单词 | create |
释义 | † createadj. Obsolete. That is or has been created (in various senses). archaic in later use. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [adjective] > created or produced wroughtOE wroughtOE producta1398 createa1425 generate?a1425 gendered1502 naturate1509 shaped1540 generated1552 ingeneratea1572 concepted1662 a1425 (?a1400) Cloud of Unknowing (Harl. 674) (1944) 22 (MED) He may haue sodenly..forȝeten alle create þing. a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) l. 1726 (MED) So nothing els is oure digestion But of humour substancial a create perfeccion. ?1531 R. Whitford tr. Thomas à Kempis Folowynge of Cryste iii. xlvii. f. cxviv Holly auoyde thy herte fro all create loue. 1549 T. Chaloner tr. Erasmus Praise of Folie sig. Mijv Whether it be..a create or an uncreate thyng. 1647 N. Ward Simple Cobler Aggawam 20 Any creat' Ens or Bonum. 1678 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iii. 30 The decree of God..cannot have [its effect] but by efficaciously applying the create wil to the predefinite act. 1710 J. Groome Dignity & Honour Clergy 144 Is it Create or Uncreate? If Created, then it must necessarily have a Creator. 1805 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Inferno I. iii. 7 Before me things create were none. 1830 J. Lawson Julian & Elphina 99 Where all that is, create or increate, Of bright and beautiful, of rich and rare, Compose a choir. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2021). createv. 1. Of a divine being or natural agency. a. transitive. To bring into being, cause to exist; esp. to produce where nothing was before. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] creea1400 createc1405 naturate1576 to call into being (also existence)1668 the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > activities of God > [verb (transitive)] > create createc1405 naturate1576 c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) §144 Al be it so þt god hath creat [3 MSS. created] alle thynges in right ordre. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. l. 1730 (MED) Planetis..wern..Eternally yformed and creat. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 189 (MED) Poetes feyne hym [sc. Deucalion], with Pyrrha his wife, to haue create men of stones. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 133/2 [He] that had created alle the world. 1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) i. sig. Aiijv/1 The whyche creatour..fro the begynnynge of tyme creat..the creature..of no thynge, or of no matere precedent. a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. CCiv He create & infuded that noble soule. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Gen. i. A In ye begynnynge God created heauen & earth. 1562 T. Sternhold & J. Hopkins Quincunque Vult in Whole Bk. Psalms sig. B.iiiv Of none the Father is, ne made, ne creat, nor begot. 1576 T. Rogers Philos. Disc. Anat. Minde f. 72v They call it Naturatum naturantem, a Nature naturating, that is, creating all things. 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream v. ii. 35 And the issue, there create, Euer shall be fortunate. View more context for this quotation 1611 Bible (King James) Psalms li. 10 Create in mee a cleane heart, O God. View more context for this quotation 1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 17 Wherefore did he creat passions within us? 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxxi. 190 To say the World was not Created..is to deny there is a God. 1668 T. Jordan Money is Asse 40 Instruct each other how our Parents did, when by their Amorous play we were create. a1717 C. Daubuz Perpetual Comm. Revelation (1720) 589 I, who at first created all Things, can also make all Things new, being the Consummator and Perfecter. 1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 45/2 Stones..are created by Nature..of a liquid and fluxible substance. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 78 God created other men to be the patriarchs of the Europeans, Africans, and Americans. 