposed Ever-greens.
1753 Extracts Trial J. Stewart in Scots Mag. June 291/2 The people..were covering potatoes.
1800 tr. E. J. B. Bouillon-Lagrange Man. Course Chem. I. 410 Cover the whole with a stratum of charcoal.
2. To put a covering of some specified kind on.The addition or accession of the covering, rather than the condition of the object covered, is the prominent notion.
a. To put a cover or lid upon (a vessel, etc.), or over (its contents); also to overlay (a pie or the like) with paste.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > cover [verb (transitive)] > put a cover on
lid?c1225
cover1382
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > a receptacle > with a lid
lid?c1225
cover1382
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Exod. xxi. 33 If eny man open a cystern..and not couerith it, and oxe or asse fal into it.
c1430 Two Cookery-bks. 45 Keuere þin cofyns with þe same past.
c1430 Two Cookery-bks. 52 Kyuere hym [þe Lampray] fayre with a lede.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 26 To couer euery pot with one couer.
a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 76 They [sc. coffins] had been at first cover'd with handsome lids.
1853 A. Soyer Pantropheon 63 Cover the saucepan for an instant, uncover, and serve.
b. To put a roof upon or over; to roof. Obsolete (but see to cover in at Phrasal verbs).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > build or provide with specific parts [verb (transitive)] > roof
heela1387
theek1387
cover1393
roofc1425
uphead1519
shedc1600
close1659
oversail1673
hovel1688
to cover in1726
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. iv. 64 Ich shal keuery ȝoure kirke and ȝoure cloistre maken.
1482 W. Caxton Trevisa's Higden (1527) xli. 42 b Brent tyle to covere [1387 Trevisa hele] with houses and chirches.
1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 116 Their houses..are.. covered with straw or reed.
1642 tr. J. Perkins Profitable Bk. x. §666. 286 To cover the house of another stranger.
1734 G. Sale Preliminary Disc. i. 5 in tr. Koran Covered with a cupola.
c. To put a surface layer of something on for ornament or use; to overlay, overspread with.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > coating or covering with a layer > coat or cover with a layer [verb (transitive)]
lay?a1366
overlaya1400
coverc1400
sheeta1616
glidder1631
candy1639
face1648
to do over1700
coat1753
candify1777
bed1839
to lay down1839
overcoat1861
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xxi. 94 Þe walles within er couerd with plates of gold.
1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors iii. f. 31 The sea Calfe is neuer hurt with lyghtening, wherfore the Emperoures tentes, were wonte to be couered with their skinnes.
1665 S. Pepys Diary 21 Sept. (1972) VI. 235 Most of the house is covered..with Lead and gilded.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. iii. 29 Pines..covered with the freshly-fallen snow.
1872 E. Peacock Mabel Heron I. viii. 132 The roof was covered with wooden shingles.
d. To spread a cloth or the like over the upper surface of (a table); esp. in preparation for a meal, to lay the cloth. Often absol.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > setting table > [verb (transitive)]
layc1300
spreadc1300
setc1386
servec1405
cover1563
to lay in1788
lie1809
fix1842
1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 84 Quhy couer ȝe ȝour table with a quhyte clayth at ȝour communioun?
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 290 When the houre of Supper was come, and the tables couered.
a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. F2 To couer courtly for a king.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. v. 54 Bid them couer the table. View more context for this quotation
1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures lxxix. 320 Having caused a table to be covered for us, and on it placed store of excellent good meat.
1877 R. J. More Under Balkans A low stool covered by a handkerchief, on which were placed the religious books.
e. To overspread with something which marks or occupies the whole surface; to strew with.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > cover [verb (transitive)] > spread or draw over (a thing) as covering for > bespread or cover with
wryc950
bredeOE
bridgeOE
bespreadc1275
couchc1330
spreadc1330
cover1382
overspreadc1385
overlaya1400
overcast1440
to draw overc1450
ramplish1494
to lay over1535
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Ezek. xxiv. 7 He shedde it not out vpon erthe, that it may be keuered with dust.
c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 22 The thorne is sharp kevered with fresshe colours.
1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures i. 2 Our bodies covered..with the stripes of the lashes.
1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures lxviii. 276 Covered all over with pearls, and chains.
1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 829 Gardens, fields and plains Were cover'd with the pest.
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People ii. §1. 60 Art and literature covered England with great buildings and busy schools.
1875 W. S. Jevons Money (1878) 58 The whole surface could not be covered with a design.
f. to cover his feet (a Hebraism): to ease himself. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > defecation or urination > defecation > [verb (intransitive)]
dritea1000
to do one's filthheadc1300
shit?c1335
to go to siegec1400
scumbera1425
cack1436
to do one's easementa1438
to ease nature, ease oneselfc1440
skite1449
to do of one's needingsc1475
fen1486
dung1508
spurge1530
to cover his feet1535
lask1540
stool1540
to exonerate nature1542
file1564
fiant1575
cucka1605
wray1620
exonerate1631
excrement1632
to do one's ease1645
sir-reverence1665
excrementizec1670
nest1679
poop1689
move1699
defecate1837
crap1874
mire1918
to make a mess1928
mess1937
to go poo-poo (also poo-poos)1960
potty1972
to do a whoopsie (or whoopsies)1973
pooh1975
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Sam. xxiv. 3 There was a caue, and Saul wente in to couer his fete.
1560 Bible (Geneva) Judges iii. 24 Surely he doeth his easement [margin] he couereth his feete.
1611 Bible (King James) Judges iii. 24 Surely he couereth his feet in his Summer chamber. View more context for this quotation
g. Calico-printing. To print over with a pattern, etc. (Cf. cover n.1 1c.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > treat or process textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > print
print1588
cover1874
1874 W. Crookes Pract. Handbk. Dyeing 564 The piece is then printed over—technically called ‘covered’—with a fine pattern, in purple or light chocolate, and dyed up with madder.
1874 W. Crookes Pract. Handbk. Dyeing 578 The pieces are then ‘covered’ with iron liquor..to produce the small design in dark purple.
h. To affix the covering of cloth, leather, or other material on the boards of (a book) in binding.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > book > manufacture or production of books > book-binding > bind [verb (transitive)] > fix covering on boards
cover1836
1836 L. Hebert Engin. & Mech. Encycl. I. 226 The book is then ready for covering, with leather, if to be whole bound.
1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 43/2 The materials used for covering are very various; but for the greater part of modern books calf-skin dyed of various colours is employed.
i. To put a temporary cover of paper or other material on (a book) in order to protect it.
ΚΠ
1888 Mrs. H. Ward Robert Elsmere xv Rose..covering a parish library book the while in a way which made Catherine's finger itch to take it from her.
j. To make a cover version (cover n.1 1f) of (a song, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > perform (music) [verb (transitive)] > cover
cover1965
1965 L. Huntley Lang. Music Business 90 A phonograph record company is said to cover the recording of another phonograph record company when it releases a competitive recording of the same song.
1975 R. S. Denisoff Solid Gold i. 10 Many acts popular in MOR..have made it a practice to ‘cover’ or copy the current hits in their more traditional styles.
1977 Chapple & Garofalo Rock'n'Roll is here to Stay ii. 238 Mercury's Georgia Gibbs covered Etta James' ‘Wallflower’ with a cleaned up version called ‘Dance with Me Henry’.
