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单词 cranio-
释义

cranio-comb. form

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.
Forms: Before a vowel crani-.
Etymology: < ancient Greek κρανιο-, combining form of κρανίον cranium n.
1. In combinations, chiefly in sense ‘belonging or relating to the cranium and…’.
cranio-facial adj.
Brit. /ˌkreɪnɪə(ʊ)ˈfeɪʃl/
,
U.S. /ˌkreɪnioʊˈfeɪʃ(ə)l/
belonging to both the cranium and the face.
ΚΠ
1849–52 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. i. 656/1 The number of cranio-facial segments.
cranio-spinal adj.
Brit. /ˌkreɪnɪə(ʊ)ˈspʌɪnl/
,
U.S. /ˌkreɪnioʊˈspaɪn(ə)l/
belonging to the cranium and the spine.
ΚΠ
1839–47 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. III. 641/2 The cranio-spinal cavity.
1849 H. Mayo On Truths Pop. Superstit. v. 78 The segments of the cranio-spinal cord in which the sentient and voluntary nerves are rooted.
craniacromial adj.
Brit. /ˌkreɪnɪəˈkrəʊmɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌkreɪniəˈkroʊmiəl/
[acromion n.] see cranio-spinal adj.
cranio-pharyngeal adj.
Brit. /ˌkreɪnɪə(ʊ)fəˈrɪn(d)ʒɪəl/
,
/ˌkreɪnɪə(ʊ)ˌfarᵻnˈdʒiːəl/
,
/ˌkreɪnɪə(ʊ)ˌfarn̩ˈdʒiːəl/
,
U.S. /ˌkreɪnioʊfəˈrɪndʒ(i)əl/
,
/ˌkreɪnioʊˌfɛrənˈdʒiəl/
see cranio-spinal adj.
ΚΠ
1882 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Craniopharyngeal ligament, the thickened median part of the pharyngeal aponeurosis attached to the tuberculum pharyngeum of the basilar process of the occipital bone.
cranio-thoracic adj.
Brit. /ˌkreɪnɪə(ʊ)θəˈrasɪk/
,
/ˌkreɪnɪə(ʊ)θɔːˈrasɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌkreɪnioʊθəˈræsɪk/
,
/ˌkreɪnioʊˌθɔˈræsɪk/
see cranio-spinal adj.
cranio-vertebral adj.
Brit. /ˌkreɪnɪə(ʊ)ˈvəːtᵻbr(ə)l/
,
U.S. /ˌkreɪnioʊˈvərdəbrəl/
,
/ˌkreɪnioʊˌvərˈtibrəl/
see cranio-spinal adj.
cranio-tabes n.
Brit. /ˌkreɪnɪə(ʊ)ˈteɪbiːz/
,
U.S. /ˌkreɪnioʊˈteɪˌbiz/
[Latin tābēs wasting away, putrefaction] ‘a form of rickets in which the skull bones are softened’ ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon).
ΚΠ
1860 Year-bk. Med. 1859 (New Sydenham Soc.) (1861) 400 Cranio-tabes occurring epidemically.
2. In derivative formations.
craniectomy n.
Brit. /ˌkreɪnɪˈɛktəmi/
,
U.S. /ˌkreɪniˈɛktəmi/
[Greek ἐκτομή excision] see quot.
ΚΠ
1891 Lancet 3 Oct. 761 [The operation] of craniectomy, in which a strip of bone is removed from the cranium and the development of the brain..allowed to go on.
craniocele n.
Brit. /ˈkreɪnɪəsiːl/
,
U.S. /ˈkreɪniəˌsil/
[see cele n.] ‘the protrusion of a part of the encephalon from the cranial cavity’ ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon).
cranioclasm n.
