crispn.

Brit.

/krɪsp/, U.S.

/krɪsp/

Forms: Also Middle English–1500s crysp, kirsp, kyrsp, 1500s kersp, 1500s–1600s crispe.

Etymology: apparently < crisp adj.; compare 16th cent. French crespe crape or material for veils, modern French crêpe crape. In the entries in the Testamenta Eboracensia ‘cryspe’ appears to interchange with ‘cypres’ = Cyprus lawn: see cypress n.³ 1c.

†1. Some thin or delicate textile fabric, used esp. by women for veils or head-coverings; ? a crape-like material. Cf. crisp adj. 3. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric with specific qualities > [noun] > thin, light, or delicate > for clothing

crisp1397

peeling1671

barége1828

Henrietta cloth1842

Tibet1857

piuma1858

crystalline1867

fluff1875

nun's veiling1882

zenana1890

voilette1908

Palm Beach1911

1397 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1836) I. 220 Flameolam me' de crispo.

1402 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1836) I. 289 ij flameola de cipres.

1415 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1836) I. 382 Flameolum de krespe.

1498 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 392 Item, for xxiiij elne of kyrsp to hir for ilk elne iijs iiijd.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxx. 414 And Nell with hir nyfyls Of crisp and of sylke.

?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 44 A curche, of kersp allther fynest.

a1513 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen in Poems (1998) I. 41 Curches..of kirsp cleir and thin.

?1590–1 J. Burel Discription Queens Entry Edinb. in Poems sig. M2 A robe, Of clenely crispe side to his kneis.

1619 S. Purchas Microcosmus xxvii. 268 The new deuised names of Stuffes and Colours, Crispe, Tamet, Plush..Callimanco, Sattinisco.

†2. A head-covering or veil made of this material. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > other

dorlot1340

horn1340

vitremytec1386

templesc1430

bycocket1464

burlet1490

knapscall1498

shapion1504

shaffron1511

paste1527

attire1530

faille1530

muzzle1542

corneta1547

abacot1548

wase1548

wrapper1548

tiring1552

basket1555

bilimenta1556

Paris head1561

shadow1578

head-roll1583

mitre1585

whitehead1588

crispa1592

ship-tire1602

oreillet1603

scoffion1604

coif1617

aigrette1631

egreta1645

drail1647

topknotc1686

slop1688

Burgundy1701

bandore1708

fly-cap1753

capriole1756

lappet-head1761

fly1773

turban1776

pouf1788

knapscapa1802

chip1804

toque1817

bonnet1837

casquette1840

war bonnet1845

taj1851

pugree1859

kennel1896

roach1910

Deely bobber1982

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > veil > types of

flockard1465

power1526

crispa1592

fall1611

mant1651

mantilla1717

bridal veil1769

litham1839

voilette1842

yashmak1844

weeper1845

birdcage veil1888

fingertip veil1888

ghoonghat1916

spiderveil1922

niqab1936

full veil1937

a1592 R. Greene Mamillia (1593) ii. sig. H^v Needlesse noughts, as crisps, and scarphes worne Alla Morisco.

1597 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae (ed. 2) 113 Ane cleinlie Crispe hang ouir his eyis [Latinized by Dempster Involvens nivea de sindone lumina velo].

1608 T. Hudson tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Ivdith iv. 57 in J. Sylvester Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) Vpon her head a siluer crisp shee pind, Loose wauing on her shoulders with the wind.

†3. A crisp kind of pastry made by dropping batter into boiling fat. [So Old French crispes in W. de Biblesworth.] Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > pastry > other pastry articles > [noun]

crisp?c1390

mellinder1604

baby cakea1637

cannelons1733

yule-dough1777

vol-au-vent1828

sausage roll1852

cheese fingers1863

cheese straw1866

horn1908

pig in a blanket1926

brik1938

chin-chin1948

pull-apart1958

fortune cookie1962

feuilleté1970

money bag1993

?c1390 Form of Cury 73 Cryspes.

a1422 Courses Dinner in H. Gilbert Queene Elizabethes Achademy (1869) i. 91 Cryspes fryez.

c1430 Two Cookery-bks. 44 Cryspez.

1450 Two Cookery-bks. 93 Cryspes.

†4. A curl (of hair); esp. a short or close curl. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > hair > hair of head > curl > [noun]

feak1548

lovelock1592

crisple1594

curl1604

cockle1608

crisp1638

ringlet1645

cockera1653

heartbreaker1654

moustache1662

confidenta1685

cruchea1685

passagerea1685

favourite1690

wimpler1724

cannon1774

whisker1786

favori1801

curlet1803

tendril1814

sausage curl1828

spit-curl1831

crimp1855

curdle1860

number sices1861

whiskerette1880

1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 325 They..weare their hayre pretty long, and about their crispes wreath a valuable Shash or Tulipant.

c1680 in Roxburghe Ballads VI. 278 Those bright locks of hair Spreading o're each ear, Every crisp and curle.

5. The ‘crackling’ of roast pork. Obsolete exc. dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > pork > [noun] > rind

swardc1430

crisp1675

crackling1708

spine1847

swad1877

1675 T. Duffett Mock-tempest ii. ii. 19 Methinks I hear a great she Devil, call for [a] Groats worth of the Crispe of my Countenance.

1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Crisp, pork crackling. South.

6. An overdone piece of anything cooked, fried, or roasted; usually in to a crisp. Also transferred. Originally U.S.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > food by way of preparation > [noun] > cooked food > overcooked food

crispa1852

a1852 F. M. Whitcher Widow Bedott Papers (1856) xxix One time, they'll burn their bread to a crisp.

1852 H. Melville Pierre xii. ii. 263 Burn it till it shriveled to a crisp!

1872 ‘M. Twain’ Sketches 215 Not just frizzled up a bit, but literally roasted to a crisp!

1899 W. C. Morrow Bohemian Paris 44 It was some~time before Haidon could realize that he was not burned to a crisp.

1911 H. S. Harrison Queed xxi. 258 I became absorbed in a book I was reading, and Jim came back to find the bacon a crisp.

1959 A. Huxley Let. 29 Nov. (1969) 881 Temperatures are in the eighties—..the vegetation..is burnt to a crisp.

1968 K. Weatherly Roo Shooter 35 The hot weather continued and the feed had dried to a crisp.

7. A banknote or banknotes. slang.

ΚΠ

a1889 Mod. Soc. He..cashed a cheque for £100 and handed over the crisp.