3.
a. To clothe (the body); to wrap, wrap up, invest, envelop.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)]
wrya901
clothec950
shride971
aturnc1220
begoa1225
array1297
graith1297
agraithc1300
geara1325
cleadc1325
adightc1330
apparel1362
back1362
shape1362
attirea1375
parela1375
tirea1375
rayc1390
addressa1393
coverc1394
aguisea1400
scredea1400
shrouda1400
bedightc1400
buskc1400
harnessc1400
hatterc1400
revesta1449
able1449
dressa1450
reparel?c1450
adub?1473
endue?a1475
afaite1484
revestera1500
beclothe1509
trimc1516
riga1535
invest1540
vesture1555
suit1577
clad1579
investure1582
vest1582
deck1587
habit1594
to make ready1596
caparison1597
skin1601
shadow1608
garment1614
riga1625
raiment1656
garb1673
equip1695
to fit out1722
encase1725
tog1793
trick1821
to fig out1825
enclothe1832
toilet1842
to get up1858
habilitate1885
tailor1885
kit1919
c1394 P. Pl. Crede 116 Cloþ to coveren wiþ our bones.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 25465 Ne palle to couer mi bane.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 125/1 Yu haddest pite of my nakidnesse. For whan I was a cold thou couerdest me.
?c1510 tr. Newe Landes & People founde by Kynge of Portyngale sig. Aiv Ledder to kyuer theyr members with.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 5530 He was..couert as a capull all the corse ouer.
1611 Bible (King James) Isa. xxxvii. 1 Hee..couered himselfe with sackecloth. View more context for this quotation
1611 Bible (King James) Ezek. xvi. 10 I couered thee with silke. View more context for this quotation
1674 A. Cremer tr. J. Scheffer Hist. Lapland xvii. 90 They cover themselves in the Summer with blankets.
b. figurative and transferred.
ΚΠ
1382 J. Wyclif Psalms cviii[i]. 29 Be thei couered as with a double mantil with ther confusion.
1611 Bible (King James) Psalms cix. 29 Let them couer them selues with their owne confusion, as with a mantle. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 267 Heav'ns all-ruling Sire..with the Majesty of darkness round Covers his Throne.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones II. vi. viii. 280 She stood..covered with Confusion. View more context for this quotation
1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 79 You..cover yourselves with the renown of a good name.
4. to cover (one's head): to put on or wear one's hat or other head-covering; spec. after it has been taken off as a mark of reverence or respect; also to be covered, and absol. to cover.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > [verb (intransitive)] > in specific way > types of
to cover (one's head)c1340
scrub1590
wimple1591
sag1592
to go thina1610
to be covered1611
rustlea1616
to keep on1621
veil1714
to shake (have) a cloth in the wind1834
smock-frock1840
pad1873
tighten1896
tight-lace1898
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (intransitive)] > in specific way > in specific clothing
to cover (one's head)c1340
boot1600
to be covered1611
to put on1611
robea1626
cloak1774
wrap1847
tuck1888
gown1896
flannel1919
to suit up1927
to dress down1941
c1340 R. Rolle Prose Treat. 27 It es no wyrchipe to Godd for to couer His heuede and leue His body bare.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 207/1 Thy veyl or keuerchief wyth whiche thou kouerst thy hede.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 499/1 Cover your heed.
1611 Bible (King James) 1 Cor. xi. 6 If the woman be not couered, let her also bee shorne. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) v. i. 16 Good eu'n gentle friend. Couer thy head..Nay prethee bee couer'd [printed eouer'd] . View more context for this quotation
a1641 J. Finett Philoxenis (1656) 194 Whether he would now, at his leave taking, cover in presence of her Majesty.
1667 S. Pepys Diary 4 July (1974) VIII. 319 Here I stood bare, not challenging..to be covered.
1800 in Ld. Nelson Dispatches & Lett. (1846) VII. p. cxcvii The Order has the particular privilege of being covered in the King's presence.
5.
a. Said of the instrument: To lie or be over (an object) so as to hide, protect, or enclose it; to serve as a covering to.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > cover [verb (transitive)] > form or act as covering for
bredeOE
thatchc1000
wryOE
umhilla1340
coverc1340
curea1400
overmantle1591
obduct1623
overface1632
obduce1657
cap1735
c1340 Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (E.E.T.S.) xliii[i]. 21 Shadew of deþ couered vs.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9998 Þe colur..þat cuuers al abute þe wal..es rede.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xix. 70 The nyght obscure couereth the landes.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. CCCiiiv The rofe that couereth al, is the theologicall vertue, hope.
1611 Bible (King James) Exod. xl. 34 A cloud couered the Tent of the Congregation. View more context for this quotation
1772 J. Adams tr. A. de Ulloa Voy. S. Amer. (ed. 3) I. 76 The shell which covers the coco nut.
c1820 P. B. Shelley Fugitives viii One boat-cloak did cover The loved and the lover.
1823 F. Clissold Narr. Ascent Mont Blanc 16 A smooth broad sheet of ice covered the whole of the declivity.
1883 ‘G. Lloyd’ Ebb & Flow II. xxv. 82 Dreary swamps cover what was once the city of Classis.
b. Said of garments and the like.
ΚΠ
1401 in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1859) II. 71 The scapelarie also that kevereth the schuldris.
1533 T. More Apol. xxii, in Wks. 882 Clothes that shal only kever them and not kepe them warme.
1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets xxii. sig. Cv All that beauty that doth couer thee, Is but the seemely rayment of my heart. View more context for this quotation
1674 A. Cremer tr. J. Scheffer Hist. Lapland xvii. 88 A cap which..covers part of their shoulders.
c. To extend or abound thickly over the face of; to occupy the entire surface of; to strew, occupy.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > presence > fact of taking up space > take up (space or a place) [verb (transitive)] > completely > a surface
cover1382
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Num. xxii. 5 A peple..that couereth the vttermoost of the erthe.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 5931 Frogges þat no tonge coude tel..Al þe erþe þei couered so.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lviii. 201 The feldes were coueryd with deed men.
1611 Bible (King James) Exod. viii. 6 Frogges came vp, and couered the land of Egypt. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 312 So thick bestrown..lay these, covering the Flood. View more context for this quotation
1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. iv. iii. 97 The bands..then covering the upper provinces of Hindustan.
1872 J. Yeats Growth Commerce 31 Phœnician and Greek vessels covered the eastern Mediterranean.
d. To enclose as an envelope. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1762 in J. Hancock His Bk. (1898) 13 This is chiefly to cover you the Inclos'd Letter from Mr. Willm Bowes.
1776 A. Adams in J. Adams & A. Adams Familiar Lett. (1876) 179 I wrote you two letters..which were both covered together.
1801 in Ld. Nelson Dispatches & Lett. (1845) IV. 364 Your Excellency's letter..covering two letters from Lord Carysfort.
e. figurative.
