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单词 counterfeit
释义

counterfeitadj.n.

Brit. /ˈkaʊntəfɪt/, /ˈkaʊntəfiːt/, U.S. /ˈkaʊn(t)ərˌfɪt/
Forms: Middle English–1500s countrefet(e, Middle English countrefeet, Middle English countrefayt(e, 1500s countrefeict; Middle English contrefet(e, Middle English–1500s contrefayt(e, contrefaict, contrefait; 1500s Scottish contrafait; Middle English contirfet, 1500s conterfeit, etc.; Middle English–1600s cownter-, countir-, countyrfet(e, etc.; Middle English–1600s counterfet, counterfete, counterfeet, Middle English–1500s counterfett(e, Middle English–1600s counterfeyt(e, counterfayt(e, counterfait(e, counterfaict, 1500s counterfeict, counterfect(e, counterfeight, etc., 1500s–1600s counterfeat, etc., 1600s counterfitte, 1500s– counterfeit.
Etymology: < Old French contrefet, -fait, past participle of contrefaire= Provençal contrafar, Catalan contrafer, Italian contraffare, < Latin type contrā-facĕre to make in opposition or contrast, hence, in opposing imitation. (Contrāfactio, setting in opposition or contrast, occurs in Cassiodorus, and the verb in medieval Latin). In French, from the 14th cent., often spelt -faict after Latin, whence in English in 15–16th cent. -faict, -fect.
A. adj.
†I. As a past participle. Obsolete.
1. Made in imitation of that which is genuine; imitated, forged: see the verb. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > forgery, falsification > [adjective]
counterfeitedc1385
counterfeitc1386
trothlessa1393
bastard1397
forged1484
apocryphate1486
adulterate?a1509
mockisha1513
sophisticate1531
adulterine1542
adulterous1547
mock1548
forbate1558
coined1582
firking1594
feigned1598
adulterated1610
apocryphal1612
spurious1615
usurpeda1616
impostured1619
mock-madea1625
suppository1641
affictitious1656
pasteboard1659
sophisticated1673
flam1678
Brummagem1679
sham1681
belieda1718
fictitious1739
Birmingham1785
pinchbeck1790
brummish1803
Brum1805
flash1812
spurious1830
bogus1839
imitative1839
dummy1846
doctored1853
postiche1854
pseudo1854
Brummagemish1855
snide1859
inauthentic1860
fake1879
bum1884
Brummie1886
tin1886
filled1887
duff1889
faked1890
shicec1890
margarine1891
dud1904
Potemkin village1904
mocked-up1919
phoney baloney1936
four-flushing1942
bodgie1956
moody1958
disauthentic1960
bodgied1988
bodgied-up1988
1292 Britton i. v. §14 Deners countrefetz a nostre monee.]
c1386 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale (Harl.) 648 Stolen were his lettres pryuely..And countrefet þey were subtilly.
1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 192 This letter..Was counterfet in suche a wise, That no man shulde it apperceive.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 803 Many well counterfeit Jewels, make the true mistrusted.
1631 in S. R. Gardiner Rep. Cases Star Chamber & High Comm. (1886) 69 That it was counterfeit by some young counterfeiter.
2. Made to a pattern; fashioned, wrought. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > [adjective] > created or produced > formed or constructed
wroughtOE
wroughtOE
confecta1398
combinedc14..
complosec1420
made1428
counterfeit1463
edificatec1470
construct?a1475
featuredc1500
compact1531
fashioned1535
conflate1541
confectedc1550
framed1565
timbered1570
constitute1589
compacted1598
fact1600
coagulate1610
quilted1617
coagulated1633
conflated1652
composititious1657
made-up1677
compactilea1682
constructed1785
put-together1848
compaginate1877
1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 23 A basyn and an ever of laten cownterfet therto.
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure xxxvi. xvii Their shyppe boate curiously counterfayte.
a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Fourth Bk. Aeneas (1554) iv. sig. Dii The water counterfet Lyke vnto the blacke Auernes lake.
3. Transformed in appearance, disguised. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xiv. 315 He..dysguysed hymself wonderfully..And whan he was thus torned and countrefayt, [etc.].
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) iv. 120 She loked a longe the halle, Where she saw her sonnes thus countrefayte, whyche she knewe not.
4. Represented by a picture or image. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xix. 199 For nothing can be kindly counterfait or represented in his absence, but by great discretion.
