courteousadj.

/ˈkɔːtjəs//ˈkəːtjəs/

Forms: α. Middle English cortes, corteis, corteys, Middle English cortays(e, ( cortez, superlative corteyst); β. Middle English curtais, (Middle English curtaiss, curtus), Middle English–1500s curtaise, curtays(e, curtas, curtes, curteis(e, curteys(e, (Middle English curtase, curtace, curtis, superlative curtast, 1500s curteiz, curtese, curtess, curtyse, curtuus, currteyse); γ. Middle English–1500s courteis, courteys(e, Middle English–1600s courtes; δ. Middle English–1500s curtois, courtois, courtoys(e, (Middle English courtoyus); ε. 1500s curteous(e, curtious, corteous, 1500s–1600s courtious, 1500s– courteous.

Etymology: < Old French corteis, curteis (later cortois , courtois ) = Spanish cortés , Italian cortese , derivative of corte , curt , court , court n.¹ + Romanic suffix -ese (-es, -eis), representing Latin -ensis: the corresponding Latin type being *cohortensis, cōrtēsis. In English the typical form from 14th cent. is court-, after later French (whence also Caxton's courtois); by confusion of suffixes, -eous has been substituted for -eis from the 16th cent.

a. Having such manners as befit the court of a prince; having the bearing of a courtly gentleman in intercourse with others; graciously polite and respectful of the position and feelings of others; kind and complaisant in conduct to others.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > [adjective]

metheOE

hendc1225

debonairc1230

hendya1250

courteousc1275

hendlyc1275

bonairc1300

quaintc1300

sweetc1330

graciousa1375

meetha1400

debonary1402

debonariousc1485

humanec1500

civil1565

genty1660

discreet1739

polite1751

politeful1832

c1275 xi Pains of Hell 389 in Old Eng. Misc. 155 Hug is his rihte nome And he is curteys and hendy.

a1330 Roland & V. 18 A knight ful curtays.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1298 Comly mayde of kynges kende þe corteyst þat i knowe.

c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 99 His sone a yong Squyer..Curteys he was, lowely, and seruysable.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur vi. x The curteyst knyghte..and mekest vnto all ladyes and gentylwymmen.

1483 Cath. Angl. 87 Curtas, curialis.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) i. 38 A good man, sage, curtois, & valyaunt.

a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) ii. viii. sig. o.iii^v A swete faire gentilwoman curtes and comly.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxii. 214 The lady..was ryght sage and courtoys.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 Cor. xiii. 4 Love suffreth longe, and is corteous.

1563 2nd Tome Homelyes Matrimony, in J. Griffiths Two Bks. Homilies (1859) ii. 508 If thou lovest him only because he is gentle and curtess.

1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. i. 156 Be kinde and curteous to this gentleman.

1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 70 Gracious, and Curteous to Strangers.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iv. 166 King Henry the fourth..though curteous, was not servial to the Pope.

1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 52 We..found the Natives always very free and courteous.

1859 Ld. Tennyson Lancelot & Elaine 554 in Idylls of King With smiling face arose..a Prince..Gawain, surnamed The Courteous.

†b. Const. of. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. iv. 17 Curteis of speche.

?1578 W. Patten Let. Entertainm. Killingwoorth 25 Curteiz of behauoour.

1624 T. Heywood Γυναικεῖον iv. 182 Our English women are more curtious of their bodies than bloodie of their mindes.

†c. Of superiors: Gracious. Obsolete (or absorbed in the general sense.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [adjective] > gracious

holdc893

winsomec900

goodlyOE

esteOE

menskful?c1225

courteousc1290

besekandlika1300

buxom1362

graciousa1375

queemfulc1390

nighsomea1400

gainlyc1400

favourablec1503

handsome1528

suave?1553

boona1612

benedictive1660

sneerless1884

c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 54/21 An Eorl þare was in poile þat was corteys and hende.

c1360 Deo Gratias 41 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 129 Almyhti corteis crouned kyng, God graunt vs grace to rule vs so.

1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 190 Pite maketh a king curteise Both in his worde and in his dede.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 11973 Ihesus þat was so curteise.

c1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 57 Oure curteis crist, oure king riale.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 149/1 Fayr brother, god is more curtoys than ye be.

1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 116 Courtes, and kynde till [all] men is the Lord.

1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xxi. vi. 172 A lady..excelling a number, and yet in so high an estate right curteous.

1813 W. Scott Bridal of Triermain i. i. 16 Courteous as monarch the morn he is crown'd.

†d. Of inferiors: Politely respectful or deferential. Obsolete (or absorbed in the general sense.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > [adjective]

worthfulOE

honourablea1393

courteousa1475

respecting1573

respective1579

respectful1593

louting1602

respectuous1610

honouring1614

assenting1752

deferent1822

deferential1822

deferring1829

unscornful1897

Schweikist1968

a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 163 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 304 Be curtayse to god, and knele doun On bothe knees with grete deuocioun.

e. As a formula of address; originally to superiors = Gracious, gentle, benign. archaic.

