convoyn.

Brit.

/ˈkɒnvɔɪ/, U.S.

/ˈkɑnˌvɔɪ/

Forms: 1500s–1600s conuoy, 1500s–1600s conuoye, 1500s–1600s convoye, 1500s– convoy, 1600s conuoie, 1600s convoie; also Scottish pre-1700 conwoy.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly formed within English, by conversion. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: convoy v.; French convoi.

Etymology: Partly (i) < convoy v., and partly (ii) < Middle French convoi, convoy, French convoy escort (early 14th cent.; 1165–70 in Old French as conveiz ), act of conducting or guiding, person who conducts or guides (both mid 14th cent.), group of people and vehicles (especially transporting provisions and munitions) that travel together (2nd half of the 14th cent.), funeral cortège (late 15th cent.), group of military vehicles travelling under escort (1680) < convoyer convoy v.

†I. Conduct, demeanour.

1. Scottish. A person's carriage or bearing; deportment, demeanour. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > way of life > [noun] > action of conducting life in specific way

livingc1350

convoy?a1513

convey1567

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 234 Quhen I schau hir sa trimlye dance, Hir guid conwoy and contenance.

2. Scottish. Management or conduct of a matters or proceedings. Also: a plan or strategy for dealing with a particular matter. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > [noun] > conduct of affairs or dealing with

dressingc1350

handlinga1400

conduct1454

dale1469

orderinga1549

dress1559

convoy1565

management1598

politics1749

approach1905

the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > a plan

redeeOE

devicec1290

casta1300

went1303

ordinancec1385

intentc1386

imaginationa1393

drifta1535

draught1535

forecast1535

platform1547

ground-plat?a1560

table1560

convoy1565

design1565

plat1574

ground-plota1586

plot1587

reach1587

theory1593

game1595

projectment1611

projecting1616

navation1628

approach1633

plan1635

systema1648

sophism1657

manage1667

brouillon1678

speculationa1684

sketch1697

to take measures1698

method1704

scheme1704

lines1760

outline1760

measure1767

restorative1821

ground plan1834

strategy1834

programme1837

ticket1842

project1849

outline plan1850

layout1867

draft1879

dart1882

lurk1916

schema1939

lick1955

1565 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 326 The samyn pretendit mariage wes compleit and maid be the said Uchridis counsall, convoy, and ratihabitioun.

1599 A. Hume Christian Precepts in Hymnes sig. I3^v Thinke not that thou by thy industrie, convoy, or diligence, art able to accomplishe onye gude thing.

?a1600 ( R. Sempill Legend Bischop St. Androis in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlv. 355 Bot how, alace! as ye shall heir, Betrayed thame bay^t with a tryme convoy.

1606 J. Hind Eliosto Libidinoso ii. 85 The conuoy of their proceedings, was but for the obscuritie of affection, with whom beyond credit, it was most brutish, and out of measure vnreasonable.

II. An escort, and related senses.

a. A funeral cortège.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > [noun] > a funeral > funeral procession

convoy1523

funeral1560

death train1775

burial-procession1871

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccccxliii. 781 Of the buryeng of therle of Flaunders and of the comtesse his wyfe, whose bodyes were brought to an abbey besyde Lysle..ther foloweth such as were ordayned for the conuoy.

1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 408 Those of the cities, townes, and villages in their way as they past..did accompany his conuoy vnto the city of Megalipolis.

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1363 Heavie funerals and convoies of the dead.

1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 17 The conuoy of his fathers obsequies.

1769 W. Anderson Hist. France II. vi. iv. 412 Before the convoy of his funeral reached St. Denis, there remained about it, only Brantome, four other gentlemen of the bed-chamber, and the guard of archers.

1863 J. Ruskin Munera Pulveris (1880) 136 The grey convoy of chief-mourner waves.

1928 P. O'Donnell Islanders xxiii. 110 Charlie had heard grown-up people cry on occasions at wakes, or a convoy.

2004 S. D. Shanghvi Last Song of Dusk (2005) xii. 66 Widows, young wives, children, and even young men made up the convoy of mourners.

b. gen. originally Scottish. Any accompanying party; esp. an escort of honour.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > [noun] > an honourable escort

convoy1554

1554 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1871) II. 197 The xij menstralis that past afoir the convoy and the plaaris.

1568 G. Buchanan Indictm. Mary Queen of Scots (1923) 36 Sche..in the cumpanye of sic a conwoy as na prewat man of honest reputatioun wald haif enterit amang, passand to the Armetage in Lyddisdaill.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. vi. 245 With this shouting conuoy of sixe thousand Orientall Christians.

1681 C. Cotton Wonders of Peake 18 Your Peake-bred Convoy of rude Men and Boys, All the way whooting.

1733 T. Allen Christian's Sure Guide to Eternal Glory 51 Two of that glorious convoy of angels, which conducted him to the possession of his ancient throne.

1767 W. Guthrie Gen. Hist. Scotl. IV. 302 The royal bride set out from Richmond in Surry, in company with her father, who gave her the convoy as far as Colleweston.

1866 D. Livingstone Jrnl. (1873) I. x. 254 A convoy of honour to Mahamad.

1972 R. A. Stein Tibetan Civilization iii. 145 The cost had become so heavy that China was obliged to restrict the frequency of the missions and the size of the convoy.

2007 N. Mulliss Shadows beneath Sun xxxv. 282 As the royal party turned to go, the acolytes placed themselves close to the King's convoy of servants.

†c. Scottish. A group of people at a wedding who collect the bride and accompany her to the ceremony. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Convoy, 2. The company at a marriage that goes to meet the bride, S.B.

a. A guard or armed force escorting a person, goods, munitions, etc., as protection from attack or hostile forces.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > group with special function or duty > [noun] > for guard duty > escort

coveyc1325

convoy1553

convey1579

escort1579

safeguard1633

1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. iii. f. 22^v He..sent his treasure and Iuelles with a smalle conuoye to Damasco in Syria.

1596 M. Drayton Tragicall Legend Robert Duke of Normandy sig. O5^v This gracious Prince loe thus becoms my guide, And with a conuoy of some chosen friends, Brings me to Yorke.

1659 B. Harris tr. J. N. de Parival Hist. Iron Age ii. ii. vii. 259 The said Convoy consisted of about fifteen hundred horsemen.

1672 J. Dryden Conquest Granada i. iii. i. 26 And with a Convoy send him safe away.

1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 30 Jan. (1965) I. 303 The Bassa's answer..desires him to appoint where he would be met by the Turkish convoy.

1763 J. Barrow New & Impartial Hist. Eng. VIII. 169 Major-general Webb marched with a body of troops to meet and reinforce the convoy.

1800 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) I. 187 This Corps is to move to the redoubt, at which place I shall have occasion for it as a convoy for provisions.

1882 Harper's Mag. Mar. 634/1 The duties and disposition of advanced rear and flank guards, convoys, detachments, cantonments, and parties of reconnaissance.

1945 O. O. Winther Via Western Express & Stagecoach viii. 108 A military convoy accompanied the mail through the treacherous Apache country.

2009 D. Brown Fogue Forces (2010) 51 The convoy escorted the plane to a large aircraft shelter north of the control tower.

b. spec. A military vessel or fleet accompanying a merchant ship, passenger vessel, etc.; esp. one protecting a vessel carrying supplies during a war.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > navy > a naval force or fleet > [noun] > part of force for special duty > escort

convoy1600

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xliv. 1188 Hee..sent the said hulkes and vessels of burden into Macedonie, with a convoy of tenne brigantines to waft them over, with this charge.

1636 H. Blount Voy. Levant 27 Rhodian Gallyes..to be our Convoy against Pyracy.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 4. ⁋7 A Dutch Man of War of Forty Guns, which was Convoy to the said Fleet.

1779 J. P. Jones Let. 12 July in B. B. Oberg Papers B. Franklin (1993) XXX. 98 The Leveller Wherry..would be very Useful if Joined to our little force to take the Merchant Ships while we attack their Convoy.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 1 Cloudesley Shovel and George Rooke, commanded the men of war which formed the convoy.

1872 J. Yeats Growth Commerce 232 A convoy now accompanied the herring fleet for its protection.

1919 Times 4 July p. viii/3 The cruisers and other vessels used as escorts in the Atlantic convoy.

1939 War Illustr. 2 Dec. 372/3 The absolute necessity of maintaining the order in which their ships are placed in the convoy,..and not to alter course except at the order of the commodore of the convoy.

2007 R. E. Riendeau Brief Hist. Canada (ed. 2) vi. 83 The imperial authorities appointed the naval officer in charge of the convoy escorting the fishing fleet to the island to serve as governor.

5. A person who or thing which leads, directs, or conducts (to a place); a guide. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > [noun] > one who guides or leads

way-witterc1275

leadera1300

lodesmanc1300

predecessora1325

guide1362

duistre1393

conduct1423

way-leaderc1450

guiderc1475

conductor1481

leadsmanc1510

janissary1565

Palinurus1567

forerunner1576

convoy1581

mercury1592

pilota1635

accompanier1753

runner1867

1581 W. Blandy Castle of Pollicy f. 19^v The high Martiall must assigne euery battaile his conuoy, and guide, or two, to bring them most easye wayes.

1597 J. Skene De Verborum Significatione Admon. to Rdr. sig. T3 Bot gif the [Chaptour] number failzie, the i. & capitall word, wil be an sure guide & convoy to the richt place alledged.

a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Custome of Countrey iii. v, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Bb3^v/2 Sir, if an Angel were to be my convoy He should not be more welcome.

a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) II. 470 Charity is not only our Convoy to Heaven, but engaged to stay with us there for ever.

1726 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xvii. 289 Oh be some God his convoy to our shore!

1763 F. Fawkes & W. Woty Poet. Cal. I. 73 While common sense..points out the way; Yet thoughtless men, to this blest convoy blind, Court the wild dictates of a restless mind.

1844 J. W. Alexander Thoughts Relig. Experience (ed. 3) xxii. 300 It is evident that the departing soul will need a guide and convoy, for..it would not know which way to direct its course.

a1869 F. A. West Memorials (1873) x. 214 Holy angels..are..waiting to be our convoy to heaven.

1951 Russ. Rev. 10 149 My convoy turned me over to a gloomy warden.

†6. Something which conveys or transports a person or thing; a conducting channel, medium, or path. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > transference > [noun] > conveying or transporting > conveying by a channel or medium > channel or medium of conveyance

carriera1398

conduct1423

conveyance1548

conduita1569

conduit-pipe1581

convoy1599

conveyor1621

conveyancer1624

convoyance1682

conductor1796

efferent1876

1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet ii. iii. 180 Cordes made like a tackled stayre, Which to the high top gallant of my ioy, Must be my conuoy .

