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单词 abut
释义

abutv.

Brit. /əˈbʌt/, U.S. /əˈbət/
Forms: Middle English aboutie, Middle English– abut, 1500s aput, 1600s abbut, 1600s–1700s abutt.
Origin: Probably a borrowing from French. Etymons: French aboutier; French abutter.
Etymology: Probably a merger of borrowings of two etymologically distinct French verbs (which show some formal and semantic overlap in Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French): (i) Anglo-Norman aboutier, aboter, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French abouter, Old French, Middle French aboutir to look out (at), to look out (13th cent. in Anglo-Norman; compare isolated use in Old French in sense ‘to look at’, 11th cent. in Rashi), to adjoin, be adjacent to, border on (13th cent.), to place adjoining (14th cent.) < a to (see a- prefix5) + buter , boter , bouter butt v.1 (ii) Anglo-Norman abutter, aboter, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French abuter to arrive (13th cent.), to adjoin, be adjacent to, border on (13th cent. in Anglo-Norman, 1431 in Middle French) < a to (see a- prefix5) + but end, goal (a borrowing < early Scandinavian: compare Old Icelandic bútr log: see butt n.6). Compare post-classical Latin abuttare (frequently from a1200 in British sources; from French). Compare also butt v.1, butt v.2
1. intransitive. To stick out, to project. Cf. butt v.1 8.In quot. a1250 (of a person): to lean forward, as in looking out from a window or over a battlement.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > project or be prominent [verb (intransitive)]
tootc897
shootc1000
to come outOE
abuta1250
to stand outc1330
steek?c1335
risea1398
jutty14..
proferc1400
strutc1405
to stick upa1500
issuec1515
butt1523
to stick outc1540
jut1565
to run out1565
jet1593
gag1599
poke1599
proke1600
boke1601
prosiliate1601
relish1611
shoulder1611
to stand offa1616
protrude1704
push1710
projecta1712
protend1726
outstand1755
shove1850
outjut1851
extrude1852
bracket1855
to corbel out1861
to set out1892
pier1951
a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 27 Þe kerneaus of þe castle beoþ hire huses þurles, ne aboutie heo nout vt et ham.
1752 Cleora iii. i. 181 She lay in a little room, that abutted out towards the garden.
1849 Gentleman's Mag. Feb. 143 It [sc.the road] abuts out upon the edge of the precipice, and is lost.
1878 Q. Rev. July 107 The solid pile of grey stone, commonly known as the Lollards' Tower, abuts out almost to the Embankment.
1910 Industr. Enterprise Jan. 6/2 It was a difficult task as the rim of the chimney abutted out from the perpendicular.
1959 R. G. Hubler True Love, True Love xv. 163 He stopped before the great bay window that abutted out.
2005 J. L. Cooke Getting by in Silent World vi. 225 Four great round cement pillars abutted out in front, two on either side of the cement staircase.
2. Of an estate, country, piece of land, etc.: to end at, border on (adjacent land, a neighbouring country, etc.).
a. intransitive. With on, upon, toward, against, in, or to.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > distance > nearness > be near [verb (intransitive)] > be in contact > have same boundary
marchc1330
abut1399
coastc1400
adjoin?1523
confine1523
marchese1525
abuttal1545
touch1567
confront1601
conterminate1637
1399 in C. T. Clay Yorks. Deeds (1923) 121 (MED) Tofts abutting on le Castilhill in Rastryk.
1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 31 Wich vij acres lith in ij pecys, the endys abbuttyng to ward the sexteyn's medwe.
c1463 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 461 A pece of pastor..abuttynge to Hogge medew on the northe.
a1500 (a1451) in Ld. Clermont Wks. J. Fortescue (1869) I. 550 (MED) Ye shall undyrstand how the dyvers costs of Englond by the see syde abuttyth agenst the costs of other lands on the other syde of the see..Dover abuttyth agenste Caleyse..The Iland of Wyght abuttyth agenst Harflete.
1550 W. Lynne tr. J. Funke Actes & Hist. Worlde 1532–50 in tr. J. Carion Thre Bks. Cronicles f. ccvv The cytye of Epiphania..lyeth in the ende of the lande of Cilicia, and abutteth vpon Syria.