ΚΠ

c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 433 ‘Cortayse quen’ þenne s[a]yde þat gaye.

c1440 York Myst. xvii. 313 Nowe curtayse kynges, to me take tent.

1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie iii. x. sig. H4 Say (Curteous Sir) speakes he not mouingly.

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. ii. 188 Haue with you Prince: my curteous Lord adiew.

1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. ii. 1 Courteous Companions, sometime since, to tell you my Dream..was pleasant to me, and profitable to you.

1714 tr. I. Barrow Euclide's Elements (rev. ed.) Pref. If you are desirous, Courteous Reader [etc.].

†f. absol. (Cf. fair n.¹ 3a, gentle n. 1a, etc.) Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 78 It maketh curteis of the vilain.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2411 Comaundeȝ me to þat cortays, your comlych fere.

a. transferred. Of personal qualities, words, actions, etc. †courteous prison (French prison courtoise, Italian prigione cortese): honourable imprisonment (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > [noun] > honourable

courteous prison1525

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 2256 Bot dryghtin dere þat ai es hend A curtais wrak on þam he send.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 512 Cortays wordez.

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. vi. 134 It is said in a comyn prouerbe, Courtoyse langage and well saynge is moche worth and coste lityll.

1509 J. Fisher Mornynge Remembraunce Countesse of Rychemonde (de Worde) sig. Aii ^v Full curtayse answere she wolde make to all y^t came vnto her.

1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. lxi. [lxiv.] 205 He was set in a courtoyse pryson, so that he coulde not departe when he wolde.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 287 Taken..and..committed into Curtoyse prison in the Tower.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. vi. sig. F3^v When her curteous deeds he did compare.

a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) v. iv. 71 This is call'd the retort courteous .

1872 E. Peacock Mabel Heron II. ii. 25 A kind and courteous letter.

1883 ‘G. Lloyd’ Ebb & Flow I. iii. 50 In her most courteous tones.

†b. Of things personified. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1577 G. Gascoigne Princelie Pleasures Kenelworth sig. B.vj, in Whole Wks. (1587) Some courteous winde come blowe me happy newes.

1580 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David cxlviii Ambitious mountaines, curteous hills.