1604 King James VI & I Counterblaste to Tobacco sig. B4 The Nose being the proper Organ and conuoy of the sense of smelling to the braines.

1638 W. Rawley tr. F. Bacon Hist. Nat. & Exper. Life & Death 273 The Drinke; Which is the Convoy of the Meat.

1653 Bp. J. Taylor Ενιαυτος: Course of Serm. xiii. 169 The Religion of a Christian is immortall, and certaine,..and therefore needs not be received by humane and weake convoyes, like worldly and mortall Religions.

7. A strong angled lever for slowing or guiding a wagon, manipulated by the driver to provide a braking action directly on the wheel. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > mining equipment > [noun] > vehicle for underground haulage or transportation > rail or guide for

convoy1754

slipe1860

creeper chain1892

1754 W. Brown Let. in C. F. D. Marshall Hist. Early Brit. Railways (1938) viii. 166 We have Lately contrived what we call a Long Convoy (i.e. Brake) which goes to the fore wheels.

1764 London Mag. 144 F is a convoy..it is by this that the waggon is guided when it comes down what the waggon-men call runs.

1825 T. Tredgold Pract. Treat. Rail-roads & Carriages 106 The waggons are regulated by friction on the surfaces of the wheels, which is produced by the attendant pressing on the end of a bent wooden lever called a convoy, which has its centre of motion fixed to the side of the waggon.

1862 S. Smiles Lives Engineers III. 11 The waggoner standing behind to check the speed by means of a convoy or wooden brake bearing upon the rims of the wheels.

1885 C. L. Matéaux George & Robert Stephenson ii. 22 The waggons followed the horses so quickly, that the whole affair came rolling over,..an inconvenience afterwards checked by a convoy—that is, a crooked lever, or brake regulated by the drivers.

1902 J. R. Fletcher Devel. Railway Syst. Northumberland & Durham 4 Sometimes one pair of wooden wheels were retained for the better braking of the wagons. The brake was at that period called a convoy.

1930 M. H. Dodds Hist. Northumberland XIII. 33 The waggons..were at first fitted with wooden wheels and iron axles, but later one pair of wheels was of iron, the remaining pair carrying the brake or ‘convoy’.

III. The action of escorting or transporting.

8. Conveyance, transport, now chiefly of supplies.In later use with implication that the supplies are transported under military protection; cf. sense 10.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > [noun]

carryinga1382

passinga1382

carriage1423

portage1423

traduction1500

transporting1500

conveyancec1520

transportation1540

convoy1554

wafting1559

transportage1562

convey1587

portation1598

transportance1609

transport1611

weftage1615

conducta1618

vecture1625

vectitation1656

transit1753

messagerie1878

conveyal1886

intermodalism1979

1554 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1871) II. 193 The werkmen, merchandis,..and vtheris that furneist the grayth to the convoy of the moris to the Abbay.

1589 King James VI & I Medit. First Bk. Chron. sig. B.j The sowme of this ioyfull conuoy may be digestit in thrie actiounis.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxi. 426 All convoy [L. commeatus] of victuals from everie part was stopped.

1835 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Feb. 355/1 There should be a movable column of them [sc. shoeblacks], with an attendant waggon-train for the convoy of brushes and liquid blacking.

1917 J. A. Moss Questions on Combined Army Publ. 144 What can you say as to the convoy of munitions of war and supplies through a neutral state?

2011 R. L. Gunnarsson Amer. Mil. Police in Europe 1945–1991 iii. ix. 241/2 If an invasion occurred, the MPs were responsible for the convoy of war material to the Rhine defense line.

a. The action or an act of escorting a person out of courtesy or respect, as a guide, or for protection; attendance as an escort. Now rare (except as implied in sense 10).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > [noun] > an honourable escort > the act of

conveyance1503

convoy1557

convey1611

1557 in E. Lodge Illustr. Brit. Hist. (1791) I. 283 The French wold not suffer the same to departe without the convoye of some great man.

1603 King James VI & I Let. 10 Apr. in 7th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1879) 722/2 We have maid chois of zow as ane in speciall for the convoy to Londoun of our said dearest bedfollow.

1652 Bp. J. Hall Invisible World i. viii, in Great Mysterie of Godliness 172 It is..hard to beleeve, that there have been ocular witnesses of these happy convoys.

1676 J. Dryden Aureng-Zebe v. 77 Your Convoy makes the dang'rous way secure.

1808 W. Scott Marmion v. xviii. 270 They deemed it hopeless to avoid The convoy of their dangerous guide.

1873 R. Browning Red Cotton Night-cap Country iv. 234 No dream warned, and no need of convoy was.

1903 J. Murmell Vittorio Emanuele iv. 82 What need of convoy for a wanton—faugh!

b. Scottish. The action of escorting a person for part of his or her way home, or on part of a journey. Frequently with modifying word, esp. in Kelso convoy n. the accompanying of a departing guest to only just past one's doorstep (see also quot. 1845).

ΚΠ

1816 W. Scott Antiquary III. i. 5 It's just a Kelso convoy, a step and a half ower the door-stane.

1845 New Statist. Acc. Scotl. III. 325 The old Kelsonians did indeed finish the ‘convoy’ by parting with their guests on the threshold; but then this parting did not take place until they had first hospitably convoyed him [the guest] to his door, and been, in return for the compliment, reconvoyed by the latter to their own.

1875 N. Elliott Nellie Macpherson 141 Mysie an' me 'ill gie ye a Hielan [= Highland] convoy as far as the march dyke.

1917 J. Buchan Poems 42 The convoy's ower. Here we maun pairt, for I'm for Auchenlour.

2000 R. Walls Love as Strong as Death ii. 23 We walked on as far as the gate into the Blackford Pond, when the final Scots convoy began.

10. The protection afforded by an escorting armed force or guard, esp. a military vessel or fleet.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > [noun] > means of defence > protection by escorting force

convoy1600

armed escort1787

society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > operations or manoeuvres > [noun] > convoying or escorting

waftage1558

wafting1559

convoy1600

beef trip1919

society > travel > travel by water > [noun] > sailing in company > protection of

convoy1600

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. v. 198 This head ruler brought the Embassadours into their lodging, and..wafted them with the convoy of a sufficient fleete.

1668 J. Child Brief Observ. Trade 4 To sail always in Fleets, to which in all time of danger they allow Convoy.

1746 J. Ralph Hist. Eng. II. 519/1 The heavy Baggage was sent away to Louvain..under the Convoy of one English Regiment of Dragoons.

1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V III. xii. 372 He set sail..under convoy of a large fleet.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 435 So difficult was it to obtain the convoy of a man of war, except by giving immense bribes.

1927 Mich. Alumnus Aug. 804/1 On Saturday night we started down to Shanghai on freight steamers, under convoy.

2006 M. Llewellyn-Jones Royal Navy & Anti-submarine Warfare 1917–49 i. 15 The best counter was convoy with surface and air anti-submarine escorts in waters where submarine attack was likely.

IV. A person, group, or thing under escort and related senses.

11.

a. A group of vehicles or (formerly) animals travelling under the protection of an armed escort in order to deliver provisions or munitions to a settlement or army; provisions or munitions under military escort.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > [noun] > a train of > under escort

convoy1575

convey1577

1575 U. Fulwell Flower of Fame f. 54 Our Capitaine Sir Iames Wilforde went to meete with the conuoy at Dunbar, whiche is viii. myles from Hadington.

1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Scotl. 479/1 in Chron. I The same army vnder the conduct of the sayde Erle, passing forth with a conuoy of vitayles vnto Hadington.

1675 London Gaz. No. 1482/3 A great Convoy is lately arrived at Audenard, with vast quantities of all sorts of Military Provision, and a Train of Artillery.

1691 J. Hartcliffe Treat. Virtues 7 To cut off all unnecessary Convoys of Meats and Drinks, and the Seige cannot last long.

1748 Biographia Britannica II. 1211 His Lordship gave orders for a great convoy of ammunition to be removed from Newcastle to York, under the escort of a body of horse.

1789 Paris Revol. Mag. 12 July 32 A convoy of meal was arrested by the secret order of a person very well known.

1827 O. W. Roberts Narr. Voy. Central Amer. 289 They often met convoys of mules laden with merchandise.

1859 S. Smiles Self-help (1860) xiii. 351 Never ceasing his charge..until he had seen the precious convoy safe on the road to Allahabad.

1917 Addr. Canad. Club of Ottawa 66 The Germans shell all the roads systematically, hoping in that way to hit a passing convoy bringing up food to the city,..or a passing convoy of munitions.

2004 M. Rose in G. Prins & H. Tromp Future of War iii. xviii. 246 The Dutch tank unit..destroyed five Serb tanks in enforcing the passage of a convoy of aid.

b. A group of merchant ships sailing together, esp. when under military escort.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > trading vessel > [noun] > number of sailing together

company1530

caravan1588

convoy1605

trade1703

1605 W. Camden Remaines ii. 38 The sinkinge of the great Galiasse of the Saracens, the taking of their Conuoie.

1660 S. W. Epinicia Carolina 4 Th' burdened Ship with thousand billows tost, Is to it Self and Convoy lost.

1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins Voy. to South-seas 2 Join'd Company with us his Majesty's Ships..with a large convoy of Merchant-Ships.

1793 Ld. Nelson in Dispatches & Lett. (ed. 2) I. 314 A Convoy was expected from Tunis of twenty-five Sail, with two Sail of the Line, three Frigates and two Corvettes.

1840 W. Irving Chron. Wolfert's Roost (1855) 151 I once fell in with a convoy of merchant ships, bound for the West Indies.

1863 C. D. Yonge Hist. Brit. Navy I. xv. 394 The Commodore was also anxious for the safety of the convoy which he was escorting.

1917 Princeton Alumni Weekly 28 Nov. 205/1 The merchant ships are assembled in some quiet bay, never at a big port, and the convoy moves mostly at night.

1944 Hansard Commons 7 Mar. 1910 In conjunction with the strike wings of Coastal Command and R.A.F. fighters our Light Forces have constantly attacked enemy convoys in the Channel.

2006 Foreign Affairs Sept. 132 The solution of the main German cipher machine, the Enigma, enabled the Allies to steer their convoys around the U-boat wolf packs.

c. A group of people travelling together for companionship and mutual protection; the assembled travellers, belongings, means of transport, etc., viewed collectively; (in early use) spec. a caravan (caravan n. 1a). Later also: a group or line of vehicles travelling together or in the same direction.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > traveller > [noun] > a company of travellers

comitive1597

convoy1612

caravan1665

caravanserai1836

outfit1848

safari1860

1612 R. Coverte True Rep. Englishman 22 It is a Towne of great trade of merchandize, and hath Carrauans or Conuoies that come from Seena, from Mecha,..and all those places.