Brit. /ˈkreɪnɪəˌklaz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˈkreɪniəˌklæz(ə)m/
[ < Greek κλάσμα fracture, breaking] the breaking up of the fœtal head in the operation of craniotomy.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > operations on specific parts or conditions > [noun] > operations on sex organs > operations on female sex organs > obstetrical operations
Caesarean birth1661
hysterotomy1707
embryotomy1765
embryoctony1788
omphalotomy1828
cephalotomy1836
synchondrotomy1842
symphysiotomy1846
pelviotomy1847
version1853
gastro-hysterotomy1854
craniotomy1855
cranioclasm1860
pubiotomy1865
cephalotripsy1876
episiotomy1878
cleidotomy1901
Caesarean1923
Caesar1952
C-section1960
section1960
vacuum extraction1961
1860 Simpson Cranioclasm in Year-bk. Med. 1859 (New Sydenham Soc.) (1861) 357 The operations of craniotomy, cephalotripsy, and cranioclasm.
cranioclast n.
Brit. /ˈkreɪnɪəklɑːst/
,
/ˈkreɪnɪəklast/
,
U.S. /ˈkreɪniəˌklæst/
[Greek -κλάστης breaker] an instrument for doing this.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > obstetrical equipment > [noun]
birth stool1627
forceps1634
ungula1684
unguis1752
fillet1753
crotchet1754
lack1754
tire-tête1754
perforator1790
vectis1790
cranioclast1860
binder1861
stirrup1936
vacuum extractor1954
birthing stool1956
ventouse1960
1860 Simpson Cranioclasm in Year-bk. Med. 1859 (New Sydenham Soc.) (1861) 357 In the latter operation [Cranioclasm] two instruments are necessary—a perforator..and the Cranioclast.
craniognomic adj.
Brit. /ˌkreɪnɪəˈnɒmɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌkreɪniəˈnɑmɪk/
[Greek γνωμικός of or pertaining to knowledge] pertaining to craniognomy.
craniognomy n.
Brit. /ˌkreɪnɪˈɒ(ɡ)nəmi/
,
U.S. /ˌkreɪniˈɑ(ɡ)nəmi/
[Greek γνώμη knowledge] ‘the science of the form and characteristics of the skull’( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > psychology > faculty psychology > psychological study of the skull > [noun]
cranioscopy1804
craniology1806
craniognosy1810
craniognomy1813
organology1814
phrenology1815
zoonomy1815
bumpology1822
turnipology1824
organoscopy1864
1813 J. M. Good et al. Pantologia Craniognomy, a visionary system of physiognomy, lately brought forwards by Dr. Gall of Vienna.
craniognosy n.
Brit. /ˌkreɪnɪˈɒɡnəsi/
,
U.S. /ˌkreɪniˈɑɡnəsi/
[Greek γνῶσις knowledge] = craniognomy n.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > psychology > faculty psychology > psychological study of the skull > [noun]
cranioscopy1804
craniology1806
craniognosy1810
craniognomy1813
organology1814
phrenology1815
zoonomy1815
bumpology1822
turnipology1824
organoscopy1864
1810 Philos. Mag. 36 74 Materials for a comparative craniognosy.
craniograph n.
Brit. /ˈkreɪnɪəɡrɑːf/
,
/ˈkreɪnɪəɡraf/
,
U.S. /ˈkreɪniəˌɡræf/
[Greek -γραϕος writer] an instrument for taking drawings of the skull.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > science of mankind > [noun] > anthropometry > instruments used in
anthropometer1779
craniograph1878
craniometer1878
craniophore1878
1878 R. T. H. Bartley tr. P. Topinard Anthropol. 271 Profile taken with M. Broca's craniograph.
craniographer n.
Brit. /ˌkreɪnɪˈɒɡrəfə/
,
U.S. /ˌkreɪniˈɑɡrəfər/
one who draws or describes skulls.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > science of mankind > [noun] > anthropometry > person
craniologist1841
craniographer1861
anthropometer1883
anthropometrist1883
craniometrist1889
1861 T. Wright Ess. Archæol. I. v. 84 To the Anglo-Saxon cemeteries..I would especially invite the attention of the craniographer.
craniography n.
Brit. /ˌkreɪnɪˈɒɡrəfi/
,
U.S. /ˌkreɪniˈɑɡrəfi/
description of skulls.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > science of mankind > [noun] > anthropometry
anthropometry1806
craniography1861
craniometry1861
craniology1863
mecography1890
1861 T. Wright Ess. Archæol. I. v. 83 That branch of it [ethnology] which may be conveniently..termed craniography.
craniometer n.
