Creeadj.n.

Brit.

/kriː/, U.S.

/kri/

Inflections: Plural unchanged, Crees.

Forms: 1700s–1800s Cris, 1700s Kris, 1800s Krees (plural), 1700s– Cree.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French Cris.

Etymology: < North American French Cris (1685 as Kris ; now also sometimes Cri ), shortened < †Cristinaux , †Christinaux (1640 as Kiristinon : see note) < Ojibwa (Old Algonquin) Kirištinō < an unattested Cree word of unknown literal meaning. Compare ( < French) English †Cristeens (1706), †Cristinaux (compare quot. 1744), etc.The synonyms with l and n listed in quot. 1809 at sense B. 1 reflect variation in the Ojibwa word (regionally and over time), also reflected in some early French uses. Cree self-designations include nêhiyaw (cognate with Ojibwa (Nipissing) nii’ina(w-) of ours, of our tribe) and ililiw person.

A. adj.

Of, belonging to, or relating to the Cree (sense B. 1) or their language.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of North-Eastern Canada > [adjective]

Cree1744

mountaineer1770

Naskapi1774

Chipewyan1801

Beothuk1842

Montagnais?1847

the mind > language > languages of the world > Amerindian > [adjective] > Algonquian languages

Shawnee1674

Cree1744

Potawatomi1789

Nipissing1793

Miami1804

Algic1827

Beothuk1842

Blackfoot1845

Yurok1851

Passamaquoddy1856

Plains Cree1860

Maliseet1863

Ojibwa1937

1744 A. Dobbs Acct. Countries adjoining Hudson's Bay (caption) (facing p. ii) Cris or Cristinaux N[ation].

1780 in Cumberland & Hudson House Jrnls. 1775–82 (1952) 2nd Ser. XV. 91 At 10 a.m. finished of Trading of furrs and Provisions, with the Cree Indians.

1809 A. Henry Trav. & Adventures Canada ii. xv. 325 Though we conversed with these people in the Cree, or Cristinaux language, which is the usual medium of communication, they were Chepewyans or Rocky Mountain Indians.

1844 J. Howse Gram. Cree Lang. 3 An analytical and grammatical view of the Cree dialect.

1936 D. McCowan Animals Canad. Rockies x. 91 Cree Indian women make use of the pelts.

1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Feb. 3/2 The children, Cree pupils in Grade 3.., wrote stories..that have been collected in book form by the Indian Affairs Branch.

2013 Canad. Jrnl. Sociol. 38 214 The Cree language is in daily use in many if not most households.

B. n.

1. A member of any of several Algonquian peoples living in a large area of central Canada stretching from northern Alberta to north-eastern Ontario and western Quebec.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of North-Eastern Canada > [noun]

mountainer1625

Montagnais1654

mountaineer1703

Cree1760

Mistassini1781

Muskego1785

Red Indian1796

Chipewyan1801

Beothuk1828

red man1842

Naskapi1849

1760 T. Jefferys Nat. & Civil Hist. French Dominions N. & S. Amer. I. 1 (caption) Kris of the Lakes.

1809 A. Henry Trav. & Adventures Canada ii. iv. 214 (note) The same with Kinistinaux, Killistinoes,..Cris, Crees, &c.

1872 G. Hartwig & A. H. Guernsey Polar & Trop. Worlds xxix. 321 Sir George Simpson..visited the hut of a Cree who had been wounded in the conflict at the peace meeting.

1877 L. H. Morgan Anc. Society ii. iv. 116 The dances of the Dakotas, the Crees,..and of the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico, are the same in general character.

1940 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 70 62 Soapstone vessels are distributed from the Cree and Ojibway of Canada down to Florida.

2013 Edmonton (Alberta) Jrnl. (Nexis) 26 Jan. a13 Saganash helped negotiate an important revenue-sharing agreement between the Cree and the Quebec government.

2. Any of the Algonquian dialects of the Cree.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Amerindian > [noun] > northern Amerindian > Algonquian > Cree

Cree1843

Naskapi1946

Wood Cree1958

1843 J. Bird Let. 8 Aug. in J. Howse Gram. Cree Lang. (1844) p. xv The Rev. Mr. Smithurst has, by well studying your Grammar, been enabled to read the Communion Service to the Swampeys, in Cree, a few days ago.

1872 W. F. Butler Great Lone Land viii. 110 Little ones..jabbered the smallest amount of English or French, and a great deal of Ojibbeway, or Cree, or Assineboine.