8. In full potato crisp. A thin sliver of potato fried until crisp and eaten cold. Usually in plural of such food produced commercially.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > prepared vegetables and dishes > [noun] > prepared potatoes > fried potatoes > crisps

Saratoga chips1869

chip1871

potato chip1893

potato straw1895

potato crisp1921

crisp1929

twiglet1932

potato stick1937

nacho1948

potato puff1972

kettle chips1980

1929 Star 21 Aug. 13/3 Potato Crisp Factory.

1935 H. Nicolson Let. 3 Sept. (1966) I. 213 We went to Harry's Bar..and there was a Pekinese being fed with crisps.

1950 T. S. Eliot Cocktail Party i. 12 Potato crisps? No I can't endure them.

1953 ‘N. Blake’ Dreadful Hollow 43 It [sc. a public bar] held only one occupant, who was eating out of a packet of crisps.

1961 ‘T. Hinde’ For Good of Company iv. 41 She..sloped her little red mouth and let a fingerful of crisps into it.

Draft additions June 2007

Cookery (chiefly North American). A type of dessert consisting of fruit baked with a crumble topping (cf. crumble n. 2b). Frequently with modifying word indicating the type of fruit used, as apple crisp, peach crisp, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > prepared fruit and dishes > [noun] > other fruit dishes

figee1381

garnadec1440

gayledea1450

strawberry cream1523

strawberry shortcake1523

amber pudding1695

fufu1740

tum tum1790

poi1798

fig-cake1837

compote1845

ambrosia1867

summer pudding1875

schalet1884

charoset1885

angels' food1891

stuffed olive1897

chartreuse1900

crisp1916

guacamole1920

fruit cocktail1922

pimiento olive1925

fruit cup1931

crumble1947

matoke1959

turon1972

guac1983

bumbleberry1991

1916 Wellsboro (Pa.) Gaz. 20 July 6/6 Apple Crisps... Work together the other ingredients..until crumbly, then spread over apple mixture. Bake 30 minutes.

1922 Boston Sunday Globe 1 Jan. 47/6 Baking powder biscuit, apple crisp, tea.

1944 N.Y. Times 1 Aug. 12/6 Peach Crisp. 6 to 8 peaches, peeled and sliced... 1½ cups crushed corn flakes.

1989 Bon Appétit Sept. 42/2 Dessert, a crisp that uses the end-of-season's ripest plums and nectarines.

2001 Today's Parent (Electronic ed.) June 72 Kids who won't eat a raw apple may clamour for..apple crisp.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

crispadj.

Brit.

/krɪsp/, U.S.

/krɪsp/

Forms: Old English– crisp; also Old English cyrps, Middle English crips, Middle English–1600s crispe, Middle English cryps(e, cryspe, kyrspe.

Etymology: Old English crisp , cyrps , < Latin crispus curled. Compare Old French crespe curled, modern French crêpe ; but this does not appear to have influenced the English word in form. The sense development of branch II is not clear: compare however crimp adj. from Cotgrave Some onomatopoeic influence associated with the action of pronouncing crisp is to be suspected.

I. In senses of Latin crispus.

1. Of the hair: curly; in later use applied esp. to stiff, closely curling, or frizzy hair; †also, having or wearing such hair.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > hair > types of hair > [adjective] > curly

crispc900

crullc1300

curledc1380

crispy1398

crispedc1400

encrispedc1420

lockeredc1440

locker?a1500

curly1774

tendrilled1806

kinky1844

ruffly1859

buckling1861

peppercorn1868

the world > life > the body > hair > types of hair > [adjective] > curly > having

crispc900

crullc1300

curled1590

curl-headed1591

curl-pated1594

curled-head?1611

curled-pate?1611

curly1827

curly-headed1827

well-curled1833

curly-haired1846

curly-pated1862

c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. v. ii Se gunga wæs geworden hale lichoman..and hæfde crispe loccas fægre.

c1000 in Thorpe Hom. I. 456 (Bosw.) He is blæcfexede and cyrps.

c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 319/687 Blac with cripse here.

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) iv. ii. 80 Lytyll heere and cryps as in blomens countree.

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 179 Wynde alle þese þingis & frote þe heeris and þei wolen bicome crisp.

c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1307 His crispe heer lyk rynges was yronne.

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 41 A certeyn lightning on his headtop glistered harmelesse. His crisp locks frizeling.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §852 Buls are more Crispe upon the Fore-Head than Cowes.

1774 J. Cook Jrnl. 20 Aug. (1969) II. 503 Their hair..Black and Brown, it grows to a tolerable length and is very crisp and curly.

1859 R. F. Burton Lake Regions Central Afr. in Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 29 317 The hair of these races has invariably a crisp, short, and stiff curl.

a. Having a surface curled or fretted into minute waves, ripples, folds or wrinkles.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > [adjective] > ridged > having minute ridges

crisp1398

crispy1594

crisped1603

crimped1676

cranked1699

crapy1853

crape-like1881

crêpy1892

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Tollem. MS.) (1495) xiii. xv The ponde..with crispe water and calm, and nouȝt with stronge wyndes.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xv. 168 The peper..þei putten it vpon an owven and þere it waxeth blak and crisp [Roxb. ed. blakk and runklid].

c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 199 The kyrspe skyn of hyr forheed, Is drawyn up and on trustily bownde.

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. iii. 105 Swift Seuerns floud..hid his crispe-head in the hollow banke.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iv. i. 130 You Nimphs cald Nayades of y^e windring brooks..Leaue your crispe channels.

1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto IX lxxviii. 44 The elder Ladies' wrinkles curled much crisper.

1877 W. Black Green Pastures (1878) xxix. 235 The crisp white crest of the running waves.

b. Botany. = crispate adj., crisped adj. 2b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > specific areas or structures > [adjective] > margin or periphery > having a wavy margin

sinuate1688

sinuated1727

crisp1753

repanded1753

repand1760

crisped1802

wavy1832

crispate1846

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Leaf Crisp leaf..that which is undulated or folded over and over at the edge.

1776 W. Withering Brit. Plants (1796) III. 847 Hypnum crispum..leaves crisp, transversely waved.

†3. Applied to some fabrics: perhaps of crape-like texture. Cf. crisp n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from choice of fibres > [adjective] > crape

crispa1387

crapy1855

crêpy1892

romaine1898

météor1909

georgette1913

marocain1922

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 401 A crisp breche wel fayn [L. crispa femoralia].

