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agrimonyn. Origin: Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin acrimonia, agrimonia, argemōnia, argimōnia; French egrimonie, agrimonie, egrimoine. Etymology: Originally (in Old English) < post-classical Latin acrimonia (perhaps 6th cent.; also in undated glossaries), agrimonia (attested frequently in undated glossaries; from 11th cent. in British glossarial sources), variants (perhaps after classical Latin acer sharp (see acrid adj.) and agr- , ager field (see acre n.), respectively) of classical Latin argemōnia (also argimōnia), kind of poppy (Celsus, Pliny), in post-classical Latin also agrimony (4th cent.) < Hellenistic Greek ἀργεμώνη , kind of poppy (Dioscorides; probably < ancient Greek ἄργεμον , ἄργεμος (see argema n.); with the ending compare e.g. ancient Greek ἀνεμώνη anemone n.) + classical Latin -ia -y suffix3. Subsequently reinforced by or reborrowed < Anglo-Norman egremoine, egrimoigne, egremoigne, egremonie, egrimonie, Anglo-Norman and Middle French agremoine, agrimonie, egremoyne, Middle French agremonie, etc. (French aigremoine) common agrimony (12th cent. in Old French as aegremone) < post-classical Latin agrimonia (see above). Uses of the plant in the ancient world. In the ancient world the root and leaves of the plant were used in medicine; according to Dioscorides the plant could be used to cure leucoma (ἄργεμος ). Form history in Old English. In Old English a weak noun of uncertain gender (probably feminine); plant names of the weak (n -stem) declension are typically feminine, and so the expected form of the nominative would be *agrimonie ; the attested forms (all of which end in -a , not -e ) are probably after the Latin nominative form. In Old English also used with Latin case inflections (compare quot. OE2 at sense 1). Forms in Romance languages. Compare Old Occitan agrimen (c1220), agremonia (14th cent.), Catalan agrimònia (early 17th cent.), Spanish agrimonia (2nd half of the 13th cent.), Portuguese agrimonia (1601), Italian agrimonia (1st half of the 13th cent.). Forms in other Germanic languages. Compare Middle Dutch agrimonie (1250; Dutch agrimonie ), Middle Low German agrimonie , Middle High German agrimonie (c1445; 14th cent. as agramüni ; German Agrimonie , †Agrimonia ). Use to denote plants other than those of the genus Agrimonia. In early uses at sense 2 perhaps reflecting confusion as to the application of Eupatorium n. and liverwort n., former names for common agrimony. With wild agrimony (compare quotations 1578 at sense 2b, 1725 at sense 2b) compare post-classical Latin agrimonia sylvestris (1543 or earlier). the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > agrimony or lady's mantle or burnet eOE (Royal) (1865) i. ii. 37 Genim agrimonian, welle swiþe oþ þriddan dæl. OE (2001) I. lxx. 58 Nim ðas wyrte neoðowearde: ceasteræsc, ontre neoðoweart; ðas ufonwearde: betonican, rude, wermod, acremonia, felterre, [etc.]. OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius (Vitell.) (1984) xxxii. 78 Wið eagena sare genim þas wyrte þe man argimoniam [OE Harl. 585 acrimoniam, ?a1200 Harl. 6258B agrimoniam; L. herba argimonia] & oðrum naman garclife nemneð. a1400 J. Mirfield (1882) 9 Agrimonia, egremoyn. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer (Ellesmere) (1875) l. 800 And herbes koude I telle eek many oon As Egremoyne [c1410 Harl. 7334 Egrimoigne, c1415 Corpus Oxf. Egrymoyne, c1425 Petworth Egrymoyn], Valerian. ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac (Paris) (1971) 617 Egrimoyne is an herbe, hote and drye in þe secounde degre, wiþ a clensynge. (Harl. 221) 8 Agrimony, or egrimony, herbe, agrimonia. ?a1500 Nominale (Yale Beinecke 594) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker (1884) I. 786/12 Hec igromonia, a ygromony. 1551 W. Turner 177 Agrimony groweth among bushes and hedges and in myddowes and woddes. 1592 (?a1425) (BL Add.) (1843) I. 119 Raydishe and egremounde, Which be my erbes. 1620 T. Middleton & W. Rowley sig. E4v I grant, theres bitter Egrimony in vm. 1623 14 May Margaret Horniscleuch..cureit him by ane bath of agrimonie and blak scheipis creisch. 