countermuren.

/ˈkaʊntəmjʊə/

Forms: Also 1500s contremeur, contermure, 1500s–1600s countremure, 1600s ( counter-mire), 1600s–1700s contramure.

Etymology: < French contre-mur (16th cent.), in Italian contrammuro and in Spanish contramuro , < contre , contra = counter- prefix 2g + mur, muro wall.

1. Military. A wall raised within or behind another wall as a reserve defence, in case of its being breached.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > defensive walls > [noun] > wall of fortified town > inner wall

countermure1524

chemise1691

1524 in State Papers Henry VIII (1849) VI. 355 Ther was diches trenchis contremeurs bulwarkes and other repares made within the wall.

1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. iv. f. 47 But they within made a countermure as highe as the olde wall.

1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures xliv. 261 Fortifying themselves with counter-mires which they opposed to the breaches..made with pieces of timber taken from the houses.

1836 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece III. xx. 146 The main hope of the Peloponnesians..was completely defeated by the countermure.

a. An outer wall for additional defence.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > defensive walls > [noun] > wall of fortified town > outer wall

countermurea1552

avant-mure1611

a1552 J. Leland De Rebus Brit. Collectanea (1715) III. 145 Promurale, a countermure.

a1597 R. Wrag in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1599) II. i. 308 The city hath a threefolde wall about it; the innermost very high..the third a countermure.

1703 R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser 117 Contramure..an Out-wall, built about the Wall of a City.

1755 in S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang.

1813 J. Hogg Queen's Wake iii. xvii. 306 With countermure guarded by sea and by land.

†b. Applied to a breakwater. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > structures protecting from water or flooding > [noun] > breakwater

countermure1610

breaker1661

water-breakera1689

breakwater1769

floating harbour1841

water break1875

crib-breakwater1879

wave screen1883

stockade1891

Stabit1962

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 755 The Iland Walney as a fore fence or countre-mure lying a long by it.

1644 H. Slingsby Diary (1836) 126 Wawne Iseland w^ch is a narrow screed of land lying before Fourness and serving for a countermure to hold off y^e violence of y^e sea.

1645 H. Slingsby Diary (1836) 164 Cross piles..fasten'd to y^e whole work..as a countermure to receive y^e force of y^e water.

3. A mound or wall raised outside the walls of a fortress by the besiegers to assist their operations.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > attack > action or state of siege or blockade > [noun] > mine(s) > part of

countermure1553

terrace1579

chamber1638

well1702

trench cavalier1798

shaft1834

1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Biij They rowled before them a bulwarke or countremure of earth, in maner as bigge as a mountayne, which..they moued neare vnto the trenche or ditche of the castell..& battered the walles & towres thereof very sore.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. x. ix. 357 It was impregnable, either by assault, or countermures & skonces.

1627 T. May tr. Lucan Pharsalia (new ed.) i. Annot. Insomuch that Cæsar to besiedge the conquered, made a countermure of dead carkasses.

4. figurative (cf. bulwark n. 2, rampart n. 1b.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence

hornc825

shieldc1200

warranta1272

bergha1325

armour1340

hedge1340

defencec1350

bucklerc1380

protectiona1382

safety1399

targea1400

suretyc1405

wall1412

pavise?a1439

fencec1440

safeguard?c1500

pale?a1525

waretack1542

muniment1546

shrouda1561

bulwark1577

countermure1581

ward1582

prevention1584

armourya1586

fortificationa1586

securitya1586

penthouse1589

palladium1600

guard1609

subtectacle1609

tutament1609

umbrella1609

bastion1615

screena1616

amulet1621

alexikakon1635

breastwork1643

security1643

protectionary1653

sepiment1660

back1680

shadower1691

aegis1760

inoculation1761

buoya1770

propugnaculum1773

panoply1789

armament1793

fascine1793

protective1827

beaver1838

face shield1842

vaccine1861

zariba1885

wolf-platform1906

firebreak1959

1581 Apol. or Def. Prince William sig. F2 A countermure against their pride & rashnes.

1604 Supplic. Certaine Masse-priests 1 Either kingdom being such a fortres and countermure to other.

1661 Wither title A Triple Paradox affixed to a Countermure raised against the Furious Batteries of Restraint, Slander, and Poverty.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

countermurev.

/ˌkaʊntəˈmjʊə/

Etymology: < French contre-murer, Italian contramurare (16th cent.), < countermure n.: see countermure n.

a. transitive. To fortify or defend with a countermure.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > defensive walls > wall [verb (transitive)] > fortify with outer wall

counterminec1592

countermure1592

immantle1601

avant-mure1611

1592 T. Kyd Spanish Trag. iii. sig. F4 Where countermurde with walles of diamond, I finde the place impregnable.

1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 189 A running trench..countermur'd with a thick wall of stone.

b. intransitive. To raise a countermure.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > throw up fortifications [verb (intransitive)] > raise works against that of enemy

countermure?1623

?1623 O. Felltham Resolues v. 17 The falling of a house is more perillous, than the rising of a floud:..[in] the latter..; there being time, either to auoyd the place, or to countermure.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2020).