II. Adjectival uses.
5.
a. Of material things or substances: Made in imitation of something else, ‘imitation’, not genuine; made of inferior or base materials; spurious, sham, base (esp. of coin).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > forgery, falsification > [adjective] > of materials, metals, etc.
falsec1000
counterfeitc1449
copper1609
chemic1635
sham1699
shoful1835
imitation1840
lathen1843
simulated1942
society > trade and finance > money > counterfeiting > [adjective]
falsec1000
badc1405
counterfeit1556
queer1740
forged1817
wild cat1838
bogus1839
smashing1857
counterfeited1886
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 99 If he be not but countirfeet goold.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 209/2 Counterfayt heer, perrevcque.
1556 N. Grimald tr. Cicero Thre Bks. Duties iii. f. 144v Counterfet money in stede of good.
1665 R. Boyle Occas. Refl. iv. iv. sig. Bb7v A Bait, which..proves but a counterfeit Fly.
1666 S. Pepys Diary 27 June (1972) VII. 184 A frame..of counterfeit Tortoy'shell.
1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 12 The Palace, which without these Counterfeit Pillars would be beautiful in its kind.
1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 10 Apr. (1965) I. 399 That Paste with which they make counterfit Jewells.
1878 W. S. Jevons Polit. Econ. 107 It is difficult to make any counterfeit gold or silver.
b. Of writings: Forged, not genuine, spurious.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > forgery, falsification > faking of documents > [adjective]
falsec1000
Apocrypha1387
counterfeit1393
surmised?1518
apocryph1549
unauthentical1549
suborned1550
apocryphal1590
disauthentic1591
suppositive1598
supposititious1600
surreptitious1615
spurious1624
unauthentic1631
ungenuine1665
ingenuine1675
nothal1716
apocryphical1719
fabricate1755
doctored1853
1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 194 This letter counterfete The messanger..bare.
1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. 579/1 Knowe whiche wer the verye true scripture of God, and which wer scriptures countrefet.
1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. iii. 116 Panetius believes them to be his own, not counterfeit.
1788 J. Priestley Lect. Hist. iv. xxx. 224 To distinguish those that are truly ancient and genuine from such as are counterfeit.
1857 F. D. Maurice Epist. St. John ii. 21 To discern between the honest record and the counterfeit one.
†c. Fashioned, made after a pattern. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [adjective] > that is a copy > modelled on or fashioned after
counterfeit1463
1463 Act 3 Edw. IV c. 4 Countrefeit basyns, ewers, hattes, brusshes, etc.
6.
a. Of things immaterial: Pretended, feigned, false, sham.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > [adjective]
fainta1340
counterfeit1393
pretense1395
feinta1400
feigned1413
disguisyc1430
colourable1433
pretending1434
simulate1435
dissimuled1475
simulative1490
coloureda1500
dissimulate?a1500
simuled1526
colorate1528
dissembled1539
mock1548
devised1552
pretended?1553
artificial1564
supposed1566
counterfeited1569
supposing?1574
affecteda1586
pretensive1607
false1609
supposite1611
simulara1616
simulatory1618
simulated1622
put-ona1625
ironic1631
ironical1646
devisable1659
pretensional1659
pretenced1660
pretensory1663
vizarded1663
shammed?c1677
sham1681
faux1684
fictitious1739
ostensible1762
made-up1773
mala fide1808
assumed1813
semblative1814
fictioned1820
pretextual1837
pseudo1854
fictive1855
schlenter1881
faked1890
phoney1893
phantom1897
1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 70 Wiþ a contrefet simplesse, Which hid was in a fals corage.
?1548 J. Bale Comedy Thre Lawes Nature iv. sig. Dviij That counterfet church standeth al by mennys tradycyons.
a1639 W. Whately Prototypes (1640) ii. xxvi. 17 This painted and counterfeit goodnesse.
1718 Free-thinker No. 39. 1 These Counterfeit Terrors often grow..to be Real.
1837 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. (ed. 3) I. xiv. 205 I also warn you against a counterfeit earnestness.
in combination.?1529 S. Fish Supplicacyon for Beggers sig. A v Counterfeit holy, and ydell beggers and vacabundes.