Brit. /ˌkreɪnɪˈɒmᵻtə/
,
U.S. /ˌkreɪniˈɑmədər/
[Compare French craniomètre and see -meter comb. form2] an instrument for taking measurements of skulls.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > science of mankind > [noun] > anthropometry > instruments used in
anthropometer1779
craniograph1878
craniometer1878
craniophore1878
1878 R. T. H. Bartley tr. P. Topinard Anthropol. 297 The craniometer substitutes mathematical data for the uncertain data founded on judgment and opinion.
craniometric adj.
Brit. /ˌkreɪnɪəˈmɛtrɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌkreɪniəˈmɛtrɪk/
[Compare French craniométrique (P. Topinard 1876)] pertaining to craniometry.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > science of mankind > [adjective] > anthropometry
craniological1851
anthropometric1861
anthropometrical1862
craniometrical1878
craniometric1882
1882 Athenæum 2 Dec. 738/3 A list of the craniometric measures and processes adopted.
craniometrical adj.
Brit. /ˌkreɪnɪəˈmɛtrᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌkreɪniəˈmɛtrək(ə)l/
= craniometric adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > science of mankind > [adjective] > anthropometry
craniological1851
anthropometric1861
anthropometrical1862
craniometrical1878
craniometric1882
1878 R. T. H. Bartley tr. P. Topinard Anthropol. 219 Requisite for craniometrical study.
craniometrically adv.
Brit. /ˌkreɪnɪəˈmɛtrᵻkli/
,
U.S. /ˌkreɪniəˈmɛtrək(ə)li/
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > science of mankind > [adverb] > anthropometry
craniometrically1889
1889 Harper's Mag. June 105/1 Having been craniometrically examined.
craniometrist n.
Brit. /ˌkreɪnɪˈɒmᵻtrɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌkreɪniˈɑmətrəst/
one who practises craniometry.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > science of mankind > [noun] > anthropometry > person
craniologist1841
craniographer1861
anthropometer1883
anthropometrist1883
craniometrist1889
1889 Harper's Mag. June 105/2 He invited her to a comparative measurement by the authorized craniometrists.
craniometry n.
Brit. /ˌkreɪnɪˈɒmᵻtri/
,
U.S. /ˌkreɪniˈɑmətri/
[Compare French craniométrie (P. Topinard 1876)-metry comb. form] measurement of the skull.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > science of mankind > [noun] > anthropometry
anthropometry1806
craniography1861
craniometry1861
craniology1863
mecography1890
1861 Cleland in Year-bk. Med. 1860 (New Sydenham Soc.) 30 On a Method of Craniometry.
1881 Trans. Vict. Inst. 28 Craniometry indicates that the natives of these islands are more mixed than either of the other Polynesian races.
craniopathy n.
Brit. /ˌkreɪnɪˈɒpəθi/
,
U.S. /ˌkreɪniˈɑpəθi/
[ < cranio- comb. form + -pathy comb. form] ‘disease of the cranium’ ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon).
craniophore n.
Brit. /ˈkreɪnɪəfɔː/
,
U.S. /ˈkreɪniəˌfɔr/
[Greek -ϕορος bearing] an instrument invented by Topinard for measuring the dimensions and proportions of the skull.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > science of mankind > [noun] > anthropometry > instruments used in
anthropometer1779
craniograph1878
craniometer1878
craniophore1878
1878 R. T. H. Bartley tr. P. Topinard Anthropol. ii. iii. 274 A new craniophore (an instrument for taking all the cranial projections) by Paul Topinard.
cranioplasty n.
Brit. /ˈkreɪnɪəˌplɑːsti/
,
/ˈkreɪnɪəˌplasti/
,
U.S. /ˈkreɪniəˌplæsti/
[ < Greek -πλαστία, < πλαστός moulded, fashioned] an operation for supplying deficiencies in the cranial structures.
craniopolis n.