1597 M. Drayton Englands Heroicall Epist. f. 60v Marishes are commonly called those low grounds, which abut vpon the Sea.
1601 A. Winthrop Diary (1925) 102 For a Crofte of lande lately Peter Salmos abbutinge uppon Wrangland.
1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine iv. ii. 22 The land alotted him [sc. Ishmael] ranged out so far, that the bounds and borders thereof abutted on all his kindred.
1719 tr. C.-A. La Fare Mem. & Refl. Reign Lewis XIVth vii. 110 A little Ravine, which abutted upon the Village du Fey on one side.
1789 G. White Nat. Hist. Selborne 1 Being very large and extensive it [sc. Selborne parish] abuts on twelve parishes.
1838 W. Howitt Rural Life Eng. I. iii. iii. 297 Such is the region which abuts upon the Yorkshire dales.
1866 Times 24 Feb. 15/1 (advt.) Freehold Building Land, abutting in the Westminster-bridge and Vauxhall roads.
1910 E. M. Forster Howards End xi. 86 The cottage that abutted on the churchyard was empty, and no other house stood near.
1962 R. W. Finn in H. C. Darby & E. M. J. Campbell Domesday Geogr. South-East Eng. 291 The whole forming a considerable tract abutting on the Sussex border.
2008 B. Charton Facts on File Dict. Marine Sci. at Eurasian Plate The southern edge of the plate abuts on the Iran, Arabian, Turkey, Hellenic, and Adriatic Plates.
b. transitive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > distance > nearness > be near to [verb (transitive)] > be in contact with > border on > at the end
butt1315
abut1659
1659 J. Davies tr. G. de Costes de La Calprenède Hymen's Præludia: 9th & 10th Pts. ix. ii. 52 From this place, by the means of twelve spacious walks, which abutt there, may be seen all the extremities of the Garden.
1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. at Abbuttals The Plaintiff hath failed in his Abuttals, that is, In setting forth how his Land, is abutted and bounded.
1846 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 7 ii. 562 The north-eastern extremity of this argillaceous range is abutted with the Vron and Bronigarth limeworks.
1882 Pall Mall Gaz. 31 May 2/2 The Rotherhithe Baths, abutting Southwark Park.
1922 R. F. Pettigrew Imperial Washington xxv. 341 The Gulf of Fonesca abuts Nicaragua and it abuts San Salvador.
1968 Rehabilitating Narcotics Addict (Inst. Rehabilitation Narcotic Addict) vii. 303 The Southwestern Fairfield area..abuts the border of New York.
2001 N.Y. Mag. 30 July 32/1 Pristine forests abut shimmering salt marshlands and streets lined with homes.
3. Of an object, esp. a part of a building: to touch (something) with a projecting end or point; to end on; to lean against at one end for rest or support. Also figurative.Properly said of the end or corner of an object projecting so as to touch or lean on the side of another.
a. intransitive. With upon, on, or against.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > distance > nearness > be near [verb (intransitive)] > be in contact
meet?a1300
touch?c1425
apply?a1439
abut1492
abut1826
contact1876
1492–3 in M. Bateson Rec. Borough Leicester (1901) II. 337 Item the seyde Saint Margitts gylde holdythe vpone the towne dyke in lengith after the walle viixx & vi fotte, & abuttith vpone the buttes, & in breede xl fotte.
1578 T. Nicholas tr. F. Lopez de Gómara Pleasant Hist. Conquest W. India 201 It is made of stone, with foure dores that abutteth upon the three calseys.
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. xiii. 92 If their last sillables abut not vpon the consonant in the beginning of another word.
1658 J. Collins Sector on Quadrant 216 The Scale of Entrance standing within the Projection, and abutting on the Line of Sines, is no other but a portion of a Line of Sines.
1722 N. Bailey Antiq. London & Westm. iii. 11 It [sc. the border of London and Middlesex] comes to London-wall, where it abuts upon the Tower-Liberty, and there it ends.