1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream v. i. 176 Thankes curteous wall.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	courteous
释义	courteousadj. /ˈkɔːtjəs//ˈkəːtjəs/ Forms: α. Middle English cortes, corteis, corteys, Middle English cortays(e, ( cortez, superlative corteyst); β. Middle English curtais, (Middle English curtaiss, curtus), Middle English–1500s curtaise, curtays(e, curtas, curtes, curteis(e, curteys(e, (Middle English curtase, curtace, curtis, superlative curtast, 1500s curteiz, curtese, curtess, curtyse, curtuus, currteyse); γ. Middle English–1500s courteis, courteys(e, Middle English–1600s courtes; δ. Middle English–1500s curtois, courtois, courtoys(e, (Middle English courtoyus); ε. 1500s curteous(e, curtious, corteous, 1500s–1600s courtious, 1500s– courteous. Etymology: < Old French corteis, curteis (later cortois , courtois ) = Spanish cortés , Italian cortese , derivative of corte , curt , court , court n.¹ + Romanic suffix -ese (-es, -eis), representing Latin -ensis: the corresponding Latin type being cohortensis, cōrtēsis. In English the typical form from 14th cent. is court-, after later French (whence also Caxton's courtois); by confusion of suffixes, -eous* has been substituted for -eis from the 16th cent. 1. a. Having such manners as befit the court of a prince; having the bearing of a courtly gentleman in intercourse with others; graciously polite and respectful of the position and feelings of others; kind and complaisant in conduct to others. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > [adjective] metheOE hendc1225 debonairc1230 hendya1250 courteousc1275 hendlyc1275 bonairc1300 quaintc1300 sweetc1330 graciousa1375 meetha1400 debonary1402 debonariousc1485 humanec1500 civil1565 genty1660 discreet1739 polite1751 politeful1832 c1275 xi Pains of Hell 389 in Old Eng. Misc. 155 Hug is his rihte nome And he is curteys and hendy. a1330 Roland & V. 18 A knight ful curtays. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1298 Comly mayde of kynges kende þe corteyst þat i knowe. c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 99 His sone a yong Squyer..Curteys he was, lowely, and seruysable. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur vi. x The curteyst knyghte..and mekest vnto all ladyes and gentylwymmen. 1483 Cath. Angl. 87 Curtas, curialis. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) i. 38 A good man, sage, curtois, & valyaunt. a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) ii. viii. sig. o.iii^v A swete faire gentilwoman curtes and comly. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxii. 214 The lady..was ryght sage and courtoys. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 Cor. xiii. 4 Love suffreth longe, and is corteous. 1563 2nd Tome Homelyes Matrimony, in J. Griffiths Two Bks. Homilies (1859) ii. 508 If thou lovest him only because he is gentle and curtess. 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. i. 156 Be kinde and curteous to this gentleman. View more context for this quotation 1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 70 Gracious, and Curteous to Strangers. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iv. 166 King Henry the fourth..though curteous, was not servial to the Pope. 1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 52 We..found the Natives always very free and courteous. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Lancelot & Elaine 554 in Idylls of King With smiling face arose..a Prince..Gawain, surnamed The Courteous. †b. Const. of. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. iv. 17 Curteis of speche. ?1578 W. Patten Let. Entertainm. Killingwoorth 25 Curteiz of behauoour. 1624 T. Heywood Γυναικεῖον iv. 182 Our English women are more curtious of their bodies than bloodie of their mindes. †c. Of superiors: Gracious. Obsolete (or absorbed in the general sense.) ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [adjective] > gracious holdc893 winsomec900 goodlyOE esteOE menskful?c1225 courteousc1290 besekandlika1300 buxom1362 graciousa1375 queemfulc1390 nighsomea1400 gainlyc1400 favourablec1503 handsome1528 suave?1553 boona1612 benedictive1660 sneerless1884 c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 54/21 An Eorl þare was in poile þat was corteys and hende. c1360 Deo Gratias 41 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 129 Almyhti corteis crouned kyng, God graunt vs grace to rule vs so. 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 190 Pite maketh a king curteise Both in his worde and in his dede. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 11973 Ihesus þat was so curteise. c1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 57 Oure curteis crist, oure king riale. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 149/1 Fayr brother, god is more curtoys than ye be. 1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 116 Courtes, and kynde till [all] men is the Lord. 1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xxi. vi. 172 A lady..excelling a number, and yet in so high an estate right curteous. 1813 W. Scott Bridal of Triermain i. i. 16 Courteous as monarch the morn he is crown'd. †d. Of inferiors: Politely respectful or deferential. Obsolete (or absorbed in the general sense.) ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > [adjective] worthfulOE honourablea1393 courteousa1475 respecting1573 respective1579 respectful1593 louting1602 respectuous1610 honouring1614 assenting1752 deferent1822 deferential1822 deferring1829 unscornful1897 Schweikist1968 a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 163 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 304 Be curtayse to god, and knele doun On bothe knees with grete deuocioun. e. As a formula of address; originally to superiors = Gracious, gentle, benign. archaic. ΚΠ c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 433 ‘Cortayse quen’ þenne s[a]yde þat gaye. c1440 York Myst. xvii. 313 Nowe curtayse kynges, to me take tent. 1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie iii. x. sig. H4 Say (Curteous Sir) speakes he not mouingly. 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. ii. 188 Haue with you Prince: my curteous Lord adiew. 1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. ii. 1 Courteous Companions, sometime since, to tell you my Dream..was pleasant to me, and profitable to you. View more context for this quotation 1714 tr. I. Barrow Euclide's Elements (rev. ed.) Pref. If you are desirous, Courteous Reader [etc.]. †f. absol. (Cf. fair n.¹ 3a, gentle n. 1a, etc.) Obsolete. ΚΠ 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 78 It maketh curteis of the vilain. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2411 Comaundeȝ me to þat cortays, your comlych fere. 2. a. transferred. Of personal qualities, words, actions, etc. †courteous prison (French prison courtoise, Italian prigione cortese): honourable imprisonment (obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > [noun] > honourable courteous prison1525 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 2256 Bot dryghtin dere þat ai es hend A curtais wrak on þam he send. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 512 Cortays wordez. 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. vi. 134 It is said in a comyn prouerbe, Courtoyse langage and well saynge is moche worth and coste lityll. 1509 J. Fisher Mornynge Remembraunce Countesse of Rychemonde (de Worde) sig. Aii ^v Full curtayse answere she wolde make to all y^t came vnto her. 1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. lxi. [lxiv.] 205 He was set in a courtoyse pryson, so that he coulde not departe when he wolde. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 287 Taken..and..committed into Curtoyse prison in the Tower. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. vi. sig. F3^v When her curteous deeds he did compare. a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) v. iv. 71 This is call'd the retort courteous . View more context for this quotation 1872 E. Peacock Mabel Heron II. ii. 25 A kind and courteous letter. 1883 ‘G. Lloyd’ Ebb & Flow I. iii. 50 In her most courteous tones. †b. Of things personified. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1577 G. Gascoigne Princelie Pleasures Kenelworth sig. B.vj, in Whole Wks. (1587) Some courteous winde come blowe me happy newes. 1580 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David cxlviii Ambitious mountaines, curteous hills. 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream v. i. 176 Thankes curteous wall. View more context for this quotation This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < adj.c1275
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