correctionn.

/kəˈrɛkʃən/

Forms: Also Middle English co(r)reccioun, Middle English–1500s correccion, correccyon, correctioun(e, correctione, (Middle English coreccion, correxyon).

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman correccioun = French correction , < Latin correctiōn-em , noun of action < corrigĕre (participial stem correct- ) to correct v.

a. The action of correcting or setting right; substitution of what is right for what is erroneous in (a book, etc.); amendment. Hence, loosely, pointing out or marking of errors (in order to their removal). correction of the press: i.e. of printers' errors.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > amending > [noun]

rightingOE

mendmentc1300

amendment1340

correction1340

amendinga1382

mendinga1400

rectificationa1400

mendnessa1425

redress1448

addressment1481

redressa1529

remedying1547

redub1549

restauration1560

correcting1580

rightening1583

emendation1586

restitution1636

cure1675

reform1700

readjustment1749

remediation1794

redressal1800

redressment1822

society > communication > printing > correction > [noun] > of printers' errors

correction of the press1877

1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 9594 If any defaut in þis tretice be..I wil stand til þe correccion of ilka rightwyse lered man.

1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. mvij^v/1 Yf in al thys book I haue mesprysed..I demaunde correxyon and amendement.

?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Bbiv ^v Submyttyng me to the correction of your grace.

1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 19 Chaucer dothe submytte the Correctione of his woorkes to Gower.

1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 4 That Translation was not so..perfect but that it needed in many places correction.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 144. ⁋9 The accuracy..of the style was produced by the successive correction of the chief criticks of the age.

1850 F. W. Robertson Serm. 3rd Ser. vi. 80 All experience is a correction of life's delusions.

1857 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. (ed. 3) I. 367 The correction of the calendar.

1877 Blackie's Pop. Encycl. II. 565/2 In the early times of the art of printing more attention was paid..to the correction of the press.

1879 ‘G. Eliot’ Theophrastus Such xi. 203 To admit that he has made a blunder or to appear conscious of correction.

b. under correction: subject to correction; a formula expressing deference to superior information, or critical authority. So †saving correction.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [adverb] > subject to correction

though I say it that should notc888

under correctionc1374

under (also saving) reformation1553

with (great) submission1597

c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 1282 For myne wordes here and euery part I speke hem alle vnder correccioun Of yow.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) i. 21 It semeth me (spekynge vnder correction) that my lorde..hath enterprised a great foly.

1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 58 Savinge correctione, the former sence is good.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iii. iii. 65 Captaine Mackmorrice, I thinke, looke you, vnder your correction, there is not many of your Nation.

1669 J. Dryden Wild Gallant iii. i. 27 I do not conceive myself under correction, so inconsiderable a person.

1830 A. W. Fonblanque Eng. under Seven Admin. (1837) II. 65 It seems to me, saving correction, that this does not concern us.

1886 W. Stubbs 17 Lect. Study Hist. i. 17 I speak under correction, for I do not pretend to look at the subject as a question of psychology.

2. (with a and plural) An act or instance of emendation; concrete that which is substituted for what is wrong or faulty, esp. in a literary work; an emendation.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > textual criticism > [noun] > emendation of text

correction1528

castigation?1611

reflection1648

emendation1652

amends1888

1528 S. Gardiner in N. Pocock Rec. Reformation (1870) I. li. 130 Wherein when we saw the additions, detractions, and corrections.

1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 2 The annotacions and corrections deliuered by master Thomas Speghte vppon the last editione of Chaucers Workes.

1738 T. Birch Life Milton in J. Milton Wks. I. 7 To see the first Thoughts and subsequent Corrections of so great a Poet as Milton.

1832 C. Babbage Econ. Machinery & Manuf. xx. 168 He should make the whole of his corrections in the manuscript, and should copy it out fairly.

1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) III. 648 The compositor..makes the corrections in the types, by lifting out the wrong letters..and putting in right ones in their places.

