controvertv.

Brit.

/ˌkɒntrəˈvəːt/,

/ˈkɒntrəvəːt/, U.S.

/ˌkɑntrəˈvərt/

Forms: 1500s–1600s controuert, 1500s– controvert, 1600s contrauert, 1600s–1700s 1900s– contravert.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin controvertere, contravertere.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin controvertere (in logic) to invert (6th cent. in Boethius), to argue, dispute (a1551; from 1554 in British sources; also as contravertere), to oppose (a1535 as contravertere) < classical Latin contrō against (see controversed adj.) + vertere vert v.¹, after classical Latin contrōversus (see controversed adj.). Compare earlier controverse v.Pronunciation. The main stress of this verb and of its derivatives varies between the first and the third syllable both in British and in U.S. usage. With the latter stress position, compare advert v., animadvert v., contradict v., contravene v., etc. N.E.D. (1893) gives first-syllable stress as the more common variant, as do all editions of D. Jones Eng. Pronouncing Dict. up to the revised 14th edition (1989); ed. 15 (1997) gives third-syllable stress first, followed by first-syllable stress, and so does J. C. Wells Longman Pronunc. Dict. (1990). In U.S. usage, stress on the first syllable predominates (compare the etymological note at controversy n.).

1. To make (a matter) the subject of controversy or verbal contention; to discuss, debate, argue about.

a. transitive. With simple object. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > controversy, dispute, argument > argue about, dispute [verb (transitive)] > make subject of argument

controvert1563

controverse1567

controversy1593

1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 70 Quhare thai tueche incidentlie ony mater of religioun now controuertit.

1590 J. Penry Briefe Discov. Vntruthes 45 If there arise anie difficultie..of that which is agreable vnto the law of God, in matters that are controverted, then indeed it is the Ministers dutie to enforme the Magistrate of the mind of the Lord.

1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. xiii. 184 A Theame of som matter, which may be controuerted.

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. iii. iii. 263 Why melancholy men are witty..is a Probleme much controverted.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones VI. xvii. iii. 103 A Point which was controverted between Mr. Thwackum and Mr. Square.

1761 New & Gen. Biogr. Dict. III. 189 Their conversation soon turned upon the points controverted between the two churches.

1841 I. D'Israeli Amenities Lit. III. 181 He would controvert the matter with eminent divines.

1976 R. K. Narayan Painter of Signs i. 5 The lawyer, born to controvert all statements, said, ‘What more logic do you want than that I'm praying for it?’

b. transitive. With clause as object (now rare), or (in passive) with anticipatory it as subject and clause as complement.

ΚΠ

1607 R. C. tr. H. Estienne World of Wonders i. xxii. 187 As for Theologicall wine, I am not ignorant that it is greatly controuerted [Fr. il y a vne grande question] whether it should be called Vinum Theologale, or vinum Theologalis.

1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth ii. 254 The fathers..disputed and controverted, whether paradise was corporeal, or intellectual only.

1744 J. Harris Three Treat. iii. i. 126 Whether..all this deserves the Name of Good or not, I do not controvert.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Administrative 'Tis contraverted whether the power given to Augustus were only administrative, or proper and immediate.

1844 N. Hill Rep. Supreme Court N.-Y. 5 110 The judge told the defendant's counsel that if he saw fit to controvert whether Pratt and Taylor were in copartnership..he would leave these questions to the jury.

1915 A. P. Mathews Physiol. Chem. xvii. 708 It is at present controverted whether the acetoacetic acid present will account for the whole of the so-called creatine or not.

2000 Relig. Stud. 36 383 It is historically controverted whether the Akedah influenced the development of Christian theology.

2. intransitive. To engage in controversy; to contend, dispute, argue (with a person).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > controversy, dispute, argument > contend, dispute, argue [verb (intransitive)]

flitec900

witherc1000

disputea1225

pleadc1275

strive1320

arguec1374

tolyc1440

toilc1450

wrestlec1450

altercate1530

disagree1534

dissent1538

contend1539

controvert1563

wrangle?1570

contestate?1572

to fend and prove?1578

contest1603

vie1604

controverse1605

discept1639

ergot1653

digladiatea1656

misprove1662

spar1698

argufy1804

spat1809

to cross swords1816

argle1823

to bandy words1828

polemize1828

controversialize1841

caffle1851

polemicize1881

ergotize1883

argy-bargy1887

cag1919

snack1956

1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 60 Sen we controvertit nocht with our aduersaris for trim talk, bot for the trying of the trewth.