ΚΠ
1819 P. B. Shelley Cenci ii. ii. 31 Words are but holy as the deeds they cover.
6.
a. Of a stallion: To copulate with (the mare); rarely of other animals. Also absol. and causally.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > sexual organs and reproduction > [verb (transitive)] > copulate with
entera1425
alignc1425
line1495
cover1535
serve1577
befilth1593
topa1616
back1658
strenea1728
mate1932
service1947
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by gender or age > [verb (transitive)] > serve mares (of stallion)
horsec1420
cover1535
sally1693
1535 Act 27 Hen. VIII c. 6 §1 Horses and nagges..to couour mares and felys of very small stature.
1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie xvii. 42 [The stag] which hath the mastrie..casting himselfe with a full leape vpon the Hynde to couer hir.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 126 [The Ass] must not be lesse then three yeeres olde when he couereth your Mares.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) i. i. 113 Youle haue your daughter couered with a Barbary horse. View more context for this quotation
1632 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 4) iii. ii. v. v. 579 Like that generous mare..she was Contented at last to be Couered by an asse.
1704 J. Swift Disc. Mech. Operat. Spirit ii, in Tale of Tub 312 The Persian Beast acquired his Faculty, by covering a Mare the Day before.
1790 R. Beilby & T. Bewick Gen. Hist. Quadrupeds 5 Eclipse..now covers by subscription forty mares at thirty guineas each.
1810 Sporting Mag. 36 60 A stallion..[which] covers this season at Dringhouses.
1842 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm (1851) II. 155 Covering her with another horse, or another kind of horse.
1859 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. V. 567/1 A bitch which had never been covered.
b. Of a bird: To sit upon (eggs). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > egg > [verb (transitive)] > brood over
hove1399
broodc1440
cover1607
hurkle1640
hover1789
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 185 Egs couered by the hen.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 128. ¶3 Whilst the Hen is covering her Eggs.
7.
a. To place a coin, etc. of equal value upon another, as in wagering.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > payment > contribution > contribute [verb (transitive)] > place coin of equal value on
cover1857
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > gamble at a game [verb (transitive)] > stake something in game > put stake of equal value upon
cover1857
1857 G. Borrow Romany Rye II. xiii. 193 ‘This is slow work,’ said Jack, banging down a guinea on the table; ‘can you cover that, old fellow?’
1862 A. Trollope Orley Farm II. xxvii. 213 I'll put that [ten-pound note] in John Kenneby's hands, and do you cover it.
1893 N.E.D. at Cover Mod. We must do something to help him. I will give a sovereign if you will cover it.
b. To play a card of higher value upon (one already played).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > play a card [verb (transitive)] > actions or tactics
to hold up?1499
decardc1555
to turn up1580
discard1591
pulla1625
to sit out1659
face1674
to make out1680
to lay out1687
to throw away1707
lead1739
weaken1742
carry1744
to take in1744
force1746
to show down1768
throw1866
blank1884
block1884
cover1885
unblock1885
pitch1890
1885 R. A. Proctor How to play Whist ii. 34 If a high card is led, and you hold a higher..it is generally best to cover.
1885 R. A. Proctor How to play Whist ii. 35 When King is led, second player, if he holds Ace, puts it on (‘covers’, is the technical expression).
II. To protect, screen, etc.
8.
a. To shield, protect, shelter. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > seek (refuge) [verb (transitive)] > shelter
wrench?c1225
covera1275
herda1300
lown1487
scug1513
subumber1543
becalm1559
embower1580
ensconce1594
sconce1598
screen1611
burrow1657
lew1664
embosom1685
a1275 Prov. Ælfred 595 in Old Eng. Misc. 135 Þe woke gume þu coveren.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 1798 Was nan fra dede þat mith him couer.
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xxi. 97 A grete target, with whilk þai couer all þaire body.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 90 They brought him into a seller..and so couered him from the people.
1602 R. Boyle Diary (1887) 2nd Ser. I. 41 Tyrrell..to cover his estates he maketh semblance to come to submission.
1678 tr. L. de Gaya Art of War ii. 112 Parapet, a casting up of Earth to cover the Defender.
1684 Scanderbeg Redivivus v. 120 That he Commanded the Tartars to keep near him to cover his March.
1734 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. I. 259 Conveyed to his camp by a body of troopers, who covered him with their arms and bodies.
1841 T. B. Macaulay in G. O. Trevelyan Life & Lett. Macaulay (1876) II. ix. 130 Any measure which he chooses to cover with his authority.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 236 Leake..exposed his frigate to cover the merchantmen.
1887 A. B. Ellis Tshi-speaking Peoples xvi. 230 The swamp..is..inhabited by a powerful god who covers the approach to the capital.
b. Said also of the material instrument: To serve as a defence, protection, or shelter to; spec. a fortress, or its guns, are said to cover the territory within their range. Also figurative; cf. command v. 14a.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > defence > defend [verb (transitive)] > give defensive support to
succour1297
cover1741
c1420 Anturs of Arth. xli He keruet of the cantel that couurt the knyȝte.
c1449 in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1859) II. 221 Our welevette hatte..keueryd us from mony stormys browne.
1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 75 b A Port..covered with some high steep hill, that may..serve as a land-mark for the Sailors.
1741 J. Seacome Memoirs 110 Cannon..to Cover the Ships in the Harbour.
1759 Ann. Reg. 1758 55 Some woods..which covered their retreat.
1838–43 T. Arnold Hist. Rome II. xxiv. 537 High ground, covered in front by the deep bed of the Anio.
c. Said of a ship's flag, and papers; of a law, constitution, etc.
ΚΠ
1786 Ld. Nelson in Dispatches & Lett. (1844) I. 180 She was an American Vessel, although covered by British Papers.
1788 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) II. 470 Such a constitution..as will..cover its friends, and make its enemies tremble.
1835 A. Alison Hist. Europe during French Revol. IV. xxxii. 456 That the flag should cover the merchandise.
d. to cover a siege, etc.: to protect the besieging army from attack.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > defence > defend [verb (transitive)] > screen or shelter from attack
shadow1489
to stop a gap1535
shelter1667
to cover a siege1693
screen1870
1693 tr. J. Le Clerc Mem. Count Teckely ii. 162 The King at last consented to stay and cover the Siege.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 404 The siege went on in form: And the King lay with an Army covering it.
1811 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) VII. 620 By which the operation can be covered if it should be possible to continue it, or the siege can be raised if it should be necessary to raise it.
9. To hide or screen from view; to conceal.
a. Said of the agent. to cover the buckle: see buckle n. 1b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > hide, conceal [verb (transitive)]
heeleOE
forhelec888
i-hedec888
dernc893
hidec897
wryOE
behelec1000
behidec1000
bewryc1000
forhidec1000
overheleOE
hilla1250
fealc1325
cover1340
forcover1382
blinda1400
hulsterc1400
overclosec1400
concealc1425
shroud1426
blend1430
close1430
shadow1436
obumber?1440
mufflea1450
alaynec1450
mew?c1450
purloin1461
to keep close?1471
oversilec1478
bewrap1481
supprime1490
occulta1500
silec1500
smoor1513
shadec1530
skleir1532
oppressa1538
hudder-mudder1544
pretex1548
lap?c1550
absconce1570
to steek away1575
couch1577
recondite1578
huddle1581
mew1581
enshrine1582
enshroud1582
mask1582
veil1582
abscondc1586
smotherc1592
blot1593
sheathe1594
immask1595
secret1595
bemist1598
palliate1598
hoodwinka1600
overmaska1600
hugger1600
obscure1600
upwrap1600
undisclose1601
disguise1605
screen1611
underfold1612
huke1613
eclipsea1616
encavea1616
ensconcea1616
obscurify1622
cloud1623
inmewa1625
beclouda1631
pretext1634
covert1647
sconce1652
tapisa1660
shun1661
sneak1701
overlay1719
secrete1741
blank1764
submerge1796
slur1813
wrap1817
buttress1820
stifle1820
disidentify1845
to stick away1900
1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 2408 Nathyng here swa covered and hydde Þat sal noght þan be shewed and kydde.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 2046 A mantil fra his neck he toke..And him [sc. Noah] þar wid couerid þai.
a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) l. 129 Gret olyvys..Coverd in levys smale.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 499/2 I covered me behynde yonder hangyng and herde all their counsayle.