†b. Disguised. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > means of concealment > [adjective]
disguisyc1330
disguised1393
visured1577
latent1593
misguised1603
palliate1611
bemasked1620
dissembled1631
travested1656
incognito1676
incog1705
counterfeit1724
unconfessed1743
Waltham1748
camouflaged1918
1724 J. Swift Let. to Molesworth p. vi This Counterfeit Hand of my 'Prentice is not very legible.
7. Of persons:
a. That pretends or is falsely represented to be (what is denoted by the noun); sham, pretended.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > [adjective] > feigned, fictitious
falsea1175
feignedc1386
pretenced1425
pretended1461
counterfeit1530
personate1565
sham1683
personated1711
fictitiousa1781
pretence1853
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 209/2 Counterfayt gentylman, gentillatre.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxxix This counterfeight Herault.
c1600 J. Norden Speculum Brit.: Cornwall (1728) 33 Perkyn Werbeck..a counterfeck Prince.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 117 Ire, envie and despair, Which marrd his borrow'd visage, and betraid Him counterfet, if any eye beheld. View more context for this quotation
1823 T. Chalmers Serm. I. 420 The counterfeit and the worthless Poor do a world of mischief to the cause of beneficence.
†b. Pretending to be what he is not; false, deceitful. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > [adjective] > engaged in pretence
pretense1395
would-be?c1400
fictive1493
counterfeitc1515
feigningc1540
sembling1568
personating1612
shamming1682
gammoning1817
possum playing1856
simulating1875
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) liv. 181 He is some counterfeyt varlet.
1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 18 A craftie, close, and counterfect felow.
1603 King James VI & I in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. i. 244 III. 80 I ame also glaide of the discoverie of yone litle counterfitte Wenche.
1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron II. vi. xxii. 82 Fabulous or counterfeit Writers.
†8. Misshapen, deformed. Obsolete. [After French contrefait ; compare counterfeited adj. 2]
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > deformity > [adjective]
crumpa800
crookedc1290
counterfeited1340
courbe1395
crumpleda1400
wanshapena1425
courbedc1430
wrongc1430
crumped1480
mismadec1480
counterfeit1483
crabby1550
crab-tree-like1576
crab-tree1598
crabbed1601
bossive1658
stumping1852
arthritic1961
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 422/2 Hir ii handes were styffe and contrefayte.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xxxii. 635 A dwerf, the moste contirfet and foulest that eny hadde sein.
1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie xxi. 52 Harts beare their heads in diuers sorts and maners, some well growne..some other againe counterfet.
†9. Imitated or represented in a picture or image (or transferred in writing or literary art); portrayed.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > [adjective] > represented in art
portrayeda1400
inpurtureda1529
importurate1553
counterfeit1589
mimicked1733
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xix. 199 This kinde of representation is called the Counterfait countenance.
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. iv. 53 Looke heere vpon this Picture, and on this, The counterfeit presentment of two brothers. View more context for this quotation
1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby x. 86 To infuse into the counterfeit countenance of Miss Nickleby a bright salmon flesh-tint.
B. n.
1. A false or spurious imitation.
a. of material things or substances.
ΚΠ
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xiv. 160 Men counterfeten hem [diamonds] often of cristalle..But..theise contrefetes ben not so harde.
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 ii. v. 498 Neuer call a true piece of golde a counterfet . View more context for this quotation
1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia i. 17 They haue no Beards but counterfeits.
1726 D. Defoe Polit. Hist. Devil ii. viii. 316 Every Coin has its Counterfeit, every Art its Pretender.
1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic xi. 353 I cannot be sure that it is an apple. It may be only a wax counterfeit.
b. of things abstract or immaterial.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > forgery, falsification > [noun] > something false or forged > immaterial thing
counterfeit1600
1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing ii. iii. 104 Counterfeit? there was neuer counterfeit of passion, came so neare the life of passion as she discouers it. View more context for this quotation
1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης Pref. sig. C Els Justice..were not Justice, but a fals counterfet of that impartial and Godlike vertue.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 169 One who does not value real glory, will not value its counterfeit.
c. A writing, etc. that is not genuine; a forgery.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > forgery, falsification > [noun] > something false or forged
falsehood1340
counterfeiture1548
forgery1574
bastard1581
man of straw1599
counterfeit1613
imitationa1616
mock1646
pasteboard1648
sophistication1664
imposture1699
fraud1725
sham1728
adulteration1756
falsity1780
duff1781
shim-sham1797
shammy1822
Hodge-razor1843
pinchbeck1847
shice1859
cook-up1865
postiche1876
fakery1880
fake1883
bogosity1893
spuriosity1894
dud1897
cluck1904
rake-up1957
bodgie1988
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > forgery, falsification > faking of documents > [noun] > instance of
apocryphc1449
supposition1581
counterfeit1613
1613 J. Salkeld Treat. Angels 322 Though for the same also Origines be cited: yet certaine it is, that that Origines is a counterfeit.