1607 in J. R. N. Macphail Highland Papers (1920) III. 104 In that poynt of the..dewytie whereupoun we and he contrauertit.

1641 R. Baillie Parallel Compar. Liturgie with Masse-bk. 48 They do controvert among themselves about the words.

1683 Curtis in Memory J. Story Revived 32 Thou didst not much controvert with him.

1851 J. H. Newman Lect. Present Position Catholics Eng. 304 He would not controvert with me at all, unless I subscribed to a doctrine which I believe to be..an absurd error.

1920 Century Oct. 790/1 I heard him speak with courtesy to his disciples in the gardens and controvert with gentleness.

2008 D. Wills Dorsality vii. 213 No one controverts more unfailingly [than Nietzsche].

a. transitive. To contend against or oppose (an idea or position) in argument; to deny, refute, or contradict (a claim or assertion).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > speaking against or contradiction > speak against or contradict [verb (transitive)]

withsake971

withsayc1175

forbidc1275

withtellec1275

counterplead1377

again-saya1382

withsaya1382

contrary1382

countersay1393

withstand1513

transverse1532

cross1589

contradict1596

controvert1596

respire1629

scruple1639

contravene1722

oppugn1781

countervene1825

to stand down1869

1596 T. Morton Treat. Threefolde State of Man ii. v. 295 This definition needeth some explication and proofe, it being greatly controuerted and oppugned by many.

1614 in T. Overbury et al. Wife now Widdow Newes to Uniuersitie sig. G3^v Where one truth is granted, it may be..brought to confirme any other controverted.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica vii. iv. 346 The existence hereof men do not controvert .

1730 G. Odingsells Bays's Opera Pref. sig. A2^v One Reflection has been started which I am most concern'd to controvert.

1788 J. Priestley Lect. Hist. v. xxxvi. 265 The Aristotelian philosophy..which no person had the courage to controvert before Descartes.

1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) IV. 316 This doctrine has been controverted; it is, however, very ably defended by Mr. Hargrave.

1830 S. R. Maitland Twelve Hundred & Sixty Days 23 The statement which you have attempted to controvert.

1880 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times IV. liii. 127 A fact which cannot be controverted.

1936 A. J. Ayer Lang., Truth & Logic (1971) viii. 177 The thesis which is maintained by one school and controverted by another is partly logical, partly metaphysical, and partly empirical.

1974 ‘M. Innes’ Appleby's Other Story xiii. 108 If you ask me whether..I possess a single fact that contraverts that little theory, I have to confess that I do not.

1996 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 17 June 16/6 Cardinal O'Connor of New York saw fit very publicly..to controvert Archbishop Weakland's ideas.

b. transitive. To oppose or argue against (a person); to deny, refute, or contradict the claim or assertion of (a person).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)]

withgo743

to go again ——OE

withsayc1175

again-goc1275

withsitc1300

thwarta1325

to go against ——a1382

counter1382

repugnc1384

adversea1393

craba1400

gainsaya1400

movec1400

overthwart?a1425

to put (also set) one's face againsta1425

traversea1425

contrairc1425

to take again ——c1425

contraryc1430

to take against ——a1450

opposec1485

again-seta1500

gain?a1500

oppone1500

transverse1532

to come up against1535

heave at1546

to be against1549

encounter1549

to set shoulder against1551

to fly in the face of1553

crossc1555

to cross with1590

countermand1592

forstand1599

opposit1600

thorter1608

obviate1609

disputea1616

obstrigillate1623

contradict1632

avert1635

to set one's hand against1635

top1641

militate1642

to come across ——1653

contrariate1656

to cross upon (or on)1661

shock1667

clash1685

rencounter1689

obtend1697

counteract1708

oppugnate1749

retroact?1761

controvert1782

react1795

to set against ——1859

appose-

1782 Gazetteer & New Daily Advertiser 23 Feb. His accuser Reed was brought forward to controvert him, which he did pretty nearly in the same words of his former examination before the House.