1862 F. M. Müller Sel. Ess. (1881) II. xx. 395 And the gods consulted a second time how to create beings that should adore them. 1892 Old & New Test. Student 15 211 Adam was created in the full possession of his powers so that he could freely choose between good and evil. 1934 M. T. King Mothercraft ix. 117 No amount of ‘humanising’ can ever produce a milk-mixture which is ‘as good as’ human milk, created by God for the individual baby. 1964 G. Vidal Julian (1965) v. 87 Some have asked: did we create these gods or did they create us? 1990 Health Shopper Apr. 10/4 Why would Nature create in us a demand for nutrients so excessive that we are relegated to pill popping to satisfy the requirement? 2004 J. Winkler Anthony of Padua 13 Manicheism..proclaimed that there were really two gods who created the universe, a good god and an evil god. b. transitive with object complement. ΚΠ 1581 T. Rogers tr. Pretious Bk. Heauenlie Medit. viii. 43 I confesse that creating mee a reasonable creature, thou didst create me after a sort as good as Angels. 1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xii. 207 God..created man good, howbeit chaungeably good; free from euill, howbeit so as he myght choose the euill. 1611 Bible (King James) Isa. lxv. 18 I create Ierusalem a reioycing, and her people a ioy. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iii. ii. 39 Are you a god? would you create me new? View more context for this quotation 1733 A. Pope Ess. Man i. 152 And what created, perfect? 1862 F. Hall tr. N. N. Gore Rational Refut. Hindu Philos. Syst. 143 God created man a moral creature. 1959 Times 10 Sept. 12/2 He ended with a tasteless pun to the effect that God created men equal and men would cremate them equal. 2004 New Republic (Nexis) 25 Oct. 13 ‘God created men free, and now they can freely choose their president,’ he said proudly. c. intransitive, usually with object implied. ΚΠ 1599 J. Davies Nosce Teipsum 29 To create, to God alone pertaines. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 606 To create Is greater then created to destroy. View more context for this quotation 1734 J. C. Mother's Catech. 8 Q. Can any create but God? A. No. 1794 T. Maurice Indian Antiq. IV. i. iii. 129 Those stupendous attributes which unequivically stamp Divinity on the possessor, viz. the power to create, to confound languages, to receive prayer, and to forgive sins. 1851 J. Ruskin Stones of Venice I. App. xvii. 391 It is only for God to create without toil. 1968 Times 21 Nov. 11/3 Whoever has power to create and destroy has the right to decide what is right and wrong. God was once thought to have this power and therefore this right. Now it is scientists who have the right, because they have the power. 2000 Chicago Daily Herald (Nexis) 6 Feb. 1 The play wrestles with the question of why a loving God would allow a plague like AIDS. It questions whether God ever had the ability to create. 2. Of a human agent. a. transitive. With object complement indicating a rank, title, or status: to invest (a person) with a particular function or character, or with a title of nobility; (also) †to appoint or ordain (a priest) (obsolete).In quot. 1490 with a town as object. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > raising to noble rank > ennoble [verb (transitive)] > invest with rank or title dubc1330 creea1400 create?1457 dignify1570 title1609 titulado1663 insignize1678 ?1457 J. Hardyng Chron. (Lansd.) in E. P. Hammond Eng. Verse between Chaucer & Surrey (1927) 235 (MED) His brother Vmfray next hym he dyd create The duke so than of Gloucestre by style. ?a1475 (?a1425) in tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1882) VIII. App. 492 The Lollardes and folowers of maister Iohn Wyclif were excite into soe grete presumpcion and boldenesse that theire prestes create oþer prestes after the consuetude of the gentyles. 1490 in W. Fraser Lennox (1874) II. 139 Forsamekle as we..made and creat the toun of Paslay a fre burgh in baronry. 1495 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VII (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1495 §8. m. 7 The kyngis grace..created hym duke. ?c1550 tr. P. Vergil Eng. Hist. (1846) I. 89 The Brittaines..abjecting the Romaine yoke, created him kinge. ?1563 in I. W. Archer et al. Relig., Politics, & Society in 16th-cent. Eng. (2003) 86 On St. Stephen's day the L. Ambrose Dudley was created at W. by the quene. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 347 During the which [Parliament] he created two Dukes, a Marques and fiue Erles. a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) v. vi. 20 Arise my Knights o' th' Battell, I create you Companions to our person. View more context for this quotation 1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. i. 70 The Ephori were first created about the sixt Olympiad. c1670 A. Wood Life (1848) 51 He was..created bach. of arts. 1705 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. 22 Nov. (O.H.S.) I. 92 The Duke of Argyle is to be created a Peer of this Realme. 1771 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. III. 374 Edward Hyde..was now created a peer by the title of lord Clarendon. a1818 J. Cobb Siege Belgrade (1828) i. i. 10 Now you shall see how his highness is pleased to honour me. I shall certainly be created a pacha of three tails. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People ii. §8. 103 Opposition came from the very prelate whom Henry had created to enforce his will. 1933 Times 25 Jan. 13/5 The Duke then read a declaration creating her a freeman..and gave her the certificate of the company. 1967 Econ. Hist. Rev. 20 556 His descendant, the fourth lord, was created earl of Kent by Edward IV in 1465. 2000 Saga Mag. Feb. 86/2 Like all State Visitors he got the full works, and the Queen created him a Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath. b. transitive. To make, form, set up, or bring into existence (something which has not existed before); to produce (a work of imagination or invention; an artefact).In early use frequently: to bring into legal or official existence. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > [verb (transitive)] > establish legally i-lahie1014 createa1475 constitute1638 the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > imagine or visualize [verb (transitive)] seeOE thinkOE bethinkc1175 devise1340 portraya1375 imagec1390 dreama1393 supposea1393 imaginea1398 conceive?a1425 fantasyc1430 purposea1513 to frame to oneselfa1529 'magine1530 imaginate1541 fancy1551 surmit?1577 surmise1586 conceit?1589 propose1594 ideate1610 project1612 figurea1616 forma1616 to call up1622 propound1634 edify1645 picture1668 create1679 fancify1748 depicture1775 vision1796 to conjure up1819 conjure1820 envisage1836 to dream up1837 visualize1863 envision1921 pre-visualize1969 a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 143 Whan such a counsell is ffully create and estableshed, hit shalbe gode þat all supplicacions..be sende to þe same counsell. 1540 R. Taverner Princ. Lawes Customes & Estatutes Eng. f. 55 Here had bene created a new tenure betwene the feffoure and the feffee. 1592 W. West Symbolæogr.: 1st Pt. §46 D A constitutiue Instrument creating..whereby any estate, propertie, power or obligation, not hauing any essence or being before, is newely raysed and created. 1612 J. Davies Discouerie Causes Ireland 281 With power to create a Manor, and hold a Court Baron. a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. iii. 189 Your eye..would create Soldiours, make our women fight, To doffe their dire distresses. View more context for this quotation 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §102 The Sound is not created between the Bow or Plectrum, and the String; But between the String and the Aire. 1679 J. Dryden Troilus & Cressida Prol. sig. b4 I found not, but created first the Stage. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 131 Thus make they Kings to fill the Regal Seat; And thus their little Citizens create . View more context for this quotation 1746 J. Lockman To 1st Promoter Cambrick & Tea-bills 24 Whence no supplies their imports cou'd create. 1781 G. Selwyn Let. 27 Dec. in 15th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1897) LXII. 553 It would not have entered the head of such farceurs..to suppose he could create a bouleversement d'état. 1798 S. Higginson Let. 13 Dec. in G. Gibbs Mem. Admin. Washington & J. Adams (1846) II. ii. 177 The idea of a permanent loan, of creating a standing national debt, will raise the opposition within doors. 1804 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. IV. 442 The word heirs is not necessary to create an estate in fee-simple. 