1624 T. Gataker Discuss. Transubstant. 109 Citing (besides some of his owne counterfaits..) a saying of S. Chrysostome.
1712 J. Arbuthnot John Bull Still in Senses iii. iii. 15 He has the original Deed..the others are Counterfeits.
†2.
a. One who imitates another for whom he passes himself off; a pretender, an impostor. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > [noun] > one who or that which dissembles
feigner1382
pseudo1402
simular1526
simuler1534
colourer1554
counterfeiter1561
truphane1568
counterfeit1574
put-forth1581
pretender1583
impostor1586
idol1590
would-be1607
phantasm1622
farce1696
imposture1699
Barmecide1713
simulator1835
fraud1850
sham1850
fake1855
swindle1858
shammer1861
make-believe1863
hoax1869
economizer1874
make-believer1884
ringer1896
phoney1902
faker1910
shill1976
1574 A. Golding tr. A. Marlorat Catholike Expos. Reuelation 30 Of which Epistles..the fifth and seuenth are directed too the counterfets and hypocrites.
1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 232 The two counterfeits, Lambert, and Perkin Warbeck.
1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Gothick Warre iii. 88 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian Narses met him; and upon speech with him, found him a counterfet.
1754 Bp. T. Sherlock Disc. (1759) I. i. 36 The specious Pretences of Counterfeits and Impostors.
1768 H. Walpole Hist. Doubts 86 The persons who could best detect the Counterfeit, if he [Perkin Warbeck] had been one.
†b. = counterfeiter n. 1. Obsolete rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > counterfeiting > [noun] > person who
falser1340
false-bullera1400
money-makerc1450
multipliera1500
counterfeiter1534
false-coiner1574
coiner1578
counterfeit1606
ben-feaker1612
venter1629
voucher1673
falsifiera1682
utterer1731
figure-dancer1796
boodler1872
paper-pusher1928
1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iii. 45 To boile to death some cunning counterfait That with false stamp some Princes Coyne hath beat.
†3.
a. An imitation or representation in painting, sculpture, etc.; an image, likeness, portrait. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > [noun] > an artistic representation
ylikenesseOE
likenessOE
anlikenessOE
ylikeOE
imagec1300
acornc1388
portraiturea1393
resemblancea1393
semblanta1400
counterfeitc1400
shapec1400
statuec1405
representation1477
presentationa1513
presentment1535
effigy1539
porture1542
express1553
effigium1564
representance1565
designment1570
icon1572
mimesisa1586
effigies1615
expressurea1616
represent1615
signature1618
proportion1678
representative1766
rendering1825
buggerlugs1839
effigiation1876
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xx. 218 All þo þat ben maryed han a countrefete made lyche a mannes foot vpon here hedes..in tokene þat þei ben vnder mannes fote and vnder subieccioun.
1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 322 They never painted the resemblaunce or counterfaite of Gods contenaunce in table, or picture.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. ii. 115 What finde I heere? Faire Portias counterfeit . View more context for this quotation
1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 39 An olde little counterfeit in brasse representing him being a child.
1620 T. May Heir in I. Reed Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Plays (1780) VIII. 126 Wear it about 'em as lovers do their mistress' counterfeit.
1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 99 Making more lively Counterfaits of Nature in Wax.
1838 R. Southey Inscriptions xlv, in Poet. Wks. III. 175 Him, in whose prophetic counterfeit Preserved, the children..may see their father's face, Here to the very life pourtray'd.
b. figurative. A copy. archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [noun] > an imitation
resemblant1484
patterna1500
counterfeiture1548
counterfeit1587
idol1590
reduplication1592
copy1596
module1608
imitationa1616
mockage1615
echo1622
conduplicationa1631
transcript1646
ectype1647
mime1650
duplicating1659
mimicry1688
replication1692
shadow1693
reproduction1701
mimication?1715
repetition1774
replicate1821
autotype1829
replica1841
re-creation1915
retake1922
mock-up1957
reprise1961
1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xiv. 226 In the outward man we haue a Counterfet of the whole world.
1591 Troublesome Raigne Iohn i. sig. Bv He looketh like the King..I neuer saw so liuely counterfet Of Richard Cordelion, as in him.