1812 Parl. Deb. 1st Ser. 21 472 He challenged the noble and learned lord on the woolsack to controvert him, when he said that the apprehension of such persons under this act was illegal.

1816 W. Scott Old Mortality xiv, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. III. 300 Thou wilt join thy grey hairs to his green youth to controvert me in this matter?

1866 Christian World Mag. Apr. 304/2 His congregation must sit to hear him, and have no opportunity of controverting him.

1908 Westm. Rev. Aug. 165 An eminent speaker states his side of the case one day. Another eminent speaker controverts him the next.

2009 J. McMahan Killing in War iii. 108 They would..claim the legal prerogatives accorded to just combatants and the law would lack the resources to controvert them.

†4. transitive. To subject to a legal or formal challenge; to dispute or contest (a right, possession, election, etc.). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > controversy, dispute, argument > argue about, dispute [verb (transitive)]

traverse?1504

arguea1513

to stand in terms?a1562

to stand with ——1579

argle1589

bandy1589

balk1590

ventilate1607

controvert1609

sticklea1661

chop1685

militate1754

society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > carry on (a contest, fight, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > contest (an object)

controvert1609

contend1697

struggle1769

1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem iii. xxxii. f. 60 He may..alledge that na recognition sould be taken, anent the lands contraverted.

1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. iii. 31 Whether the possession..was certain and setled, or controverted and unquiet.

1682 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Rights Princes (new ed.) v. 188 Yet the Rights of Guardianship..were never controverted.

1704 The Address 1/1 You meet in Clubs, and strong Cabals, To controvert Elections.

1774 E. Long Hist. Jamaica II. ii. viii. 170 The law..expressly makes White River the South-East boundary; and, this limitation having been ratified by clear recitals in several subsequent laws, there appears no authentic ground at present for controverting it.

1842 H. Smythe Law of Landlord & Tenant in Ireland ii. xiii. 915 The tenant is concluded by the judgment, and cannot controvert the title.

