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单词 albert
释义

Albertn.1

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Albert.
Etymology: < the name of Albert VII, Archduke of Austria (1559–1621), ruler of the Spanish Netherlands 1598–1621 jointly with his wife, the Infanta Isabella; the legends on the original gold and silver coins begin Albertus et Elizabeth . With the name of the gold coin compare Dutch albertin , albertijn (1633), French albertin (1647 or earlier). With Albert dollar n. at Compounds compare German Albertustaler (late 17th cent. or earlier).
Obsolete.
A gold coin formerly current in Flanders and the Netherlands. rare.When originally issued by the Archduke Albert and the Infanta Isabella, the coin was valued at between 2.5 and 3 florins; the English quots. relate to an 18th-cent. reissue.
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society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > Dutch coins > gold
rider1367
guilder1480
ridder1489
gulden15..
Albert1740
florin1834
1740 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 108/2 Countries, their coins... Netherlands. Gold; Albert, Crown, Ducat, Ducatoon [etc.].
1760 J. Marchant New Compl. Eng. Dict. at Coin Flemish coins. Those of gold are imperials, rides or philips, alberts, and crowns.

Compounds

Albert dollar n. (also Albert's dollar) a large silver coin originally issued for the Spanish Netherlands in 1612 under the joint rule of Archduke Albert VII and his wife, and widely used in international trade and as a unit of account in Russia and the Baltic region during the 18th and 19th centuries; (sometimes also) any of a number of similar silver coins issued by other northern European princes during this period.
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1765 D. Fenning et al. New Syst. Geogr. (new ed.) II. iii. ii. 40/2 There are no other foreign pieces current in Russia than ducats, Holland rixdollars, and Albert dollars.
1800 W. Tooke Hist. Russia I. 479 In Riga nothing is received at the custom-house but Albert's dollars, which are reckoned very low at 125 kopeeks.
1852 Chambers' Edinb. Jrnl. 10 July 31/2 A large portion of the silver rubles and Albert-dollars paid in, had evidently been for many years kept entirely out of circulation.
1860 C. Knight Eng. Cycl.: Arts & Sci. V. 733 Albert's Dollar is a coin formerly known in Holland... The term is used also as a money of account at Libau and Riga.
This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2020).