1393 Will in A. Gibbons Early Linc. Wills (1888) 85 Omnes meos crispcouerchifes.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 28018 Yee leuedis..Wit curchefs crisp and bendes bright.

†4. Apparently = Smooth, shining, clear. Obsolete.[Cf. Cotgrave ‘Crespu, curled, frizled, ruffled, crisped; sleeked, shining’; ‘Cresper..also, to sleeke, make to shine or glitter’.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > reflection > [adjective] > lustrous or shining with reflected light

browna1000

brightOE

cleara1300

slighta1300

burnedc1384

burnishedc1400

orientc1400

orientalc1450

sheeningc1480

refulgenta1500

silken1513

lustrantc1550

glossy1556

crisp1567

lustring1582

shiny1590

of shine1601

glossful1606

lustry1610

lustrousa1616

nitent1616

illustriousa1626

polished1649

lustrious1651

sheeny1673

shining1674

splendy1683

glazy1724

smolt1837

lustreful1843

lustred1858

sheened1920

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > qualities or characteristics of wine > [adjective] > clear

crisp1567

star-bright1833

1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) ix. f. 111 My cleere crisp legges [L. crura micantia] he striueth for too catch.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iv. iii. 184 All th' abhorred Births below Crispe Heauen.

1639 J. Fletcher et al. Bloody Brother iv. ii. sig. G*1b^v You must leave Your neat crispe Clarret, and fall to your Syder Awhile.

II. Brittle, stiff, and related uses.

a. Brittle or ‘short’ while somewhat hard or firm in structure (usually as a good quality); said esp. of hard things which have little cohesion and are easily crushed by the teeth, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > weakness > [adjective] > brittle or fragile > crisp

crisp1530

crispy1611

cassant1725

crisped1769

snappish1833

crackly1859

crunchable1906

crunchy1929

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 501/1 I crasshe, as a thynge dothe that is cryspe or britell bytwene ones tethe.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Cresper, to crackle or creake, as new shooes; or drie stickes that are laid in the fire; also, to crash between the teeth (a thing thats crispe or brittle).

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §231 In Frostie weather..the Wood or String of the Instrument..is made more Crispe, and so more porous and hollow.

1749 Acct. Voy. for Discov. North-west Passage II. 15 The Snow was of a greyish Colour, crisp on the Top.

1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. xvi. 158 If the cakes at tea eat short and crisp, they were made by Olivia.

1822 C. Lamb Diss. Roast Pig in Elia 1st Ser. The crisp..not over-roasted crackling.

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 79/1 Celery..the sweet, crisp, wholesome, and most agreeable of our cultivated vegetables.

b. From crisp snow or frost, transferred by association to a brisk frosty day, to frosty air, and thence to bracing air generally.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cold weather > [adjective] > cool > cool and fresh

airisha1642

bracing1761

brisk1837

crispy1841

crisp1869

1869 M. A. Barker Station Life N.Z. (1874) xv. 109 The peculiar fresh crisp feeling which the atmosphere always has here the moment the sun sets.

1873 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ Wooin' o't xxv All that Christmas Day ought to be, clear, crisp, bright.

1883 A. K. Green Hand & Ring xxxiv The crisp frosty air had put everybody in a good humour.

6. transferred and figurative. Applied to anything possessing qualities more or less characteristic of crisp substances:

a. stiff, firm, as opposed to limp.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > types of hardness > [adjective] > stiff or rigid

stithc897

stiff1000

starkOE

inflexiblec1400

rigent?1440

unbowable1537

staffish1545

steya1586

unpliablea1618

rigid1618

unsupple1621

unpliant1624

immercurial1637

steeve1637

starky1657

impliablea1734

tharf1747

stiff as a poker1798

unbending1802

unbowsome1818

crisp1851

unbendable1884

poker-stiff1894

unfluxile1925

1851 M. Reid Scalp Hunters I. iv. 42 The ‘crop-crop’ of our horses, shortening the crisp grass.

a1859 L. Hunt in Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. (1890) It [laurel] has been plucked nine months, and yet looks as hale and crisp as if it would last ninety years.

1868 C. W. Dilke Greater Brit. I. 133 The ‘blue grass’ has high vitality..this crisp turf at once springs up, and holds the ground for ever.

b. figurative. Short, sharp, brisk, decided in manner. (Cf. an analogous use of ‘flabby’ as the opposite.) Also, clean, neat; clearly defined.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > discourtesy > [adjective] > curt or brusque

short1390

cutted1530

snappish1542

abrupt1578

stunt1581

blunt1590

brusquea1639

snapping1642

blatec1650

brisk1665

bluff1705

offhand1708

prerupt1727

squab1737

prompt1768

crisp1814

brief1818

stuntya1825

curt1831

snappy1834

bluffy1844

nebby1873

offhandish1886

nebsy1894

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > vigour or force > [adjective] > crisp

crisped1628

crisp1814

snappy1871

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > [adjective] > clearly visible > sharp or distinct

graphical1626

smart1644

sharp1675

vivid1690

briska1727

unblurred1809

vive1825

clear1835

shadeless1835

film-free1880

eidetic1924

crisp1937

deblurred1968

1814 Mackintosh in Life (1836) II. 300 Ward said Constant was very ‘crisp’.

1857 W. Collins Dead Secret I. ii. i. 63 Such a crisp touch on the piano.

1873 E. E. Hale In his Name iii. 10 What he said was crisp and decided.

1884 Athenæum 6 Dec. 739/2 The crisp draughtsmanship of Mr. H. P. Riviere's Arch of Constantine, Rome.

1884 H. D. Traill in Macmillan's Mag. Oct. 441/2 His crisp antithetic manner is the perfection of style.

1937 D. M. Jones In Parenthesis iv. 97 The sky overhead looked crisp as eggshell.

1961 Listener 21 Dec. 1069/1 The superbly detailed capitals, as crisp now as they were 150 years ago.

1963 Listener 24 Jan. 160/1 A rational, crisp, glass-and-rectangular-framework architecture.

Compounds

C1.

crisp-haired adj.

ΚΠ

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 3757 Crispe herit was the kyng, colouret as gold.

a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) ii. vii. 200 The Ethiopian black, flat-nosed and crisp-haired.

crisp-withered adj.