1611 Bible (King James) Matt. x. 26 There is nothing couered, that shall not be reueiled. View more context for this quotation
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 92 Lead me to some solitary Place, And cover my Retreat from Human Race. View more context for this quotation
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. 119 He [sc. the stag] will often cover himself under water, so as to shew nothing but the tip of his nose.
1819 P. B. Shelley Cenci i. iii. 19 Cover thy face from every living eye.
b. To conceal or screen (actions, facts, qualities, and other immaterial objects).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > keep from knowledge [verb (transitive)]
heeleOE
dernc893
mitheeOE
wryOE
buryc1175
hidec1200
dilla1300
laina1375
keepa1382
wrapa1382
cover1382
conceala1393
curea1400
shroud1412
veilc1460
smorec1480
cele1484
suppress1533
wrap1560
smoulder1571
squat1577
muffle1582
estrange1611
screen1621
lock1646
umbrage1675
reserve1719
restrict1802
hugger-mugger1803
mask1841
ward1881
thimblerig1899
marzipan1974
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 2 Esdras iv. 5 Ne couere thou the wickenesse of hem.
c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame 275 Ther may be vnder godelyhede Keuered many a shrewde vice.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) xliii. 83 He made no semblaunt therof, as he that wel coude couure his courage.
1599 A. Day Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) To Rdr. sig. A3v If..you..find any thing blame worthy, couer it I pray you..with the vaile of your courtesie.
1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 249 With great care they will cover their losses.
1736 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. IX. 68 They covered their voyage with the pretext of ransoming prisoners.
1883 ‘G. Lloyd’ Ebb & Flow II. xxxiv. 268 Frank laughed to cover his anxiety.
c. Said also of the instrument.
ΚΠ
1601 Bp. W. Barlow Serm. Paules Crosse Martij 1600 34 Would to God the same earth..could also cover the sinne.
1621 Knolles's Gen. Hist. Turkes (ed. 3) 1358 By reason of a little mountain that couered them.
1773 F. Burney Early Jrnls. & Lett. (1988) I. 236 His Voice is so sweet, that it wants no Instruments to cover it.
a1843 R. Southey Vision Maid of Orleans 265 That thou shalt wish The earth might cover thee.
10.
a. Of a pickpocket's confederate: To screen the operations of (a principal).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > picking pockets > pick pockets [verb (transitive)] > distract from or screen pickpocket
stall1592
to give (a person) gammon1717
cover1819
1819 J. H. Vaux Memoirs I. xii. 140 He only required me and the third man to cover him.
1858 Glasgow Gaz. 13 Nov. (Farmer) I saw Merritt..thrust his hand into the pocket..Jordan and O'Brien were covering Merritt.
1859 G. A. Sala Twice round Clock (1861) 422 He had missed the confederate who usually ‘covered’ him.
b. To shield from legal penalties.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > protect or defend [verb (transitive)] > from legal penalties
cover1888
1888 Lancet 8 Aug. 297/2 He holds in his own name the appointment of a surgeon..He covers himself by employing a qualified assistant..to sign certificates.
1888 Lancet 8 Aug. 297/2 Cover Assistant.—A qualified man ‘covering’ one unqualified at a distance of six or seven miles lays himself open to censure by the Medical Council.
11. to cover (with a gun, pistol, etc.): to present a gun or pistol at (something) so as to have it directly in the line of fire; to aim directly at.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > direction > direct [verb (transitive)] > aim at
mete1598
rove1598
levy1618
mean1633
to cover (with a gun, pistol, etc.)1693
to draw a bead upon1831
target1837
sight1871
bead1888
1693 W. Congreve Old Batchelour i. i. 5 'Tis his diversion to Set, 'tis mine to Cover the Partridge.
1830 Chron. in Ann. Reg. (1831) 138/1 He [a duellist] levelled his pistol, and covered Mr. O'Grady for a few seconds.
1888 Cent. Mag. 36 40/1 I covered him with the rifle and made him move off.
12. Military. To stand in line with from a point of sight or of attention.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > formation > form (line, column, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > stand in line with
cover1796
to form on1799
1796 Instr. & Regulations Cavalry 9 That those several leaders may the more accurately and easily cover each other, when the march is in a straight alignement.
1853 J. H. Stocqueler Mil. Encycl. 75/2 To cover..to stand in such a position in file, that when [a man] looks exactly forward to the neck of the man who leads him, he cannot see the second man from him.
1859 F. A. Griffiths Artillerist's Man. (1862) 155 The subaltern officers see that both the picket and tent pole numbers [i.e. men] cover correctly.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. (at cited word) In the field exercise and drill of troops, one body is said to cover another exactly in rear of it.
13.
a. Cricket. To take up such a position behind (another man) as to be able to stop the balls missed by him.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > fielding > field [verb (transitive)] > back up or cover
to back up1772
cover1833
1833 J. Nyren Young Cricketer's Tutor 46 Long Field to cover the Middle Wicket and Point..must learn to judge the direction in which the batter..will strike the ball, and..he should be off to meet, or cover it.
1850 ‘Bat’ Cricketer's Man. (rev. ed.) 44 The long-slip is placed to cover the short-slip.
1870 Blaine's Encycl. Rural Sports (rev. ed.) §456 A man to cover the middle-wicket and the point, stands on the off-side of the striker. It is his duty to save those balls that either of the above may have missed.
b. Tennis. To defend by or have within the scope of one's play.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > racket games > lawn tennis > play tennis [verb (transitive)] > defend by play
cover1889
1889 H. W. W. Wilberforce Lawn Tennis xi. 35 The man at the net covers far more of the court.
1907 P. A. Vaile Mod. Lawn Tennis 111 You cannot cover the whole court, and you must go where you have the best chance of meeting the ball.
1920 W. T. Tilden Art of Lawn Tennis 44 Your position should always strive to be such that you can cover the greatest possible area of court without sacrificing safety, since the straight shot is the surest, most dangerous, and must be covered.
c. In various sports, to mark (an opponent) or guard (an area of the field) as a tactic of defence.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of play, actions, or postures > [verb (transitive)] > other actions or types of play
outshoot1545
football1599
pitch1717
make1819
to warm up1868
to draw out1893
bench1898
foot1900
cover1907
cannonball1911
telegraph1913
unsight1923
snap1951
to sit out1955
pike1956
to sit down1956
wrong-foot1960
blindside1968
sit1977
1907 Washington Star 23 Nov. 9/3 The announcement of his selection was taken that Harvard would play a wide open game, relying upon the ends to cover it.