Albertn.2

Brit. /ˈalbət/, U.S. /ˈælbərt/
Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Albert.
Etymology: < the name of Francis Albert Augustus Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony, subsequently Prince Consort of Queen Victoria of Great Britain and Ireland (1819–61), to whom he was married in 1840. Compare Prince Albert n.2
I. Compounds.
1. Albert boot n. now historical (usually in plural) a type of boot popularized by Prince Albert, originally and esp. one having a fabric upper and patent leather toecap.
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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > shoe or boot > boot > [noun] > made from specific material
huseau1464
russeting?1620
wax boot1676
fair-top boot1809
Albert boot1840
Albert1847
shoepack1882
finnesko1890
yeti boot1973
1840 John Bull 16 Feb. 81/2 Albert Boots.—Messrs. Llewelly and Nash, of Bristol, have recently manufactured a magnificent pair of boots for Prince Albert.
1842 Punch 3 144 Be it enacted that all such things as..cheap primrose gloves..[and] half-guinea Albert boots..be considered the distinctive marks of the class [of spurious ‘Gents’].
1843 Bentley's Misc. 14 29 He had a blue-spotted handkerchief round his neck..and new Albert boots of resplendent varnish and undeniable toes.
1900 Rept. Standard Piece Rates (Brit. Board of Trade) 187 The Manchester Hand-sewn trades shows in respect to boys' boots... Boy Wellingtons, 4's... extra Albert Boots, 4's.
1987 Texas Monthly Dec. 130 (caption) ‘Albert’ boots... Derby from the twenties antique collection... Antique cane.
2. Designating various other articles of men's clothing popularized by or associated with Prince Albert, esp. in the period a1840–70, as Albert coat, Albert hat, Albert tie, etc.In quot. 1842 used punningly.
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1842 Punch 3 141 The Caledonian Mercury says, ‘There is a prospect..of the formation of a more permanent tie with Scotland’... This must be ‘the Albert tie’, no doubt.
1845 Punch 8 99/2 What has become of the Albert Hat?.. Great curiosity is very naturally expressed that this hat..is no longer talked about.
1849 T. D. Humphreys Cutter's Guide 4 If the waist is intended to be very long as in Albert Over Coats, it will be necessary to take a measure round the hips.
1855 ‘Q. K. P. Doesticks’ Doesticks, what he Says xxxii. 289 I now discovered that he had stolen..an ‘Albert tie’ and a false collar from my neck.
1875 Gentleman's Mag. Fashion Jan. 3/2 (heading) The elegant Albert Morning coat..is a combination of the Reefer and Frock Coat styles.
1960 C. W. Cunnington et al. Dict. Eng. Costume 2 Albert collar... Albert driving-cape... Albert jacket... Albert overcoat... Albert riding coat... Albert slipper... Albert top frock.
2006 Hull Daily Mail (Nexis) 28 Oct. 10 The man himself is dressed in an Albert coat, a three-quarter length number befitting a gentleman's club.
3. Designating a type of chain originally used to attach a watch to a waistcoat, typically having a bar at one end to be drawn through a buttonhole, the watch being secured to the other end, as Albert chain, Albert watch chain, etc.
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the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > watch-guard > [noun]
watch-chain1739
watch-string1745
watch-riband1804
watch-guard1836
Albert chain1845
Albert watch chain1845
Albert1850
watch fob1866
fob-chain1885
fob1889
1845 Freeman's Jrnl. (Dublin) 17 Dec. A great variety of Ladies' and Gentlemens' Gold Chains, Cameo Brooches and Pins; Albert Chains.
1858 Cases disposed of by Sudder Foujdaree Adawlut of Bombay 10 415 A button-hole on which his ‘Albert’ watch-chain was fastened.
1861 Evening Star & Dial 30 Nov. 3/2 Gold and silver watches, Albert guard chains, and other articles of jewellery.
1871 Bazaar, Exchange & Mart 1 Nov. 500/1 Gentleman's 18-carat gold lever and new gold Albert curb chain.
1920 Exporters' Encycl. (ed. 15) 478 Rolled gold and gilt articles, viz., brooches, safety pins, albert chains and necklets.
1992 Radio Times 21 Nov. 46/2 (advt.) The classic curb weave Albert chain..is now very much in fashion as a ladies necklace and bracelet.
4. Designating a standard size of notepaper, measuring 6 by 37/ 8 inches (approx. 15.2 by 9.8 cm), as Albert note, Albert notepaper, etc. Cf. sense 9. Now rare.
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society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > paper > [noun] > paper of specific size
paper royal1497
paper rial1501
sheet1510
demy1546
imperial1572
pot1579
lily-pot1593
grape1611
cap1620
crown paper1620
post1648
foolscap1660
bastard1711
copy1712
crown1712
Kentish cap1766
vessel of paper1790
antiquarian1815
quartern1819
quatrain1819
Albert note1846
cap-paper1854
sermon paper1855
Albert1859
columbier1875
Albert notepaper1881
cuatro1904
duchess1923
half-imperial-
1846 Bristol Mercury 8 Aug. 5/3 Ladies' Papeteirie, containing..12 sheets Albert note, 12 Queen's note, 36 Envelopes [etc.].
1876 Stationer's Price & Cost Bk. 3 Albert Note..is the 8vo of Fcap., 37/ 8 by 6 inches, and it may be had at any price, according to the quality of paper from which it is cut.
1881 Liverpool Mercury 25 June 3/9 2 Quires Old-fashioned Albert Notepaper.
1902 Geneal. Mag. Feb. 432 Bluemantle uses Albert note, plain heading, and court envelopes.
5. Albert medal n. a medal named in honour of Prince Albert; spec. (with capital second initial) (a) one awarded annually since 1864 by the Royal Society of Arts in recognition of merit in the fields of arts, manufacturing, and commerce; (b) one awarded in recognition of life-saving (abbreviated AM) (now historical).The Albert Medal for life-saving was awarded from 1866 in recognition of life-saving at sea, and from 1877 in recognition of life-saving on land, either in gold or in bronze. The medal was discontinued in 1971, with living recipients invited to exchange it for the George Cross.
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the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > token of victory or supreme excellence > [noun] > award for merit > decoration > medal > specific
gold medal1694
Albert medal1850