†3. The correcting (of a person) for faults of character or conduct; reprehension, rebuke, reproof. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > [noun]

telingeOE

chastiment?c1225

snapinga1300

snibbinga1300

reproving?1316

undernimminga1325

correctiona1340

threapening1340

admonishingc1350

reproofa1375

scourgingc1374

correptionc1380

repreyningc1390

reprehensiona1413

undertakingc1430

rebuke?a1439

admonition1440

correptingc1449

rebut?c1450

reprehendingc1450

redargution1483

reproval1493

increpation1502

prisec1540

tasking1543

check1588

improof1590

snubbing1600

threap1636

compellation1656

reprovement1675

reprimanding1698

rowing1812

lecturing1861

carpeting1888

eldering1912

woodshedding1940

stick1956

a1340 R. Rolle Psalter ix. 24 Grete ire is of god when coreccioun is away & flaterynge comes.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Titus iii. 10 Schonye thou a man heretyk, aftir oon and the secunde coreccioun, or correpcioun, or reprouyng.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Hosea v. 9 In the day of correctioun [a1425 L.V. amendyng; L. correptionis].

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 40 Feruent in the correction of other mennes vices.

1611 Bible (King James) 2 Tim. iii. 16 All Scripture..is profitable for doctrine, for reproofe, for correction .

1795 W. Paley View Evidences Christianity (ed. 3) II. ii. ii. 34 His repeated correction of the ambition of his disciples.

1814 I. D'Israeli Quarrels Auth. II. 149 Wotton, in a dignified reproof, administered a spirited correction to the party-spirit.

a. The correcting (of a person) by disciplinary punishment; chastisement, sometimes spec. with a view to amendment; but frequently in later use (now somewhat archaic) of corporal punishment, flogging.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > [noun] > corrective

chastiment?c1225

yard?c1225

chastisement1303

chastising1303

disciplinec1350

correctionc1386

castigationc1397

chastementc1425

nurturing1460

disciplining1532

chastice1594

disciplining1645

schooling1703

tickle-toby1830

nurture1911

society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > [noun] > beating

swingingc1200

beating?c1225

chastising1303

correctionc1386

lashingc1400

scouring1426

Moses' law1482

jerking1552

whipping1566

yarking1573

feaking1600

correct1606

tawing1620

lacing1622

castigation1640

basking1642

verberation1661

strappado1668

the lash1694

flogging1758

whopping1812

quilting1822

blistering1842

whaling1852

nailing1895

c1386 G. Chaucer Friar's Tale 22 Thanne hadde he thurgh his Iurisdiccion Power to doon on hem correccion.

c1400 Three Kings Cologne xxxiii. (1886) 123 [They] myȝt not reuoke þe pepil from her eresyes by no spirituel correccioun ne temporel correccioun.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. ii. f. vi In the lawe of Moyses ther was almost no correccion for notable and great crimes, but deth.

1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia ii. 38 Their ordinary correction is to beate them with cudgels.

1662 Bk. Com. Prayer, Visit. Sick Sanctify..this thy fatherly correction to him.

1780 J. Comyns Digest Laws Eng. V. 588 Other Instruments of Punishment or Correction are..The Pillory and Stocks.

1781 S. Johnson Blackmore in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets V. 17 Correction seldom effects more than the suppression of faults.

1836 Sir J. Elley in Ho. Com. 26 Feb. Corporal punishment—a mode of correction we all deplore.

1844 W. M. Thackeray Barry Lyndon ii. ii, in Fraser's Mag Nov. 592/2 I..administered such a correction across the young caitiff's head and shoulders with my horsewhip.

