couriern.

Brit.

/ˈkʊrɪə/,

/ˈkʌrɪə/, U.S.

/ˈkʊriər/,

/ˈkəriər/

Forms:

α. Middle English corour, Middle English corrour, Middle English corroure, Middle English courour, Middle English courrour, Middle English crour (transmission error), Middle English curour, Middle English curroure, Middle English currowre, Middle English currur, Middle English–1600s currour, 1500s courar, 1500s currar, 1500s–1600s courror, 1500s–1600s currer, 1500s–1600s curror; Scottish pre-1700 curour, pre-1700 curror, pre-1700 currour, pre-1700 currowr, pre-1700 currur, pre-1700 currure.

β. 1500s corrier, 1500s curayer, 1500s–1600s curreour, 1500s–1600s curriour (chiefly Scottish), 1500s–1700s currier, 1500s–1700s currior, 1500s– courier, 1600s–1900s courrier.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French corour, courrier.

Etymology: Apparently a merging of two borrowings of distinct but related and partly synonymous words: (i) (represented by the α. forms) < Anglo-Norman corour, currour, Anglo-Norman and Middle French coureour, Middle French coreor (French coureur ) (noun) runner (12th cent. in Anglo-Norman), scout (12th cent. in Old French), messenger (13th cent.: see note), fast horse (mid 15th cent.), (adjective) (of a horse) swift, fast (12th cent.) < courir to run (see current adj.) + -eur -eur suffix; (ii) (represented by the β. forms) < French courrier, †courier messenger (14th cent in Middle French), also used in the titles of newspapers (a1632) < Italian corriere messenger (13th cent.) < correre to run (13th cent.; < classical Latin currere : see current adj.) + -iere -ier suffix.Romance parallels. With (i) compare Old Occitan corredor , Spanish corredor (12th cent.), Portuguese corredor (13th cent.), all in sense ‘runner’, Italian corridore action of running (12th cent.), competitor in a horse race (14th cent.). With (ii) compare post-classical Latin correrius , currerius runner, messenger (12th cent., earliest in Italian sources), and also French (northern) corier person delivering goods (13th cent. in an isolated attestation). The French words have always been distinct in form and only overlapped semantically in the sense ‘messenger’; in this sense coureur was never common, and was superseded by courrier in the late medieval or early modern period. Specific senses. With steed courier at sense 2 compare e.g. Old French ceval coureor and Anglo-Norman chevau curur (12th cent.), and Old French, Middle French destrier coureour (13th cent.; compare destrier n.). Sense 3 does not appear to have a direct model in French, but compare (with reference to roaming the countryside) e.g. Middle French coureur highwayman (a1407), itinerant trader (15th cent.). With sense 4 compare vaunt-courier n. and its etymon Middle French avant-coureur scout, herald (see avant-courier n.); compare also Middle French arriere coureurs (plural) rearguard (15th cent.). Possible early surname evidence. Apparent early attestations as a surname in Scotland: e.g. Willelmum Currour (1294), Nicol Corour (1296), Walter le Corour (1305), have sometimes been taken to imply earlier currency of this word in sense 3; however, they cannot reliably be distinguished from surnames reflecting currier n.¹, and it is also uncertain whether they should be interpreted as showing the Anglo-Norman or the Older Scots word. Early examples of a similar name in England pose the same problems; e.g. Thomas Corour (1331), Willelmus Coreour , David Coreor (both 1379). Variant forms. The shift from the α. forms to the β. forms occurred in the course of the 16th and 17th centuries, at a similar time as the shift towards courrier to denote a messenger in French; however, in English, this change affected most senses (and all those which survived the period).

a. A messenger who runs; a person who travels with letters, dispatches, etc., esp. along a fixed route; an express messenger. Also figurative. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > message > [noun] > messenger > running or express messenger

couriera1382

scarceler14..

cursor1566

pattamar1598

cursitora1604

express1619

cossid1682

tappal-wallah1865

α.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 370) (1850) 2 Chron. xxx. 6 Curours wenten with letters.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. viii. xv. 483 Mercurius..is iclepid in fablis þe currour of goddis.

a1425 (?a1350) Seven Sages (Galba) (1907) l. 353 (MED) Þe Emperoure cald currurs twa, And bad þam swith þat þai sold ga His erand to þe Seuyn Sages.

a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) l. 24262 (MED) Of Deth I am corour.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. 821 He was the common currer and daylie messenger betwene them.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 60/1 The Currour at Arms, or Foot Messengers of Arms.