bronze medal1852
silver medal1908
B.E.M.1941
gold1945
1850 Morning Post 20 June 3/6 For the third best ditto [sc. collection of miscellaneous plants], the gold Albert medal.
1862 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 29 Aug. 300/2 He had heard it suggested that they should institute a gold medal, to be called the Albert medal, as a reward to persons for ingenious and useful inventions connected with those matters which the Prince had so much at heart.
1866 Punch 20 Jan. 31/1 A national decoration will take the place of..less formal tokens of recognition. It will be given in Her Majesty's name, and will be in the form of a medal, under the designation of ‘The Albert Medal’.
1877 Illustr. London News 28 Apr. 387/1 Her [sc. the Queen's] intention of bestowing the Albert Medal..upon these humble men who hazarded their own lives in cutting through coal to extricate their starving comrades.
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 340/1 The Albert Medal..consisting of two classes.
1919 G. B. Shaw Heartbreak House i, in Heartbreak House, Great Catherine, & Playlets of War 23 He has a whole drawerful of Albert Medals.
1974 Times 17 May 22/5 The GCs include 41 holders of the Albert Medal for Lifesaving.
2004 Manch. Guardian Weekly (Nexis) 15 Oct. 17 Smit..has been showered with awards and honours—including a CBE and the Royal Society of Arts' Albert Medal.
6. Albert crepe n. now historical a type of thick black crepe of silk or combined silk and cotton, used esp. for mourning dress.
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from choice of fibres > [noun] > crape > types of
lampas1390
crêpe lisse1797
aerophane1829
crape-lesse1858
Albert crepe1871
romaine1904
météor1908
georgette1912
marocain1922
mossy crêpe1945
moss crêpe1955
1871 Illustr. London News 25 Mar. 303/1 (advt.) The richest quadruple crape, also the Albert crape.
1873 Young Englishwoman Oct. 490/1–2 She wore a simple alpaca dress, trimmed with three folds of crape (Albert crape).
1957 M. B. Picken Fashion Dict. 5/2 Albert crepe. Silk and cotton crepe.
2008 M. King Dying Game 107 Crape was expensive, but Courtauld was clever enough to develop a cheaper version called the ‘Albert crape’, enabling the working classes to follow the fashion.
II. Simple uses.
7.
a. Short for Albert boot n. at sense 1. Now historical.
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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > shoe or boot > boot > [noun] > made from specific material
huseau1464
russeting?1620
wax boot1676
fair-top boot1809
Albert boot1840
Albert1847
shoepack1882
finnesko1890
yeti boot1973
1847 J. S. Coyne How to settle Accts. with Laundress 6 There's a savage look in her eye that makes me shiver in my Alberts.
1847 A. Smith Nat. Hist. Gent iii. 17 The short fancy Alberts.., a species of cloth boot with a shiny leather toe; and down the front there is a close row of little mother-of-pearl shirt-buttons.
1849 A. R. Smith Pottleton Legacy 272 It was Mr. Puttick's custom when he came to give the Jewels their [dancing] lesson, to exchange his Alberts of every-day life for the pumps of society.
1948 A. Settle Eng. Fashion 41 The double-breasted waistcoat might be coloured: an Albert watch-chain of gold festooned it. The boots, also known as Alberts, were yellow.
b. Australian slang. Strips of cloth wound round the toes or feet and worn inside boots; toerags. Cf. Prince Albert n.2 1. Now rare.
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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > shoe or boot > boot > [noun] > foot or toe wrap
toe-rag1864
Albertc1892
Prince Albert1893
c1892 D. A. Stewart & N. Keesing Old Bush Songs (1957) 203 Through his boots his toes were shining and his feet looked very sore, I knew his feet were blistered from the Alberts that he wore.
1904 L. Lawston Lonely Crossing 5 Alberts you are wearing?
1950 E. Partridge Name into Word 6 He [sc. Prince Albert] would have seen the humour..of the fact that, among the poorer Australian tramps and beggars, alberts are the toe-rags worn in lieu of the socks they cannot afford.
8. = Albert chain at sense 3.
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the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > watch-guard > [noun]
watch-chain1739
watch-string1745
watch-riband1804
watch-guard1836
Albert chain1845
Albert watch chain1845
Albert1850
watch fob1866
fob-chain1885
fob1889
1850 Glasgow Herald 11 Oct. A very fine selection of Gold Alberts, of the Newest and most Fashionable Patterns.
1898 Railway Signal Aug. 159/3 With each [watch] will be enclosed a Solid Silver Albert of sterling value, which is my Free Gift to all cash purchasers.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xv. [Circe] 417 Wearing gent's sterling silver waterbury keyless watch and double curb Albert with seal attached.
1960 A. Christie Compl. Miss Marple Short Stories (2003) 283 The large picture..showing him in the acme of Victorian prosperity, leaning back in a large armchair, his hands resting on the gold albert across his capacious stomach.
1989 Antiques Trade Gaz. 4 Mar. 55/3 (advt.) Jewellery including..guard chains, alberts and bracelets.
9. = Albert note at sense 4. Now rare.
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society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > paper > [noun] > paper of specific size
paper royal1497
paper rial1501
sheet1510
demy1546
imperial1572
pot1579
lily-pot1593
grape1611
cap1620
crown paper1620
post1648
foolscap1660
bastard1711
copy1712
crown1712
Kentish cap1766
vessel of paper1790
antiquarian1815
quartern1819
quatrain1819
Albert note1846
cap-paper1854
sermon paper1855
Albert1859
columbier1875
Albert notepaper1881
cuatro1904
duchess1923
half-imperial-
1859 Stationers' Hand-bk. & Guide Paper Trade ii. 56 Albert, a fancy note paper, of any sort, 37/ 8 by 6 inches, produced from foolscap 8vo.
?1912 Printing Papers (Spalding & Hodge) ii. 18 Albert, about 37/ 8 × 6.
1937 E. J. Labarre Dict. Paper 213 (table) Albert... 6″ x 37/ 8.
1954 Paper Terminol. (Spalding & Hodge) ii. 11 Albert, a standard size of..notepaper 6 × 4 in.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