1671 W. Salmon iii. xxii. 389 Agrimony nobly opens the Liver and Spleen. 1754 tr. J. Astruc (new ed.) II. iv. xi. 123 Broth's made of Chicken, or River-Crab, and the Leaves of Agrimony, Burnet.., &c. 1789 J. Pilkington I. 398 Agrimonia eupatoria. Common Agrimony... It is a mild corroberant, and is employed against habitual diorrhæas. 1836 T. Castle 13/1 The Common Agrimony, the only British species, is found in flower on the borders of fields, in June and July. 1866 C. A. Johns in J. Lindley & T. Moore i. 31/1 Agrimony..contains tannin, and will dye wool of a nankeen colour. 1902 12 Apr. 546/1 Every thrifty house-dame laid up in store dried bunches of common agrimony and other medicinal plants, and brewed herbal drinks of varying degrees of nastiness. 1952 P. Mann ii. 119 The petals of Agrimony are yellow in colour, and the flowers open for one day only. 2002 1 July 31/1 A yellow spire-like flower now opening on the grass verges is agrimony. It is smaller than rosebay willow-herb, and its little blooms are more widely spaced. 2. With distinguishing word or words. the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > hemp-agrimony 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens i. xxxix. 57 There be sundry kindes of herbes called in Latine Hepatica or Jecoraria, that is to say Lyuerwortes... The two first kindes are Bastarde Agrimonie [Fr. Eupatoires bastards]. The third is Three leaued Agrimonie, or noble Lyuerwurte [Fr. La tierce est l'Hepatique]. 1597 J. Gerard ii. ccxxix. 574 Water Hempe, or water Agrimonie, is seldome founde in hot regions for which cause it is called Eupatorium Cannabinum fœmina Septentrionalium. 1640 J. Parkinson lx. 596 All these sorts of Hempe-like Agrimony doe usually grow by watery ditch sides, and the like Moorish places. 1656 J. Tradescant 112 Eupatorium..canabinum mas, Water hemp or hemp Agrimony. 1735 J. Keogh 2 Agrimony called..Bastard Agrimony, hath long, round Stalks full of white pith, on which grow long blackish leaves, rough, hairy, and serrated. 1772 J. Hill 105 Eupatorium. Dutch Agrimony. 1819 J. Dugdale II. 345/2 Common Hemp Agrimony, or Dutch Agrimony: on the sides of the river Rhodon. 1890 E. Hamilton xxiii. 392 The Hemp or Water-Agrimony (Eupatorium cannabinum)..is common enough on the banks of rivers and other watery places. 1908 31 Aug. 2/3 Nature had..enriched the banks with..meadow-sweet and hemp-agrimony. 2000 C. Tudge ii. xxv. 606 E. cannabinum, the hemp agrimony, common in ditches and by the sides of streams. the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > rosaceous plants > [noun] > potentilla or cinquefoil the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > bur-marigold the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > buttercup and allied flowers > anemones 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens i. lix. 86 In English wilde Tansie, Siluer weede, and of some wilde Agrimonie. 1725 R. Bradley at Gravel Others promise the same from the Skin of a Barbel, and Water distilled from the Herb called Argentaria, Potentilla, or wild Agrimony. 1759 P. Miller (ed. 7) at Agrimonia Three leaved Agrimony with smooth Fruit. 1796 W. Withering (ed. 3) Bidens tripartita, Trifid Doubletooth, Water Hemp, Water Agrimony. 1822 S. Clarke I. 455 Three-leaved Agrimony. ‘Stem leaves ternate; fruit smooth;’ root leaves pinnate, with two or three pair of wings. 1892 10 Sept. 206/1 This wonderful flower, which is really almost as plentiful as meadowsweet, turned out to be ‘wild agrimony’. 1910 I. 424/2 The name [agrimony] has been unsystematically given to several other plants; for instance:..noble or three-leaved agrimony (Anemone hepatica). 2000 C. M. Grimm tr. G. Hirschi 97 Wild agrimony (Potentilla anserina L.) helps against cramplike menstrual complaints. 2010 M. Pennacchio et al. 55 Bidens tripartita L. (Asteraceae). water agrimony. The flower heads, when burned give off a pleasant aromatic smoke. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). <  n.eOE |