1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed i. ii. 6 From thence commonly are set forth the Caravans, or land convoys for Medina and Meca.

1738 J. Ray Trav. through Low-countries (ed. 2) II. viii. 61 More camels arrive there daily, from all foreign countries. viz. from Natalia, Armmia, Ægypt, and India, &c. with convoys.

1791 W. Taylor tr. G. E. Lessing Nathan the Wise (1805) v. 237 If thou comest to inform me that the whole convoy is arriv'd from Egypt, I know it already.

1867 Q. Rev. Jan. 102 A carriage..followed by a large convoy of armed and mounted travellers, a kind of Kafila.

1959 ‘E. Dudley’ Alibi & Dr. Morelle 66 At the junction where the Cambridge road joined the A. 11, Dr. Morelle slowed the car to fall in with a short convoy of lorries.

1998 B. Elton Blast from Past (1999) xxii. 145 Still looking for something and nothing she became a traveller, a member of one of the New Age convoys that roamed the country at the time.

d. A group of people travelling under escort, esp. a party of prisoners, evacuees, etc.; the assembled people, their escort, means of transport, etc., considered together as a unit; (also) a group travelling with a guide.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > traveller > [noun] > a company of travellers > a conducted party

convoy1864

1758 Universal Mag. Nov. 264/2 The detachments sent from the Duke de Deux Pont's army to intercept the convoy of prisoners, &c. has, it is supposed, ordered that convoy..to march directly to Francfort.

1790 in W. Nicholson tr. A. Benyowsky Mem. & Trav. I. (new ed.) 38 On the arrival of the second convoy of prisoners the Voywode placed him in charge of the commanding officer.

1864 J. R. Lowell Fireside Trav. 152 M. had brought back his convoy without even seeing a moose.

1904 Official Rec. Guards' Brigade in S. Afr. 88 Convoy of captured Boer wagons left at 3 p.m. for Modder River.

1942 Life 21 Sept. 124/3 Thus I became part of the convoy of prisoners to be sent to the fortress of Konigstein.

1979 J. K. Cooley in P. E. Haley & L. W. Snider Lebanon in Crisis ii. 45 The evacuation of wounded was suspended when the convoy was hit by bullets.

2009 K. Dickson tr. T. Egeland Guardians of Covenant ii. 208 We..head south again to Port Safaga, where we join an escorted convoy of tourists west through the desert to Luxor.

e. A consignment of goods or similar load which has been or is to be transported from one place to another.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > [noun] > under escort

convoy1836

1836 W. Irving Astoria II. v. 70 The Cheyennes were astonished and delighted to find a convoy of goods and trinkets thus brought into the very heart of the prairie.

1879 A. Blunt Jrnl. 8 July (1986) iv. 110 This Baghdadi did not seem to know who Ibn Rashid's agent takes the yearly convoy of colts to.

1947 B. A. De Voto Across Wide Missouri 66 They were expecting Fontenelle with a convoy of goods.

1993 Pigeon Sport 19 Aug. 10/1 The final international old bird event for 1993 got underway at 9am.., when the convoy of 18,258 pigeons was liberated at Perpignan.

Phrases

in convoy: (travelling) under escort or together as a group, with other ships, vehicles, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > [adverb] > under escort or with other ships, vehicles, etc.

in convoy1600

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > movement of vehicles > [adverb] > with other vehicles as group

in convoy1600

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. ix. 316 Certaine young gentlemen of the Nobilitie were returned, who had been sent in convoy from Capua, to accompanie them and bring them on their way.

1651 Let. in King Charles II Message to Princess of Orange 4 God..hath brought us..unto the Port of Portsmouth, with..one Merchants ship in Convoy, laden with Currants and Silk.

1754 London Mag. Sept. 420/1 With our drums beating and colours flying, we began our march in good order, with our stores, &c. in convoy.

1781 Gentleman's Mag. July 391/1 She sailed in convoy with twelve other vessels.

1836 W. Irving Astoria III. 237 The frigate Phœbe, and the two sloops of war Cherub and Racoon, had sailed in convoy of the Isaac Todd from Rio Janeiro.

1870 Naut. Mag. & Naval Chron. July 352 The northern Arabs are accustomed to sail in convoy when they are on slaving or piratical expeditions; and they are all well armed.

1919 Naval Ann. 136 The first sailings in convoy under protection were vessels engaged in the French coal trade.

1979 C. Milne Path through Trees II. i. ix. 86 I told him not to wait until all the lorries had been unloaded so that they could return in convoy..but to send them back one at a time.

2005 I. McEwan Saturday iii. 179 After New York, there's the Kuwait-Iraq border, and military trucks moving in convoy along a desert road.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

ΚΠ

1599 A. Heyndrickson tr. Proclam. Lords Generall States United Prouinces 5 Wee ordaine and command stricktly by these presents, all Conuoy-maisters, Controulers, Searchers, and all other our Deputies in all Hauens, Citties, and places of the same landes.

1641 H. L'Estrange Gods Sabbath Thomason Tracts CLXXV. No. 12. 126 They [sc. the Israelites] were every minute to watch the motion of the convoy-cloud, and to march with it.

1695 J. Dryden in tr. C. A. Du Fresnoy De Arte Graphica Pref. p. xiv As Convoy Ships..accompany their Merchants.

1708 W. Nicolson London Diaries 28 Jan. (1985) 446 Went to the Committee on the Examination of Commodore Ker; whose Charge was voted to be just, in contracting for 800l. Convoy-Money.

1765 Staple Contract, betwixt Royal Burrows Scotl. & Campvere in Zealand 33 The said Convoy Ships shall wait and stay there fourteen..Days.

1803 W. Pitt in G. Rose Diaries (1860) II. 8 The repeal of the Convoy Duty.

1817 W. Selwyn Abridgem. Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 892 The convoy bond mentioning the port of destination.

1880 A. Del Mar Hist. Precious Metals 125 The royalties, seignorages, convoy-duties, and other impositions..which the Portuguese monarchs levied upon the gold product of Brazil.

1918 Sphere 30 Mar. 273 (caption) A convoy escort returning to port.

1944 Daily Tel. 11 July 3 Captain Walker and his crew smashed U-boat packs lying across the Arctic and North Atlantic convoy routes.

1992 Economist 2 May 11/2 (advt.) The Refugee Affairs Officers..facilitate the delivery of food and medical assistance and, if required, serve as convoy leader.

2007 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 16 Sept. i. 10/2 We will continue to provide convoy force protection tasks just as we and our coalition partners do at the present time.

C2.

† convoy carriage n. Obsolete = tender n.¹ 4.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > railway wagon or carriage > fuel tender for locomotive

engine tendera1819

convoy carriage1825

tender1825

engine tenter1832

1825 N. Wood Pract. Treat. Railroads 150 The water and coals required for the regular wants of the engine are carried in the convoy carriage X, attached to the engine.

1828 D. Rankine Pop. Expos. Effect of Forces applied to Draught 52 The weight of the L. E. was 16,800 lbs.,..the draught conveyed was 50¹/ ₄ tons, including the convoy carriage of 1¹/ ₂ ton.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

convoyv.

Brit.

/ˈkɒnvɔɪ/, U.S.

/ˈkɑnˌvɔɪ/

Forms: late Middle English conuoye, late Middle English convoye, 1500s–1600s conuoy, 1500s– convoy; Scottish pre-1700 conuoy, pre-1700 convoy, pre-1700 conwoy.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French convoyer, conveier.

Etymology: < Middle French convoyer (French convoyer ), variant of conveier convey v.¹ In later use reinforced by association with convoy n. N.E.D. (1893) gives the pronunciation as (kǫ̆nvoi·) /kənˈvɔɪ/. The shift of the main stress to the first syllable results from association with convoy n.

I. To accompany, escort, guide.

1. Originally and chiefly Scottish.

a. transitive. To accompany or escort (a person or group of people). Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > show (the way) [verb (transitive)] > accompany as a guide > accompany or attend as companion

to go with ——c1330

convoyc1405

to wait on or upon ——1450

squire1530

to wait of ——?1551

escort1746

c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Ellesmere) (1868) l. 2737 Duc Theseus..conuoyed [Hengwrt conueyed] the kynges worthily Out of his toun.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xv. 269 Quhen he convoyit [1489 Adv. conwoyit] had to the se His brothir Edward and his menȝhe.

a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) viii. l. 5703 Wat of Curre was withe þaim þar, [Þat] conwoyit þaim vpwart þe gate, And went befor þaim to þe ȝhat.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xvii. 117 The comont pepil met them..vitht grit solempnite, and syne conuoyit them to the plane mercat befor the capitol.

a1617 Sir J. Melville Mem. Own Life (1827) 310 He had hard that my Lordis Ceatoun and Liuistoun wer wreten vnto to convoy him; bot he requested me to stay them, that he mycht haue the mair conferrence be the way with me.

1645 Peebles Gleanings 252 To John Plenderlaith and three utheris, to convoy..[a] prisoner fra Peblis to Berwick.

1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. v. 29 My uncle proposed they should quit the school, and convoy their old comrade Rory to a public house..where he would treat them all.

1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772 303 Several gentlemen, who..convoyed us from place to place.

1879 J. R. Lowell Poet. Wks. in Wks. 388 May sunniest hours Convoy you from this land of ours.

1922 J. Buchan Huntingtower viii ‘I'll convoy ye as far as the Laverfoot herd's,’ she announced.

2000 J. Robertson Fanatic 46 I would be obliged if ye'd convoy me to the Grassmarket.

b. transitive. spec. To escort (a woman) as a mark of courtesy or respect; to escort or show in (a guest). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > show (the way) [verb (transitive)] > escort a lady

squirec1386

man1567

convoy1578

esquire1786

beau1843

cavalier1863

the mind > emotion > love > courtship or wooing > court or woo [verb (transitive)] > make or have a date with > act as escort

man1567

squirea1578

convoy1578

gallant1690

esquire1786

cavalier1863

1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 41 Than hir Ladyis to hir Chalmer thocht best, Hir to conuoy, thairin for to tak rest.

1622 (?a1513) W. Dunbar Poems (Reidpeth) (1998) I. 65 Thair lady..was convoyed with ane royall routt Off gryt barrounes.

1764 S. Foote Mayor of Garret i. 15 Gad's so, you will permit me to convoy her in?

1786 R. Burns Cotter's Sat. Night vii, in Poems & Songs (1968) I. 147 Jenny..Tells how a neebor lad came o'er the muir, To do some errands, and convoy her hame.