β. 1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin x. 568 The Pope sent to him dayly corriers and postes.1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon ii. vii. 338 Dispatching away an express Currier the next morning.1815 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) XII. 239 I will write to his Lordship by the next Courier.2014 T. A. Permar Navigating Amer. West ii. v. 75/1 Systems of native runners or couriers were common throughout the Americas, and they carried messages with surprising speed and range.

b. A person employed to carry intelligence, mail, etc., esp. for the armed services, a diplomatic service, or for an espionage network or other underground organization.Sometimes difficult to distinguish from senses 1a and 4.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > secret observation, spying > [noun] > information exchange > collector or transmitter

courier1703

post office1885

1703 Daily Courant 19 June On the 10th arriv'd a Courier from the Army in Italy, with Advice, That the Duke de Vendome..march'd by the way of Carpi and Zelo to Massa.

1803 Newcastle Courant 23 July A Russian courier, carrying dispatches from Petersburgh to Vienna was recently murdered in Poland.

1957 H. Roosenburg Walls came tumbling Down 8 She..became a courier..for a resistance group that transmitted intelligence..to the Dutch government in London.

2005 P. R. Keefe Chatter iv. 88 Rusbridger himself often said he had worked behind the Iron Curtain for MI6 as a ‘bagman’, or courier.

†c. A conveyance or vehicle regularly used to deliver messages, mail, etc., esp. along a fixed route, and also frequently carrying paying passengers. Cf. post n.³ 3. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1798 T. Jones Memoirs (1951) 103 Towne set off by the Courier for Rome.

a1861 A. H. Clough Poems & Prose Remains (1869) II. 402 Down drove the diligence that bears the mail; The courier therefore called, in whose banquette A place I got.

1922 Asia June 477/1 The ordinary government courrier was the ‘arabah express’. It was a crude affair, a small, springless wagon, drawn by two lively little ponies and bearing the red flag of government service.

d. A person employed to transport contraband goods, esp. drugs. Cf. mule n.¹ 2c.

ΚΠ

1938 Times 20 Oct. 13/2 The occupants, a man and his wife, were arrested and proved..to be the ‘couriers’ of a ring of Jewish émigrés in Holland.

2006 J. Robson Keeping it Real xi. 98 Then Customs and Excise got a lead on one of these couriers when a packet of magicopharmaceuticals she was carrying internally burst and killed her.

e. A person who, or company which, transports packages and documents on a commercial basis. Cf. bike courier n. at bike n.² Compounds 4.Frequently as a modifier: see also Compounds 1a.Courier companies now typically use a coordinated network of vehicles and distribution centres, and a computerized system for tracking the progress of individual deliveries.

ΚΠ

1980 Amer. Bar Assoc. Jrnl. 66 1279 (advt.) We are the only national courier that can deliver your package up to 400 miles overnight on the ground.

1991 Incentive Today Oct. 56/3 Olympus vouchers come in denominations of £5 and £10 and are presented in a complimentary wallet. All their vouchers are security numbered and orders over £5,000 are sent by courier.

2007 Guardian 10 Dec. (Office Hours Suppl.) 3/5 If your organisation is the type where drop offs are made to the postroom from couriers as well as trusty old Royal Mail, you could find yourself enjoying deskside deliveries three or four times a day.

†2. A swift horse, a courser. Also more fully steed courier. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > used in war or charger

courserc1300

destrierc1300

high horsec1380

courierc1400

light horse?1473

stirring horse1477

horse of service1577

warhorse1586

trooper1640

dragooner1642

charging-horse1695

troop-gelding1702

charger1762

war-steed1776

troop-horse1859

c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) l. 2471 (MED) He dooþ hym on a stede corroure [a1425 Linc. Inn corour] And fleiȝeþ away wiþouten socoure.