1921 C. D. Daly Amer. Football iv. 67 The remainder of the backfield all move over to cover more securely the ground vacated by the opposite end when he goes through.
1934 Crisler & Wieman Pract. Football xiii. 198 The man-to-man defense, in which each defensive man has a definite assignment to cover a particular opponent.
1950 D. Faurot Football xix. 226 With two men in a pass zone, cover the deeper one.
1972 G. Green Great Moments in Sport: Soccer ii. 37 England's centre-half..was left high and dry, with no one positive to cover.
1981 N.Y. Times 16 Sept. b11/6 Larry Milbourne..broke from his shortstop position to cover second.
14. To take charge of (a class, lesson, etc.) in place of an absent colleague. Also absol. See to cover for at Phrasal verbs).
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > [verb (intransitive)] > cover a class for a colleague
cover1970
society > education > teaching > [verb (transitive)] > cover a class for a colleague
to cover for1968
cover1970
1970 in Fremdsprachen (1973) XVII. 63/2 Thanks are due to colleagues who covered classes at short notice.
1984 Times 12 Dec. 11/5 Yesterday I covered a lesson with a bottom-band, fifth-year class.
1986 Teacher 26 May 8/3 It is one of four authorities..which were taken to court by the NUT for making deductions from teachers' pay for refusing to cover.
III. To extend or stretch over, to pass over.
15.
a. To be extensive enough to include or comprehend; to include within its application or scope; to provide for.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > condition or state of being inclusive > include [verb (transitive)] > include in its scope
comprehendc1386
overlaya1400
sweep1692
cover1793
involve1847
1793 E. Burke Observ. Conduct Minority in Two Lett. Conduct Domestick Parties (1797) 42 Mr. Fox's general principal fully covered all this.
1885 Sir N. Lindley in Law Times Rep. 52 319/2 The words are sufficiently wide to cover them.
1891 Law Times 92 104/2 In cases which are not covered by the statutory provisions of the Divorce Acts.
b. To include, comprise, extend over.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > incorporation or inclusion > incorporate or include [verb (transitive)]
beclipc1230
beshut1340
contain1340
comprehendc1374
continue1377
begripe1393
close1393
incorpor1398
conceive?c1400
includec1475
engrossa1500
complect1523
conclude?1523
employ1528
to take in1534
retain1577
surmise1578
imprehend1590
immerse1605
comprise1651
involve1651
complexa1657
embrace1697
incorporate1824
embody1847
cover1868
1868 W. E. Gladstone Juventus Mundi (1870) iii. 90 The name may be one covering some of the allied contingents.
1885 Manch. Examiner 12 Aug. 5/2 The sixteenth annual report..which covers the year 1884.
c. To report (an event, meeting, etc.) for a newspaper, broadcast, or the like; to attend, investigate, etc., as a reporter. Originally U.S.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > journalism > [verb (transitive)] > report
report1792
cover1893
1893 M. Philips Making of Newsp. 6 [The news editor] has been preparing to ‘cover’ such important events as are ‘in sight’.
1898 Scribner's Mag. May 572/1 One day a cub reporter was sent to cover a meeting of an East Side literary club.
1898 Scribner's Mag. May 581/1 ‘There's good humorous stuff in it,’ he said..‘just your line. Do you care to cover it?’
1898 Westm. Gaz. 3 June 8/1 There was a licensed victuallers' dinner at Aston, and one of the reporting staff was sent to cover it.
1906 N.Y. Evening Post 20 Nov. 8 The Frankfurter Zeitung published a special from Berlin, covering the inaugural lecture of the Roosevelt professor.
1911 E. Ferber Dawn O'Hara vi. 79 I was sent to cover a Socialist meeting in New York.
1928 Strand Mag. 75 84/2 In covering the consecration of Liverpool Cathedral for a broadcast which lasted for about an hour, there were five microphones in use.
1935 W. H. Auden & C. Isherwood Dog beneath Skin i. ii Officially, I'm covering the Danube floods.
1958 Spectator 27 June 827/3 Both BBC and ITV must know where they stand if they wish to cover the election on the same basis as the newspapers do.
1969 New Yorker 29 Mar. 27/3 Once again television had become the event, instead of merely covering it.
d. To photograph the whole of an area from the air.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > action of taking photograph > photograph [verb (transitive)] > from the air
cover1919
1919 C. C. Turner Struggle in Air xv. 205 Thousands of exposures had to be made by scores of pilots who had to ‘cover’ the ground allotted to them.
1958 C. B. Smith Evidence in Camera 35 Large areas of the Siegfried Line were ‘covered’ for the first time.
e. to cover the water: (see quot.).
ΚΠ
1898 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport II. 296/2 A crew is said to cover or clear its water, when stroke dips his oar into the river at a point nearer the winning post than the eddy which was created by No. 2's oar in the previous stroke.
16. To extend over, be co-extensive with, occupy, comprise:
a. a space; also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > extend [verb (transitive)] > extend over > extend over so as to cover
overgroweOE
wryc1275
overtakec1425
overreachc1440
overrun?1440
spread?1567
overcreep1640
cover1874
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People v. §1. 215 His [Chaucer's] tales cover the whole field of mediæval poetry.
1879 G. A. Sala in Daily Tel. 21 July Meux's brewery covers nearly four acres of ground.
1887 C. C. Abbott Waste-land Wanderings vi. 160 This [remark] covers the ground completely.
b. a period of time.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > have duration [verb (transitive)] > reach or extend over a period of time
containc1374
span1624
cover1863
comprise1870
1863 A. P. Stanley Lect. Jewish Church I. xviii. 387 The life..of Samuel covers the whole of this period of perplexity and doubt.
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People ix. §1. 602 The long life of Hobbes covers a memorable space in our history.
c. In other figurative uses, in which it is sometimes combined with other senses. Cf. overtake v.
ΚΠ
1883 Manch. Examiner 6 Nov. 5/4 The work..was found to be more than its existing staff at the ports could cover.
1890 Times (Weekly ed.) 28 Feb. 1/2 The..Loan has been covered many times over by subscriptions.
17. To pass over (ground); to get over, complete, or traverse (a given distance).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > [verb (transitive)] > traverse a distance or ground
runeOE
overcomeOE
meteOE
through-gangOE
passc1300
to pass over ——c1300
overpassc1325
tracec1381
travela1393
traverse?a1400
travelc1400
measure?a1425
walkc1450
go1483
journey1531
peragrate1542
trade1548
overspin1553
overtrace1573
tract1579
progress1587
invade1590
waste1590
wear1596
march1606
void1608
recovera1625
expatiate1627
lustrate1721
do1795
slip1817
cover1818
clear1823
track1823
itinerate1830
betravel1852
to roll off1867
1818 ‘W. H. Scott’ Brit. Field Sports 510 Other racers..loiter on the ground..losing time while they cover space.
1869 E. A. Parkes Man. Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 269 In the same Kaffir war..1000 miles were covered in seventy-one days.
1881 Daily Tel. 4 Apr. Wanted, by manufacturer..Part Services of a Gentleman covering Beds, Berks, Bucks, Herts, and Oxon.