†b. An exercise of correcting discipline.

c. Correcting control. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1465 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 297 Desyryng hys lordshyp that..a correccyon myȝt be hadde, in as moch as he was.. hys ordynare, and..he was a prest and vndere hys correccyon.

d. house of correction n. a building for the confinement and punishment of offenders, esp. with a view to their reformation; a bridewell.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prison > [noun] > reformatory prison

workhouse?c1475

house of correction1575

bridewell1583

work-jail1619

correction-housec1625

rasp house1651

bettering house1735

bettering mansion1740

penitentiary house1779

penitentiary1807

work farm1835

farm1857

pen1881

prison-industrial complex1965

1575–6 Act 18 Eliz. c. 3 §5 In everye Countye..one Two or more Abyding Howses..shalbe provided, and called the Howse or Howses of Correction for setting on worcke and punishinge..of suche as..shalbee taken as Roges.

1611 in Quarter Sessions Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1884) I. 225 Ordered That a House of Correction be erected in the Towne of Richmond for the whole North Riding and Richmond Towne.

1670 A. Marvell Let. 8 Dec. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 120 The Bill for Conventicles..orders that who can not pay his 5^s..shall worke it out in the house of correction.

1766 J. Entick Surv. London in New Hist. London IV. 386 A bridewell or house of correction.

1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist I. xiii. 208 A miserable shoeless criminal, who had been..committed..to the House of Correction for one month.

1890 Home Office Order To The Keeper of the House of Correction, at Preston, in the County of Lancaster.

†5. Control, regulation, governance. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > [noun] > regulation

ordinancec1384

rule1438

ordera1500

reglement1604

regulation1611

correction1657

1657 J. Howell Londinopolis 17 They have had the conservation and correction of the River of Thames.

6. The counteracting or neutralizing of the ill effect of (something hurtful or unpleasant).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > operation upon something > [noun] > neutralizing or counteracting

correction1477

countervailinga1613

counteraction1791

neutralization1817

1477 T. Norton Ordinall of Alchimy vi, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Britannicum (1652) 97 Another Furnace..serving..for Correction called Ablution.

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 357 This strong medicine..ought not to be giuen inwardly vnto delicate bodies without great correction.

1747 J. Wesley Primitive Physick p. xvi There is a sufficiency of other Medicines, which need no such Correction.

a. Mathematics and Physics. The addition or subtraction of some quantity to or from the result of an observation or calculation, to bring it into accordance with certain standard conditions; the quantity so added or subtracted. †correction of a fluent (in Fluxions): the determination of what is now called the constant of integration; the constant itself.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > adaptation or adjustment > [noun] > in order to conform > of results of observations or calculations

correction1743

1743 W. Emerson Doctr. Fluxions And finding the Fluent, z = ^sx²/ _2tt , which needs no Correction (because when z = o, x = o).

1796 C. Hutton Math. & Philos. Dict. (new ed.) I. 482 at Fluent The Fluent of a given fluxion, found as above, sometimes..wants a correction.

1839 Penny Cycl. XIII. 422/2 The correction for the thickness [of the lens], to be subtracted from F [the focal distance].

1890 C. A. Young Elem. Astron. xiv. §492 The correction for parallax always has to be added to the observed altitude.

b. Optics. The counteraction of the aberration or dispersion of the rays in a lens or other optical instrument.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > lens > [noun] > correction

correction1856

1856 W. B. Carpenter Microscope i. 53 If the lenses be so adjusted that their correction is perfect for an uncovered object.

1890 C. A. Young Elem. Astron. xvi. §533 To give the most perfect possible correction of the spherical aberration as well as of the chromatic.

1890 C. A. Young Elem. Astron. xvi. §534 It is not possible with the kinds of glass hitherto available to obtain a perfect correction of color.

†8. The condition of being corrected or correct (in style). Obsolete. rare. [A Gallicism.]

ΚΠ

1759 S. Johnson in C. Lennox tr. P. Brumoy Greek Theatre III. 154 No poetry lasts long that is not very correct; the ballance therefore seems to incline in favour of correction... So certain is it that correction is the touch-stone of poetry.