1830 W. Scott Old Mortality iii, in Tales of my Landlord (new ed.) I. 277 May I be permitted to convoy your ladyship and Miss Bellenden home?

1889 Cornhill Mag. Feb. 120 We are convoyed through the hall by Sir Joseph.

1920 J. C. Snaith Adventurous Lady xv. 122 General Norris convoyed her to the drawing room door and opened it with a deference not lost upon them.

1942 A. C. H. Quiggin Haddon Head Hunter i. 17 One may guess that this would be a more congenial job than convoying Maude Roberston across London.

a. transitive. Originally Scottish. To accompany as a guide; to conduct, lead; to show the way to, direct. Also figurative. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > show (the way) [verb (transitive)] > accompany as a guide

leada900

conduec1330

conductc1400

convey14..

condc1460

conducec1475

convoyc1480

carrya1522

wain1540

train1549

marshal1590

gallant1806

usha1824

trot1888

get1984

c1480 (a1400) St. Mary of Egypt l. 882 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 321 I..prayt myn borcht þat scho wald me conwoy, & led..quhare at to enples hyr It mycht maste.

c1500 (?a1437) Kingis Quair (1939) xix (MED) With your bryght lanternis wele convoye My pen!

c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. iii. xii. f. 33^v/2 Vespasian..was conuoyit be certane treasonabyll britonis quhare y^e Albianis war.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 33 Ther corne pipis, calland and conuoyand mony fat floc to be fed on the feildis.

c1600 D. Moysie Mem. Affairs Scotl. (1830) 95 The said laird of Logie..escapit out be the meanis of a gentlevoman..quho conuoyed him..till a wyndow in the backsyde of the plaice.

1659 A. Hay Diary (1901) 181 I hyred a guyd to convoy us to Gradoun.

1846 N. Hawthorne Mosses i. iii. 67 Many of the company had bespoken a will-o'-the-wisp to convoy them home.

1874 Repository Aug. 103/1 Beckoning to the 'bus boy.., I was soon convoyed to a seat in his time-honored vehicle.

1919 Harper's Mag. July 279/2 How should a butterfly appear in a city street on a sulky March day unless some aerial Puck had convoyed her there to bring me a message.

1958 P. Berton Klondike Fever 432 This [steadfastness] is the common characteristic that joins the thousands who poured up the coast and over the mountains like flocks of sheep; even more, it is the distinguishing mark of the shepherds who convoyed them.

†b. transitive. To lead or direct (a band of soldiers); to drive (a vehicle). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > drive a vehicle [verb (transitive)]

driveOE

call1487

convoy1667

bend1747

herd1954

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xi. i. 51 And all the ȝonkeris meyt for swerdis dynt, Of thar tentis convoyit in array.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 752 The Chariot of Paternal Deitie..convoyd By four Cherubic shapes.

a. transitive. To accompany as a guard or armed escort; to provide with a protective escort.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > [verb (transitive)] > escort with, or as, an armed force

convoy1488

society > armed hostility > defence > defend [verb (transitive)] > escort

convoy1488

escort1708

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iii. l. 117 The knycht Fenweik, conwoide the caryage, He had on Scottis maid mony schrewide wiage.

1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 93 The King..sent the Gouernour of the Citie and about fiftie horsemen to conuoy him to his lodging.

1675 London Gaz. No. 976/2 Yesterday..2500 French Foot, Convoy'd by several Squadrons of Horse, approach'd the Suburb of this City.

1726 tr. J. Cavalier Mem. Wars Cevennes iv. 297 A fresh Guard was to convoy me to Dijon in Burgoundy.

1767 F. Warner Hist. Rebellion & Civil-war Ireland iv. 242 Lord Castlestewart the Governor capitulated; and was to be convoyed safe with all his people to the fort of Galway.

1823 R. Southey Hist. Peninsular War I. 294 For honour as well as protection, Tio Jorge, with an escort of musqueteers, convoyed him the first stage.

1880 A. Morris Treat. Canada with Indians of Manitoba ix. 179 They were met by an escort of Mounted Police, who convoyed them to the fort.

1905 P. F. Martin Through Five Republics v. i. 420 Whenever he moves abroad he is convoyed by an escort, and his bodyguard of sycophants and office-holders scarcely leave him for a moment.

1953 R. G. McWilliams tr. A. Pénicaut Fleur de Lys & Calumet v. 73 M. de Bienville..assigned them M. de Boisbrian with twenty-five Frenchmen to convoy them to the Chactas' village.

2010 C. Dunn Lost Technol. Anc. Egypt vii. 170 Tourists are convoyed with armed policemen to these ancient temples.

b. transitive. spec. Of a military vessel or aircraft: to accompany (another vessel or aircraft, esp. a merchant or passenger vessel) for protection from hostile forces.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > [verb (transitive)] > of ships: accompany vessels

waft1513

convoy1598

wafter1615

society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > operations or manoeuvres > perform operation or manoeuvre [verb (transitive)] > convoy or escort

waft1513

convoy1598

wafter1615

1598 W. Phillip tr. J. H. van Linschoten Disc. Voy. E. & W. Indies i. xcix. 192/2 This nauie came to..conuoy the ships that shold come from the Spanish Indies.

1641 J. Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 18 Embarked in a Dutch frigate, bound for Flushing, convoyed and accompanied by five other stout vessels.

1665 S. Pepys Diary 9 May (1972) VI. 99 This day we have news of eight ships being taken by some of ours..their two men of war that convoyed them running in.

1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. (1817) I. ii. 342 The fleet without delay convoyed the Queen into France.

1790 R. Beatson Naval & Mil. Mem. I. 182 To prevent Admiral de Torres from convoying the galleons from the Havannah to Old Spain.

1862 Sat. Rev. 15 Mar. 288 In the present situation of belligerent rights, numbers of English men-of-war must..be employed in convoying merchantmen.

1885 J. K. Laughton in Dict. National Biogr. IV. 33/2 The squadron..which convoyed the homeward trade in the next autumn.

1918 St. Nicholas Feb. 358/1 Bombing-machines are usually convoyed by fast fighting-planes, and do not have to defend themselves from attack in the air.

1957 Flying Mag. Feb. 47/2 Goering once told me how Ju-52 transports could be convoyed by fighters, and that there was no sense in building great bombers.

2010 Edmonton (Alberta) Jrnl. (Nexis) 30 May e8 From 1939 to 1945, about 26,000 merchant ships were convoyed across the Atlantic by the RCN.

II. Originally Scottish. To convey, transport; to carry out.

a. transitive. To convey, transport, carry (literal and figurative).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > [verb (transitive)]

haveeOE

ferryOE

weighOE

bearOE

take?a1160

weve13..

carry1348

passa1350

tow1391

geta1393

convey1393

winc1400

transport1483

set1487

convoy1500

traduce1535

port1566

repair1612

vehiculate1628

transmute1683

transplant1769

gallant1806

transit1859

inveigh1878

waltz1884

sashay1928

conduct-

society > communication > information > action of informing > give (information) [verb (transitive)] > convey as information

conveyc1386

importc1475

conversea1616

convoy1641

articulate1861

1500 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1869) I. 84 That the baillies convoy and caus be convoyit the saidis guids to the rynnand water of Leyth.

?1591 R. Bruce Serm. Sacrament i. sig. C7 This is ane audible worde, because it conuoyes the signification of it be the ear to the mind.

1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island iii. xiii. 32 To fitter place their noisome load convoying.

1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. 47 With what loyalty they will use me in conuoying this Truth to my understanding.

1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 1 To lay hold on the first opportunity that might convoy me to any other part of the World.

1703 London Gaz. No. 3888/4 Boast to convoy Letters and Pacquets between England and the Islands of Barbadoes, Antego, etc.

1887 J. Service Life Dr. Duguid 86 Thither I got my kist convoyed in the course of the afternune.

1918 M. Nicholson Valley of Democracy (1919) ii. 44 The effects of a household could be moved in one wagon and convoyed by the family on horseback.

2001 L. P. Gartner Hist. Jews Mod. Times iii. 68 Jews were also prominent..as river merchants, accepting produce from estates and convoying it in flotillas..for sale at Danzig.

†b. transitive (reflexive). Chiefly Scottish. To remove oneself from one place to another. With adverb or prepositional phrase expressing direction. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > move [verb (reflexive)]

convoy1508

1508 W. Kennedy Flyting (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 216 A horse marschall thou call the at the mute And with that craft convoy the throu the land.

1543 in R. Sadler State Papers (1809) I. 192 The governour, dowager, cardinal, and their adherents,..had determined to have taken and committed him to ward, if he had not wisely convoyed himself betimes out of Edinburgh.

1642 R. Baillie Let. 10 May (1841) II. 9 Without good night to any, he convoys himself away to York to the King.

1679 A. Behn Feign'd Curtizans iii. 36 A man may more safely pass the gulf of lyons, then convoy himself into a Bawdy house in Rome.

a1700 in R. Pitcairn Hist. Kennedy Families (1830) 151 He lap on horse and convoyit him self..away.

1706 Hist. Picts (ESTC T142053) i. 5 Those Britains..convoyed themselves into the Western par[t]s of the Island.

1792 Spalding's Hist. Troubles Scotl. (new ed.) I. 177 James Scot,..with certain of his neighbours, had quietly convoyed themselves, with their best goods, into the said ship.

†5. transitive. Chiefly Scottish. To conduct or carry out (business, a matter); to manage; to contrive to bring about, accomplish. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > manage or administer

steerc888

leadc1175

guyc1330

guidec1374

governa1382

ministera1382

treat1387

administer1395

dispose1398

skift?a1400

warda1400

solicit1429

to deal with1469

handlea1470

execute1483

convoy?a1513

conveyc1515

mayne1520

to bear (a person or thing) in (also an, a, on) handa1522

keepa1535

administrate1538

solicitate1547

to dispose of1573

manure1583

carry1600

manage1609

negotiate1619

conduct1632

to carry on1638

mesnage1654

nurse1745

work1841

operate1850

run1857

stage-manage1906

ramrod1920

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 238 Withe litill noy thai can convoy A mater finalie.

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xii. v. 14 Not onexpert to convoy sik a thing.

1555 Lydgate's Auncient Hist. Warres betwixte Grecians & Troyans Prol. sig. B.i/1 To conuoy [c1425 Augustus conveye, 1513 Pynson conuey] it with thine influence.

1643 R. Baillie Let. 22 Sept. (1841) II. 91 A thornie bussinesse..which the Moderator, by great wisdom, got cannilie convoyed.