1879 J. D. Long tr. Virgil Æneid ix. 378 Entranced at such A counterfeit of his own filial love.
†4. A deformed or misshapen person: cf. A. 8.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > deformity > [noun] > person
misshapec1400
counterfeit1557
hodmandod1664
zad1725
freak of nature1847
wingy1880
1557 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Diall Princes f. 73v/2 I am lame, I am crooked, I am balde, I am a counterfeyte.
1578 T. Nicholas tr. F. Lopez de Gómara Pleasant Hist. Conquest W. India 177 He had Dwarfes, crookebacks, and other deformed counterfeits..to laugh at.
†5. The action of counterfeiting. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > forgery, falsification > [noun]
counterfeiturec1325
adulteration1502
sophistication1564
falsification1565
counterfeisance1590
forgery1594
fausonry1647
alchemisting1649
counterfacture1682
coinage1693
counterfeiting1697
faking1819
counterfeit1843
doctoring1963
1843 tr. A. L. L. de Custine Empire of Czar III. 309 Such originality as they have lies in the gift of counterfeit.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

counterfeitv.

Brit. /ˈkaʊntəfɪt/, /ˈkaʊntəfiːt/, U.S. /ˈkaʊn(t)ərˌfɪt/
Forms: see prec.
Etymology: < counterfeit adj.; taken as < French contrefaire.
1. transitive. To make an imitation of, imitate (with intent to deceive):
a. an action, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > pretend, simulate, feign [verb (transitive)] > action, etc.
counterfeit1340
feign1632
feint1833
1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 4311 Þus sal anticrist þan countrefette Þe wondirs of God.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Iiiii By their enchauntementes..conterfeatyng the myracles of Moyses.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 1069 That false Worm, of whomsoever taught To counterfet Mans voice. View more context for this quotation
1719 J. Richardson Art Crit. 186 Colouring and Drawing..are as impossible to be Counterfeited as the Handling.
1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. vi. 49 Counterfeiting a sneeze.
b. a thing: To make a fraudulent imitation of, forge (e.g. coin, bank-notes, handwriting).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > forgery, falsification > forge, falsify [verb (transitive)] > material things
counterfeitc1386
marshalc1450
falsify1601
water1646
to quack titles1715
distress1943
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > forgery, falsification > faking of documents > forge, falsify [verb (transitive)]
false1303
forgec1330
counterfeitc1386
deceit1484
falsify1502
forge1535
sophisticate1605
doctor1750
fabricate1779
c1386 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale (Harl.) 648 Stolen were his lettres pryuely..And countrefet þey were subtilly.
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xiv. 160 Men counterfeten hem [diamonds] often of cristall.
1590 R. Hakluyt Pict. Virginia Pref. (1888) Yf any seeke to contrefaict thes my bookx.
1602 W. Fulbecke Parallele or Conf. Law i. 88 If a man doe counterfeit the Kings money..this is treason.
1621 H. Elsynge Notes Deb. House of Lords (1870) 95 The prisoners which counterfeyted my L. Staffordes hande and seale.
1737 G. Berkeley Let. in Wks. (1871) IV. 249 That it be felony to counterfeit the notes of this bank.
1790 W. Paley Horæ Paulinæ i. 6 Two attempts to counterfeit St. Paul's epistles.
1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) II. 378 He counterfeited the seal of Pausanias, [and] opened the letter entrusted to him.
1875 W. S. Jevons Money (1878) 43 The coins..would become dirty and easily counterfeited.
absolute.1735 J. Swift Let. to Middleton in Wks. IV. 195 Continuing, and counterfeiting as long as he lives.
†c. To make spurious, adulterate. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > mix or blend [verb (transitive)] > add as ingredient to a mixture > qualify by admixture > adulterate
adulterc1384
feigna1398
sophisticatec1400
infect?1440
counterfeit1495
adulterate?1526
dash1548
falsify1562
elay1573
abuse1574
base1581
corrupt1581
debase1591
adulterize1593
compass1594
sophisticate1604
allay1634
huckster1642
hucksterize1646
cauponize1652
alloy1661
balderdash1674
impurify1693
doctor1726
vitiate1728
sand1851
dope1898
1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) xvii. xli. sig. Oviiv/2 [Saffron] is somtyme countrefetyd [a1398 BL Add. yfeyned] with a thynge that hyght Croco magina.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 64 It [sc. saffron] is craftely counterfeited by..adding therto..lead to encrease the weyght.