?1553 tr. Pope Pius II Hist. Ladye Lucres & Eurialus sig. A.iv Eurialus was mounted vpon an hyghe rayned courier, with a smal head.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. vii. 23 Heauens Cherubin, hors'd Vpon the sightlesse Curriors of the Ayre, Shall blow the horrid deed in euery eye.

†3. Scottish. A person employed to oversee a forest; a ranger. Obsolete.Recorded earliest in courier stead (cf. Compounds 1a).

ΚΠ

1423 in J. M. Thomson Registrum Magni Sigilli Scotorum (1912) I. 11/2 Twa forestar stedis wythin Schutynlewarde, lyand betwix the masterstede and the currourstede off the ward off the Yharow.

1473 Extracts Rec. in W. Chambers Charters Burgh Peebles (1872) 20 Oure balyeis, currouris, officiaris, and ministeris of oure saide forest of Ettrik.

1509 in D. H. Fleming Registrum Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1921) I. 285/1 Dischargeing his ballies, commissaris of his forest courtis, or currouris of his said forest [of Ettrick]..of the takyn of ony entreis in the said steding.

†4. Military. A light horseman acting as scout or skirmisher. Cf. avant-courier n., vaunt-courier n. Obsolete.Sometimes difficult to distinguish from sense 1b.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier with special duty > [noun] > skirmisher

courier1523

skirmisher1565

straggler1589

bickerer1611

tirailleur1796

voltigeur1805

Bashi-Bazouk1855

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. xlvii. 67 They met with a xxv. currours of the frenchmen.

1603 M. Drayton Barrons Wars i. xliii. 15 Fit'st for scouts and Currers to discry.

1720 J. Hughes Siege Damascus iv. ii. 45 At Break of Day th' Arabian Scouts had seiz'd A second Courier, and from him 'tis learn'd That on their March the Army mutiny'd.

5. In early use: a servant employed to accompany a traveller or travelling party and to make all the arrangements connected with the journey. Later: a person employed to guide and assist a group of tourists.Originally referring to a mounted servant sent in advance of a carriage to secure relays of horses at each stage and to arrange accommodation for the travellers at inns.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > [noun] > plan or scheme of travel > courier

courier?1589

mehmandar1623

?1589 Fox Mr. H. Cavendish his Journey Constantinople 8 in Camden Misc. (1940) XVII We hyred..a horse and the postmaster or curayer to fynd and bear all chargys bothe for horse and men to Vennys.

1771 Ann. Reg. 1770 106 Naples. The Duke of Dorset arrived here on Thursday last, and his courier, a Piedmontese.

1867 M. E. Braddon Run to Earth III. i. 2 The door was opened by..Paulina's confidential courier and butler.

1885 J. Ruskin Præterita I. vi. 183 A high class courier, well acquainted with the proper sights to be seen in each town.

1995 G. Joyce Requiem x. 51 She had been a holiday courier in Spain, a timeshare-shark in the Canary Isles, a Butlin's Redcoat, an adventure-playground worker.

6. Usually with capital initial. As the title, or forming part of the title, of various newspapers.

ΚΠ

1738 Lit. Courier Grub-st. 5 Jan. The Literary Courier shall take in Letters, Essays, or Verses upon Political subjects, as well as all other, on both sides of the Question.

1798 Anti-Jacobin 9 July 286/1 Couriers and Stars, Sedition's Evening Host.

1821 T. B. Macaulay Let. 9 Aug. in Sel. Lett. (1982) 27 Though the last bulletin which I have seen, that in the Courier of Monday, was favourable, her state appeared precarious.

1996 Observer 31 Mar. 10/2 The local paper, the Courier, has three pages of readers' letters, most of them disgusted about something or other.

7. Usually with capital initial. (The name of) a roman slab serif typeface with characters of an equal width, resembling that of a traditional manual typewriter; later also in the names of various typefaces or fonts resembling or created in imitation of this.The original Courier typeface was designed by IBM in the mid 1950s.