1662 in Memorabilia City of Glasgow (1835) 238 And now of lait the fleshors of this burgh hes convoyed the mater so that they keip the feit hinging at the hyd ay.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	convoy
释义	convoyn. Brit. /ˈkɒnvɔɪ/, U.S. /ˈkɑnˌvɔɪ/ Forms: 1500s–1600s conuoy, 1500s–1600s conuoye, 1500s–1600s convoye, 1500s– convoy, 1600s conuoie, 1600s convoie; also Scottish pre-1700 conwoy. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly formed within English, by conversion. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: convoy v.; French convoi. Etymology: Partly (i) < convoy v., and partly (ii) < Middle French convoi, convoy, French convoy escort (early 14th cent.; 1165–70 in Old French as conveiz ), act of conducting or guiding, person who conducts or guides (both mid 14th cent.), group of people and vehicles (especially transporting provisions and munitions) that travel together (2nd half of the 14th cent.), funeral cortège (late 15th cent.), group of military vehicles travelling under escort (1680) < convoyer convoy v. †I. Conduct, demeanour. 1. Scottish. A person's carriage or bearing; deportment, demeanour. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > way of life > [noun] > action of conducting life in specific way livingc1350 convoy?a1513 convey1567 a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 234 Quhen I schau hir sa trimlye dance, Hir guid conwoy and contenance. 2. Scottish. Management or conduct of a matters or proceedings. Also: a plan or strategy for dealing with a particular matter. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > [noun] > conduct of affairs or dealing with dressingc1350 handlinga1400 conduct1454 dale1469 orderinga1549 dress1559 convoy1565 management1598 politics1749 approach1905 the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > a plan redeeOE devicec1290 casta1300 went1303 ordinancec1385 intentc1386 imaginationa1393 drifta1535 draught1535 forecast1535 platform1547 ground-plat?a1560 table1560 convoy1565 design1565 plat1574 ground-plota1586 plot1587 reach1587 theory1593 game1595 projectment1611 projecting1616 navation1628 approach1633 view1634 plan1635 systema1648 sophism1657 manage1667 brouillon1678 speculationa1684 sketch1697 to take measures1698 method1704 scheme1704 lines1760 outline1760 measure1767 restorative1821 ground plan1834 strategy1834 programme1837 ticket1842 project1849 outline plan1850 layout1867 draft1879 dart1882 lurk1916 schema1939 lick1955 1565 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 326 The samyn pretendit mariage wes compleit and maid be the said Uchridis counsall, convoy, and ratihabitioun. 1599 A. Hume Christian Precepts in Hymnes sig. I3^v Thinke not that thou by thy industrie, convoy, or diligence, art able to accomplishe onye gude thing. ?a1600 ( R. Sempill Legend Bischop St. Androis in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlv. 355 Bot how, alace! as ye shall heir, Betrayed thame bay^t with a tryme convoy. 1606 J. Hind Eliosto Libidinoso ii. 85 The conuoy of their proceedings, was but for the obscuritie of affection, with whom beyond credit, it was most brutish, and out of measure vnreasonable. II. An escort, and related senses. 3. a. A funeral cortège. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > [noun] > a funeral > funeral procession convoy1523 funeral1560 death train1775 burial-procession1871 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccccxliii. 781 Of the buryeng of therle of Flaunders and of the comtesse his wyfe, whose bodyes were brought to an abbey besyde Lysle..ther foloweth such as were ordayned for the conuoy. 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 408 Those of the cities, townes, and villages in their way as they past..did accompany his conuoy vnto the city of Megalipolis. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1363 Heavie funerals and convoies of the dead. 1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 17 The conuoy of his fathers obsequies. 1769 W. Anderson Hist. France II. vi. iv. 412 Before the convoy of his funeral reached St. Denis, there remained about it, only Brantome, four other gentlemen of the bed-chamber, and the guard of archers. 1863 J. Ruskin Munera Pulveris (1880) 136 The grey convoy of chief-mourner waves. 1928 P. O'Donnell Islanders xxiii. 110 Charlie had heard grown-up people cry on occasions at wakes, or a convoy. 2004 S. D. Shanghvi Last Song of Dusk (2005) xii. 66 Widows, young wives, children, and even young men made up the convoy of mourners. b. gen. originally Scottish. Any accompanying party; esp. an escort of honour. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > [noun] > an honourable escort convoy1554 1554 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1871) II. 197 The xij menstralis that past afoir the convoy and the plaaris. 1568 G. Buchanan Indictm. Mary Queen of Scots (1923) 36 Sche..in the cumpanye of sic a conwoy as na prewat man of honest reputatioun wald haif enterit amang, passand to the Armetage in Lyddisdaill. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. vi. 245 With this shouting conuoy of sixe thousand Orientall Christians. 1681 C. Cotton Wonders of Peake 18 Your Peake-bred Convoy of rude Men and Boys, All the way whooting. 1733 T. Allen Christian's Sure Guide to Eternal Glory 51 Two of that glorious convoy of angels, which conducted him to the possession of his ancient throne. 1767 W. Guthrie Gen. Hist. Scotl. IV. 302 The royal bride set out from Richmond in Surry, in company with her father, who gave her the convoy as far as Colleweston. 1866 D. Livingstone Jrnl. (1873) I. x. 254 A convoy of honour to Mahamad. 1972 R. A. Stein Tibetan Civilization iii. 145 The cost had become so heavy that China was obliged to restrict the frequency of the missions and the size of the convoy. 2007 N. Mulliss Shadows beneath Sun xxxv. 282 As the royal party turned to go, the acolytes placed themselves close to the King's convoy of servants. †c. Scottish. A group of people at a wedding who collect the bride and accompany her to the ceremony. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Convoy, 2. The company at a marriage that goes to meet the bride, S.B. 4. a. A guard or armed force escorting a person, goods, munitions, etc., as protection from attack or hostile forces. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > group with special function or duty > [noun] > for guard duty > escort coveyc1325 convoy1553 convey1579 escort1579 safeguard1633 1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. iii. f. 22^v He..sent his treasure and Iuelles with a smalle conuoye to Damasco in Syria. 1596 M. Drayton Tragicall Legend Robert Duke of Normandy sig. O5^v This gracious Prince loe thus becoms my guide, And with a conuoy of some chosen friends, Brings me to Yorke. 1659 B. Harris tr. J. N. de Parival Hist. Iron Age ii. ii. vii. 259 The said Convoy consisted of about fifteen hundred horsemen. 1672 J. Dryden Conquest Granada i. iii. i. 26 And with a Convoy send him safe away. 1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 30 Jan. (1965) I. 303 The Bassa's answer..desires him to appoint where he would be met by the Turkish convoy. 1763 J. Barrow New & Impartial Hist. Eng. VIII. 169 Major-general Webb marched with a body of troops to meet and reinforce the convoy. 1800 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) I. 187 This Corps is to move to the redoubt, at which place I shall have occasion for it as a convoy for provisions. 1882 Harper's Mag. Mar. 634/1 The duties and disposition of advanced rear and flank guards, convoys, detachments, cantonments, and parties of reconnaissance. 1945 O. O. Winther Via Western Express & Stagecoach viii. 108 A military convoy accompanied the mail through the treacherous Apache country. 2009 D. Brown Fogue Forces (2010) 51 The convoy escorted the plane to a large aircraft shelter north of the control tower. b. spec. A military vessel or fleet accompanying a merchant ship, passenger vessel, etc.; esp. one protecting a vessel carrying supplies during a war. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > navy > a naval force or fleet > [noun] > part of force for special duty > escort convoy1600 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xliv. 1188 Hee..sent the said hulkes and vessels of burden into Macedonie, with a convoy of tenne brigantines to waft them over, with this charge. 1636 H. Blount Voy. Levant 27 Rhodian Gallyes..to be our Convoy against Pyracy. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 4. ⁋7 A Dutch Man of War of Forty Guns, which was Convoy to the said Fleet. 1779 J. P. Jones Let. 12 July in B. B. Oberg Papers B. Franklin (1993) XXX. 98 The Leveller Wherry..would be very Useful if Joined to our little force to take the Merchant Ships while we attack their Convoy. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 1 Cloudesley Shovel and George Rooke, commanded the men of war which formed the convoy. 1872 J. Yeats Growth Commerce 232 A convoy now accompanied the herring fleet for its protection. 1919 Times 4 July p. viii/3 The cruisers and other vessels used as escorts in the Atlantic convoy. 1939 War Illustr. 2 Dec. 372/3 The absolute necessity of maintaining the order in which their ships are placed in the convoy,..and not to alter course except at the order of the commodore of the convoy. 2007 R. E. Riendeau Brief Hist. Canada (ed. 2) vi. 83 The imperial authorities appointed the naval officer in charge of the convoy escorting the fishing fleet to the island to serve as governor. 5. A person who or thing which leads, directs, or conducts (to a place); a guide. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > [noun] > one who guides or leads way-witterc1275 leadera1300 lodesmanc1300 predecessora1325 guide1362 duistre1393 conduct1423 way-leaderc1450 guiderc1475 conductor1481 leadsmanc1510 janissary1565 Palinurus1567 forerunner1576 convoy1581 mercury1592 pilota1635 accompanier1753 runner1867 1581 W. Blandy Castle of Pollicy f. 19^v The high Martiall must assigne euery battaile his conuoy, and guide, or two, to bring them most easye wayes. 1597 J. Skene De Verborum Significatione Admon. to Rdr. sig. T3 Bot gif the [Chaptour] number failzie, the i. & capitall word, wil be an sure guide & convoy to the richt place alledged. a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Custome of Countrey iii. v, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Bb3^v/2 Sir, if an Angel were to be my convoy He should not be more welcome. a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) II. 470 Charity is not only our Convoy to Heaven, but engaged to stay with us there for ever. 1726 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xvii. 289 Oh be some God his convoy to our shore! 1763 F. Fawkes & W. Woty Poet. Cal. I. 73 While common sense..points out the way; Yet thoughtless men, to this blest convoy blind, Court the wild dictates of a restless mind. 1844 J. W. Alexander Thoughts Relig. Experience (ed. 3) xxii. 300 It is evident that the departing soul will need a guide and convoy, for..it would not know which way to direct its course. a1869 F. A. West Memorials (1873) x. 214 Holy angels..are..waiting to be our convoy to heaven. 1951 Russ. Rev. 10 149 My convoy turned me over to a gloomy warden. †6. Something which conveys or transports a person or thing; a conducting channel, medium, or path. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > transference > [noun] > conveying or transporting > conveying by a channel or medium > channel or medium of conveyance carriera1398 conduct1423 conveyance1548 conduita1569 conduit-pipe1581 convoy1599 conveyor1621 conveyancer1624 convoyance1682 conductor1796 efferent1876 1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet ii. iii. 180 Cordes made like a tackled stayre, Which to the high top gallant of my ioy, Must be my conuoy . View more context for this quotation 1604 King James VI & I Counterblaste to Tobacco sig. B4 The Nose being the proper Organ and conuoy of the sense of smelling to the braines. 1638 W. Rawley tr. F. Bacon Hist. Nat. & Exper. Life & Death 273 The Drinke; Which is the Convoy of the Meat. 1653 Bp. J. Taylor Ενιαυτος: Course of Serm. xiii. 169 The Religion of a Christian is immortall, and certaine,..and therefore needs not be received by humane and weake convoyes, like worldly and mortall Religions. 7. A strong angled lever for slowing or guiding a wagon, manipulated by the driver to provide a braking action directly on the wheel. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > mining equipment > [noun] > vehicle for underground haulage or transportation > rail or guide for convoy1754 slipe1860 creeper chain1892 1754 W. Brown Let. in C. F. D. Marshall Hist. Early Brit. Railways (1938) viii. 166 We have Lately contrived what we call a Long Convoy (i.e. Brake) which goes to the fore wheels. 1764 London Mag. 144 F is a convoy..it is by this that the waggon is guided when it comes down what the waggon-men call runs. 1825 T. Tredgold Pract. Treat. Rail-roads & Carriages 106 The waggons are regulated by friction on the surfaces of the wheels, which is produced by the attendant pressing on the end of a bent wooden lever called a convoy, which has its centre of motion fixed to the side of the waggon. 1862 S. Smiles Lives Engineers III. 11 The waggoner standing behind to check the speed by means of a convoy or wooden brake bearing upon the rims of the wheels. 1885 C. L. Matéaux George & Robert Stephenson ii. 22 The waggons followed the horses so quickly, that the whole affair came rolling over,..an inconvenience afterwards checked by a convoy—that is, a crooked lever, or brake regulated by the drivers. 1902 J. R. Fletcher Devel. Railway Syst. Northumberland & Durham 4 Sometimes one pair of wooden wheels were retained for the better braking of the wagons. The brake was at that period called a convoy. 1930 M. H. Dodds Hist. Northumberland XIII. 33 The waggons..were at first fitted with wooden wheels and iron axles, but later one pair of wheels was of iron, the remaining pair carrying the brake or ‘convoy’. III. The action of escorting or transporting. 8. Conveyance, transport, now chiefly of supplies.In later use with implication that the supplies are transported under military protection; cf. sense 10. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > [noun] carryinga1382 passinga1382 carriage1423 portage1423 traduction1500 transporting1500 conveyancec1520 transportation1540 convoy1554 wafting1559 transportage1562 convey1587 portation1598 transportance1609 transport1611 weftage1615 conducta1618 vecture1625 vectitation1656 transit1753 messagerie1878 conveyal1886 intermodalism1979 1554 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1871) II. 193 The werkmen, merchandis,..and vtheris that furneist the grayth to the convoy of the moris to the Abbay. 1589 King James VI & I Medit. First Bk. Chron. sig. B.j The sowme of this ioyfull conuoy may be digestit in thrie actiounis. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxi. 426 All convoy [L. commeatus] of victuals from everie part was stopped. 1835 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Feb. 355/1 There should be a movable column of them [sc. shoeblacks], with an attendant waggon-train for the convoy of brushes and liquid blacking. 1917 J. A. Moss Questions on Combined Army Publ. 144 What can you say as to the convoy of munitions of war and supplies through a neutral state? 2011 R. L. Gunnarsson Amer. Mil. Police in Europe 1945–1991 iii. ix. 241/2 If an invasion occurred, the MPs were responsible for the convoy of war material to the Rhine defense line. 9. a. The action or an act of escorting a person out of courtesy or respect, as a guide, or for protection; attendance as an escort. Now rare (except as implied in sense 10). ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > [noun] > an honourable escort > the act of conveyance1503 convoy1557 convey1611 1557 in E. Lodge Illustr. Brit. Hist. (1791) I. 283 The French wold not suffer the same to departe without the convoye of some great man. 1603 King James VI & I Let. 10 Apr. in 7th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1879) 722/2 We have maid chois of zow as ane in speciall for the convoy to Londoun of our said dearest bedfollow. 1652 Bp. J. Hall Invisible World i. viii, in Great Mysterie of Godliness 172 It is..hard to beleeve, that there have been ocular witnesses of these happy convoys. 1676 J. Dryden Aureng-Zebe v. 77 Your Convoy makes the dang'rous way secure. 1808 W. Scott Marmion v. xviii. 270 They deemed it hopeless to avoid The convoy of their dangerous guide. 1873 R. Browning Red Cotton Night-cap Country iv. 234 No dream warned, and no need of convoy was. 1903 J. Murmell Vittorio Emanuele iv. 82 What need of convoy for a wanton—faugh! b. Scottish. The action of escorting a person for part of his or her way home, or on part of a journey. Frequently with modifying word, esp. in Kelso convoy n. the accompanying of a departing guest to only just past one's doorstep (see also quot. 1845). ΚΠ 1816 W. Scott Antiquary III. i. 5 It's just a Kelso convoy, a step and a half ower the door-stane. 1845 New Statist. Acc. Scotl. III. 325 The old Kelsonians did indeed finish the ‘convoy’ by parting with their guests on the threshold; but then this parting did not take place until they had first hospitably convoyed him [the guest] to his door, and been, in return for the compliment, reconvoyed by the latter to their own. 1875 N. Elliott Nellie Macpherson 141 Mysie an' me 'ill gie ye a Hielan [= Highland] convoy as far as the march dyke. 1917 J. Buchan Poems 42 The convoy's ower. Here we maun pairt, for I'm for Auchenlour. 2000 R. Walls Love as Strong as Death ii. 23 We walked on as far as the gate into the Blackford Pond, when the final Scots convoy began. 10. The protection afforded by an escorting armed force or guard, esp. a military vessel or fleet. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > [noun] > means of defence > protection by escorting force convoy1600 armed escort1787 society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > operations or manoeuvres > [noun] > convoying or escorting waftage1558 wafting1559 convoy1600 beef trip1919 society > travel > travel by water > [noun] > sailing in company > protection of convoy1600 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. v. 198 This head ruler brought the Embassadours into their lodging, and..wafted them with the convoy of a sufficient fleete. 1668 J. Child Brief Observ. Trade 4 To sail always in Fleets, to which in all time of danger they allow Convoy. 1746 J. Ralph Hist. Eng. II. 519/1 The heavy Baggage was sent away to Louvain..under the Convoy of one English Regiment of Dragoons. 1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V III. xii. 372 He set sail..under convoy of a large fleet. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 435 So difficult was it to obtain the convoy of a man of war, except by giving immense bribes. 1927 Mich. Alumnus Aug. 804/1 On Saturday night we started down to Shanghai on freight steamers, under convoy. 2006 M. Llewellyn-Jones Royal Navy & Anti-submarine Warfare 1917–49 i. 15 The best counter was convoy with surface and air anti-submarine escorts in waters where submarine attack was likely. IV. A person, group, or thing under escort and related senses. 11. a. A group of vehicles or (formerly) animals travelling under the protection of an armed escort in order to deliver provisions or munitions to a settlement or army; provisions or munitions under military escort. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > [noun] > a train of > under escort convoy1575 convey1577 1575 U. Fulwell Flower of Fame f. 54 Our Capitaine Sir Iames Wilforde went to meete with the conuoy at Dunbar, whiche is viii. myles from Hadington. 1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Scotl. 479/1 in Chron. I The same army vnder the conduct of the sayde Erle, passing forth with a conuoy of vitayles vnto Hadington. 1675 London Gaz. No. 1482/3 A great Convoy is lately arrived at Audenard, with vast quantities of all sorts of Military Provision, and a Train of Artillery. 1691 J. Hartcliffe Treat. Virtues 7 To cut off all unnecessary Convoys of Meats and Drinks, and the Seige cannot last long. 1748 Biographia Britannica II. 1211 His Lordship gave orders for a great convoy of ammunition to be removed from Newcastle to York, under the escort of a body of horse. 1789 Paris Revol. Mag. 12 July 32 A convoy of meal was arrested by the secret order of a person very well known. 1827 O. W. Roberts Narr. Voy. Central Amer. 289 They often met convoys of mules laden with merchandise. 1859 S. Smiles Self-help (1860) xiii. 351 Never ceasing his charge..until he had seen the precious convoy safe on the road to Allahabad. 1917 Addr. Canad. Club of Ottawa 66 The Germans shell all the roads systematically, hoping in that way to hit a passing convoy bringing up food to the city,..or a passing convoy of munitions. 2004 M. Rose in G. Prins & H. Tromp Future of War iii. xviii. 246 The Dutch tank unit..destroyed five Serb tanks in enforcing the passage of a convoy of aid. b. A group of merchant ships sailing together, esp. when under military escort. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > trading vessel > [noun] > number of sailing together company1530 caravan1588 convoy1605 trade1703 1605 W. Camden Remaines ii. 38 The sinkinge of the great Galiasse of the Saracens, the taking of their Conuoie. 1660 S. W. Epinicia Carolina 4 Th' burdened Ship with thousand billows tost, Is to it Self and Convoy lost. 1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins Voy. to South-seas 2 Join'd Company with us his Majesty's Ships..with a large convoy of Merchant-Ships. 1793 Ld. Nelson in Dispatches & Lett. (ed. 2) I. 314 A Convoy was expected from Tunis of twenty-five Sail, with two Sail of the Line, three Frigates and two Corvettes. 1840 W. Irving Chron. Wolfert's Roost (1855) 151 I once fell in with a convoy of merchant ships, bound for the West Indies. 1863 C. D. Yonge Hist. Brit. Navy I. xv. 394 The Commodore was also anxious for the safety of the convoy which he was escorting. 1917 Princeton Alumni Weekly 28 Nov. 205/1 The merchant ships are assembled in some quiet bay, never at a big port, and the convoy moves mostly at night. 1944 Hansard Commons 7 Mar. 1910 In conjunction with the strike wings of Coastal Command and R.A.F. fighters our Light Forces have constantly attacked enemy convoys in the Channel. 