ΚΠ

1868 Ld. Houghton in Select. fr. Wks. 201 Crisp-wither'd hung the honourable leaves.

C2.

† crisp mallow n. Obsolete the curled mallow, Malva verticillata var. crispa.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Malvaceae (mallows and allies) > [noun]

hockc725

malloweOE

crisp mallowa1300

altheaa1398

mawa1400

maula1425

alceac1440

malva1527

vervain mallow1548

cut mallow1565

dwarf mallow1578

curled mallow1620

musk1728

Sida1753

curled-leaved mallow1754

marshmallow1814

round dock1825

mallow wort1845

crisped-leaved mallow1846

Modiola1856

velvet-leaf1856

fairy cheeses1869

pancakes1882

frog cheese1886

musk plant1898

a1300 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 558/1 Malua cripia [perhaps read Malua crispia], i. screpemalue.

c1450 Middle Eng. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 225 Tak þe rote of altea,..& þe crysp malwe, & boile alle in wyn or in ale.

crisp mint n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > labiate plant or plants > [noun] > mint or wild mint

minteOE

horse-minta1300

crisp mint1578

fish-mint1578

brook mint1597

cross-mint1597

Mentha1731

corn-mint1796

crisped mint1829

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. lxxiv. 243 The garden Myntes are of four sortes, that is to say, Curlde Mynte, Crispe Mynte, Spere Mynte, and Harte Mynte. The wilde Mynte is of two sortes, that is, the Horse Mynte, and the Water Mynte.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

crispv.

Brit.

/krɪsp/, U.S.

/krɪsp/

Etymology: < crisp adj.: compare Latin crispāre to curl, crisp, crimp, < crispus.

a. transitive. To curl into short, stiff, wavy folds, or crinkles; to crimp.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > types of curvature > [verb (transitive)] > curl

crispc1340

curl1562

crimp1708

quirl1840

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > beautify (the hair) [verb (transitive)] > curl

crispc1340

crook1340

pincha1398

curl1447

frouncea1529

creis1553

frizzle1565

thrum1598

becurl1614

calamistrate1628

frizz1660

fruz1702

crimp1708

buckle1721

befriz1772

crape1774

crêpe1818

crinkle1871

permanently wave1901

marcel1906

water-wave1912

permanent wave1921

permanent1924

perm1928

tong1932

scrunch1983

the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > corrugate [verb (transitive)] > ridge > minutely

crankle1594

crisp1632

crank1660

crimp1772

c1340 [implied in: Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 188 Þe mane of þat mayn hors..Wel cresped & cemmed. (at crisped adj. 1)].

1565–73 T. Cooper Thesaurus Calamistrum..a pinne of wodde or yvory, to trime or crispe heare.

1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 52 A blacke gowne..lined quite through with white silke cipres, pleated and crisped about the necke, with a deepe fringe.

a1637 B. Jonson Vision of Delight 187 in Wks. (1640) III As Zephire blowes..The Rivers runne as smoothed by his hand; Onely their heads are crisped by his stroake.

1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia To Rdr. sig. Av^v We..wrinkle our forehead in dislike, crispe our nose in anger.

1747 J. Hervey Winter Piece (1813) 365 It has..crisped the travellers locks.

1821 Ld. Byron Sardanapalus i. ii. 7 There is A cooling breeze which crisps the broad clear river.

1837 T. Hook Jack Brag I. vi. 163 Every curl was crisped into its own peculiar place.

1849 J. Ruskin Seven Lamps Archit. iii. 90 The leaf being..rendered liny by bold marking of its ribs and veins, and by turning up and crisping its edges.

b. To fold (cloth) which has just been woven.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > treat or process textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > other processes

starch1390

scour1467

burl1483

waterc1500

calender1513

shoot1532

press1555

gum1612

reimbale1623

strike1701

bias1838

pad1839

spirit1854

bray1879

stream1883

crisp1892

block1905

Schreiner1905

mercerize1911

1892 in Eng. Dial. Dict.

1927 Daily Tel. 21 June 8 The cloth may be crisped (folded lengthwise), rolled or lapped.

2. intransitive. To curl in short stiff curls.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > types of curvature > [verb (intransitive)] > curl

locker?c1475

crisp1583

to roll up1658

curl1694

coffer1725

scroll1868

frizzle1886

quirl1944

1583 T. Watson Passionate Cent. of Loue xx Although his beard were crisping hard.

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 247 The leaues..do somwhat curle or crispe.

1777 G. Forster Voy. round World I. 17 Their black hair naturally falls in ringlets, and begins to crisp in some individuals.

1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. iii. 48 The quiet bay, whose little waves, crisping and sparkling to the moon-beams, rolled [etc.].

1847–9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. i. 10/1 The shell..exposed to heat..crisping up..like horn.

a. transitive. To make crisp, ‘short’ or brittle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > weakness > make weak [verb (transitive)] > make brittle > make crisp

crisp1815

crispen1961

1658 T. Willsford Natures Secrets 52 The ground..will be hoary..the grass crisped with the Frost.]

1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. 106 The snow..crisped by..a severe frost.

c1854 W. M. Thackeray Wolves & Lamb 1 She crisped my buttered toast.

b. transferred and figurative. Cf. crisp adj. 5b, 6.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > discourtesy > treat discourteously [verb (transitive)] > be curt or brusque with > make one's manner sharp

crisp1833

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cold weather > [verb (transitive)] > make cool and fresh

crisp1877

1833 T. Arnold Let. 25 Feb. in A. P. Stanley Life & Corr. T. Arnold (1844) I. vii. 308 When we live in uncongenial society, we are apt to crisp and harden our outward manner, to save our real feelings from exposure.