1774 W. Gostling Walk Canterbury xvi. 77 This [tower] belongs to the palace, the bound line being a very capricious one..till it abutts against the wall.
1833 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 348 Tertiary strata of the older Pliocene epoch abut against vertical mica-schist.
1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 281/2 In the Ostrich the last rib abuts against the ilium.
1868 H. H. Milman Ann. St. Paul's Cathedral viii. 190 The Chapter House abutted on the south aisle of the Cathedral.
1932 S. Gibbons Cold Comfort Farm iii. 34 The bull's shed abutted upon the right corner of the diary.
1956 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Antiquaries Ireland 86 158 Rarely do we find transept chapels abutting on the choir.
2003 S. D. Markman Jewish Remnants in Spain x. 69 Another projecting section abuts on the north side of the prayer hall.
b. transitive.
ΚΠ
1713 R. North Disc. Fish & Fish-ponds v. 12 They [sc. sluices] are apt to prove leaky..unless they are extraordinarily well abutted.
1793 Z. Cozens Tour through Isle of Thanet ii. 423 A row of four [stones] which abut the rail before the communion table.
1854 Encycl. Brit. VII. 324 The piers of the clerestory..are abutted by flying buttresses.
1864 Athenæum No. 1929. 505/3 The arches are abutted by outstanding structures.
1921 Alpine Jrnl 33 173 We found ourselves at a corner where a buttress abuts a wall.
1957 Jrnl Near Eastern Stud. 16 54 The actual side walls of the passage have disappeared, but the areas along which they abutted the..façade are still conspicuous.
1992 National Trust Mag. Spring 34/2 Particular attention was paid to methods of construction..as well as to how walls abut each other.
4. transitive. To cause (something) to abut; to lean or press (an object) on or against (something); to bring (two things) together.
ΚΠ
1601 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Trauellers Breuiat 170 From thence turning your imaginarie line, and abutting the end in the principalitie of Adel..you shall finde this Empire [sc. Prester John] to containe in compasse 672. leagues.
1788 T. Pownall Notices & Descr. Antiq. Provincia Romana of Gaul 195 It [sc. a bridge] is constructed with a complete arch..abutted on two rocks.
1802 J. Playfair Illustr. Huttonian Theory 378 Such a face..can have been produced only by having been abutted against some stratified rock.
1843 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancement Sci. 1842 Notices & Abstr. 112 These are kept pressed against the ground by means of 1080 mall screws, which admit of being abutted against the front of each frame.
1903 Jrnl. New Eng. Water Wks. Assoc. 17 154 The easterly end of the dam was abutted against an ideal ledge skewback or buttress of hard granite.
1937 A. F. Downing Early Homes Rhode Island 20 Sometimes the lean-to was abutted against the chimney end of the house.
2006 Threads July 43 Lay both pattern pieces right sides up, abutting the vertical seamlines at the upper, mismatched end.
5. intransitive. Of two or more objects: to meet, touch, to be adjacent; (of two or more pieces of land, etc.) to border on one another (at a particular point).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > distance > nearness > be near [verb (intransitive)] > be adjacent
joinc1325
adjoin1425
marge1494
limit1613
sidea1647
verge1789
abut1826
the world > space > distance > nearness > be near [verb (intransitive)] > be in contact
meet?a1300
touch?c1425
apply?a1439
abut1492
abut1826
contact1876
1826 P. Nicholson Pract. Carpentry ii. 33 The principal rafters and straining-beam abut end to end.
1888 Trans. Wisconsin State Agric. Soc. 26 344 If they abut at ends they can be made secure by nailing short pieces of boards on the sides over the joints.
1913 Proc. 6th Ann. Conf. National Tax Assoc. 358 The only factor making for a difference in actual value, is a slightly differing site value;..but this factor disappears where the lands abut.
1983 Boston Globe 23 July In the first section, five buildings abut, each housing anywhere from two to five enclosed garages that are placed around a courtyard entrance.
2001 P. Mattheissen Birds of Heaven i. 37 Where the two tracts abut in the northeast corner of the lake is a promising location for an international reserve.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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