2006 Foreign Affairs Sept. 132 The solution of the main German cipher machine, the Enigma, enabled the Allies to steer their convoys around the U-boat wolf packs. c. A group of people travelling together for companionship and mutual protection; the assembled travellers, belongings, means of transport, etc., viewed collectively; (in early use) spec. a caravan (caravan n. 1a). Later also: a group or line of vehicles travelling together or in the same direction. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > traveller > [noun] > a company of travellers comitive1597 convoy1612 caravan1665 caravanserai1836 outfit1848 safari1860 1612 R. Coverte True Rep. Englishman 22 It is a Towne of great trade of merchandize, and hath Carrauans or Conuoies that come from Seena, from Mecha,..and all those places. 1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed i. ii. 6 From thence commonly are set forth the Caravans, or land convoys for Medina and Meca. 1738 J. Ray Trav. through Low-countries (ed. 2) II. viii. 61 More camels arrive there daily, from all foreign countries. viz. from Natalia, Armmia, Ægypt, and India, &c. with convoys. 1791 W. Taylor tr. G. E. Lessing Nathan the Wise (1805) v. 237 If thou comest to inform me that the whole convoy is arriv'd from Egypt, I know it already. 1867 Q. Rev. Jan. 102 A carriage..followed by a large convoy of armed and mounted travellers, a kind of Kafila. 1959 ‘E. Dudley’ Alibi & Dr. Morelle 66 At the junction where the Cambridge road joined the A. 11, Dr. Morelle slowed the car to fall in with a short convoy of lorries. 1998 B. Elton Blast from Past (1999) xxii. 145 Still looking for something and nothing she became a traveller, a member of one of the New Age convoys that roamed the country at the time. d. A group of people travelling under escort, esp. a party of prisoners, evacuees, etc.; the assembled people, their escort, means of transport, etc., considered together as a unit; (also) a group travelling with a guide. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > traveller > [noun] > a company of travellers > a conducted party convoy1864 1758 Universal Mag. Nov. 264/2 The detachments sent from the Duke de Deux Pont's army to intercept the convoy of prisoners, &c. has, it is supposed, ordered that convoy..to march directly to Francfort. 1790 in W. Nicholson tr. A. Benyowsky Mem. & Trav. I. (new ed.) 38 On the arrival of the second convoy of prisoners the Voywode placed him in charge of the commanding officer. 1864 J. R. Lowell Fireside Trav. 152 M. had brought back his convoy without even seeing a moose. 1904 Official Rec. Guards' Brigade in S. Afr. 88 Convoy of captured Boer wagons left at 3 p.m. for Modder River. 1942 Life 21 Sept. 124/3 Thus I became part of the convoy of prisoners to be sent to the fortress of Konigstein. 1979 J. K. Cooley in P. E. Haley & L. W. Snider Lebanon in Crisis ii. 45 The evacuation of wounded was suspended when the convoy was hit by bullets. 2009 K. Dickson tr. T. Egeland Guardians of Covenant ii. 208 We..head south again to Port Safaga, where we join an escorted convoy of tourists west through the desert to Luxor. e. A consignment of goods or similar load which has been or is to be transported from one place to another. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > [noun] > under escort convoy1836 1836 W. Irving Astoria II. v. 70 The Cheyennes were astonished and delighted to find a convoy of goods and trinkets thus brought into the very heart of the prairie. 1879 A. Blunt Jrnl. 8 July (1986) iv. 110 This Baghdadi did not seem to know who Ibn Rashid's agent takes the yearly convoy of colts to. 1947 B. A. De Voto Across Wide Missouri 66 They were expecting Fontenelle with a convoy of goods. 1993 Pigeon Sport 19 Aug. 10/1 The final international old bird event for 1993 got underway at 9am.., when the convoy of 18,258 pigeons was liberated at Perpignan. Phrases in convoy: (travelling) under escort or together as a group, with other ships, vehicles, etc. ΘΚΠ society > travel > [adverb] > under escort or with other ships, vehicles, etc. in convoy1600 society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > movement of vehicles > [adverb] > with other vehicles as group in convoy1600 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. ix. 316 Certaine young gentlemen of the Nobilitie were returned, who had been sent in convoy from Capua, to accompanie them and bring them on their way. 1651 Let. in King Charles II Message to Princess of Orange 4 God..hath brought us..unto the Port of Portsmouth, with..one Merchants ship in Convoy, laden with Currants and Silk. 1754 London Mag. Sept. 420/1 With our drums beating and colours flying, we began our march in good order, with our stores, &c. in convoy. 1781 Gentleman's Mag. July 391/1 She sailed in convoy with twelve other vessels. 1836 W. Irving Astoria III. 237 The frigate Phœbe, and the two sloops of war Cherub and Racoon, had sailed in convoy of the Isaac Todd from Rio Janeiro. 1870 Naut. Mag. & Naval Chron. July 352 The northern Arabs are accustomed to sail in convoy when they are on slaving or piratical expeditions; and they are all well armed. 1919 Naval Ann. 136 The first sailings in convoy under protection were vessels engaged in the French coal trade. 1979 C. Milne Path through Trees II. i. ix. 86 I told him not to wait until all the lorries had been unloaded so that they could return in convoy..but to send them back one at a time. 2005 I. McEwan Saturday iii. 179 After New York, there's the Kuwait-Iraq border, and military trucks moving in convoy along a desert road. Compounds C1. General attributive. ΚΠ 1599 A. Heyndrickson tr. Proclam. Lords Generall States United Prouinces 5 Wee ordaine and command stricktly by these presents, all Conuoy-maisters, Controulers, Searchers, and all other our Deputies in all Hauens, Citties, and places of the same landes. 1641 H. L'Estrange Gods Sabbath Thomason Tracts CLXXV. No. 12. 126 They [sc. the Israelites] were every minute to watch the motion of the convoy-cloud, and to march with it. 1695 J. Dryden in tr. C. A. Du Fresnoy De Arte Graphica Pref. p. xiv As Convoy Ships..accompany their Merchants. 1708 W. Nicolson London Diaries 28 Jan. (1985) 446 Went to the Committee on the Examination of Commodore Ker; whose Charge was voted to be just, in contracting for 800l. Convoy-Money. 1765 Staple Contract, betwixt Royal Burrows Scotl. & Campvere in Zealand 33 The said Convoy Ships shall wait and stay there fourteen..Days. 1803 W. Pitt in G. Rose Diaries (1860) II. 8 The repeal of the Convoy Duty. 1817 W. Selwyn Abridgem. Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 892 The convoy bond mentioning the port of destination. 1880 A. Del Mar Hist. Precious Metals 125 The royalties, seignorages, convoy-duties, and other impositions..which the Portuguese monarchs levied upon the gold product of Brazil. 1918 Sphere 30 Mar. 273 (caption) A convoy escort returning to port. 1944 Daily Tel. 11 July 3 Captain Walker and his crew smashed U-boat packs lying across the Arctic and North Atlantic convoy routes. 1992 Economist 2 May 11/2 (advt.) The Refugee Affairs Officers..facilitate the delivery of food and medical assistance and, if required, serve as convoy leader. 2007 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 16 Sept. i. 10/2 We will continue to provide convoy force protection tasks just as we and our coalition partners do at the present time. C2. † convoy carriage n. Obsolete = tender n.¹ 4. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > railway wagon or carriage > fuel tender for locomotive engine tendera1819 convoy carriage1825 tender1825 engine tenter1832 1825 N. Wood Pract. Treat. Railroads 150 The water and coals required for the regular wants of the engine are carried in the convoy carriage X, attached to the engine. 1828 D. Rankine Pop. Expos. Effect of Forces applied to Draught 52 The weight of the L. E. was 16,800 lbs.,..the draught conveyed was 50¹/ ₄ tons, including the convoy carriage of 1¹/ ₂ ton. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). convoyv. Brit. /ˈkɒnvɔɪ/, U.S. /ˈkɑnˌvɔɪ/ Forms: late Middle English conuoye, late Middle English convoye, 1500s–1600s conuoy, 1500s– convoy; Scottish pre-1700 conuoy, pre-1700 convoy, pre-1700 conwoy. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French convoyer, conveier. Etymology: < Middle French convoyer (French convoyer ), variant of conveier convey v.¹ In later use reinforced by association with convoy n. N.E.D. (1893) gives the pronunciation as (kǫ̆nvoi·) /kənˈvɔɪ/. The shift of the main stress to the first syllable results from association with convoy n. I. To accompany, escort, guide. 1. Originally and chiefly Scottish. a. transitive. To accompany or escort (a person or group of people). Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > show (the way) [verb (transitive)] > accompany as a guide > accompany or attend as companion to go with ——c1330 convoyc1405 to wait on or upon ——1450 squire1530 to wait of ——?1551 escort1746 c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Ellesmere) (1868) l. 2737 Duc Theseus..conuoyed [Hengwrt conueyed] the kynges worthily Out of his toun. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xv. 269 Quhen he convoyit [1489 Adv. conwoyit] had to the se His brothir Edward and his menȝhe. a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) viii. l. 5703 Wat of Curre was withe þaim þar, [Þat] conwoyit þaim vpwart þe gate, And went befor þaim to þe ȝhat. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xvii. 117 The comont pepil met them..vitht grit solempnite, and syne conuoyit them to the plane mercat befor the capitol. a1617 Sir J. Melville Mem. Own Life (1827) 310 He had hard that my Lordis Ceatoun and Liuistoun wer wreten vnto to convoy him; bot he requested me to stay them, that he mycht haue the mair conferrence be the way with me. 1645 Peebles Gleanings 252 To John Plenderlaith and three utheris, to convoy..[a] prisoner fra Peblis to Berwick. 1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. v. 29 My uncle proposed they should quit the school, and convoy their old comrade Rory to a public house..where he would treat them all. 1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772 303 Several gentlemen, who..convoyed us from place to place. 1879 J. R. Lowell Poet. Wks. in Wks. 388 May sunniest hours Convoy you from this land of ours. 1922 J. Buchan Huntingtower viii ‘I'll convoy ye as far as the Laverfoot herd's,’ she announced. 2000 J. Robertson Fanatic 46 I would be obliged if ye'd convoy me to the Grassmarket. b. transitive. spec. To escort (a woman) as a mark of courtesy or respect; to escort or show in (a guest). Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > show (the way) [verb (transitive)] > escort a lady squirec1386 man1567 convoy1578 esquire1786 beau1843 cavalier1863 the mind > emotion > love > courtship or wooing > court or woo [verb (transitive)] > make or have a date with > act as escort man1567 squirea1578 convoy1578 gallant1690 esquire1786 cavalier1863 1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 41 Than hir Ladyis to hir Chalmer thocht best, Hir to conuoy, thairin for to tak rest. 1622 (?a1513) W. Dunbar Poems (Reidpeth) (1998) I. 65 Thair lady..was convoyed with ane royall routt Off gryt barrounes. 