1877 M. Oliphant Makers of Florence (ed. 2) i. 3 The fresh island air crisped by the sea.

4. intransitive. To become crisp.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > weakness > give way under force or pressure [verb (intransitive)] > become crisp

crisp1805

crispen1961

1805 A. Scott Poems 63 (Jam.) The nights were lang, Wi' frost the yird was crispin'.

1849 C. Brontë Shirley I. ix. 206 The air chilled at sunset, the ground crisped.

5. transitive. To crush a firm but brittle substance. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > weakness > make weak [verb (transitive)] > make brittle > make crisp > crush crisp substance

crump1789

crisp1824

crumple1837

scranch1845

crunch1849

1824 S. Ferrier Inheritance II. xxxvi. 400 Hearing the sound of wheels crisping the gravel, as they rolled slowly round.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

n.?c1390

adj.c900

v.c1340

单词	crisp
释义	crispn. Brit. /krɪsp/, U.S. /krɪsp/ Forms: Also Middle English–1500s crysp, kirsp, kyrsp, 1500s kersp, 1500s–1600s crispe. Etymology: apparently < crisp adj.; compare 16th cent. French crespe crape or material for veils, modern French crêpe crape. In the entries in the Testamenta Eboracensia ‘cryspe’ appears to interchange with ‘cypres’ = Cyprus lawn: see cypress n.³ 1c. †1. Some thin or delicate textile fabric, used esp. by women for veils or head-coverings; ? a crape-like material. Cf. crisp adj. 3. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric with specific qualities > [noun] > thin, light, or delicate > for clothing crisp1397 peeling1671 barége1828 Henrietta cloth1842 Tibet1857 piuma1858 crystalline1867 fluff1875 nun's veiling1882 zenana1890 voilette1908 Palm Beach1911 1397 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1836) I. 220 Flameolam me' de crispo. 1402 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1836) I. 289 ij flameola de cipres. 1415 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1836) I. 382 Flameolum de krespe. 1498 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 392 Item, for xxiiij elne of kyrsp to hir for ilk elne iijs iiijd. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxx. 414 And Nell with hir nyfyls Of crisp and of sylke. ?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 44 A curche, of kersp allther fynest. a1513 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen in Poems (1998) I. 41 Curches..of kirsp cleir and thin. ?1590–1 J. Burel Discription Queens Entry Edinb. in Poems sig. M2 A robe, Of clenely crispe side to his kneis. 1619 S. Purchas Microcosmus xxvii. 268 The new deuised names of Stuffes and Colours, Crispe, Tamet, Plush..Callimanco, Sattinisco. †2. A head-covering or veil made of this material. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > other dorlot1340 horn1340 vitremytec1386 templesc1430 bycocket1464 burlet1490 knapscall1498 shapion1504 shaffron1511 paste1527 attire1530 faille1530 muzzle1542 corneta1547 abacot1548 wase1548 wrapper1548 tiring1552 basket1555 bilimenta1556 Paris head1561 shadow1578 head-roll1583 mitre1585 whitehead1588 crispa1592 ship-tire1602 oreillet1603 scoffion1604 coif1617 aigrette1631 egreta1645 drail1647 topknotc1686 slop1688 Burgundy1701 bandore1708 fly-cap1753 capriole1756 lappet-head1761 fly1773 turban1776 pouf1788 knapscapa1802 chip1804 toque1817 bonnet1837 casquette1840 war bonnet1845 taj1851 pugree1859 kennel1896 roach1910 Deely bobber1982 the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > veil > types of flockard1465 power1526 crispa1592 fall1611 mant1651 mantilla1717 bridal veil1769 litham1839 voilette1842 yashmak1844 weeper1845 birdcage veil1888 fingertip veil1888 ghoonghat1916 spiderveil1922 niqab1936 full veil1937 a1592 R. Greene Mamillia (1593) ii. sig. H^v Needlesse noughts, as crisps, and scarphes worne Alla Morisco. 1597 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae (ed. 2) 113 Ane cleinlie Crispe hang ouir his eyis [Latinized by Dempster Involvens nivea de sindone lumina velo]. 1608 T. Hudson tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Ivdith iv. 57 in J. Sylvester Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) Vpon her head a siluer crisp shee pind, Loose wauing on her shoulders with the wind. †3. A crisp kind of pastry made by dropping batter into boiling fat. [So Old French crispes in W. de Biblesworth.] Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > pastry > other pastry articles > [noun] crisp?c1390 mellinder1604 baby cakea1637 cannelons1733 yule-dough1777 vol-au-vent1828 sausage roll1852 cheese fingers1863 cheese straw1866 horn1908 pig in a blanket1926 brik1938 chin-chin1948 pull-apart1958 fortune cookie1962 feuilleté1970 money bag1993 ?c1390 Form of Cury 73 Cryspes. a1422 Courses Dinner in H. Gilbert Queene Elizabethes Achademy (1869) i. 91 Cryspes fryez. c1430 Two Cookery-bks. 44 Cryspez. 1450 Two Cookery-bks. 93 Cryspes. †4. A curl (of hair); esp. a short or close curl. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > hair > hair of head > curl > [noun] feak1548 lovelock1592 crisple1594 curl1604 cockle1608 crisp1638 ringlet1645 cockera1653 heartbreaker1654 moustache1662 confidenta1685 cruchea1685 passagerea1685 favourite1690 wimpler1724 cannon1774 whisker1786 favori1801 curlet1803 tendril1814 sausage curl1828 spit-curl1831 crimp1855 curdle1860 number sices1861 whiskerette1880 1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 325 They..weare their hayre pretty long, and about their crispes wreath a valuable Shash or Tulipant. c1680 in Roxburghe Ballads VI. 278 Those bright locks of hair Spreading o're each ear, Every crisp and curle. 5. The ‘crackling’ of roast pork. Obsolete exc. dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > pork > [noun] > rind swardc1430 crisp1675 crackling1708 spine1847 swad1877 1675 T. Duffett Mock-tempest ii. ii. 19 Methinks I hear a great she Devil, call for [a] Groats worth of the Crispe of my Countenance. 1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Crisp, pork crackling. South. 6. An overdone piece of anything cooked, fried, or roasted; usually in to a crisp. Also transferred. Originally U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > food by way of preparation > [noun] > cooked food > overcooked food crispa1852 a1852 F. M. Whitcher Widow Bedott Papers (1856) xxix One time, they'll burn their bread to a crisp. 1852 H. Melville Pierre xii. ii. 263 Burn it till it shriveled to a crisp! 1872 ‘M. Twain’ Sketches 215 Not just frizzled up a bit, but literally roasted to a crisp! 1899 W. C. Morrow Bohemian Paris 44 It was some~time before Haidon could realize that he was not burned to a crisp. 1911 H. S. Harrison Queed xxi. 258 I became absorbed in a book I was reading, and Jim came back to find the bacon a crisp. 