ΚΠ

1960 IBM Electric Typewriter Catal. 5 This is a sample of IBM Courier Type, prepared on the IBM Electric Typewriter.

1988 Design Graphics World Feb. 32/3 The printer has three resident fonts—Courier, Gothic and Prestige—and three character sets.

2018 Winchester (Va.) Star 18 Jan. b7/7 Arial, Courier and Verdana are good fonts for reading.

Compounds

C1.

a. General use as a modifier (now frequently in sense 1e), as in courier company, courier service, etc.

ΚΠ

1423 in J. M. Thomson Registrum Magni Sigilli Scotorum (1912) I. 11/2 Twa forestar stedis wythin Schutynlewarde, lyand betwix the masterstede and the currourstede off the ward off the Yharow.

1874 C. Schreiber Jrnl. 12 Apr. (1911) I. 272 Saw there old Hockster, the courier-dealer.

1958 ‘N. Shute’ Rainbow & Rose i. 4 In 1942 I had met him in Cairo when he was flying a courier service to England.

1963 P. MacTyre Fish on Hook vii. 111 Is he running a courier service, or an escape route, as part of a spy system?

1995 M. Lewis Singapore: Rough Guide 5/2 The only courier company to operate to Singapore is Polo Express.

2010 J. L. Hall Grant Managem. vii. 251 Electronic submission is costless to the submitter, whereas paper submissions required postage or courier fees.

b. As a modifier, with the sense ‘by means of a courier; by courier’, as in courier-borne, courier-delivered, courier-sent, etc.

ΚΠ

1868 Pall Mall Gaz. 10 June 4/1 Courier-borne news..can reach England as quickly by way of Peshawur as by way of..the Russian telegraph.

1994 Daily Mail 1 Dec. 35/2 She herself had been dropped (in a six-page courier delivered letter) by Sylvester Stallone with whom she had shared almost six years.

2014 E. G. Longacre Early Morning War xvi. 440 To the general's manifest disgust, another courier-borne message ordered him to defer attacking and hold his position.

C2.

courier bag n. a strong bag for holding documents and small packages, typically one with a shoulder strap worn across the body.

ΚΠ

1848 Manch. Guardian 13 May 6/3 German Courier Bag.

1880 Art Amateur 3 44/3 Such a comprehensive guide-book as this, which is not too bulky to put in a lady's satchel or in a gentleman's ‘courier-bag’, will be found invaluable to the tourist.

2005 Cycle World Nov. 100/1 As a quick place to sling documents, books, and the miscellaneous detritus of a normal commute, the classic over-the-opposite-shoulder courier bag is difficult to beat.

Derivatives

ˈcourierish adj. rare characteristic of a courier.