1891 Field 28 Nov. 832/2 The distance covered was close on twenty miles.
18.
a. To be sufficient to defray (a charge, or expense), or to meet (a liability or risk of loss); to counterbalance or compensate (a loss or risk) so as to do away with its incidence; to be or make an adequate provision against (a liability); to protect by insurance or the like.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > payment > pay money or things [verb (transitive)] > pay (a claim, dues, or charge) > be sufficient to
pay1439
cover1828
meet1834
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > insure [verb (transitive)]
insure1635
hedge1672
cover1866
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [verb (transitive)] > use bills of exchange
protest1479
retire1610
imprest1617
to take up1655
honour1664
discount1671
indulge1766
dishonour1811
cover1866
sight1866
protect1884
1828 W. Scott Jrnl. 23 Mar. (1941) 212 This..will prettily cover [the expense of] my London journey.
1866 A. Crump Pract. Treat. Banking v. 132 A promissory note received from a customer and his surety to cover a running balance.
1875 W. S. Jevons Money (1878) 119 A small charge..to cover the trouble and risk.
1884 C. Bowen in Law Times Rep. 19 Apr. 218/1 The bill of sale shall cover..the whole 400l.
1885 Manch. Examiner 15 May 5/7 An obvious saving in time and labour which must go a long way to cover their original cost.
b. absol. To provide cover; to meet the liability incurred in a speculative sale; to insure oneself.
ΚΠ
1870 J. K. Medbery Men & Myst. Wall St. 227 On dividing the assets it was discovered that the Treasurer had used up all the funds in a frantic effort to cover.
1882 Manch. Guard. 18 Oct. 4 The avowed expectation on the part of producers that they will be able to ‘cover’ later on to better advantage.
1884 St. James's Gaz. 15 Mar. 3/2 He can always ‘cover’ in Havre or Paris or Hamburg, where..much English business is already done.
c. to cover short sales, or ‘shorts’ (Stock Exch.): to buy in such stocks as have been sold short (i.e. without being actually held by the seller), in order to meet his engagements on the day of delivery, or to protect himself against loss.
ΚΠ
1878 Fables from N.Y. World 14 Who had realized at the turn of the market, and was now trying to cover his shorts.
1892 Times 23 Aug. 3 The closing was strong, Reading advancing to 30, on covering by the ‘shorts.’
d. to cover into the Treasury (U.S.): to cover or write off the balance in a balance-sheet by a transfer of the amount into the Treasury; hence, to pay into the Treasury.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > payment > pay money or things [verb (transitive)] > pay into the treasury
to cover into the Treasury1868
society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > keep accounts [verb (transitive)] > cancelling due balance or debt
to write off1815
to cover into the Treasury1868
1868 Congr. Globe 17 Feb. 1211/3 These covering warrants..are drawn in this way, and receipted by the Treasurer. And this is technically called covering money into the Treasury.
1884 Harper's Mag. June 53/2 The bribe was ‘covered into the Treasury’.
1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 3 Dec. 7/2 No heirs appeared, and the money was covered in time into the State treasury.
1892 Public Ledger (Philadelphia) 7 Jan. The work was done for $1900 less than the appropriation, and that amount was covered into the State Treasury.

Phrasal verbs

With adverbs and prepositions. to cover for
(a) To cover up for (a wrongdoer): see sense to cover up 4 at Phrasal verbs; (b) to carry out the essential duties of (a fellow employee, esp. a teacher or hospital doctor, absent through sickness, etc.) in addition to one's own job; to act as a substitute for.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > [verb (transitive)] > cover a class for a colleague
to cover for1968
cover1970
society > occupation and work > working > [verb (transitive)] > relieve (a person) at work
spell1595
shift1673
relay1788
to cover for1968
the world > health and disease > healing > art or science of medicine > practice of healing art > practise the healing art [verb (transitive)] > act as substitute for (another doctor)
to cover for1968
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > escape observation [verb (intransitive)] > conceal misdeed
to cover up1942
to cover for1968
1968 S. Bellow in Playboy Jan. 244/1 She said that Zaikas had covered for Isaac, who was a party to the state-hospital scandal.
1976 Times 30 Mar. 4/1 Yesterday the National Union of Teachers extended to Devon and to Oldham, Lancashire, its campaign of refusing to cover for teachers who are absent for more than three days.
1980 A. Newman Mackenzie 294 I'd had to ring Judy from a call-box and ask her to cover for me, just in case.
1985 Times Educ. Suppl. 25 Jan. 1/1 Teachers who refuse to cover for absent colleagues or attend staff meetings are likely to have pay deducted from now on.
to cover in
To complete the covering of (anything) by adding the upper layer or part; to add the roof to a building; to fill in the earth in a grave or excavation. (Also said of the roof, etc.)
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > build or provide with specific parts [verb (transitive)] > roof
heela1387
theek1387
cover1393
roofc1425
uphead1519
shedc1600
close1659
oversail1673
hovel1688
to cover in1726
society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (transitive)] > fill in earth
to cover in1819
back-fill1930
1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 57 a Various methods of covering in a Building.
1762 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy V. iv. 36 The gilded dome which covers in the fabrick.
1819 P. B. Shelley Julian & Maddalo 316 Would the dust Were covered in upon my body now!
1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. v. 50 The little knoll which we cleared away to cover in our storehouse of valuables.
1893 N.E.D. at Cover Mod. The house is fairly dry; it was covered in before the winter.
to cover over
To cover the whole surface of, cover completely, overlay; to cover with anything that overhangs.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > cover [verb (transitive)] > cover over or up
bitheccheOE
bewrya1000
overheleOE
becoverc1325
overcovera1382
overhillc1390
hapc1400
whelvec1440
bield?1507
to cover over1530
obrute1542
overdight1581
whave1674
tile1719
beshroud1847
to cover up1872
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 499/2 Saynt Thomas shrine is covered over with golde.
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iii. 51 Vnder a rock arched, with trees thick coouered ouer.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iv. i. 104 The Deske That's couer'd o're with Turkish Tapistrie. View more context for this quotation
a1776 Lass of Lochroyan v, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1885) II. iii. lxxvi A bonny ship..a' cored o'er with pearl.
to cover up
1. To wrap up so as to conceal; to cover over.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > cover [verb (transitive)] > cover over or up
bitheccheOE
bewrya1000
overheleOE
becoverc1325
overcovera1382
overhillc1390
hapc1400
whelvec1440
bield?1507
to cover over1530
obrute1542
overdight1581
whave1674
tile1719
beshroud1847
to cover up1872
1872 E. Peacock Mabel Heron I. viii. 131 The idea of covering up any portion of the rich garden loam with buildings.
1881 W. M. Thayer From Log Cabin to White House iv Often..feeling cold after having kicked off the bedclothes, he would say in his sleep: ‘Tom, cover me up’.
2. transitive. To conceal (a crime, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > keep from knowledge [verb (transitive)] > cover up
smother1579
to shuffle up1588
smother1589
smooth1592
smooth1592
slobber1630
to hush up1632
slubber1646
smooth1684
sopite1746
shade1785
smug1857
hugger-mugger1862
to cover up1926
1926 G. Hunting Vicarion xi. 189 It was the scenes she'd just looked at in the theater—something she'd done and thought was covered up, but is found out now!
1928 E. O'Neill Strange Interlude iv A distressingly obvious attempt to cover up a chronic state of..guilty conscience.
3. intransitive. Cricket. To protect one's wicket with one's pads or legs from a ball that is turning in.