1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. iv. 72 The Algonquian family..includes the languages of eastern and central Canada (Micmac, Montagnais, Cree).

2007 Wawatay News (Ontario) 8 Mar. 19/1 (advt.) Must speak fluent Oji-Cree or Cree.

Compounds

Cree potato n. North American the prairie turnip, Psoralea esculenta.

ΚΠ

1882 J. Macoun Manitoba & Great North-west xiv. 237 (table) Psoralea..esculenta. Cree Potato. Sandy Prairies.

1922 Amer. Botanist 28 75 The specific name of Psoralea esculenta alludes to its edible properties and among its vernacular names are ‘prairie apple’, ‘prairie turnip’, ‘prairie potato’, ‘Indian bread-root’, ‘Cree potato’, ‘Missouri bread-nut’ and ‘tipsin’ or ‘tipsinna’.

2011 @autumnes_leaves 25 Dec. in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Looking forward to dinner at my sis' place..gotta bake up some corn bread & make some Cree potatoes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† creecriev.¹

Etymology: < French créer (Old French also crier), < Latin creāre to create.

Obsolete. rare.

To create.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)]

creea1400

createc1405

naturate1576

to call into being (also existence)1668

society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > raising to noble rank > ennoble [verb (transitive)] > invest with rank or title

dubc1330

creea1400

create?1457

dignify1570

title1609

titulado1663

insignize1678

a1400–50 Alexander (Ashm.) 3390 Ilka kyng suld him knaw cried [Dubl. MS. create] of þe soile.

a1400–50 Alexander (Ashm.) 4519 He ȝoure nase & ȝoure nebb & all of noȝt cried.

1425 Petit. Earl of Norfolk in Rolls Parl. IV. 274/1 Yt liked to Kynge Rychard ye Seconde..to cree Thomas..into Duc of Norff.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

creev.²

Brit.

/kriː/, U.S.

/kri/

Forms: Also 1600s crey, crede, 1800s creave, creeve.

Etymology: The original form was apparently creve , creeve , < French crever to burst, split, in faire crever le riz , to cause rice to swell with boiling water or steam (Littré). For the reduction to cree , compare Scots preve pree , leve lee , etc. See also creve v.

Chiefly dialect.

1. transitive. To soften (grain) by boiling.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > cook [verb (transitive)] > cook specific food > grain

cree1620

to pop corn1842

1620 G. Markham Farewell to Husb. (1625) 135 Barley..may..be creyed, parcht, or boyled.

1655 W. M. Queens Closet Opened 159 Take Rye and crede it as you do Wheat for Furmity.

1691 J. Ray N. Country Words in Coll. Eng. Words (ed. 2) 18 To Cree, wheat or Barly, &c., to boil it soft.

1846 Gardeners' Chron. 237 To..pour boiling water on the malt would cause it to become solidified or creed.

1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby Creave, or Cree, to pre-boil rice or wheat so as to soften it for cookery purposes..‘Creaving days’, those in the country when creaved wheat is prepared to sell in the town for Christmas frumity.

1888 S. O. Addy Gloss. Words Sheffield Cree.

2. intransitive. To become soft or pulpy by soaking or boiling.

ΚΠ

1863 Mrs. Toogood Specim. Yorks. Dial. This rice is not good, I have boiled it for ten minutes, but it does not creeve.

1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby The sown wheat is said to ‘creave in the ground’ when it swells and bursts from over wet weather, instead of shooting.

3. transitive. To pound or crush into a soft mass. Hence creeing-trough, the ‘knocking-trough’ formerly used for pounding grain.

ΚΠ

1822 T. Bewick Mem. (1862) 13 To ‘cree’ them with a wooden ‘mell’, in a stone trough, till the tops of the whins were beaten to the consistency of soft, wet grass.

1852 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 13 ii. 256 The corn was crushed in the mill, or in the creeing-trough.

1886 Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 360 A fine creeing-trough.

Derivatives

creed adj.