1686 W. Harris tr. N. Lémery Course Chym. (ed. 2) i. xvi. 295 Crystal Mineral is often counterfeited, by mixing Roche-alom with it during the fusion... This adulteration may be known, [etc.].
2. To make (anything) in fraudulent imitation of something else; to make or devise (something spurious) and pass it off as genuine; to forge.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > forgery, falsification > forge, falsify [verb (transitive)]
forgec1330
counterfeitc1386
feign1484
flamc1500
adulterate?1526
mint1593
fashion1600
fudge1674
sham1699
doctor1750
fake1884
to fake up1885
phoney1940
bodgie1969
society > trade and finance > money > counterfeiting > counterfeit [verb (transitive)]
false1303
counterfeit1560
to gild over1574
c1386 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale 648 And countrefeted was ful subtilly Another lettre wroght ful synfully.
1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 192 This letter..Was counterfet in suche a wise, That no man shulde it apperceive.
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) v. 52 The fyn bawme is more heuy twyes, þan is the bawme þt is sophisticat and counterfeted.
1560 Sum. Certain Reasons in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) II. 477 By continuing of the base monies, divers persons..have counterfaicted.
1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 267 He lost a Ring of Gold..he conceals the loss, and counterfeits another like it of silver.
1726 W. R. Chetwood Voy. & Adventures Capt. R. Boyle 329 She..counterfeited the Letter she gave me as from her Father.
1873 Act 36 & 37 Victoria c. 86 §25 Every person who forges or counterfeits any certificate.
†3. To put a false or deceiving appearance upon; to disguise, falsify. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > means of concealment > conceal by disguise [verb (transitive)]
beclout?c1225
disguisea1375
veilc1384
dissimule1485
counterfeit1490
dissemble?1507
guisea1510
wry1567
discountenance1574
conceal1598
belie1610
dislikena1616
obvolve1623
transvest1649
travesty1665
mask1847
camouflage1917
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > semblance, outward show > present speciously [verb (transitive)] > conceal real state
dissimulec1374
feigna1393
shroud1412
abuse?a1439
counterfeit1490
cloak1509
dissemblea1535
maska1593
dissimulate1610
disguisea1616
pretext1634
mascherate1654
veil1700
camouflage1917
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) vii. 172 Reynawde..contrefaytted thus his langage, by cause the duke Naymes sholde not knowe hym.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. vi. f. 44 Men like players counterfeted and disguysed.
1679 G. Rose tr. P. Boaistuau Theatre of World i. 36 He counterfeits his voice, so that you would think it some other bird.
1722 D. Defoe Moll Flanders 365 I Counterfeited my Voice.
4. To put on (with intent to deceive) the appearance or semblance of; to feign, pretend, simulate.
a. with simple object (a feeling, quality, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > pretend, simulate, feign [verb (transitive)]
mitheeOE
bipechec1000
huec1000
feigna1300
unlikena1382
counterfeitc1400
pretend1402
dissimulec1430
dissimule1483
simule?a1500
semble1530
counterfeit1534
dissemblea1538
suppose1566
countenance1590
mock1595
assume1604
to put on1625
assimulate1630
personate1631
to take on1645
simulate1652
forge1752
sham1775
possum1850
to turn on1865
fake1889
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 13 Bot if þay conterfete crafte..As be honest vt-wyth, and in-with alle fylþez, Þen ar þay synful.
?c1550 tr. P. Vergil Eng. Hist. (1846) I. 250 Hee, cownterfitinge great expedition to fighte, slipped away unto his adversaries.
1608 Bp. J. Hall Characters Vertues & Vices ii. 76 [The Hypocrite] counterfeits a smiling welcome.
1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ ii. v. §1 To deter men..from counterfeiting a Prophetick Spirit.
1753 S. Johnson Adventurer No. 120. ⁋6 To counterfeit happiness which they do not feel.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. iv. ii. 213 To counterfeit death.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 326 Signs of increasing prosperity..which could neither be counterfeited nor concealed.
†b. with object clause or infinitive. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > pretend, simulate, feign [verb (transitive)]
mitheeOE
bipechec1000
huec1000
feigna1300
unlikena1382
counterfeitc1400
pretend1402
dissimulec1430
dissimule1483
simule?a1500
semble1530
counterfeit1534
dissemblea1538
suppose1566
countenance1590
mock1595
assume1604
to put on1625
assimulate1630
personate1631
to take on1645
simulate1652
forge1752
sham1775
possum1850
to turn on1865
fake1889
1534 R. Whittington tr. Cicero Thre Bks. Tullyes Offyces i. sig. B.8 Counterfaytyng that truce was take, for the dayes, & not for the nyghtes.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. f. 110v False teachers..countrefeiting to preache my gospell.