1959 A. Huxley Let. 29 Nov. (1969) 881 Temperatures are in the eighties—..the vegetation..is burnt to a crisp. 1968 K. Weatherly Roo Shooter 35 The hot weather continued and the feed had dried to a crisp. 7. A banknote or banknotes. slang. ΚΠ a1889 Mod. Soc. He..cashed a cheque for £100 and handed over the crisp. 8. In full potato crisp. A thin sliver of potato fried until crisp and eaten cold. Usually in plural of such food produced commercially. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > prepared vegetables and dishes > [noun] > prepared potatoes > fried potatoes > crisps Saratoga chips1869 chip1871 potato chip1893 potato straw1895 potato crisp1921 crisp1929 twiglet1932 potato stick1937 nacho1948 potato puff1972 kettle chips1980 1929 Star 21 Aug. 13/3 Potato Crisp Factory. 1935 H. Nicolson Let. 3 Sept. (1966) I. 213 We went to Harry's Bar..and there was a Pekinese being fed with crisps. 1950 T. S. Eliot Cocktail Party i. 12 Potato crisps? No I can't endure them. 1953 ‘N. Blake’ Dreadful Hollow 43 It [sc. a public bar] held only one occupant, who was eating out of a packet of crisps. 1961 ‘T. Hinde’ For Good of Company iv. 41 She..sloped her little red mouth and let a fingerful of crisps into it. Draft additions June 2007 Cookery (chiefly North American). A type of dessert consisting of fruit baked with a crumble topping (cf. crumble n. 2b). Frequently with modifying word indicating the type of fruit used, as apple crisp, peach crisp, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > prepared fruit and dishes > [noun] > other fruit dishes figee1381 garnadec1440 gayledea1450 strawberry cream1523 strawberry shortcake1523 amber pudding1695 fufu1740 tum tum1790 poi1798 fig-cake1837 compote1845 ambrosia1867 summer pudding1875 schalet1884 charoset1885 angels' food1891 stuffed olive1897 chartreuse1900 crisp1916 guacamole1920 fruit cocktail1922 pimiento olive1925 fruit cup1931 crumble1947 matoke1959 turon1972 guac1983 bumbleberry1991 1916 Wellsboro (Pa.) Gaz. 20 July 6/6 Apple Crisps... Work together the other ingredients..until crumbly, then spread over apple mixture. Bake 30 minutes. 1922 Boston Sunday Globe 1 Jan. 47/6 Baking powder biscuit, apple crisp, tea. 1944 N.Y. Times 1 Aug. 12/6 Peach Crisp. 6 to 8 peaches, peeled and sliced... 1½ cups crushed corn flakes. 1989 Bon Appétit Sept. 42/2 Dessert, a crisp that uses the end-of-season's ripest plums and nectarines. 2001 Today's Parent (Electronic ed.) June 72 Kids who won't eat a raw apple may clamour for..apple crisp. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). crispadj. Brit. /krɪsp/, U.S. /krɪsp/ Forms: Old English– crisp; also Old English cyrps, Middle English crips, Middle English–1600s crispe, Middle English cryps(e, cryspe, kyrspe. Etymology: Old English crisp , cyrps , < Latin crispus curled. Compare Old French crespe curled, modern French crêpe ; but this does not appear to have influenced the English word in form. The sense development of branch II is not clear: compare however crimp adj. from Cotgrave Some onomatopoeic influence associated with the action of pronouncing crisp is to be suspected. I. In senses of Latin crispus. 1. Of the hair: curly; in later use applied esp. to stiff, closely curling, or frizzy hair; †also, having or wearing such hair. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > hair > types of hair > [adjective] > curly crispc900 crullc1300 curledc1380 crispy1398 crispedc1400 encrispedc1420 lockeredc1440 locker?a1500 curly1774 tendrilled1806 kinky1844 ruffly1859 buckling1861 peppercorn1868 the world > life > the body > hair > types of hair > [adjective] > curly > having crispc900 crullc1300 curled1590 curl-headed1591 curl-pated1594 curled-head?1611 curled-pate?1611 curly1827 curly-headed1827 well-curled1833 curly-haired1846 curly-pated1862 c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. v. ii Se gunga wæs geworden hale lichoman..and hæfde crispe loccas fægre. c1000 in Thorpe Hom. I. 456 (Bosw.) He is blæcfexede and cyrps. c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 319/687 Blac with cripse here. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) iv. ii. 80 Lytyll heere and cryps as in blomens countree. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 179 Wynde alle þese þingis & frote þe heeris and þei wolen bicome crisp. c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1307 His crispe heer lyk rynges was yronne. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 41 A certeyn lightning on his headtop glistered harmelesse. His crisp locks frizeling. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §852 Buls are more Crispe upon the Fore-Head than Cowes. 1774 J. Cook Jrnl. 20 Aug. (1969) II. 503 Their hair..Black and Brown, it grows to a tolerable length and is very crisp and curly. 1859 R. F. Burton Lake Regions Central Afr. in Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 29 317 The hair of these races has invariably a crisp, short, and stiff curl. 2. a. Having a surface curled or fretted into minute waves, ripples, folds or wrinkles. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > [adjective] > ridged > having minute ridges crisp1398 crispy1594 crisped1603 crimped1676 cranked1699 crapy1853 crape-like1881 crêpy1892 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Tollem. MS.) (1495) xiii. xv The ponde..with crispe water and calm, and nouȝt with stronge wyndes. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xv. 168 The peper..þei putten it vpon an owven and þere it waxeth blak and crisp [Roxb. ed. blakk and runklid]. c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 199 The kyrspe skyn of hyr forheed, Is drawyn up and on trustily bownde. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. iii. 105 Swift Seuerns floud..hid his crispe-head in the hollow banke. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iv. i. 130 You Nimphs cald Nayades of y^e windring brooks..Leaue your crispe channels. 1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto IX lxxviii. 44 The elder Ladies' wrinkles curled much crisper. 1877 W. Black Green Pastures (1878) xxix. 235 The crisp white crest of the running waves. b. Botany. = crispate adj., crisped adj. 2b. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > specific areas or structures > [adjective] > margin or periphery > having a wavy margin sinuate1688 sinuated1727 crisp1753 repanded1753 repand1760 crisped1802 wavy1832 crispate1846 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Leaf Crisp leaf..that which is undulated or folded over and over at the edge. 1776 W. Withering Brit. Plants (1796) III. 847 Hypnum crispum..leaves crisp, transversely waved. †3. Applied to some fabrics: perhaps of crape-like texture. Cf. crisp n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from choice of fibres > [adjective] > crape crispa1387 crapy1855 crêpy1892 romaine1898 météor1909 georgette1913 marocain1922 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 401 A crisp breche wel fayn [L. crispa femoralia]. 