ΚΠ
1927 M. A. Noble Those ‘Ashes’ 16 The ball must not be pitched outside the leg stump, because the batsman can cover up without danger.
4. intransitive. To conceal a misdeed, deception, etc.; to assist a wrongdoer to escape detection.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > escape observation [verb (intransitive)] > conceal misdeed
to cover up1942
to cover for1968
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > means of concealment > [adjective] > that disguises
disguising1561
cloaking1563
umbratical1662
to cover up1942
1942 L. V. Berrey & M. Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §489/3 Cover (for), cover up (for).., to assist a confederate.
1958 Spectator 15 Aug. 225/1 Real or imaginary names are put to scripts imported from America... British writers are employed at starvation wages to ‘cover up’.
1961 in J. Barzun Delights of Detection 312 A woman who wouldn't commit a murder might be willing to help cover up after it had been committed.
1970 Daily Tel. 21 Oct. 2 Two police constables wrote out their resignation..because they were so sickened at attempts by senior officers to ‘cover up’ for a superintendent involved in a fatal road accident.

Draft additions April 2010

transitive. Mathematics. Of a collection of sets, spaces, etc.: to contain between them all the elements of (a specified entity). Cf. covering n.1 Additions.
ΚΠ
1905 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 204 235 Applying the Tile Theorem to the set of all these tiles, since their points of attachment fill up S, we obtain a finite or countably infinite set of them, covering every point of S.
1939 Amer. Jrnl. Math. 61 665 (title) The number of circles covering a set.
1968 E. T. Copson Metric Spaces vi. 72 It is always possible to choose a finite set of intervals..which also covers the given interval.
1972 M. Kline Math. Thought xliv. 1042 Consider a set E of points..Suppose that it is possible to enclose or cover these points by small subintervals.
2003 Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 131 1965 The space of irrational numbers cannot be covered by less than 2ω many compact subsets.

Draft additions September 2018

1. colloquial (originally U.S.).
a. to cover a person's back: to protect or guard a person against potential attack (sometimes literally from behind); (also) to support or assist a person.Cf. to watch a person's back at back n.1 Additions b, to get (also have) a person's back at back n.1 Additions.
ΚΠ
1959 Grit (Williamsport, Pa.) 5 Apr. (Family section) 12/4 I figgered [sic] you'd have your mind on other things, so I came back and thought I'd cover your back for you without bothering to tell you about it.
1979 E. Torres After Hours xviii. 172 He was a terrific guy, cover your back in a minute.
2017 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 17 June (Insight section) 32 The overwhelming emotion is one of immense gratitude..to the colleagues who gave wise counsel and have covered my back.
b. to cover one's back: to take precautionary measures to protect oneself and avoid future blame, criticism, or liability.Cf. to watch one's back at back n.1 Additions a.
ΚΠ
1974 N.Y. Mag. 18 Feb. 48/1 Some colonel decided that he'd better cover his back just in case.
1996 Independent 17 Jan. (Suppl.) 14/2 Lawyers have to cover their backs all the time by providing good translations.
2013 M. Fuller Working with Bitches xiv. 245 If there are people you can trust at work, alert them that you are going through a tough period, just to cover your back.
2. slang (originally U.S.).
a. to cover one's arse (also ass, etc.): to take precautionary measures to protect oneself and avoid future blame, criticism, or liability; cf. to cover one's back at Additions 1b.Earlier currency of this sense is apparently implied by the abbreviation CYA in quot. 1959.
ΚΠ
1959 W. A. Heflin Aerospace Gloss. 29/1 CYA, ‘Keep your skirts clean’. Pentagon slang.]
1969 Washington Post 18 May (Potomac section) 22/2 Growing heated over what is happening in the Pentagon, over vested interests at large and the men who can think of nothing except to ‘cover their asses’.
1988 D. J. Saari Court & Free-lance Reporter Profession ii. 71 The..tendencies of organizational members to write ‘memos to the file’ in order to cover their behinds.
2002 Weekly World News 8 Jan. 26 Some overcautious companies go way overboard in trying to cover their butts and ward off possible lawsuits.
2014 Fair Disclosure Wire 10 Sept. I kept a pile of liquidity to cover my arse when things got tough.
b. to cover a person's arse (also ass, etc.): to protect or guard a person against potential attack (sometimes literally from behind); (also) to support or assist a person; cf. to cover a person's back at Additions 1a.
ΚΠ
1982 P. Matthews & C. Matthews Empire xiv. 175 Fanti felt that he could relax a little. He could operate without fear from now on, with Will Cole there to cover his ass.
1991 Toronto Star (Nexis) 7 Jan. (Final ed.) (Letter section) a12 Landlords..fully expected their Liberal and Conservative buddies would cover their butts by allowing huge rent increases.
2017 Daily Mirror (Ireland ed.) (Nexis) 23 Oct. 10 They [sc. the bankers] have been running rings around the Government since we wrote them a €64billion cheque to cover their arses when the economy imploded.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

coverv.2

Forms: Middle English couer-en, cover-en. Also Middle English couir, couyr, coouer, ceuer, kuuer, kuver, keurie, keouerie, Middle English keuere(n), kever, Middle English keuyr, kouer; Middle English cowre, cure, 1700s Scottish coor, cowr.
Etymology: In part at least aphetic < acover v. to recover; but reinforced by the cognate Old French covrer, couvrer, to get, acquire = Provençal cobrar, Spanish cobrar, a word which contains the radical part of French recouvrer, Spanish recobrar, Latin recuperāre to regain, recover; cuperare appears also in medieval Latin: compare cuperamentum acquisition, in Du Cange = Old French covrance, couvrance (Godefroy). French influence is evident in the vowel-change in the form kever , the 3rd singular present of couvrer being regularly cuevre , keuvre , as in cover v.1 Numerous examples of the Old French covrer , couvrer are given by Godefroy under combrer . Like cover v.1, this word was sometimes reduced to a monosyllable cowr, cour, coor, especially in Scots.
Obsolete.
1.
a. transitive. To get, gain, obtain, attain.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > acquisition > obtain or acquire [verb (transitive)]
wieldeOE
haveeOE
ofgoOE
oweOE
addlec1175
winc1175
avela1200
to come by ——a1225
covera1250
oughtc1275
reachc1275
hentc1300
purchasec1300
to come to ——c1330
getc1330
pickc1330
chevise1340
fang1340
umbracec1350
chacche1362
perceivea1382
accroacha1393
achievea1393
to come at ——a1393
areach1393
recovera1398
encroach?a1400
chevec1400
enquilec1400
obtainc1422
recurec1425
to take upc1425
acquirea1450
encheve1470
sortise1474
conques?a1500
tain1501
report1508
conquest1513
possess1526
compare1532
cough1550
coff1559
fall1568
reap1581
acquist1592
accrue1594
appurchasec1600
recoil1632
to get at ——1666
to come into ——1672
rise1754
net1765
to fall in for1788
to scare up1846
access1953
a1250 Prov. Ælfred 342 in Old Eng. Misc. 122 Þe mon þe hi [god wymmon] may icheose, and icouere over oþre [v.r. chesen hire from oþere].
c1305 Judas Iscariot 136 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 110 Þat he [Judas] þe teoþing of þulke boxes to him keouerie miȝte.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 964 Tell me..Howgat and wit quatkinthing, I sal couer [Trin. Cambr. gete] þi saghteling.
c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 485 I keuered me a cumfort þat now is caȝt fro me.