Albertn.3

Brit. /ˈalbət/, U.S. /ˈælbərt/
Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Albert.
Etymology: < the name of Eugène Albert (1816–90), Belgian woodwind instrument maker, known chiefly for his clarinets and for the system of fingering which he invented. Compare French système Albert (1868 or earlier).
attributive. Designating the system of woodwind fingering invented by Albert, or an instrument, esp. a clarinet, featuring this. Cf. Boehm n.
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society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > wind instrument > woodwind instruments > [adjective] > type of woodwind
Albert1874
Boehm1905
1874 Musical Times Oct. 631/1 (advt.) Boëhm and Albert clarinets.
1891 Musical Herald 1 Nov. 348/2 The Albert model is used by the best English players... Clarinets on the Boehm system cost at least half as much again as those on the Albert system.
1939 R. Dunbar Treat. on Clarinet 10 The Boehm system clarinet..has been given priority over the Albert system.
1962 Sunday Times 21 Oct. 40/7 No musician aspiring to make his name in contemporary jazz would waste time on the technical difficulties of the Albert or Boehm systems.
1991 E. Lax Woody Allen i. 61 An Albert system clarinet is rather unwieldy,..the horn has a bigger bore, and the fingering is more difficult to master because the spread is so much wider.
2007 J. Montagu Origins & Devel. Musical Instruments iv. 93/1 Oskar Oehler combined the German simple system with the Albert system plus his own modifications into the modern German system.
This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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