1393 Will in A. Gibbons Early Linc. Wills (1888) 85 Omnes meos crispcouerchifes. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 28018 Yee leuedis..Wit curchefs crisp and bendes bright. †4. Apparently = Smooth, shining, clear. Obsolete.[Cf. Cotgrave ‘Crespu, curled, frizled, ruffled, crisped; sleeked, shining’; ‘Cresper..also, to sleeke, make to shine or glitter’.] ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > reflection > [adjective] > lustrous or shining with reflected light browna1000 brightOE cleara1300 slighta1300 burnedc1384 burnishedc1400 orientc1400 orientalc1450 sheeningc1480 refulgenta1500 silken1513 lustrantc1550 glossy1556 crisp1567 lustring1582 shiny1590 of shine1601 glossful1606 lustry1610 lustrousa1616 nitent1616 illustriousa1626 polished1649 lustrious1651 sheeny1673 shining1674 splendy1683 glazy1724 smolt1837 lustreful1843 lustred1858 sheened1920 the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > qualities or characteristics of wine > [adjective] > clear crisp1567 star-bright1833 1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) ix. f. 111 My cleere crisp legges [L. crura micantia] he striueth for too catch. a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iv. iii. 184 All th' abhorred Births below Crispe Heauen. View more context for this quotation 1639 J. Fletcher et al. Bloody Brother iv. ii. sig. G1b^v You must leave Your neat crispe Clarret, and fall to your Syder Awhile. II.* Brittle, stiff, and related uses. 5. a. Brittle or ‘short’ while somewhat hard or firm in structure (usually as a good quality); said esp. of hard things which have little cohesion and are easily crushed by the teeth, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > weakness > [adjective] > brittle or fragile > crisp crisp1530 crispy1611 cassant1725 crisped1769 snappish1833 crackly1859 crunchable1906 crunchy1929 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 501/1 I crasshe, as a thynge dothe that is cryspe or britell bytwene ones tethe. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Cresper, to crackle or creake, as new shooes; or drie stickes that are laid in the fire; also, to crash between the teeth (a thing thats crispe or brittle). 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §231 In Frostie weather..the Wood or String of the Instrument..is made more Crispe, and so more porous and hollow. 1749 Acct. Voy. for Discov. North-west Passage II. 15 The Snow was of a greyish Colour, crisp on the Top. 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. xvi. 158 If the cakes at tea eat short and crisp, they were made by Olivia. 1822 C. Lamb Diss. Roast Pig in Elia 1st Ser. The crisp..not over-roasted crackling. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 79/1 Celery..the sweet, crisp, wholesome, and most agreeable of our cultivated vegetables. b. From crisp snow or frost, transferred by association to a brisk frosty day, to frosty air, and thence to bracing air generally. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cold weather > [adjective] > cool > cool and fresh airisha1642 bracing1761 brisk1837 crispy1841 crisp1869 1869 M. A. Barker Station Life N.Z. (1874) xv. 109 The peculiar fresh crisp feeling which the atmosphere always has here the moment the sun sets. 1873 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ Wooin' o't xxv All that Christmas Day ought to be, clear, crisp, bright. 1883 A. K. Green Hand & Ring xxxiv The crisp frosty air had put everybody in a good humour. 6. transferred and figurative. Applied to anything possessing qualities more or less characteristic of crisp substances: a. stiff, firm, as opposed to limp. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > types of hardness > [adjective] > stiff or rigid stithc897 stiff1000 starkOE inflexiblec1400 rigent?1440 unbowable1537 staffish1545 steya1586 unpliablea1618 rigid1618 unsupple1621 unpliant1624 immercurial1637 steeve1637 starky1657 impliablea1734 tharf1747 stiff as a poker1798 unbending1802 unbowsome1818 crisp1851 unbendable1884 poker-stiff1894 unfluxile1925 1851 M. Reid Scalp Hunters I. iv. 42 The ‘crop-crop’ of our horses, shortening the crisp grass. a1859 L. Hunt in Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. (1890) It [laurel] has been plucked nine months, and yet looks as hale and crisp as if it would last ninety years. 1868 C. W. Dilke Greater Brit. I. 133 The ‘blue grass’ has high vitality..this crisp turf at once springs up, and holds the ground for ever. b. figurative. Short, sharp, brisk, decided in manner. (Cf. an analogous use of ‘flabby’ as the opposite.) Also, clean, neat; clearly defined. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > discourtesy > [adjective] > curt or brusque short1390 cutted1530 snappish1542 abrupt1578 stunt1581 blunt1590 brusquea1639 snapping1642 blatec1650 brisk1665 bluff1705 offhand1708 prerupt1727 squab1737 prompt1768 crisp1814 brief1818 stuntya1825 curt1831 snappy1834 bluffy1844 nebby1873 offhandish1886 nebsy1894 society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > vigour or force > [adjective] > crisp crisped1628 crisp1814 snappy1871 the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > [adjective] > clearly visible > sharp or distinct graphical1626 smart1644 sharp1675 vivid1690 briska1727 unblurred1809 vive1825 clear1835 shadeless1835 film-free1880 eidetic1924 crisp1937 deblurred1968 1814 Mackintosh in Life (1836) II. 300 Ward said Constant was very ‘crisp’. 1857 W. Collins Dead Secret I. ii. i. 63 Such a crisp touch on the piano. 1873 E. E. Hale In his Name iii. 10 What he said was crisp and decided. 1884 Athenæum 6 Dec. 739/2 The crisp draughtsmanship of Mr. H. P. Riviere's Arch of Constantine, Rome. 1884 H. D. Traill in Macmillan's Mag. Oct. 441/2 His crisp antithetic manner is the perfection of style. 1937 D. M. Jones In Parenthesis iv. 97 The sky overhead looked crisp as eggshell. 1961 Listener 21 Dec. 1069/1 The superbly detailed capitals, as crisp now as they were 150 years ago. 1963 Listener 24 Jan. 160/1 A rational, crisp, glass-and-rectangular-framework architecture. Compounds C1. crisp-haired adj. ΚΠ c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 3757 Crispe herit was the kyng, colouret as gold. a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) ii. vii. 200 The Ethiopian black, flat-nosed and crisp-haired. crisp-withered adj. ΚΠ 1868 Ld. Houghton in Select. fr. Wks. 201 Crisp-wither'd hung the honourable leaves. C2. † crisp mallow n. Obsolete the curled mallow, Malva verticillata var. crispa. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Malvaceae (mallows and allies) > [noun] hockc725 malloweOE crisp mallowa1300 altheaa1398 mawa1400 maula1425 alceac1440 malva1527 vervain mallow1548 cut mallow1565 dwarf mallow1578 curled mallow1620 musk1728 Sida1753 curled-leaved mallow1754 marshmallow1814 round dock1825 mallow wort1845 crisped-leaved mallow1846 Modiola1856 velvet-leaf1856 fairy cheeses1869 pancakes1882 frog cheese1886 musk plant1898 a1300 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 558/1 Malua cripia [perhaps read Malua crispia], i. screpemalue. c1450 Middle Eng. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 225 Tak þe rote of altea,..& þe crysp malwe, & boile alle in wyn or in ale. crisp mint n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > labiate plant or plants > [noun] > mint or wild mint minteOE minteOE horse-minta1300 crisp mint1578 fish-mint1578 brook mint1597 cross-mint1597 Mentha1731 corn-mint1796 crisped mint1829 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. lxxiv. 243 The garden Myntes are of four sortes, that is to say, Curlde Mynte, Crispe Mynte, Spere Mynte, and Harte Mynte. The wilde Mynte is of two sortes, that is, the Horse Mynte, and the Water Mynte. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2022). crispv. Brit. /krɪsp/, U.S. /krɪsp/ Etymology: < crisp adj.: compare Latin crispāre to curl, crisp, crimp, < crispus. 1. a. transitive. To curl into short, stiff, wavy folds, or crinkles; to crimp. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > types of curvature > [verb (transitive)] > curl crispc1340 curl1562 crimp1708 quirl1840 the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > beautify (the hair) [verb (transitive)] > curl crispc1340 crook1340 pincha1398 curl1447 frouncea1529 creis1553 frizzle1565 thrum1598 becurl1614 calamistrate1628 frizz1660 fruz1702 crimp1708 buckle1721 befriz1772 crape1774 crêpe1818 crinkle1871 permanently wave1901 marcel1906 water-wave1912 permanent wave1921 permanent1924 perm1928 tong1932 scrunch1983 the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > corrugate [verb (transitive)] > ridge > minutely crankle1594 crisp1632 crank1660 crimp1772 c1340 [implied in: Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 188 Þe mane of þat mayn hors..Wel cresped & cemmed. (at crisped adj. 1)]. 1565–73 T. Cooper Thesaurus Calamistrum..a pinne of wodde or yvory, to trime or crispe heare. 1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 52 A blacke gowne..lined quite through with white silke cipres, pleated and crisped about the necke, with a deepe fringe. a1637 B. Jonson Vision of Delight 187 in Wks. (1640) III As Zephire blowes..The Rivers runne as smoothed by his hand; Onely their heads are crisped by his stroake. 1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia To Rdr. sig. Av^v We..wrinkle our forehead in dislike, crispe our nose in anger. 1747 J. Hervey Winter Piece (1813) 365 It has..crisped the travellers locks. 1821 Ld. Byron Sardanapalus i. ii. 7 There is A cooling breeze which crisps the broad clear river. 1837 T. Hook Jack Brag I. vi. 163 Every curl was crisped into its own peculiar place. 1849 J. Ruskin Seven Lamps Archit. iii. 90 The leaf being..rendered liny by bold marking of its ribs and veins, and by turning up and crisping its edges. b. To fold (cloth) which has just been woven. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > treat or process textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > other processes starch1390 scour1467 burl1483 waterc1500 calender1513 shoot1532 press1555 gum1612 reimbale1623 strike1701 bias1838 pad1839 spirit1854 bray1879 stream1883 crisp1892 block1905 Schreiner1905 mercerize1911 1892 in Eng. Dial. Dict. 1927 Daily Tel. 21 June 8 The cloth may be crisped (folded lengthwise), rolled or lapped. 2. intransitive. To curl in short stiff curls. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > types of curvature > [verb (intransitive)] > curl locker?c1475 crisp1583 to roll up1658 curl1694 coffer1725 scroll1868 frizzle1886 quirl1944 1583 T. Watson Passionate Cent. of Loue xx Although his beard were crisping hard. 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 247 The leaues..do somwhat curle or crispe. 1777 G. Forster Voy. round World I. 17 Their black hair naturally falls in ringlets, and begins to crisp in some individuals. 1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. iii. 48 The quiet bay, whose little waves, crisping and sparkling to the moon-beams, rolled [etc.]. 1847–9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. i. 10/1 The shell..exposed to heat..crisping up..like horn. 3. a. transitive. To make crisp, ‘short’ or brittle. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > weakness > make weak [verb (transitive)] > make brittle > make crisp crisp1815 crispen1961 1658 T. Willsford Natures Secrets 52 The ground..will be hoary..the grass crisped with the Frost.] 1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. 106 The snow..crisped by..a severe frost. c1854 W. M. Thackeray Wolves & Lamb 1 She crisped my buttered toast. b. transferred and figurative. Cf. crisp adj. 5b, 6. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > discourtesy > treat discourteously [verb (transitive)] > be curt or brusque with > make one's manner sharp crisp1833 the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cold weather > [verb (transitive)] > make cool and fresh crisp1877 1833 T. Arnold Let. 25 Feb. in A. P. Stanley Life & Corr. T. Arnold (1844) I. vii. 308 When we live in uncongenial society, we are apt to crisp and harden our outward manner, to save our real feelings from exposure. 1877 M. Oliphant Makers of Florence (ed. 2) i. 3 The fresh island air crisped by the sea. 4. intransitive. To become crisp. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > weakness > give way under force or pressure [verb (intransitive)] > become crisp crisp1805 crispen1961 1805 A. Scott Poems 63 (Jam.) The nights were lang, Wi' frost the yird was crispin'. 1849 C. Brontë Shirley I. ix. 206 The air chilled at sunset, the ground crisped. 5. transitive. To crush a firm but brittle substance. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > weakness > make weak [verb (transitive)] > make brittle > make crisp > crush crisp substance crump1789 crisp1824 crumple1837 scranch1845 crunch1849 1824 S. Ferrier Inheritance II. xxxvi. 400 Hearing the sound of wheels crisping the gravel, as they rolled slowly round. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.?c1390adj.c900v.c1340
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