ΚΠ

1879 G. A. Sala Paris herself Again II. iii. 36 Using in his courierish conscientiousness about fifty words.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	courier
释义	couriern. Brit. /ˈkʊrɪə/, /ˈkʌrɪə/, U.S. /ˈkʊriər/, /ˈkəriər/ Forms: α. Middle English corour, Middle English corrour, Middle English corroure, Middle English courour, Middle English courrour, Middle English crour (transmission error), Middle English curour, Middle English curroure, Middle English currowre, Middle English currur, Middle English–1600s currour, 1500s courar, 1500s currar, 1500s–1600s courror, 1500s–1600s currer, 1500s–1600s curror; Scottish pre-1700 curour, pre-1700 curror, pre-1700 currour, pre-1700 currowr, pre-1700 currur, pre-1700 currure. β. 1500s corrier, 1500s curayer, 1500s–1600s curreour, 1500s–1600s curriour (chiefly Scottish), 1500s–1700s currier, 1500s–1700s currior, 1500s– courier, 1600s–1900s courrier. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French corour, courrier. Etymology: Apparently a merging of two borrowings of distinct but related and partly synonymous words: (i) (represented by the α. forms) < Anglo-Norman corour, currour, Anglo-Norman and Middle French coureour, Middle French coreor (French coureur ) (noun) runner (12th cent. in Anglo-Norman), scout (12th cent. in Old French), messenger (13th cent.: see note), fast horse (mid 15th cent.), (adjective) (of a horse) swift, fast (12th cent.) < courir to run (see current adj.) + -eur -eur suffix; (ii) (represented by the β. forms) < French courrier, †courier messenger (14th cent in Middle French), also used in the titles of newspapers (a1632) < Italian corriere messenger (13th cent.) < correre to run (13th cent.; < classical Latin currere : see current adj.) + -iere -ier suffix.Romance parallels. With (i) compare Old Occitan corredor , Spanish corredor (12th cent.), Portuguese corredor (13th cent.), all in sense ‘runner’, Italian corridore action of running (12th cent.), competitor in a horse race (14th cent.). With (ii) compare post-classical Latin correrius , currerius runner, messenger (12th cent., earliest in Italian sources), and also French (northern) corier person delivering goods (13th cent. in an isolated attestation). The French words have always been distinct in form and only overlapped semantically in the sense ‘messenger’; in this sense coureur was never common, and was superseded by courrier in the late medieval or early modern period. Specific senses. With steed courier at sense 2 compare e.g. Old French ceval coureor and Anglo-Norman chevau curur (12th cent.), and Old French, Middle French destrier coureour (13th cent.; compare destrier n.). Sense 3 does not appear to have a direct model in French, but compare (with reference to roaming the countryside) e.g. Middle French coureur highwayman (a1407), itinerant trader (15th cent.). With sense 4 compare vaunt-courier n. and its etymon Middle French avant-coureur scout, herald (see avant-courier n.); compare also Middle French arriere coureurs (plural) rearguard (15th cent.). Possible early surname evidence. Apparent early attestations as a surname in Scotland: e.g. Willelmum Currour (1294), Nicol Corour (1296), Walter le Corour (1305), have sometimes been taken to imply earlier currency of this word in sense 3; however, they cannot reliably be distinguished from surnames reflecting currier n.¹, and it is also uncertain whether they should be interpreted as showing the Anglo-Norman or the Older Scots word. Early examples of a similar name in England pose the same problems; e.g. Thomas Corour (1331), Willelmus Coreour , David Coreor (both 1379). Variant forms. The shift from the α. forms to the β. forms occurred in the course of the 16th and 17th centuries, at a similar time as the shift towards courrier to denote a messenger in French; however, in English, this change affected most senses (and all those which survived the period). 1. a. A messenger who runs; a person who travels with letters, dispatches, etc., esp. along a fixed route; an express messenger. Also figurative. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > message > [noun] > messenger > running or express messenger couriera1382 scarceler14.. cursor1566 pattamar1598 cursitora1604 express1619 cossid1682 tappal-wallah1865 α. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 370) (1850) 2 Chron. xxx. 6 Curours wenten with letters. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. viii. xv. 483 Mercurius..is iclepid in fablis þe currour of goddis. a1425 (?a1350) Seven Sages (Galba) (1907) l. 353 (MED) Þe Emperoure cald currurs twa, And bad þam swith þat þai sold ga His erand to þe Seuyn Sages. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) l. 24262 (MED) Of Deth I am corour. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. 821 He was the common currer and daylie messenger betwene them. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 60/1 The Currour at Arms, or Foot Messengers of Arms. β. 1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin x. 568 The Pope sent to him dayly corriers and postes.1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon ii. vii. 338 Dispatching away an express Currier the next morning.1815 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) XII. 239 I will write to his Lordship by the next Courier.2014 T. A. Permar Navigating Amer. West ii. v. 75/1 Systems of native runners or couriers were common throughout the Americas, and they carried messages with surprising speed and range. b. A person employed to carry intelligence, mail, etc., esp. for the armed services, a diplomatic service, or for an espionage network or other underground organization.Sometimes difficult to distinguish from senses 1a and 4. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > secret observation, spying > [noun] > information exchange > collector or transmitter courier1703 post office1885 1703 Daily Courant 19 June On the 10th arriv'd a Courier from the Army in Italy, with Advice, That the Duke de Vendome..march'd by the way of Carpi and Zelo to Massa. 1803 Newcastle Courant 23 July A Russian courier, carrying dispatches from Petersburgh to Vienna was recently murdered in Poland. 1957 H. Roosenburg Walls came tumbling Down 8 She..became a courier..for a resistance group that transmitted intelligence..to the Dutch government in London. 2005 P. R. Keefe Chatter iv. 88 Rusbridger himself often said he had worked behind the Iron Curtain for MI6 as a ‘bagman’, or courier. †c. A conveyance or vehicle regularly used to deliver messages, mail, etc., esp. along a fixed route, and also frequently carrying paying passengers. Cf. post n.³ 3. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1798 T. Jones Memoirs (1951) 103 Towne set off by the Courier for Rome. a1861 A. H. Clough Poems & Prose Remains (1869) II. 402 Down drove the diligence that bears the mail; The courier therefore called, in whose banquette A place I got. 1922 Asia June 477/1 The ordinary government courrier was the ‘arabah express’. It was a crude affair, a small, springless wagon, drawn by two lively little ponies and bearing the red flag of government service. d. A person employed to transport contraband goods, esp. drugs. Cf. mule n.¹ 2c. ΚΠ 1938 Times 20 Oct. 13/2 The occupants, a man and his wife, were arrested and proved..to be the ‘couriers’ of a ring of Jewish émigrés in Holland. 2006 J. Robson Keeping it Real xi. 98 Then Customs and Excise got a lead on one of these couriers when a packet of magicopharmaceuticals she was carrying internally burst and killed her. e. A person who, or company which, transports packages and documents on a commercial basis. Cf. bike courier n. at bike n.² Compounds 4.Frequently as a modifier: see also Compounds 1a.Courier companies now typically use a coordinated network of vehicles and distribution centres, and a computerized system for tracking the progress of individual deliveries. ΚΠ 1980 Amer. Bar Assoc. Jrnl. 66 1279 (advt.) We are the only national courier that can deliver your package up to 400 miles overnight on the ground. 1991 Incentive Today Oct. 56/3 Olympus vouchers come in denominations of £5 and £10 and are presented in a complimentary wallet. All their vouchers are security numbered and orders over £5,000 are sent by courier. 2007 Guardian 10 Dec. (Office Hours Suppl.) 3/5 If your organisation is the type where drop offs are made to the postroom from couriers as well as trusty old Royal Mail, you could find yourself enjoying deskside deliveries three or four times a day. †2. A swift horse, a courser. Also more fully steed courier. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > used in war or charger courserc1300 destrierc1300 high horsec1380 courierc1400 light horse?1473 stirring horse1477 horse of service1577 warhorse1586 trooper1640 dragooner1642 charging-horse1695 troop-gelding1702 charger1762 war-steed1776 troop-horse1859 c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) l. 2471 (MED) He dooþ hym on a stede corroure [a1425 Linc. Inn corour] And fleiȝeþ away wiþouten socoure. ?1553 tr. Pope Pius II Hist. Ladye Lucres & Eurialus sig. A.iv Eurialus was mounted vpon an hyghe rayned courier, with a smal head. a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. vii. 23 Heauens Cherubin, hors'd Vpon the sightlesse Curriors of the Ayre, Shall blow the horrid deed in euery eye. †3. Scottish. A person employed to oversee a forest; a ranger. Obsolete.Recorded earliest in courier stead (cf. Compounds 1a). ΚΠ 1423 in J. M. Thomson Registrum Magni Sigilli Scotorum (1912) I. 11/2 Twa forestar stedis wythin Schutynlewarde, lyand betwix the masterstede and the currourstede off the ward off the Yharow. 