ΚΠ

1876 F. Francis Bk. Angling (ed. 4) i. 29 On the Trent creed-malt is a favourite roach bait.

1890 Lincoln Gaz. 6 Sept. 8/1 [He] secured a nice basket of roach with creed wheat.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

adj.n.1744

v.¹a1400

v.²1620

单词	cree
释义	Creeadj.n. Brit. /kriː/, U.S. /kri/ Inflections: Plural unchanged, Crees. Forms: 1700s–1800s Cris, 1700s Kris, 1800s Krees (plural), 1700s– Cree. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French Cris. Etymology: < North American French Cris (1685 as Kris ; now also sometimes Cri ), shortened < †Cristinaux , †Christinaux (1640 as Kiristinon : see note) < Ojibwa (Old Algonquin) Kirištinō < an unattested Cree word of unknown literal meaning. Compare ( < French) English †Cristeens (1706), †Cristinaux (compare quot. 1744), etc.The synonyms with l and n listed in quot. 1809 at sense B. 1 reflect variation in the Ojibwa word (regionally and over time), also reflected in some early French uses. Cree self-designations include nêhiyaw (cognate with Ojibwa (Nipissing) nii’ina(w-) of ours, of our tribe) and ililiw person. A. adj. Of, belonging to, or relating to the Cree (sense B. 1) or their language. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of North-Eastern Canada > [adjective] Cree1744 mountaineer1770 Naskapi1774 Chipewyan1801 Beothuk1842 Montagnais?1847 the mind > language > languages of the world > Amerindian > [adjective] > Algonquian languages Shawnee1674 Cree1744 Potawatomi1789 Nipissing1793 Miami1804 Algic1827 Beothuk1842 Blackfoot1845 Yurok1851 Passamaquoddy1856 Plains Cree1860 Maliseet1863 Ojibwa1937 1744 A. Dobbs Acct. Countries adjoining Hudson's Bay (caption) (facing p. ii) Cris or Cristinaux N[ation]. 1780 in Cumberland & Hudson House Jrnls. 1775–82 (1952) 2nd Ser. XV. 91 At 10 a.m. finished of Trading of furrs and Provisions, with the Cree Indians. 1809 A. Henry Trav. & Adventures Canada ii. xv. 325 Though we conversed with these people in the Cree, or Cristinaux language, which is the usual medium of communication, they were Chepewyans or Rocky Mountain Indians. 1844 J. Howse Gram. Cree Lang. 3 An analytical and grammatical view of the Cree dialect. 1936 D. McCowan Animals Canad. Rockies x. 91 Cree Indian women make use of the pelts. 1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Feb. 3/2 The children, Cree pupils in Grade 3.., wrote stories..that have been collected in book form by the Indian Affairs Branch. 2013 Canad. Jrnl. Sociol. 38 214 The Cree language is in daily use in many if not most households. B. n. 1. A member of any of several Algonquian peoples living in a large area of central Canada stretching from northern Alberta to north-eastern Ontario and western Quebec. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of North-Eastern Canada > [noun] mountainer1625 Montagnais1654 mountaineer1703 Cree1760 Mistassini1781 Muskego1785 Red Indian1796 Chipewyan1801 Beothuk1828 red man1842 Naskapi1849 1760 T. Jefferys Nat. & Civil Hist. French Dominions N. & S. Amer. I. 1 (caption) Kris of the Lakes. 1809 A. Henry Trav. & Adventures Canada ii. iv. 214 (note) The same with Kinistinaux, Killistinoes,..Cris, Crees, &c. 1872 G. Hartwig & A. H. Guernsey Polar & Trop. Worlds xxix. 321 Sir George Simpson..visited the hut of a Cree who had been wounded in the conflict at the peace meeting. 1877 L. H. Morgan Anc. Society ii. iv. 116 The dances of the Dakotas, the Crees,..and of the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico, are the same in general character. 1940 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 70 62 Soapstone vessels are distributed from the Cree and Ojibway of Canada down to Florida. 2013 Edmonton (Alberta) Jrnl. (Nexis) 26 Jan. a13 Saganash helped negotiate an important revenue-sharing agreement between the Cree and the Quebec government. 2. Any of the Algonquian dialects of the Cree. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Amerindian > [noun] > northern Amerindian > Algonquian > Cree Cree1843 Naskapi1946 Wood Cree1958 1843 J. Bird Let. 8 Aug. in J. Howse Gram. Cree Lang. (1844) p. xv The Rev. Mr. Smithurst has, by well studying your Grammar, been enabled to read the Communion Service to the Swampeys, in Cree, a few days ago. 1872 W. F. Butler Great Lone Land viii. 110 Little ones..jabbered the smallest amount of English or French, and a great deal of Ojibbeway, or Cree, or Assineboine. 1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. iv. 72 The Algonquian family..includes the languages of eastern and central Canada (Micmac, Montagnais, Cree). 