单词	countermure
释义	countermuren. /ˈkaʊntəmjʊə/ Forms: Also 1500s contremeur, contermure, 1500s–1600s countremure, 1600s ( counter-mire), 1600s–1700s contramure. Etymology: < French contre-mur (16th cent.), in Italian contrammuro and in Spanish contramuro , < contre , contra = counter- prefix 2g + mur, muro wall. 1. Military. A wall raised within or behind another wall as a reserve defence, in case of its being breached. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > defensive walls > [noun] > wall of fortified town > inner wall countermure1524 chemise1691 1524 in State Papers Henry VIII (1849) VI. 355 Ther was diches trenchis contremeurs bulwarkes and other repares made within the wall. 1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. iv. f. 47 But they within made a countermure as highe as the olde wall. 1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures xliv. 261 Fortifying themselves with counter-mires which they opposed to the breaches..made with pieces of timber taken from the houses. 1836 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece III. xx. 146 The main hope of the Peloponnesians..was completely defeated by the countermure. 2. a. An outer wall for additional defence. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > defensive walls > [noun] > wall of fortified town > outer wall countermurea1552 avant-mure1611 a1552 J. Leland De Rebus Brit. Collectanea (1715) III. 145 Promurale, a countermure. a1597 R. Wrag in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1599) II. i. 308 The city hath a threefolde wall about it; the innermost very high..the third a countermure. 1703 R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser 117 Contramure..an Out-wall, built about the Wall of a City. 1755 in S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. 1813 J. Hogg Queen's Wake iii. xvii. 306 With countermure guarded by sea and by land. †b. Applied to a breakwater. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > structures protecting from water or flooding > [noun] > breakwater countermure1610 breaker1661 water-breakera1689 breakwater1769 floating harbour1841 water break1875 crib-breakwater1879 wave screen1883 stockade1891 Stabit1962 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 755 The Iland Walney as a fore fence or countre-mure lying a long by it. 1644 H. Slingsby Diary (1836) 126 Wawne Iseland w^ch is a narrow screed of land lying before Fourness and serving for a countermure to hold off y^e violence of y^e sea. 1645 H. Slingsby Diary (1836) 164 Cross piles..fasten'd to y^e whole work..as a countermure to receive y^e force of y^e water. 3. A mound or wall raised outside the walls of a fortress by the besiegers to assist their operations. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > action or state of siege or blockade > [noun] > mine(s) > part of countermure1553 terrace1579 chamber1638 well1702 trench cavalier1798 shaft1834 1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Biij They rowled before them a bulwarke or countremure of earth, in maner as bigge as a mountayne, which..they moued neare vnto the trenche or ditche of the castell..& battered the walles & towres thereof very sore. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. x. ix. 357 It was impregnable, either by assault, or countermures & skonces. 1627 T. May tr. Lucan Pharsalia (new ed.) i. Annot. Insomuch that Cæsar to besiedge the conquered, made a countermure of dead carkasses. 4. figurative (cf. bulwark n. 2, rampart n. 1b.) ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence hornc825 shieldc1200 warranta1272 bergha1325 armour1340 hedge1340 defencec1350 bucklerc1380 protectiona1382 safety1399 targea1400 suretyc1405 wall1412 pavise?a1439 fencec1440 safeguard?c1500 pale?a1525 waretack1542 muniment1546 shrouda1561 bulwark1577 countermure1581 ward1582 prevention1584 armourya1586 fortificationa1586 securitya1586 penthouse1589 palladium1600 guard1609 subtectacle1609 tutament1609 umbrella1609 bastion1615 screena1616 amulet1621 alexikakon1635 breastwork1643 security1643 protectionary1653 sepiment1660 back1680 shadower1691 aegis1760 inoculation1761 buoya1770 propugnaculum1773 panoply1789 armament1793 fascine1793 protective1827 beaver1838 face shield1842 vaccine1861 zariba1885 wolf-platform1906 firebreak1959 1581 Apol. or Def. Prince William sig. F2 A countermure against their pride & rashnes. 1604 Supplic. Certaine Masse-priests 1 Either kingdom being such a fortres and countermure to other. 1661 Wither title A Triple Paradox affixed to a Countermure raised against the Furious Batteries of Restraint, Slander, and Poverty. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2021). countermurev. /ˌkaʊntəˈmjʊə/ Etymology: < French contre-murer, Italian contramurare (16th cent.), < countermure n.: see countermure n. a. transitive. To fortify or defend with a countermure. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > defensive walls > wall [verb (transitive)] > fortify with outer wall counterminec1592 countermure1592 immantle1601 avant-mure1611 1592 T. Kyd Spanish Trag. iii. sig. F4 Where countermurde with walles of diamond, I finde the place impregnable. 1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 189 A running trench..countermur'd with a thick wall of stone. b. intransitive. To raise a countermure. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > throw up fortifications [verb (intransitive)] > raise works against that of enemy countermure?1623 ?1623 O. Felltham Resolues v. 17 The falling of a house is more perillous, than the rising of a floud:..[in] the latter..; there being time, either to auoyd the place, or to countermure. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2020). < n.1524v.1592
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