1473 Extracts Rec. in W. Chambers Charters Burgh Peebles (1872) 20 Oure balyeis, currouris, officiaris, and ministeris of oure saide forest of Ettrik. 1509 in D. H. Fleming Registrum Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1921) I. 285/1 Dischargeing his ballies, commissaris of his forest courtis, or currouris of his said forest [of Ettrick]..of the takyn of ony entreis in the said steding. †4. Military. A light horseman acting as scout or skirmisher. Cf. avant-courier n., vaunt-courier n. Obsolete.Sometimes difficult to distinguish from sense 1b. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier with special duty > [noun] > skirmisher courier1523 skirmisher1565 straggler1589 bickerer1611 tirailleur1796 voltigeur1805 Bashi-Bazouk1855 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. xlvii. 67 They met with a xxv. currours of the frenchmen. 1603 M. Drayton Barrons Wars i. xliii. 15 Fit'st for scouts and Currers to discry. 1720 J. Hughes Siege Damascus iv. ii. 45 At Break of Day th' Arabian Scouts had seiz'd A second Courier, and from him 'tis learn'd That on their March the Army mutiny'd. 5. In early use: a servant employed to accompany a traveller or travelling party and to make all the arrangements connected with the journey. Later: a person employed to guide and assist a group of tourists.Originally referring to a mounted servant sent in advance of a carriage to secure relays of horses at each stage and to arrange accommodation for the travellers at inns. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > [noun] > plan or scheme of travel > courier courier?1589 mehmandar1623 ?1589 Fox Mr. H. Cavendish his Journey Constantinople 8 in Camden Misc. (1940) XVII We hyred..a horse and the postmaster or curayer to fynd and bear all chargys bothe for horse and men to Vennys. 1771 Ann. Reg. 1770 106 Naples. The Duke of Dorset arrived here on Thursday last, and his courier, a Piedmontese. 1867 M. E. Braddon Run to Earth III. i. 2 The door was opened by..Paulina's confidential courier and butler. 1885 J. Ruskin Præterita I. vi. 183 A high class courier, well acquainted with the proper sights to be seen in each town. 1995 G. Joyce Requiem x. 51 She had been a holiday courier in Spain, a timeshare-shark in the Canary Isles, a Butlin's Redcoat, an adventure-playground worker. 6. Usually with capital initial. As the title, or forming part of the title, of various newspapers. ΚΠ 1738 Lit. Courier Grub-st. 5 Jan. The Literary Courier shall take in Letters, Essays, or Verses upon Political subjects, as well as all other, on both sides of the Question. 1798 Anti-Jacobin 9 July 286/1 Couriers and Stars, Sedition's Evening Host. 1821 T. B. Macaulay Let. 9 Aug. in Sel. Lett. (1982) 27 Though the last bulletin which I have seen, that in the Courier of Monday, was favourable, her state appeared precarious. 1996 Observer 31 Mar. 10/2 The local paper, the Courier, has three pages of readers' letters, most of them disgusted about something or other. 7. Usually with capital initial. (The name of) a roman slab serif typeface with characters of an equal width, resembling that of a traditional manual typewriter; later also in the names of various typefaces or fonts resembling or created in imitation of this.The original Courier typeface was designed by IBM in the mid 1950s. ΚΠ 1960 IBM Electric Typewriter Catal. 5 This is a sample of IBM Courier Type, prepared on the IBM Electric Typewriter. 1988 Design Graphics World Feb. 32/3 The printer has three resident fonts—Courier, Gothic and Prestige—and three character sets. 2018 Winchester (Va.) Star 18 Jan. b7/7 Arial, Courier and Verdana are good fonts for reading. Compounds C1. a. General use as a modifier (now frequently in sense 1e), as in courier company, courier service, etc. ΚΠ 1423 in J. M. Thomson Registrum Magni Sigilli Scotorum (1912) I. 11/2 Twa forestar stedis wythin Schutynlewarde, lyand betwix the masterstede and the currourstede off the ward off the Yharow. 1874 C. Schreiber Jrnl. 12 Apr. (1911) I. 272 Saw there old Hockster, the courier-dealer. 1958 ‘N. Shute’ Rainbow & Rose i. 4 In 1942 I had met him in Cairo when he was flying a courier service to England. 1963 P. MacTyre Fish on Hook vii. 111 Is he running a courier service, or an escape route, as part of a spy system? 