2007 Wawatay News (Ontario) 8 Mar. 19/1 (advt.) Must speak fluent Oji-Cree or Cree. Compounds Cree potato n. North American the prairie turnip, Psoralea esculenta. ΚΠ 1882 J. Macoun Manitoba & Great North-west xiv. 237 (table) Psoralea..esculenta. Cree Potato. Sandy Prairies. 1922 Amer. Botanist 28 75 The specific name of Psoralea esculenta alludes to its edible properties and among its vernacular names are ‘prairie apple’, ‘prairie turnip’, ‘prairie potato’, ‘Indian bread-root’, ‘Cree potato’, ‘Missouri bread-nut’ and ‘tipsin’ or ‘tipsinna’. 2011 @autumnes_leaves 25 Dec. in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Looking forward to dinner at my sis' place..gotta bake up some corn bread & make some Cree potatoes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † creecriev.¹ Etymology: < French créer (Old French also crier), < Latin creāre to create. Obsolete. rare. To create. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] creea1400 createc1405 naturate1576 to call into being (also existence)1668 society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > raising to noble rank > ennoble [verb (transitive)] > invest with rank or title dubc1330 creea1400 create?1457 dignify1570 title1609 titulado1663 insignize1678 a1400–50 Alexander (Ashm.) 3390 Ilka kyng suld him knaw cried [Dubl. MS. create] of þe soile. a1400–50 Alexander (Ashm.) 4519 He ȝoure nase & ȝoure nebb & all of noȝt cried. 1425 Petit. Earl of Norfolk in Rolls Parl. IV. 274/1 Yt liked to Kynge Rychard ye Seconde..to cree Thomas..into Duc of Norff. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021). creev.² Brit. /kriː/, U.S. /kri/ Forms: Also 1600s crey, crede, 1800s creave, creeve. Etymology: The original form was apparently creve , creeve , < French crever to burst, split, in faire crever le riz , to cause rice to swell with boiling water or steam (Littré). For the reduction to cree , compare Scots preve pree , leve lee , etc. See also creve v. Chiefly dialect. 1. transitive. To soften (grain) by boiling. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > cook [verb (transitive)] > cook specific food > grain cree1620 to pop corn1842 1620 G. Markham Farewell to Husb. (1625) 135 Barley..may..be creyed, parcht, or boyled. 1655 W. M. Queens Closet Opened 159 Take Rye and crede it as you do Wheat for Furmity. 1691 J. Ray N. Country Words in Coll. Eng. Words (ed. 2) 18 To Cree, wheat or Barly, &c., to boil it soft. 1846 Gardeners' Chron. 237 To..pour boiling water on the malt would cause it to become solidified or creed. 1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby Creave, or Cree, to pre-boil rice or wheat so as to soften it for cookery purposes..‘Creaving days’, those in the country when creaved wheat is prepared to sell in the town for Christmas frumity. 1888 S. O. Addy Gloss. Words Sheffield Cree. 2. intransitive. To become soft or pulpy by soaking or boiling. ΚΠ 1863 Mrs. Toogood Specim. Yorks. Dial. This rice is not good, I have boiled it for ten minutes, but it does not creeve. 1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby The sown wheat is said to ‘creave in the ground’ when it swells and bursts from over wet weather, instead of shooting. 3. transitive. To pound or crush into a soft mass. Hence creeing-trough, the ‘knocking-trough’ formerly used for pounding grain. ΚΠ 1822 T. Bewick Mem. (1862) 13 To ‘cree’ them with a wooden ‘mell’, in a stone trough, till the tops of the whins were beaten to the consistency of soft, wet grass. 1852 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 13 ii. 256 The corn was crushed in the mill, or in the creeing-trough. 1886 Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 360 A fine creeing-trough. Derivatives creed adj. ΚΠ 1876 F. Francis Bk. Angling (ed. 4) i. 29 On the Trent creed-malt is a favourite roach bait. 1890 Lincoln Gaz. 6 Sept. 8/1 [He] secured a nice basket of roach with creed wheat. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1744v.¹a1400v.²1620
随便看	battle fleet battle it battle it out battle mort battle of herrings battle of spurs battle of the herrings battle of the sexes battle of the spurs battle royal battle royale battle royales battle royals battle station battle-ax battle-axe battle-cock battle-cruiser battle-cry battle-day battle-din battle-dress battle-front battle-grimed battle-hardened

Creeadj.n.

Compounds

† creecriev.1

creev.2

Derivatives

† creecriev.¹

creev.²