Coulombn.

Brit.

/ˈkuːləʊm/,

/ˈkuːlɒm/,

/kuːˈlɒm/, U.S.

/ˈkuˌlɑm/,

/ˈkuˌloʊm/

Forms: In main sense also coulomb

Etymology: < the name of the French physicist, C. A. de Coulomb (1736–1806), who first invented the method of measuring the quantity of electricity.

The designation adopted by the Paris Electric Congress in 1881, for the unit of electrical quantity; the quantity of electricity conveyed in one second by a current of one ampère. (For this unit the name Weber had been previously introduced into partial use.) Also known as international coulomb when defined in terms of the international ampere; in 1948 this was replaced by the absolute coulomb, defined in terms of the absolute ampere and now incorporated in the International System of Units.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric charge, electricity > [noun] > unit of measurement

Coulomb1881

macro-farad1904

1881 Nature 29 Sept. 512/2 The name Coulomb to be given to the quantity of electricity defined by the condition that an ampère gives one coulomb per second.

1892 Lightning 3 Mar. (Spec. Suppl.) Gloss. Electrical Terms s.v. The Coulomb is the quantity of electricity, which, when passed through a solution of nitrate of silver, deposits ·001118 of a gramme of silver on the plate by which it leaves the liquid.

1893 Trans. Amer. Inst. Electr. Engineers 10 469 As the Unit of Quantity, the International Coulomb, which is the quantity of electricity transferred by a current of one international ampere in one second.

1911 Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 742/2 The International Coulomb..is the quantity of electricity transferred by a current of one international ampere in one second.

1938 Hackh's Chem. Dict. (ed. 2) 256/1 Coulomb..international ∼. 1 Int. coul. = 0·9999 absolute coul.

1959 Chambers's Encycl. XIV. 188/1 The common practice is to introduce the absolute coulomb as the fourth fundamental unit [of absolute practical units].

1963 H. G. Jerrard & D. B. McNeill Dict. Sci. Units 35 1 international coulomb = 0·99985 absolute coulomb.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations.

Coulomb barrier n. a repulsive electrostatic force constituted by the Coulomb field of a nucleus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > [noun] > repulsive force

Coulomb barrier1949

1949 G. Friedlander & J. W. Kennedy Introd. Radiochem. iii. 72 Charged particles which have to overcome Coulomb barriers.

1958 W. K. Mansfield Elem. Nucl. Physics ii. 14 Protons, because they are charged, have an electrostatic (coulomb) barrier to overcome before they can escape from the nucleus.

Coulomb energy n. the energy of a charged particle due to the electrostatic field of other charged particles, esp. when it constitutes part of its binding energy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > apparatus for detecting charged particles > [noun] > energy of charged particle

Coulomb energy1940

1940 S. Glasstone Text-bk. Physical Chem. i. 101 Q is called the Coulomb energy, due to the electrostatic attractions and repulsions between electrons and protons.

Coulomb field n. an electrostatic field that obeys the inverse-square law.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > apparatus for detecting charged particles > [noun] > field obeying inverse-square law

Coulomb field1937

1937 J. W. T. Spinks tr. G. Herzberg Atomic Spectra i. 46 A point charge in a pure Coulomb field of force.

1970 Physics Bull. Apr. 149/2 In the atom the motion of the electrons is dominated by the Coulomb field of the nucleus.

Coulomb force n. the electrostatic force of attraction or repulsion exerted by one charged particle upon another.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > apparatus for detecting charged particles > [noun] > force of attraction or repulsion

Coulomb force1930

1930 Engineering 9 May 595/3 The electrons and ions reacted on one another with the usual Coulomb forces.

Coulomb interaction n. an interaction between two particles because of the electric charge that each has.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > apparatus for detecting charged particles > [noun] > interaction of charged particles

Coulomb interaction1936

1936 W. Heitler Quantum Theory Radiation iii. 98 For the collision of an electron with a nucleus of charge Z, the Coulomb interaction is proportional to e²Z.