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iv. iii. 174 Take a good heart, and counterfeit to be a man. View more context for this quotation
1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre iv. xii. 189 These Templars were loth King Lewis should come to Ptolemais, though they counterfeited he should be very welcome there.
†c. reflexive with infinitive or complement. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > pretend, dissemble [verb (reflexive)]
feign1297
abuse?a1439
counterfeit1610
personate1710
to pass off1770
to hold out1829
to work off1894
1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God i. i. 2 [They] counterfeited themselues to be the seruants of Christ.
1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine ii. x. 218 David to save his life counterfeited himself mad.
1726 D. Defoe Polit. Hist. Devil ii. v. 253 Who counterfeited himself to be a Devil.
†d. intransitive (for reflexive) with complement. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. 22 The same man of sin counterfeiting protestant.
1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης i. 10 The deepest policy of a Tyrant hath bin ever to counterfet Religious.
†5. To assume the character of (a person, etc.); to pretend to be; to pass oneself off as; to personate. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > pretend, simulate, feign [verb (transitive)] > lay claim to, personate
counterfeitc1290
colour1419
personate1604
affecta1616
belie1616
sham1699
assume1714
personify1779
c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 14/449 Bi him þat þou countrefetest.
c1325 Poem Times Edw. II 122 in Pol. Songs (Camden) 329 Thise abbotes and priours..riden wid hauk and hound, and contrefeten knihtes.
c1500 Lyfe Roberte Deuyll 765 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 248 He muste counterfeyt a fole in all manere.
1548 R. Crowley Informacion & Peticion sig. Biv Tenauntes, not able to be lande lordes, and yet, after a sorte they conterfayte landelordes.
1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 20 To counterfeite and personate the second sonne of Edward the Fourth, supposed to bee murdered.
6. intransitive. To feign, make pretence, practise deceit.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > pretend, dissemble [verb (intransitive)]
letc1000
faitc1330
counterfeitc1374
dissimulec1374
feignc1400
showc1405
supposea1450
fare1483
simule?a1500
dissemble1523
pretend1526
frame1545
cloakc1572
jouk1573
pretent1582
disguisea1586
devise1600
semble1603
coin1607
insimulate1623
fox1646
sham1787
dissimulate1796
gammon1819
to let on1822
simulate1823
possum1832
simulacrize1845
to put on an act1929
to put on (also up) a show1937
prat1967
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde ii. 1483 I am seke in ernest..Quod Pandarus, Thow shalt the betir pleyne, And hast the lesse nede to contrefete.
1477 T. Norton Ordinall of Alchimy iv, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Britannicum (1652) 48 They will counterfaict to beguile their Brother.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iv. ii. 117 Are you not mad indeed, or do you but counterfeit ? View more context for this quotation
1685 C. Cotton tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. (1877) I. 72 In this last scene of death, there is no more counterfeiting.
7. transitive. To take, receive, or have the appearance of; to ‘imitate’, be an imitation of, simulate, resemble, be like. (Without implying deceit.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > simulation > simulate [verb (transitive)]
belikec1275
counterfeitc1374
imitate1598
dissemble1697
to go through the motions1816
to mock up1914
c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. v. vi. 173 So as it ne may nat contrefeten it..ne ben euene lyke to it.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 555 More haf we serued..Þen þyse þat wroȝte not hourez two, And þou dotz hem vus to counterfete.
1592 W. West Symbolæogr.: 1st Pt. §32 F These Contractes..in respect of labor to bee taken..counterfait Location and conduction.
1645 J. Milton Il Penseroso in Poems 40 Where glowing Embers through the room Teach light to counterfeit a gloom.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Bristol 33 A Bridge, which being built on both sides, counterfeiteth a continued street.
1772 W. Jones Poems 31 A golden ray..taught the gloom to counterfeit the day.
a1839 W. M. Praed Poems (1864) I. 166 Sleep counterfeited Death so well.