Brit. /ˌkreɪnɪˈɒpəlɪs/
,
/ˌkreɪnɪˈɒpl̩ɪs/
,
U.S. /ˌkreɪniˈɑp(ə)ləs/
[Greek πόλις city] a city of skulls.Apparently an isolated use.
ΚΠ
1818 Blackwood's Mag. 4 328 A populous Place of Skulls—a Craniopolis like the catacombs.
cranioscopic adj.
Brit. /ˌkreɪnɪəˈskɒpɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌkreɪniəˈskɑpɪk/
pertaining to cranioscopy.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > psychology > faculty psychology > psychological study of the skull > [adjective]
cranioscopic1813
craniological1815
cranioscopical1820
phrenological1820
phrenologic1821
bumpological1826
1813 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. 35 140 [Dr. Gall's] cranioscopic passion.
cranioscopical adj.
Brit. /ˌkreɪnɪəˈskɒpᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌkreɪniəˈskɑpək(ə)l/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > psychology > faculty psychology > psychological study of the skull > [adjective]
cranioscopic1813
craniological1815
cranioscopical1820
phrenological1820
phrenologic1821
bumpological1826
1820 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 6 651 Cranioscopical landmarks drawn so geometrically by their rivals.
cranioscopist n.
Brit. /ˌkreɪnɪˈɒskəpɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌkreɪniˈɑskəpəst/
one who studies cranioscopy.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > psychology > faculty psychology > psychological study of the skull > [noun] > practitioner of
cranioscopist1809
craniologist1815
phrenologist1815
bumpologist1824
turnipologist1824
bumposopher1836
phrenologer1846
1809–10 S. T. Coleridge Friend (1818) III. 79 A literary man, whose skull puzzled the cranioscopists.
cranioscopy n.
Brit. /ˌkreɪnɪˈɒskəpi/
,
U.S. /ˌkreɪniˈɑskəpi/
[ < Greek -σκοπία, < -σκοπος that views] examination of the size and configuration of the skull; formerly applied to what is now commonly called phrenology n.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > psychology > faculty psychology > psychological study of the skull > [noun]
cranioscopy1804
craniology1806
craniognosy1810
craniognomy1813
organology1814
phrenology1815
zoonomy1815
bumpology1822
turnipology1824
organoscopy1864
1804 Edinb. Rev. 3 415 Uroscopy has..given way to cranioscopy.
1865 D. Masson Recent Brit. Philos. iii. 191 Gall, whose system of Cranioscopy, publishing itself under the name of Phrenology [etc.].
craniosophic adj.
Brit. /ˌkreɪnɪəˈsɒfɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌkreɪniəˈsɑfɪk/
nonce-word after philosophicetc. learned in skulls.
ΚΠ
1819 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 4 564 A Craniosophic public would disdain that work.
craniotome n.
Brit. /ˈkreɪnɪətəʊm/
,
U.S. /ˈkreɪniəˌtoʊm/
[Greek -τομος cutting] ‘name for the trephine; also a name for the craniotomy forceps’ ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon).
craniotomy n.
Brit. /ˌkreɪnɪˈɒtəmi/
,
U.S. /ˌkreɪniˈɑdəmi/
[ < Greek -τομία, < -τομος cutting] in obstetric surgery, an operation in which the head of the fœtus is cut open and broken down when it presents an obstacle to delivery; hence craniotomy forceps, a forceps used in this operation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > operations on specific parts or conditions > [noun] > operations on sex organs > operations on female sex organs > obstetrical operations
Caesarean birth1661
hysterotomy1707
embryotomy1765
embryoctony1788
omphalotomy1828
cephalotomy1836
synchondrotomy1842
symphysiotomy1846
pelviotomy1847
version1853
gastro-hysterotomy1854
craniotomy1855
cranioclasm1860
pubiotomy1865
cephalotripsy1876
episiotomy1878
cleidotomy1901
Caesarean1923
Caesar1952
C-section1960
section1960
vacuum extraction1961
1855 F. H. Ramsbotham Princ. & Pract. Obstetr. Med. (new Amer. ed.) 22 A woman whom I delivered..by craniotomy.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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comb. form1804
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