1823 J. Rutter Delineations of Fonthill 81 That brilliant and excursive genius which created the design. 1854 E. Ronalds & T. Richardson Knapp's Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 225 It is always necessary, before lighting the fire in the stove, to create a draught by heating the chimney. 1883 Proc. 31st Meeting Amer. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 424 When Cuvier and the immortal Lamarck reformed the classification and for the first time created a science of Malacology, opposition was decided and long continued. 1937 J. C. Powys Maiden Castle ii. iii. 108 His mind went faster still..creating and destroying one landscape after another. 1954 W. Lednicki Russia, Poland, & West iii. i. 134 Dostoevsky's admirable ability to create various independent characters..produces the impression of a polyphony. 2006 N. Devon Jrnl. (Nexis) 28 Dec. 23 We used kitchen roll tubes, wobbly eyes, furry fabric, a red serviette and double-sided sticky tape..to create Father Christmases with which to decorate the dining table. c. intransitive. To produce or do something imaginative or inventive. ΚΠ 1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. i. i. 5 To work originally, and in a manner create each time anew, must be a matter of pressing weight, and fitted to..none but the choicest Workmen. 1764 S. Foote Patron i. 3 He has neither genius to create, judgment to distinguish, or generosity to reward. 1775 R. B. Sheridan Rivals Pref. The imagination..becomes suspicious of its offspring, and doubts whether it has created or adopted. 1831 D. Brewster Life I. Newton xix. 330 The inspired genius which creates. 1841 R. W. Emerson Ess. 1st Ser. xii. 299 Art is the need to create; but in its essence..it is impatient of working with lame or tied hands. 1852 F. W. Robertson Serm. 3rd Ser. xii. 147 The mason makes, the architect creates. 1916 F. J. Mather Estimates in Art 142 If we stop with the mere analysis of his technic, we fail to explain why he ever undertook to create. 1997 Times (Nexis) 17 July The urge to create is intricately entwined with the will to destroy... Many of our most powerful artists did not so much develop and perfect the styles and techniques of their predecessors, as shatter them. d. transitive. Of an actor: to be the first to represent (a part or role), and so to give it its character. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > acting > act [verb (transitive)] > a part or character > as first performer of create1848 1848 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. Feb. 185 La Truffi has taken the town by storm in the part of Borgia: her acting is incomparable..and not inferior to the great French actress, Mlle. George, who created the part. 1867 Times 21 Aug. 9/1 We have seen the scene more vehemently played, but never, not even by the great actress who created the part, more earnestly and exquisitely. 1882 R. L. Stevenson New Arabian Nights II. 212 I have created..more than one important rôle. 1900 T. E. Pemberton Kendals 48 She had the opportunity of ‘creating’ two new parts. 1989 New Yorker 11 Dec. 132/2 Callas, the biggest star of recent years, ‘created’ only one role, and that was Eurydice. e. transitive. To design (a costume, a clothing collection, etc.): see creation n. 1c. Also: to design and execute a scheme of interior decoration for (a room). ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > tailor or make clothes [verb (transitive)] > other fur13.. buttonc1380 lashc1440 pointa1470 set1530 tuft1535 vent1547 ruff1548 spangle1548 string1548 superbody1552 to pull out1553 quilt1555 flute1578 seam1590 seed1604 overtrim1622 ruffle1625 tag1627 furbelow1701 tuck1709 flounce1711 pipe1841 skirt1848 ruche1855 pouch1897 panel1901 stag1902 create1908 pin-fit1926 ease1932 pre-board1940 post-board1963 society > occupation and work > industry > decorating and painting > decorate [verb (transitive)] > design decoration create1908 1908 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 30 Aug. 18/6 ‘A white rose reflected in a mirror of moonlight.’.. It is from this description of Wilde's that she created her costume. 