1970 G. K. Woodgate Elem. Atomic Struct. ii. 9 This Coulomb interaction is of a special form with respect to its radial dependence (V(r) ∝ r^−k where k = 1).

Coulomb law n. (also Coulomb's law) either of two laws in electrostatics: (a) (see quot. 1908); (b) a law that like charges repel, and opposite charges attract each other, the force varying inversely as the squares of the distances between them, and proportionally to the product of the magnitudes of the charges.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > [noun] > static electricity > laws

Coulomb law1854

1854 W. Thomson in London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 8 48 Coulomb's law.

1908 J. H. Jeans Math. Theory Electr. & Magn. ii. 45 Coulomb's Law. If R is the outward intensity [of the electric field] at a point just outside a conductor, then R = 4πσ, where σ is the surface density of electrification on the conductor.

1938 L. B. Loeb Atomic Struct. i. 30 There thus seems to be a general limit at which the Coulomb law fails.

Coulomb repulsion n. the repulsion between charges occasioned by Coulomb forces.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > apparatus for detecting charged particles > [noun] > force of attraction or repulsion > repulsion

Coulomb repulsion1947

1947 M. D. Kamen Radioactive Tracers in Biol. i. 7 This attractive force far outweighs the Coulomb repulsion.

Coulomb scattering n. (see quot.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > [noun] > repulsive force > scattering by

Coulomb scattering1955

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > action of dispersing particles > [noun] > scattering by nucleus field

Coulomb scattering1955

1955 Gloss. Terms Radiol. (B.S.I.) 16 Coulomb scattering, the scattering of a particle by the coulomb field of a nucleus.

coulomb-volt n. = joule n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical power, electricity > [noun] > joule

joule1882

coulomb-volt1893

watt-second1893

wattsec1962

1893 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. I. Coulomb-volt.