Compounds

correction-house n. = house of correction n. at sense 4d.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prison > [noun] > reformatory prison

workhouse?c1475

house of correction1575

bridewell1583

work-jail1619

correction-housec1625

rasp house1651

bettering house1735

bettering mansion1740

penitentiary house1779

penitentiary1807

work farm1835

farm1857

pen1881

prison-industrial complex1965

c1625 R. Harris Hezekiah's Recov. (1630) 28 There be, in the countrey..correction-houses to be builded.

1630 in F. M. Eden State of Poor (1797) I. 159 That the Correction-Houses in all Counties may be made adjoining to the Common prisons and the gaoler to be made Governor of them.

1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering III. ix. 175 A..fierce attack..upon the outer gate of the correction-house.

correction-proof adj. proof against correction.

ΚΠ

1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. xvi. 111 A stubborn youth, correction-proof.

correction-table n. a table of corrections (see 7).

ΚΠ

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. ix. 67 Voyagers speak of the effects of Arctic refraction in language as exact and mathematical as their own correction tables.

Draft additions 1993

correction officer n. U.S. = prison officer n. at prison n. Compounds 1a.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prisoner > [noun] > jailer

jailerc1290

prisonera1325

officer?1387

claviculer1447

javeler?c1450

key turner1606

baston1607

twistkey1617

prison keeper1623

detainer1647

prison officer1649

turnkey1655

imprisoner1656

phylacist1656

cipier1671

wardsman1683

goodman1698

prison guard1722

screw1812

dungeoner1817

dubsman1839

cell-keeper1841

prison warder1854

warder1855

dubs1882

twirl1891

hack1914

correction officer1940

1940 Ann. Rep. N.Y. State Comm. Correction 1939 xiii. 141 The custodial staff consists of two Captains, three Acting Captains, and 97 Correction Officers.