1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 49 I had moche leuer to couere a litill blame thenne [etc.].
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 269 An yle, Þat no creature might keuer for course of the see.
b. with infinitive. To attain or get to be.
ΚΠ
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 128 Þat it no schuld neuer kuuere to be king þer as þe kinde eyre.
c. intransitive. To attain, make one's way, get (to, out of).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > [verb (intransitive)]
nimeOE
becomec885
teec888
goeOE
i-goc900
lithec900
wendeOE
i-farec950
yongc950
to wend one's streetOE
fare971
i-wende971
shakeOE
winda1000
meteOE
wendOE
strikec1175
seekc1200
wevec1200
drawa1225
stira1225
glidea1275
kenc1275
movec1275
teemc1275
tightc1275
till1297
chevec1300
strake13..
travelc1300
choosec1320
to choose one's gatea1325
journeyc1330
reachc1330
repairc1330
wisec1330
cairc1340
covera1375
dressa1375
passa1375
tenda1375
puta1382
proceedc1392
doa1400
fanda1400
haunta1400
snya1400
take?a1400
thrilla1400
trace?a1400
trinea1400
fangc1400
to make (also have) resortc1425
to make one's repair (to)c1425
resort1429
ayrec1440
havea1450
speer?c1450
rokec1475
wina1500
hent1508
persevere?1521
pursuec1540
rechec1540
yede1563
bing1567
march1568
to go one's ways1581
groyl1582
yode1587
sally1590
track1590
way1596
frame1609
trickle1629
recur1654
wag1684
fadge1694
haul1802
hike1809
to get around1849
riddle1856
bat1867
biff1923
truck1925
the mind > possession > acquisition > obtain or acquire [verb (intransitive)]
findOE
covera1375
to come therebyc1386
obtain1477
get?1505
draw1755
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > reaching a point or place > reach a point or place [verb (intransitive)]
overtakec1225
covera1375
accede1465
penetrate1530
to get through1589
pervene1589
reach1591
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > succeed or be a success [verb (intransitive)] > achieve success (of persons) > succeed in doing anything
wina1300
covera1375
gaina1375
to prevail to1474
to make shift of1504
attain1523
obtaina1529
frame1545
procure1559
to finish to1594
succeed1839
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 3647 For ouȝt þat here enimys euer worche miȝt. Þei keuered with clene strengþe with him to towne.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 3625 William at last keuered with þe kinges sone out of þe kene prese.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2221 Syþen he keuerez [MS reads keuereȝ] bi a cragge & comeȝ of a hole.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 319 Er moste þou ceuer to oþer counsayl.
c1490 Promptorium Parvulorum 99 Cowryn, or strechynge [v.r. curyn, or astretchyn; P. aretchyn], attingo.
d. to cover up: to get up, succeed in rising.
ΚΠ
c1300 K. Alis. 4269 His hors..keoverid up abowe the flod; And swam to that othir syde.
c1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 5898 Vp he keuered on his fete.
2. transitive. To recover, get back, regain.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > acquisition > obtain or acquire [verb (transitive)] > again or back
acovera1225
covera1300
gain-covera1300
to get againc1380
recovera1387
becoverc1400
recounsel?a1425
recurea1425
win1489
redeem1526
readept1537
rehave1541
recuperate1542
regain1548
reobtain1579
retire1584
reget1585
to get back1587
retrieve1589
reprise1590
reprocure1590
reattain1595
relieve1596
recompassc1604
reacquire1627
reacquist1635
recruit1656
a1300 Cursor Mundi 26034 Samson..couerd siþen his fax.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1240 Wende ghe it [ðe child] coueren neuere-mor.
c1425 Seven Sag. (P.) 357 I scholde covere agayn my syght.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 12949 His cuntre to kouer, & his kid rewme.
3.
a. To recover, restore, relieve (a person, etc. from, of, out of); to heal (a wound).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > heal or cure [verb (transitive)] > restore to health
healc1000
temperc1000
recoverc1330
covera1375
restorec1384
recovera1398
rectifya1400
revert1446
recruita1661
re-establish1664
to set up1686
to bring toa1796
reinstate1810
tinker1823
recuperate1849
to bring about1854
to pick up1857
to fetch round1870
re-edify1897
to pull round1900
the mind > emotion > pleasure > state of being consoled or relieved > be relieved of [verb (transitive)] > console or relieve > relieve of suffering
lighteOE
unbindc950
alightOE
slakea1300
deliverc1325
covera1375
lissec1374
relievea1382
allegea1425
refreshc1430
alighten1530
untaste1609
mitigate1644
disaffright1676
soothe1746
shrive1899
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > treatments uniting or replacing parts > unite or replace parts [verb (transitive)] > unite fractures, wounds, etc. > heal a wound > cause wound to heal over
regendera1400
regenera1400
incarnc1400
overhealc1450
skinc1475
covera1500
incarnate1543
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1521 Ȝour comfort mai him keuere & his sorwe slake.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 15575 Þou sal couer & confort ham þat sitis in sorou.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 2630 Godd sal couer þe of þi care.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1700 [He] cowþe vche kyndam to-kerue & keuer when hym lyked.
c1440 York Myst. xxiv. 199 Þat þus has couered vs of oure care.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xxviii. 574 The kynge delyuered hem leches to couer theire woundes.
b. reflexive. To recover oneself.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > recovery > recover [verb (reflexive)]
covera1400
recover1567
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19705 Saulus him couerd in a stund, þe Iuus fast can he confund.
1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 924 Wald thow conuert the in hy, and couer the of sin.
4. intransitive (for reflexive). To recover (from sickness, fainting, or the like); to regain health; to be restored, to be relieved.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > recovery > recover or be healed [verb (intransitive)]
wholeeOE
botenc1225
cover1297
amendc1325
recovera1375
warisha1386
recovera1387
healc1390
recurec1400
soundc1402
mendc1440
convalesce1483
guarish1489
restore1494
refete?a1505
revert1531
to gather (or pick) up one's crumbs1589
cure1597
recruit1644
to perk upa1656
retrieve1675
to pick up1740
to leave one's bed1742
to sit up and take nourishment1796
to get round1798
to come round1818
to pull through1830
rally1831
to fetch round1870
to mend up1877
to pull round1889
recoup1896
recuperate1897
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 392 Kyng Wyllam keuerede aȝen to hele al to sone.
1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 811 Þan er men in dout..Wethir he sal ever cover agayn.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Heb. xi. 34 Thei keuereden of syknesse.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 8624 Þis child..miht not couer to lijf a-gayn.
c1450 J. Myrc Instr. to Par. Priests 858 Gef that they to lyf keuere.
a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) l. 334 Thus he covyrd owt of care.
1570 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Lekprevik) xi. f. 143v Seuin thousand..Deid on the bent, that cowerit [1488 recoueryt] neuer mair.
1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 37 (Jam.) Say, ye're in love, and but her cannot cowr.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.1c1300n.21709n.31905v.1a1275v.2a1250
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