1764 S. Foote Mayor of Garret i. 15 Gad's so, you will permit me to convoy her in? 1786 R. Burns Cotter's Sat. Night vii, in Poems & Songs (1968) I. 147 Jenny..Tells how a neebor lad came o'er the muir, To do some errands, and convoy her hame. 1830 W. Scott Old Mortality iii, in Tales of my Landlord (new ed.) I. 277 May I be permitted to convoy your ladyship and Miss Bellenden home? 1889 Cornhill Mag. Feb. 120 We are convoyed through the hall by Sir Joseph. 1920 J. C. Snaith Adventurous Lady xv. 122 General Norris convoyed her to the drawing room door and opened it with a deference not lost upon them. 1942 A. C. H. Quiggin Haddon Head Hunter i. 17 One may guess that this would be a more congenial job than convoying Maude Roberston across London. 2. a. transitive. Originally Scottish. To accompany as a guide; to conduct, lead; to show the way to, direct. Also figurative. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > show (the way) [verb (transitive)] > accompany as a guide leada900 conduec1330 conductc1400 convey14.. condc1460 conducec1475 convoyc1480 carrya1522 wain1540 train1549 marshal1590 gallant1806 usha1824 trot1888 get1984 c1480 (a1400) St. Mary of Egypt l. 882 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 321 I..prayt myn borcht þat scho wald me conwoy, & led..quhare at to enples hyr It mycht maste. c1500 (?a1437) Kingis Quair (1939) xix (MED) With your bryght lanternis wele convoye My pen! c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. iii. xii. f. 33^v/2 Vespasian..was conuoyit be certane treasonabyll britonis quhare y^e Albianis war. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 33 Ther corne pipis, calland and conuoyand mony fat floc to be fed on the feildis. c1600 D. Moysie Mem. Affairs Scotl. (1830) 95 The said laird of Logie..escapit out be the meanis of a gentlevoman..quho conuoyed him..till a wyndow in the backsyde of the plaice. 1659 A. Hay Diary (1901) 181 I hyred a guyd to convoy us to Gradoun. 1846 N. Hawthorne Mosses i. iii. 67 Many of the company had bespoken a will-o'-the-wisp to convoy them home. 1874 Repository Aug. 103/1 Beckoning to the 'bus boy.., I was soon convoyed to a seat in his time-honored vehicle. 1919 Harper's Mag. July 279/2 How should a butterfly appear in a city street on a sulky March day unless some aerial Puck had convoyed her there to bring me a message. 1958 P. Berton Klondike Fever 432 This [steadfastness] is the common characteristic that joins the thousands who poured up the coast and over the mountains like flocks of sheep; even more, it is the distinguishing mark of the shepherds who convoyed them. †b. transitive. To lead or direct (a band of soldiers); to drive (a vehicle). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > drive a vehicle [verb (transitive)] driveOE call1487 convoy1667 bend1747 herd1954 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xi. i. 51 And all the ȝonkeris meyt for swerdis dynt, Of thar tentis convoyit in array. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 752 The Chariot of Paternal Deitie..convoyd By four Cherubic shapes. View more context for this quotation 3. a. transitive. To accompany as a guard or armed escort; to provide with a protective escort. ΘΚΠ society > travel > [verb (transitive)] > escort with, or as, an armed force convoy1488 society > armed hostility > defence > defend [verb (transitive)] > escort convoy1488 escort1708 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iii. l. 117 The knycht Fenweik, conwoide the caryage, He had on Scottis maid mony schrewide wiage. 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 93 The King..sent the Gouernour of the Citie and about fiftie horsemen to conuoy him to his lodging. 1675 London Gaz. No. 976/2 Yesterday..2500 French Foot, Convoy'd by several Squadrons of Horse, approach'd the Suburb of this City. 1726 tr. J. Cavalier Mem. Wars Cevennes iv. 297 A fresh Guard was to convoy me to Dijon in Burgoundy. 1767 F. Warner Hist. Rebellion & Civil-war Ireland iv. 242 Lord Castlestewart the Governor capitulated; and was to be convoyed safe with all his people to the fort of Galway. 1823 R. Southey Hist. Peninsular War I. 294 For honour as well as protection, Tio Jorge, with an escort of musqueteers, convoyed him the first stage. 1880 A. Morris Treat. Canada with Indians of Manitoba ix. 179 They were met by an escort of Mounted Police, who convoyed them to the fort. 1905 P. F. Martin Through Five Republics v. i. 420 Whenever he moves abroad he is convoyed by an escort, and his bodyguard of sycophants and office-holders scarcely leave him for a moment. 1953 R. G. McWilliams tr. A. Pénicaut Fleur de Lys & Calumet v. 73 M. de Bienville..assigned them M. de Boisbrian with twenty-five Frenchmen to convoy them to the Chactas' village. 2010 C. Dunn Lost Technol. Anc. Egypt vii. 170 Tourists are convoyed with armed policemen to these ancient temples. b. transitive. spec. Of a military vessel or aircraft: to accompany (another vessel or aircraft, esp. a merchant or passenger vessel) for protection from hostile forces. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > [verb (transitive)] > of ships: accompany vessels waft1513 convoy1598 wafter1615 society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > operations or manoeuvres > perform operation or manoeuvre [verb (transitive)] > convoy or escort waft1513 convoy1598 wafter1615 1598 W. Phillip tr. J. H. van Linschoten Disc. Voy. E. & W. Indies i. xcix. 192/2 This nauie came to..conuoy the ships that shold come from the Spanish Indies. 1641 J. Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 18 Embarked in a Dutch frigate, bound for Flushing, convoyed and accompanied by five other stout vessels. 1665 S. Pepys Diary 9 May (1972) VI. 99 This day we have news of eight ships being taken by some of ours..their two men of war that convoyed them running in. 1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. (1817) I. ii. 342 The fleet without delay convoyed the Queen into France. 1790 R. Beatson Naval & Mil. Mem. I. 182 To prevent Admiral de Torres from convoying the galleons from the Havannah to Old Spain. 1862 Sat. Rev. 15 Mar. 288 In the present situation of belligerent rights, numbers of English men-of-war must..be employed in convoying merchantmen. 1885 J. K. Laughton in Dict. National Biogr. IV. 33/2 The squadron..which convoyed the homeward trade in the next autumn. 1918 St. Nicholas Feb. 358/1 Bombing-machines are usually convoyed by fast fighting-planes, and do not have to defend themselves from attack in the air. 1957 Flying Mag. Feb. 47/2 Goering once told me how Ju-52 transports could be convoyed by fighters, and that there was no sense in building great bombers. 2010 Edmonton (Alberta) Jrnl. (Nexis) 30 May e8 From 1939 to 1945, about 26,000 merchant ships were convoyed across the Atlantic by the RCN. II. Originally Scottish. To convey, transport; to carry out. 4. a. transitive. To convey, transport, carry (literal and figurative). ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > [verb (transitive)] haveeOE ferryOE weighOE bearOE take?a1160 weve13.. carry1348 passa1350 tow1391 geta1393 convey1393 winc1400 transport1483 set1487 convoy1500 traduce1535 port1566 repair1612 vehiculate1628 transmute1683 transplant1769 gallant1806 transit1859 inveigh1878 waltz1884 sashay1928 conduct- society > communication > information > action of informing > give (information) [verb (transitive)] > convey as information conveyc1386 importc1475 conversea1616 convoy1641 articulate1861 1500 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1869) I. 84 That the baillies convoy and caus be convoyit the saidis guids to the rynnand water of Leyth. ?1591 R. Bruce Serm. Sacrament i. sig. C7 This is ane audible worde, because it conuoyes the signification of it be the ear to the mind. 1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island iii. xiii. 32 To fitter place their noisome load convoying. 1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. 47 With what loyalty they will use me in conuoying this Truth to my understanding. 1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 1 To lay hold on the first opportunity that might convoy me to any other part of the World. 1703 London Gaz. No. 3888/4 Boast to convoy Letters and Pacquets between England and the Islands of Barbadoes, Antego, etc. 1887 J. Service Life Dr. Duguid 86 Thither I got my kist convoyed in the course of the afternune. 1918 M. Nicholson Valley of Democracy (1919) ii. 44 The effects of a household could be moved in one wagon and convoyed by the family on horseback. 2001 L. P. Gartner Hist. Jews Mod. Times iii. 68 Jews were also prominent..as river merchants, accepting produce from estates and convoying it in flotillas..for sale at Danzig. †b. transitive (reflexive). Chiefly Scottish. To remove oneself from one place to another. With adverb or prepositional phrase expressing direction. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > move [verb (reflexive)] convoy1508 1508 W. Kennedy Flyting (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 216 A horse marschall thou call the at the mute And with that craft convoy the throu the land. 1543 in R. Sadler State Papers (1809) I. 192 The governour, dowager, cardinal, and their adherents,..had determined to have taken and committed him to ward, if he had not wisely convoyed himself betimes out of Edinburgh. 1642 R. Baillie Let. 10 May (1841) II. 9 Without good night to any, he convoys himself away to York to the King. 1679 A. Behn Feign'd Curtizans iii. 36 A man may more safely pass the gulf of lyons, then convoy himself into a Bawdy house in Rome. a1700 in R. Pitcairn Hist. Kennedy Families (1830) 151 He lap on horse and convoyit him self..away. 1706 Hist. Picts (ESTC T142053) i. 5 Those Britains..convoyed themselves into the Western par[t]s of the Island. 1792 Spalding's Hist. Troubles Scotl. (new ed.) I. 177 James Scot,..with certain of his neighbours, had quietly convoyed themselves, with their best goods, into the said ship. †5. transitive. Chiefly Scottish. To conduct or carry out (business, a matter); to manage; to contrive to bring about, accomplish. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > manage or administer steerc888 leadc1175 guyc1330 guidec1374 governa1382 ministera1382 treat1387 administer1395 dispose1398 skift?a1400 warda1400 solicit1429 to deal with1469 handlea1470 execute1483 convoy?a1513 conveyc1515 mayne1520 to bear (a person or thing) in (also an, a, on) handa1522 keepa1535 administrate1538 solicitate1547 to dispose of1573 manure1583 carry1600 manage1609 negotiate1619 conduct1632 to carry on1638 mesnage1654 nurse1745 work1841 operate1850 run1857 stage-manage1906 ramrod1920 a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 238 Withe litill noy thai can convoy A mater finalie. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xii. v. 14 Not onexpert to convoy sik a thing. 1555 Lydgate's Auncient Hist. Warres betwixte Grecians & Troyans Prol. sig. B.i/1 To conuoy [c1425 Augustus conveye, 1513 Pynson conuey] it with thine influence. 1643 R. Baillie Let. 22 Sept. (1841) II. 91 A thornie bussinesse..which the Moderator, by great wisdom, got cannilie convoyed. 1662 in Memorabilia City of Glasgow (1835) 238 And now of lait the fleshors of this burgh hes convoyed the mater so that they keip the feit hinging at the hyd ay. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?a1513v.c1405
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