1915 J. Buchan Thirty-nine Steps vii. 178 If ever I..had a house of my own, I would create just such a room. 1930 Daily Tel. 7 Apr. 7/7 A brown mixture tweed suit..created by Schiaparelli. 1957 New Yorker 5 Oct. 33/3 The interior-decorating firm that created the foyer. 2008 Sunday Times (Nexis) 10 Feb. 9 London fashion week kicks off today, with chain retailers cherry-picking some of the best new British designers to create collections for their stores. f. intransitive. colloquial. To make a fuss, grumble, complain; (also occasionally) to shout. Also with about, at. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > discontent or dissatisfaction > state of complaining > complain [verb (intransitive)] murkeOE misspeakOE yomer971 chidea1000 murkenOE grutch?c1225 mean?a1300 hum13.. plainta1325 gruntc1325 plainc1325 musea1382 murmurc1390 complain1393 contrary1393 flitec1400 pinea1425 grummec1430 aggrudge1440 hoinec1440 mutterc1450 grudge1461 channerc1480 grunch1487 repine1529 storm?1553 expostulate1561 grumblea1586 gruntle1591 chunter1599 swagger1599 maunder1622 orp1634 objurgate1642 pitter1672 yelp1706 yammer1794 natter1804 murgeon1808 groan1816 squawk1875 jower1879 grouse1887 beef1888 to whip the cat1892 holler1904 yip1907 peeve1912 grouch1916 nark1916 to sound off1918 create1919 moana1922 crib1925 tick1925 bitch1930 gripe1932 bind1942 drip1942 kvetchc1950 to rag on1979 wrinch2011 1919 Athenæum 8 Aug. 729/1 ‘Creating’ is presumably an abbreviation of ‘creating (or making) a fuss’. 1932 S. Gibbons Cold Comfort Farm xviii. 250 Create! I thought 'e'd 'ave to be picked off the ceiling. 1932 S. Gibbons Cold Comfort Farm xviii. 251 'E always creates at me something awful when I've finished telling 'im anything spiteful. 1955 ‘E. C. R. Lorac’ Ask Policeman viii. 92 The old lady came and created about her nephew living here. 1959 M. Hastings Hour-glass to Eternity i. iii. 87 What does he do but come aboard and start creating about the loss of time! 1987 M. Nabb Marshal & Murderer v. 82 She used to be shouting and creating until all hours. 3. transitive. To cause, occasion, produce, or give rise naturally to (a condition or set of circumstances). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] wieldeOE timberc897 letc900 rearOE doOE i-wendeOE workOE makeOE bringc1175 raisec1175 shapec1315 to owe (also have) a wold (also on wield)a1325 procurec1330 purchasec1330 causec1340 conform1377 performa1382 excite1398 induce1413 occasionate?c1450 occasionc1454 to bring about1480 gara1500 to bring to passc1513 encause1527 to work out1534 inferc1540 excitate?1549 import1550 ycause1563 frame1576 effect1581 to bring in1584 effectuatea1586 apport?1591 introduce1605 create1607 generate1607 cast1633 efficiate1639 conciliate1646 impetrate1647 state1654 accompass1668 to bring to bear1668 to bring on1671 effectivate1717 makee1719 superinduce1837 birth1913 1607 J. Marston What you Will i. i. sig. B2v Diuerse cates the pallats scence delight And with fresh tast creates new appetite. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iv. i. 244 O Ceremonie..Art thou ought else but Place, Degree, and Forme, Creating awe and feare in other men? View more context for this quotation 1670 H. Stubbe Plus Ultra 150 The reflexion of the glasses..did create a corona of several colours. 1709 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1886) II. 185 'Tis only fit to create Mirth. c1720 W. Gibson Farriers New Guide ii. lxiii. 259 A mishapen or rusty Bit..will create those sort of Ulcers the Farriers call cankers. 1773 J. Wedgwood Let. 19 Dec. in Sel. Lett. (1965) 157 These all-sufficient Men create one a vast deal of plague and trouble. 1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II I. ii. vi. 401 Long before that time, the project had taken wind, and created a general sensation through the country. 1873 W. Black Princess of Thule xii. 190 She failed to create any profound impression. 1976 Ilkeston Advertiser 10 Dec. 1/4 Our conclusion is that to allow parking on South Street..would create more problems than it would solve. 1995 Virginia Gaz. 18 Jan. a11/1 The highway department has no incentive to give people heads-up about something that might create a backlash. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.a1425v.c1405 |
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