1914 Atlantic Reporter 90 43/2 The defendant may controvert the possession and title of the plaintiff under the general issue.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	controvert
释义	controvertv. Brit. /ˌkɒntrəˈvəːt/, /ˈkɒntrəvəːt/, U.S. /ˌkɑntrəˈvərt/ Forms: 1500s–1600s controuert, 1500s– controvert, 1600s contrauert, 1600s–1700s 1900s– contravert. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin controvertere, contravertere. Etymology: < post-classical Latin controvertere (in logic) to invert (6th cent. in Boethius), to argue, dispute (a1551; from 1554 in British sources; also as contravertere), to oppose (a1535 as contravertere) < classical Latin contrō against (see controversed adj.) + vertere vert v.¹, after classical Latin contrōversus (see controversed adj.). Compare earlier controverse v.Pronunciation. The main stress of this verb and of its derivatives varies between the first and the third syllable both in British and in U.S. usage. With the latter stress position, compare advert v., animadvert v., contradict v., contravene v., etc. N.E.D. (1893) gives first-syllable stress as the more common variant, as do all editions of D. Jones Eng. Pronouncing Dict. up to the revised 14th edition (1989); ed. 15 (1997) gives third-syllable stress first, followed by first-syllable stress, and so does J. C. Wells Longman Pronunc. Dict. (1990). In U.S. usage, stress on the first syllable predominates (compare the etymological note at controversy n.). 1. To make (a matter) the subject of controversy or verbal contention; to discuss, debate, argue about. a. transitive. With simple object. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > controversy, dispute, argument > argue about, dispute [verb (transitive)] > make subject of argument controvert1563 controverse1567 controversy1593 1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 70 Quhare thai tueche incidentlie ony mater of religioun now controuertit. 1590 J. Penry Briefe Discov. Vntruthes 45 If there arise anie difficultie..of that which is agreable vnto the law of God, in matters that are controverted, then indeed it is the Ministers dutie to enforme the Magistrate of the mind of the Lord. 1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. xiii. 184 A Theame of som matter, which may be controuerted. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. iii. iii. 263 Why melancholy men are witty..is a Probleme much controverted. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones VI. xvii. iii. 103 A Point which was controverted between Mr. Thwackum and Mr. Square. View more context for this quotation 1761 New & Gen. Biogr. Dict. III. 189 Their conversation soon turned upon the points controverted between the two churches. 1841 I. D'Israeli Amenities Lit. III. 181 He would controvert the matter with eminent divines. 1976 R. K. Narayan Painter of Signs i. 5 The lawyer, born to controvert all statements, said, ‘What more logic do you want than that I'm praying for it?’ b. transitive. With clause as object (now rare), or (in passive) with anticipatory it as subject and clause as complement. ΚΠ 1607 R. C. tr. H. Estienne World of Wonders i. xxii. 187 As for Theologicall wine, I am not ignorant that it is greatly controuerted [Fr. il y a vne grande question] whether it should be called Vinum Theologale, or vinum Theologalis. 1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth ii. 254 The fathers..disputed and controverted, whether paradise was corporeal, or intellectual only. 1744 J. Harris Three Treat. iii. i. 126 Whether..all this deserves the Name of Good or not, I do not controvert. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Administrative 'Tis contraverted whether the power given to Augustus were only administrative, or proper and immediate. 1844 N. Hill Rep. Supreme Court N.-Y. 5 110 The judge told the defendant's counsel that if he saw fit to controvert whether Pratt and Taylor were in copartnership..he would leave these questions to the jury. 1915 A. P. Mathews Physiol. Chem. xvii. 708 It is at present controverted whether the acetoacetic acid present will account for the whole of the so-called creatine or not. 2000 Relig. Stud. 36 383 It is historically controverted whether the Akedah influenced the development of Christian theology. 2. intransitive. To engage in controversy; to contend, dispute, argue (with a person). ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > controversy, dispute, argument > contend, dispute, argue [verb (intransitive)] flitec900 witherc1000 disputea1225 pleadc1275 strive1320 arguec1374 tolyc1440 toilc1450 wrestlec1450 altercate1530 disagree1534 dissent1538 contend1539 controvert1563 wrangle?1570 contestate?1572 to fend and prove?1578 contest1603 vie1604 controverse1605 discept1639 ergot1653 digladiatea1656 misprove1662 spar1698 argufy1804 spat1809 to cross swords1816 argle1823 to bandy words1828 polemize1828 controversialize1841 caffle1851 polemicize1881 ergotize1883 argy-bargy1887 cag1919 snack1956 1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 60 Sen we controvertit nocht with our aduersaris for trim talk, bot for the trying of the trewth. 1607 in J. R. N. Macphail Highland Papers (1920) III. 104 In that poynt of the..dewytie whereupoun we and he contrauertit. 1641 R. Baillie Parallel Compar. Liturgie with Masse-bk. 48 They do controvert among themselves about the words. 1683 Curtis in Memory J. Story Revived 32 Thou didst not much controvert with him. 1851 J. H. Newman Lect. Present Position Catholics Eng. 304 He would not controvert with me at all, unless I subscribed to a doctrine which I believe to be..an absurd error. 1920 Century Oct. 790/1 I heard him speak with courtesy to his disciples in the gardens and controvert with gentleness. 2008 D. Wills Dorsality vii. 213 No one controverts more unfailingly [than Nietzsche]. 3. a. transitive. To contend against or oppose (an idea or position) in argument; to deny, refute, or contradict (a claim or assertion). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > speaking against or contradiction > speak against or contradict [verb (transitive)] withsake971 withsayc1175 forbidc1275 withtellec1275 counterplead1377 again-saya1382 withsaya1382 contrary1382 countersay1393 withstand1513 transverse1532 cross1589 contradict1596 controvert1596 respire1629 scruple1639 contravene1722 oppugn1781 countervene1825 to stand down1869 1596 T. Morton Treat. Threefolde State of Man ii. v. 295 This definition needeth some explication and proofe, it being greatly controuerted and oppugned by many. 1614 in T. Overbury et al. Wife now Widdow Newes to Uniuersitie sig. G3^v Where one truth is granted, it may be..brought to confirme any other controverted. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica vii. iv. 346 The existence hereof men do not controvert . View more context for this quotation 1730 G. Odingsells Bays's Opera Pref. sig. A2^v One Reflection has been started which I am most concern'd to controvert. 1788 J. Priestley Lect. Hist. v. xxxvi. 265 The Aristotelian philosophy..which no person had the courage to controvert before Descartes. 1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) IV. 316 This doctrine has been controverted; it is, however, very ably defended by Mr. Hargrave. 1830 S. R. Maitland Twelve Hundred & Sixty Days 23 The statement which you have attempted to controvert. 1880 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times IV. liii. 127 A fact which cannot be controverted. 1936 A. J. Ayer Lang., Truth & Logic (1971) viii. 177 The thesis which is maintained by one school and controverted by another is partly logical, partly metaphysical, and partly empirical. 1974 ‘M. Innes’ Appleby's Other Story xiii. 108 If you ask me whether..I possess a single fact that contraverts that little theory, I have to confess that I do not. 1996 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 17 June 16/6 Cardinal O'Connor of New York saw fit very publicly..to controvert Archbishop Weakland's ideas. b. transitive. To oppose or argue against (a person); to deny, refute, or contradict the claim or assertion of (a person). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] withgo743 to go again ——OE withsayc1175 again-goc1275 withsitc1300 thwarta1325 to go against ——a1382 counter1382 repugnc1384 adversea1393 craba1400 gainsaya1400 movec1400 overthwart?a1425 to put (also set) one's face againsta1425 traversea1425 contrairc1425 to take again ——c1425 contraryc1430 to take against ——a1450 opposec1485 again-seta1500 gain?a1500 oppone1500 transverse1532 to come up against1535 heave at1546 to be against1549 encounter1549 to set shoulder against1551 to fly in the face of1553 crossc1555 to cross with1590 countermand1592 forstand1599 opposit1600 thorter1608 obviate1609 disputea1616 obstrigillate1623 contradict1632 avert1635 to set one's hand against1635 top1641 militate1642 to come across ——1653 contrariate1656 to cross upon (or on)1661 shock1667 clash1685 rencounter1689 obtend1697 counteract1708 oppugnate1749 retroact?1761 controvert1782 react1795 to set against ——1859 appose- 1782 Gazetteer & New Daily Advertiser 23 Feb. His accuser Reed was brought forward to controvert him, which he did pretty nearly in the same words of his former examination before the House. 1812 Parl. Deb. 1st Ser. 21 472 He challenged the noble and learned lord on the woolsack to controvert him, when he said that the apprehension of such persons under this act was illegal. 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality xiv, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. III. 300 Thou wilt join thy grey hairs to his green youth to controvert me in this matter? 1866 Christian World Mag. Apr. 304/2 His congregation must sit to hear him, and have no opportunity of controverting him. 1908 Westm. Rev. Aug. 165 An eminent speaker states his side of the case one day. Another eminent speaker controverts him the next. 2009 J. McMahan Killing in War iii. 108 They would..claim the legal prerogatives accorded to just combatants and the law would lack the resources to controvert them. †4. transitive. To subject to a legal or formal challenge; to dispute or contest (a right, possession, election, etc.). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > controversy, dispute, argument > argue about, dispute [verb (transitive)] traverse?1504 arguea1513 to stand in terms?a1562 to stand with ——1579 argle1589 bandy1589 balk1590 ventilate1607 controvert1609 sticklea1661 chop1685 militate1754 society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > carry on (a contest, fight, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > contest (an object) controvert1609 contend1697 struggle1769 1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem iii. xxxii. f. 60 He may..alledge that na recognition sould be taken, anent the lands contraverted. 1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. iii. 31 Whether the possession..was certain and setled, or controverted and unquiet. 1682 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Rights Princes (new ed.) v. 188 Yet the Rights of Guardianship..were never controverted. 1704 The Address 1/1 You meet in Clubs, and strong Cabals, To controvert Elections. 1774 E. Long Hist. Jamaica II. ii. viii. 170 The law..expressly makes White River the South-East boundary; and, this limitation having been ratified by clear recitals in several subsequent laws, there appears no authentic ground at present for controverting it. 1842 H. Smythe Law of Landlord & Tenant in Ireland ii. xiii. 915 The tenant is concluded by the judgment, and cannot controvert the title. 1914 Atlantic Reporter 90 43/2 The defendant may controvert the possession and title of the plaintiff under the general issue. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.1563
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