†8. To imitate, copy:
a. To follow the example of (a person). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > imitate [verb (transitive)] > follow a person as an example
followOE
suec1300
counterfeitc1374
to take witness by (also of)c1400
take1544
borrow1549
personate1612
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 1119 Wol ȝe the childishe Ialous contrefete?
c1386 G. Chaucer Nun's Priest's Tale 501 Now syngeth sire..Let se konne ye youre fader countrefete?
a1420 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 1186 I may not countirfete Scipioun In armes.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 Cor. iv. 16 I desyre you to counterfayte me.
1553 T. Wilson Arte Rhetorique (1580) 222 Counterfeictyng those that doe speake distinctly.
1607 T. Walkington Optick Glasse (1664) vii. 83 They..do apishly counterfeit, and resemble a Poet.
†b. To imitate or follow (conduct, action, manner, fashion). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > imitate [verb (transitive)] > follow advice, example, etc.
followOE
counterfeitc1405
to shoot atc1407
ensue1430
enfollowc1449
to follow suit with1655
to follow the lead of1863
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 139 She..peyned hire to countrefete chiere Of Court and been estatlich of manere.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xiii. ii. 100 Ȝe contyrfeyt my reuth and pite eik.
1558 Q. Kennedy Compendius Tractiue ix. sig. Dviiv Walde God thair wer als mony contrefatit thair repentance as dois thair vice.
1604 King James VI & I Counterblaste to Tobacco sig. C Counterfeiting the maners of others.
†c. To make an imitation or copy of (a thing). Obsolete except as in 1b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > imitate [verb (transitive)] > repeat in a copy
counterfeit1362
to take out1530
take1538
reduplicate1570
imitate1590
counter-make1595
ingeminate1625
replicate1661
recopy1684
takea1715
reproduce1838
duplicate1860
facsimile1862
carbon copy1914
1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. xi. 133 Of alle maner craftus I con counterfeten heor tooles.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 50 Some making earth in mould doo counterfeite Brickwalles.
1621 M. Wroth Countesse of Mountgomeries Urania 519 Her complexion..neuer was for excellency equald, or could be counterfeited.
1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia ii. 32 Every part as artificially counterfeited as they can devise.
†d. To make or devise (a thing) in imitation of something else. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > imitate [verb (transitive)] > model on or fashion after
comparisona1382
counterfeitc1430
like?c1450
exemplify1566
pattern1567
afform1578
c1430 Freemasonry 22 Thys onest craft of good masonry Wes..Y-cownterfetyd of thys clerkys y-fere.
a1577 G. Gascoigne Princelie Pleasures Kenelworth sig. A.iv, in Whole Wks. (1587) Who had likewise huge and monstrous Trumpettes counterfetted, wherein they seemed to sound.
†9.
a. To represent by a picture, statue, or the like; to depict, delineate, portray. Also said of the picture, etc. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > represent in art [verb (transitive)]
workOE
shapea1375
express1382
marka1393
resemblea1393
portraya1398
devisea1400
makea1400
represent?a1425
counterfeitc1440
to set on write1486
porturea1500
emporturea1529
story1532
portrait1548
show1565
decipher1567
portraiture1581
to set forth1585
emblazea1592
stell1598
defigure1599
infigure1606
effigiate1608
deportract1611
deportray1611
rendera1616
image1624
configure1630
exiconize1641
effigies1652
to take off1680
mimic1770
paraphrase1961
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 99 Cowntyrfetyn, configuro, conformo.
1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 276 It requireth an Apelles, to haue Alexander well counterfaited.
1641 R. Carpenter Experience, Hist., & Divinitie iv. i. 125 The pictures counterfeit men and women.
1660 tr. H. Bloome title The booke of five collumnes of architecture..Drawn and counterfeited after the right Symmetry and cunning measure of Free-Masons.
†b. To represent, portray, or reproduce in writing or by literary art. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > narration > description or act of describing > describe [verb (transitive)]
sayOE
devisec1300
readc1300
to make (a) showing ofc1330
counterfeitc1369
expressc1386
scrievec1390
descrya1400
scrya1400
drawa1413
representc1425
describec1450
report1460
qualify?1465
exhibit1534
perscribe1538
to set out1545
deline1566
delineate1566
decipher1567
denotate1599
lineate16..
denote1612
givea1616
inform?1615
to shape out1633
speaka1637
display1726
to hit off1737
c1369 G. Chaucer Bk. Duchesse 1241 I can not now well counterfete Her wordes, but this was the grete Of her answere.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 17 Suche as writte farcis and contrefait the vulgare speche.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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