1986 N.Y. Times 13 Nov. b3/1 A car driven by an off-duty correction officer slammed into the scene of an earlier, minor accident on a Queens highway.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	correction
释义	correctionn. /kəˈrɛkʃən/ Forms: Also Middle English co(r)reccioun, Middle English–1500s correccion, correccyon, correctioun(e, correctione, (Middle English coreccion, correxyon). Etymology: < Anglo-Norman correccioun = French correction , < Latin correctiōn-em , noun of action < corrigĕre (participial stem correct- ) to correct v. 1. a. The action of correcting or setting right; substitution of what is right for what is erroneous in (a book, etc.); amendment. Hence, loosely, pointing out or marking of errors (in order to their removal). correction of the press: i.e. of printers' errors. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > amending > [noun] rightingOE mendmentc1300 amendment1340 correction1340 amendinga1382 mendinga1400 rectificationa1400 mendnessa1425 redress1448 addressment1481 redressa1529 remedying1547 redub1549 restauration1560 correcting1580 rightening1583 emendation1586 restitution1636 cure1675 reform1700 readjustment1749 remediation1794 redressal1800 redressment1822 society > communication > printing > correction > [noun] > of printers' errors correction of the press1877 1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 9594 If any defaut in þis tretice be..I wil stand til þe correccion of ilka rightwyse lered man. 1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. mvij^v/1 Yf in al thys book I haue mesprysed..I demaunde correxyon and amendement. ?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Bbiv ^v Submyttyng me to the correction of your grace. 1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 19 Chaucer dothe submytte the Correctione of his woorkes to Gower. 1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 4 That Translation was not so..perfect but that it needed in many places correction. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 144. ⁋9 The accuracy..of the style was produced by the successive correction of the chief criticks of the age. 1850 F. W. Robertson Serm. 3rd Ser. vi. 80 All experience is a correction of life's delusions. 1857 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. (ed. 3) I. 367 The correction of the calendar. 1877 Blackie's Pop. Encycl. II. 565/2 In the early times of the art of printing more attention was paid..to the correction of the press. 1879 ‘G. Eliot’ Theophrastus Such xi. 203 To admit that he has made a blunder or to appear conscious of correction. b. under correction: subject to correction; a formula expressing deference to superior information, or critical authority. So †saving correction. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [adverb] > subject to correction though I say it that should notc888 under correctionc1374 under (also saving) reformation1553 with (great) submission1597 c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 1282 For myne wordes here and euery part I speke hem alle vnder correccioun Of yow. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) i. 21 It semeth me (spekynge vnder correction) that my lorde..hath enterprised a great foly. 1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 58 Savinge correctione, the former sence is good. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iii. iii. 65 Captaine Mackmorrice, I thinke, looke you, vnder your correction, there is not many of your Nation. View more context for this quotation 1669 J. Dryden Wild Gallant iii. i. 27 I do not conceive myself under correction, so inconsiderable a person. 1830 A. W. Fonblanque Eng. under Seven Admin. (1837) II. 65 It seems to me, saving correction, that this does not concern us. 1886 W. Stubbs 17 Lect. Study Hist. i. 17 I speak under correction, for I do not pretend to look at the subject as a question of psychology. 2. (with a and plural) An act or instance of emendation; concrete that which is substituted for what is wrong or faulty, esp. in a literary work; an emendation. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > textual criticism > [noun] > emendation of text correction1528 castigation?1611 reflection1648 emendation1652 amends1888 1528 S. Gardiner in N. Pocock Rec. Reformation (1870) I. li. 130 Wherein when we saw the additions, detractions, and corrections. 1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 2 The annotacions and corrections deliuered by master Thomas Speghte vppon the last editione of Chaucers Workes. 1738 T. Birch Life Milton in J. Milton Wks. I. 7 To see the first Thoughts and subsequent Corrections of so great a Poet as Milton. 1832 C. Babbage Econ. Machinery & Manuf. xx. 168 He should make the whole of his corrections in the manuscript, and should copy it out fairly. 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) III. 648 The compositor..makes the corrections in the types, by lifting out the wrong letters..and putting in right ones in their places. †3. The correcting (of a person) for faults of character or conduct; reprehension, rebuke, reproof. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > [noun] telingeOE chastiment?c1225 snapinga1300 snibbinga1300 reproving?1316 undernimminga1325 correctiona1340 threapening1340 admonishingc1350 reproofa1375 scourgingc1374 correptionc1380 repreyningc1390 reprehensiona1413 undertakingc1430 rebuke?a1439 admonition1440 correptingc1449 rebut?c1450 reprehendingc1450 redargution1483 reproval1493 increpation1502 prisec1540 tasking1543 check1588 improof1590 snubbing1600 threap1636 compellation1656 reprovement1675 reprimanding1698 rowing1812 lecturing1861 carpeting1888 eldering1912 woodshedding1940 stick1956 a1340 R. Rolle Psalter ix. 24 Grete ire is of god when coreccioun is away & flaterynge comes. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Titus iii. 10 Schonye thou a man heretyk, aftir oon and the secunde coreccioun, or correpcioun, or reprouyng. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Hosea v. 9 In the day of correctioun [a1425 L.V. amendyng; L. correptionis]. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 40 Feruent in the correction of other mennes vices. 1611 Bible (King James) 2 Tim. iii. 16 All Scripture..is profitable for doctrine, for reproofe, for correction . View more context for this quotation 1795 W. Paley View Evidences Christianity (ed. 3) II. ii. ii. 34 His repeated correction of the ambition of his disciples. 1814 I. D'Israeli Quarrels Auth. II. 149 Wotton, in a dignified reproof, administered a spirited correction to the party-spirit. 4. a. The correcting (of a person) by disciplinary punishment; chastisement, sometimes spec. with a view to amendment; but frequently in later use (now somewhat archaic) of corporal punishment, flogging. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > [noun] > corrective chastiment?c1225 yard?c1225 chastisement1303 chastising1303 disciplinec1350 correctionc1386 castigationc1397 chastementc1425 nurturing1460 disciplining1532 chastice1594 disciplining1645 schooling1703 tickle-toby1830 nurture1911 society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > [noun] > beating swingingc1200 beating?c1225 chastising1303 correctionc1386 lashingc1400 scouring1426 Moses' law1482 jerking1552 whipping1566 yarking1573 feaking1600 correct1606 tawing1620 lacing1622 castigation1640 basking1642 verberation1661 strappado1668 the lash1694 flogging1758 whopping1812 quilting1822 blistering1842 whaling1852 nailing1895 c1386 G. Chaucer Friar's Tale 22 Thanne hadde he thurgh his Iurisdiccion Power to doon on hem correccion. c1400 Three Kings Cologne xxxiii. (1886) 123 [They] myȝt not reuoke þe pepil from her eresyes by no spirituel correccioun ne temporel correccioun. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. ii. f. vi In the lawe of Moyses ther was almost no correccion for notable and great crimes, but deth. 1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia ii. 38 Their ordinary correction is to beate them with cudgels. 1662 Bk. Com. Prayer, Visit. Sick Sanctify..this thy fatherly correction to him. 1780 J. Comyns Digest Laws Eng. V. 588 Other Instruments of Punishment or Correction are..The Pillory and Stocks. 1781 S. Johnson Blackmore in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets V. 17 Correction seldom effects more than the suppression of faults. 1836 Sir J. Elley in Ho. Com. 26 Feb. Corporal punishment—a mode of correction we all deplore. 1844 W. M. Thackeray Barry Lyndon ii. ii, in Fraser's Mag Nov. 592/2 I..administered such a correction across the young caitiff's head and shoulders with my horsewhip. †b. An exercise of correcting discipline. c. Correcting control. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1465 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 297 Desyryng hys lordshyp that..a correccyon myȝt be hadde, in as moch as he was.. hys ordynare, and..he was a prest and vndere hys correccyon. d. house of correction n. a building for the confinement and punishment of offenders, esp. with a view to their reformation; a bridewell. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prison > [noun] > reformatory prison workhouse?c1475 house of correction1575 bridewell1583 work-jail1619 correction-housec1625 rasp house1651 bettering house1735 bettering mansion1740 penitentiary house1779 penitentiary1807 work farm1835 farm1857 pen1881 prison-industrial complex1965 1575–6 Act 18 Eliz. c. 3 §5 In everye Countye..one Two or more Abyding Howses..shalbe provided, and called the Howse or Howses of Correction for setting on worcke and punishinge..of suche as..shalbee taken as Roges. 1611 in Quarter Sessions Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1884) I. 225 Ordered That a House of Correction be erected in the Towne of Richmond for the whole North Riding and Richmond Towne. 1670 A. Marvell Let. 8 Dec. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 120 The Bill for Conventicles..orders that who can not pay his 5^s..shall worke it out in the house of correction. 1766 J. Entick Surv. London in New Hist. London IV. 386 A bridewell or house of correction. 1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist I. xiii. 208 A miserable shoeless criminal, who had been..committed..to the House of Correction for one month. 1890 Home Office Order To The Keeper of the House of Correction, at Preston, in the County of Lancaster. †5. Control, regulation, governance. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > [noun] > regulation ordinancec1384 rule1438 ordera1500 reglement1604 regulation1611 correction1657 1657 J. Howell Londinopolis 17 They have had the conservation and correction of the River of Thames. 6. The counteracting or neutralizing of the ill effect of (something hurtful or unpleasant). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > operation upon something > [noun] > neutralizing or counteracting correction1477 countervailinga1613 counteraction1791 neutralization1817 1477 T. Norton Ordinall of Alchimy vi, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Britannicum (1652) 97 Another Furnace..serving..for Correction called Ablution. 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 357 This strong medicine..ought not to be giuen inwardly vnto delicate bodies without great correction. 1747 J. Wesley Primitive Physick p. xvi There is a sufficiency of other Medicines, which need no such Correction. 7. a. Mathematics and Physics. The addition or subtraction of some quantity to or from the result of an observation or calculation, to bring it into accordance with certain standard conditions; the quantity so added or subtracted. †correction of a fluent (in Fluxions): the determination of what is now called the constant of integration; the constant itself. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > adaptation or adjustment > [noun] > in order to conform > of results of observations or calculations correction1743 1743 W. Emerson Doctr. Fluxions And finding the Fluent, z = ^sx²/ _2tt , which needs no Correction (because when z = o, x = o). 1796 C. Hutton Math. & Philos. Dict. (new ed.) I. 482 at Fluent The Fluent of a given fluxion, found as above, sometimes..wants a correction. 1839 Penny Cycl. XIII. 422/2 The correction for the thickness [of the lens], to be subtracted from F [the focal distance]. 1890 C. A. Young Elem. Astron. xiv. §492 The correction for parallax always has to be added to the observed altitude. b. Optics. The counteraction of the aberration or dispersion of the rays in a lens or other optical instrument. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > lens > [noun] > correction correction1856 1856 W. B. Carpenter Microscope i. 53 If the lenses be so adjusted that their correction is perfect for an uncovered object. 1890 C. A. Young Elem. Astron. xvi. §533 To give the most perfect possible correction of the spherical aberration as well as of the chromatic. 1890 C. A. Young Elem. Astron. xvi. §534 It is not possible with the kinds of glass hitherto available to obtain a perfect correction of color. †8. The condition of being corrected or correct (in style). Obsolete. rare. [A Gallicism.] ΚΠ 1759 S. Johnson in C. Lennox tr. P. Brumoy Greek Theatre III. 154 No poetry lasts long that is not very correct; the ballance therefore seems to incline in favour of correction... So certain is it that correction is the touch-stone of poetry. Compounds correction-house n. = house of correction n. at sense 4d. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prison > [noun] > reformatory prison workhouse?c1475 house of correction1575 bridewell1583 work-jail1619 correction-housec1625 rasp house1651 bettering house1735 bettering mansion1740 penitentiary house1779 penitentiary1807 work farm1835 farm1857 pen1881 prison-industrial complex1965 c1625 R. Harris Hezekiah's Recov. (1630) 28 There be, in the countrey..correction-houses to be builded. 1630 in F. M. Eden State of Poor (1797) I. 159 That the Correction-Houses in all Counties may be made adjoining to the Common prisons and the gaoler to be made Governor of them. 1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering III. ix. 175 A..fierce attack..upon the outer gate of the correction-house. correction-proof adj. proof against correction. ΚΠ 1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. xvi. 111 A stubborn youth, correction-proof. correction-table n. a table of corrections (see 7). ΚΠ 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. ix. 67 Voyagers speak of the effects of Arctic refraction in language as exact and mathematical as their own correction tables. Draft additions 1993 correction officer n. U.S. = prison officer n. at prison n. Compounds 1a. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prisoner > [noun] > jailer jailerc1290 prisonera1325 officer?1387 claviculer1447 javeler?c1450 key turner1606 baston1607 twistkey1617 prison keeper1623 detainer1647 prison officer1649 turnkey1655 imprisoner1656 phylacist1656 cipier1671 wardsman1683 goodman1698 prison guard1722 screw1812 dungeoner1817 dubsman1839 cell-keeper1841 prison warder1854 warder1855 dubs1882 twirl1891 hack1914 correction officer1940 1940 Ann. Rep. N.Y. State Comm. Correction 1939 xiii. 141 The custodial staff consists of two Captains, three Acting Captains, and 97 Correction Officers. 1986 N.Y. Times 13 Nov. b3/1 A car driven by an off-duty correction officer slammed into the scene of an earlier, minor accident on a Queens highway. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.a1340
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