1995 M. Lewis Singapore: Rough Guide 5/2 The only courier company to operate to Singapore is Polo Express. 2010 J. L. Hall Grant Managem. vii. 251 Electronic submission is costless to the submitter, whereas paper submissions required postage or courier fees. b. As a modifier, with the sense ‘by means of a courier; by courier’, as in courier-borne, courier-delivered, courier-sent, etc. ΚΠ 1868 Pall Mall Gaz. 10 June 4/1 Courier-borne news..can reach England as quickly by way of Peshawur as by way of..the Russian telegraph. 1994 Daily Mail 1 Dec. 35/2 She herself had been dropped (in a six-page courier delivered letter) by Sylvester Stallone with whom she had shared almost six years. 2014 E. G. Longacre Early Morning War xvi. 440 To the general's manifest disgust, another courier-borne message ordered him to defer attacking and hold his position. C2. courier bag n. a strong bag for holding documents and small packages, typically one with a shoulder strap worn across the body. ΚΠ 1848 Manch. Guardian 13 May 6/3 German Courier Bag. 1880 Art Amateur 3 44/3 Such a comprehensive guide-book as this, which is not too bulky to put in a lady's satchel or in a gentleman's ‘courier-bag’, will be found invaluable to the tourist. 2005 Cycle World Nov. 100/1 As a quick place to sling documents, books, and the miscellaneous detritus of a normal commute, the classic over-the-opposite-shoulder courier bag is difficult to beat. Derivatives ˈcourierish adj. rare characteristic of a courier. ΚΠ 1879 G. A. Sala Paris herself Again II. iii. 36 Using in his courierish conscientiousness about fifty words. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). courierv. Brit. /ˈkʊrɪə/, /ˈkʌrɪə/, U.S. /ˈkʊriər/, /ˈkəriər/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: courier n. Etymology: < courier n. Compare earlier couriering n. 1. a. transitive. To send, transport, or disseminate (information, goods, documents, etc.), esp. by courier.In quot. 1835 punning on Courier in newspaper titles (see courier n. 6), as likewise Chronicle, Express, and Telegraph. ΚΠ 1835 Standard 8 Dec. We see his signs and utterances..chronicled in black letter; expressed by sun-rise; couriered in the evening, and telegraphed to the utmost limits of the globe. 1844 Builder 6 Apr. 181/2 The College..shall flourish, and..still be shedding the cheerfulness of its countenance into all lands, wherever Anglo-Saxon perseverance shall courier Anglian merchandise, and literature, and civilization. 1950 Van Wert (Ohio) Times-Bulletin 19 July 1/3 He is accused of couriering information, received from three others under arrest, to Soviet agents. 2008 Stanford Law Rev. 60 1992 Only one CIA officer may review the notes, which are then couriered to Washington rather than mailed. b. transitive. To attend, accompany, or escort (a traveller or vehicle) as a courier. Cf. courier n. 5. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > guide, lead, or show the way [verb (intransitive)] > courier courier1921 society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > show (the way) [verb (transitive)] > courier courier1921 1921 W. R. Benét in F. Wilkinson New Voices 372 Marquises and admirals and barons of delight All courier his chariot. 1962 P. Purser Peregrination 22 i. 8 I'd..couriered two parties to a Berlin festival. 1985 G. Seymour Field of Blood (1999) iv. 92 There was the boy that couriered him to the meeting with us. 2. intransitive. To act as a courier (in various senses). ΚΠ 1851 T. Carlyle Let. 28 Sept. in T. Carlyle & J. W. Carlyle Coll. Lett. (1998) XXVI. 186 Browning couriered in the most perfect style all the way to Paris, and I had not the least thing to do, but sit still and look about me. 1959 Encounter Dec. 53/2 Padmore couriered across Europe in the service of the Party, organising and taking risks. 2011 N. Poell Post-apocalypse Dead-letter Office 78 He looked at me and the flour back and forth a few times and asked me whether I was couriering for the eastern cartel. Derivatives ˈcouriered adj. sent by courier. ΚΠ 1992 Sunday Times of India 8 Mar. 13/2 Living in the faster track means a marriage with personal computers, fax machines, speed-post, couriered parcels, carry-home gizmos, cellular phones. 2013 J. Pollard Search Shipki La xxii. 161 He telephoned Detective Charoenkul, told him what he had learned, and promised to call him when the couriered documents arrived. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1382v.1835
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couriern.

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courierv.

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