1963 B. Fozard Instrumentation Nucl. Reactors i. 5 The electron volt (eV)..is related to the coulomb-volt or joule or watt-second by the factor 1·602 × 10¹⁹ given above.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	coulomb
释义	Coulombn. Brit. /ˈkuːləʊm/, /ˈkuːlɒm/, /kuːˈlɒm/, U.S. /ˈkuˌlɑm/, /ˈkuˌloʊm/ Forms: In main sense also coulomb Etymology: < the name of the French physicist, C. A. de Coulomb (1736–1806), who first invented the method of measuring the quantity of electricity. The designation adopted by the Paris Electric Congress in 1881, for the unit of electrical quantity; the quantity of electricity conveyed in one second by a current of one ampère. (For this unit the name Weber had been previously introduced into partial use.) Also known as international coulomb when defined in terms of the international ampere; in 1948 this was replaced by the absolute coulomb, defined in terms of the absolute ampere and now incorporated in the International System of Units. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric charge, electricity > [noun] > unit of measurement Coulomb1881 macro-farad1904 1881 Nature 29 Sept. 512/2 The name Coulomb to be given to the quantity of electricity defined by the condition that an ampère gives one coulomb per second. 1892 Lightning 3 Mar. (Spec. Suppl.) Gloss. Electrical Terms s.v. The Coulomb is the quantity of electricity, which, when passed through a solution of nitrate of silver, deposits ·001118 of a gramme of silver on the plate by which it leaves the liquid. 1893 Trans. Amer. Inst. Electr. Engineers 10 469 As the Unit of Quantity, the International Coulomb, which is the quantity of electricity transferred by a current of one international ampere in one second. 1911 Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 742/2 The International Coulomb..is the quantity of electricity transferred by a current of one international ampere in one second. 1938 Hackh's Chem. Dict. (ed. 2) 256/1 Coulomb..international ∼. 1 Int. coul. = 0·9999 absolute coul. 1959 Chambers's Encycl. XIV. 188/1 The common practice is to introduce the absolute coulomb as the fourth fundamental unit [of absolute practical units]. 1963 H. G. Jerrard & D. B. McNeill Dict. Sci. Units 35 1 international coulomb = 0·99985 absolute coulomb. Compounds attributive and in other combinations. Coulomb barrier n. a repulsive electrostatic force constituted by the Coulomb field of a nucleus. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > [noun] > repulsive force Coulomb barrier1949 1949 G. Friedlander & J. W. Kennedy Introd. Radiochem. iii. 72 Charged particles which have to overcome Coulomb barriers. 1958 W. K. Mansfield Elem. Nucl. Physics ii. 14 Protons, because they are charged, have an electrostatic (coulomb) barrier to overcome before they can escape from the nucleus. Coulomb energy n. the energy of a charged particle due to the electrostatic field of other charged particles, esp. when it constitutes part of its binding energy. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > apparatus for detecting charged particles > [noun] > energy of charged particle Coulomb energy1940 1940 S. Glasstone Text-bk. Physical Chem. i. 101 Q is called the Coulomb energy, due to the electrostatic attractions and repulsions between electrons and protons. Coulomb field n. an electrostatic field that obeys the inverse-square law. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > apparatus for detecting charged particles > [noun] > field obeying inverse-square law Coulomb field1937 1937 J. W. T. Spinks tr. G. Herzberg Atomic Spectra i. 46 A point charge in a pure Coulomb field of force. 1970 Physics Bull. Apr. 149/2 In the atom the motion of the electrons is dominated by the Coulomb field of the nucleus. Coulomb force n. the electrostatic force of attraction or repulsion exerted by one charged particle upon another. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > apparatus for detecting charged particles > [noun] > force of attraction or repulsion Coulomb force1930 1930 Engineering 9 May 595/3 The electrons and ions reacted on one another with the usual Coulomb forces. Coulomb interaction n. an interaction between two particles because of the electric charge that each has. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > apparatus for detecting charged particles > [noun] > interaction of charged particles Coulomb interaction1936 1936 W. Heitler Quantum Theory Radiation iii. 98 For the collision of an electron with a nucleus of charge Z, the Coulomb interaction is proportional to e²Z. 1970 G. K. Woodgate Elem. Atomic Struct. ii. 9 This Coulomb interaction is of a special form with respect to its radial dependence (V(r) ∝ r^−k where k = 1). Coulomb law n. (also Coulomb's law) either of two laws in electrostatics: (a) (see quot. 1908); (b) a law that like charges repel, and opposite charges attract each other, the force varying inversely as the squares of the distances between them, and proportionally to the product of the magnitudes of the charges. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > [noun] > static electricity > laws Coulomb law1854 1854 W. Thomson in London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 8 48 Coulomb's law. 1908 J. H. Jeans Math. Theory Electr. & Magn. ii. 45 Coulomb's Law. If R is the outward intensity [of the electric field] at a point just outside a conductor, then R = 4πσ, where σ is the surface density of electrification on the conductor. 1938 L. B. Loeb Atomic Struct. i. 30 There thus seems to be a general limit at which the Coulomb law fails. Coulomb repulsion n. the repulsion between charges occasioned by Coulomb forces. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > apparatus for detecting charged particles > [noun] > force of attraction or repulsion > repulsion Coulomb repulsion1947 1947 M. D. Kamen Radioactive Tracers in Biol. i. 7 This attractive force far outweighs the Coulomb repulsion. Coulomb scattering n. (see quot.). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > [noun] > repulsive force > scattering by Coulomb scattering1955 the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > action of dispersing particles > [noun] > scattering by nucleus field Coulomb scattering1955 1955 Gloss. Terms Radiol. (B.S.I.) 16 Coulomb scattering, the scattering of a particle by the coulomb field of a nucleus. coulomb-volt n. = joule n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical power, electricity > [noun] > joule joule1882 coulomb-volt1893 watt-second1893 wattsec1962 1893 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. I. Coulomb-volt. 1963 B. Fozard Instrumentation Nucl. Reactors i. 5 The electron volt (eV)..is related to the coulomb-volt or joule or watt-second by the factor 1·602 × 10¹⁹ given above. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.1854
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