† contestn.¹

Etymology: apparently representing a medieval Latin *contestis joint witness, < con- together + testis witness.

Obsolete.

A joint witness.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > evidence > [noun] > a witness > a joint witness

contest1551

1551 in Foxe A. & M. VI. 198 The said deponent, with his contest James Basset, spake with his grace in the gallery.

1563 in Foxe A. & M. VI. 713/1 What wordes and sentences they then herd, who was with them there as contests.

1602 T. Fitzherbert Apol. 13 a When the said evidence is not so manifest, two witnesses at least are required and the same to be contestes, that is..affirming one and the same thing.]

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

contestn.²

Brit.

/ˈkɒntɛst/, U.S.

/ˈkɑnˌtɛst/

Etymology: apparently < contest v. (and originally having the same stress); but compare modern French conteste, not in Cotgrave 1611, but quoted by Littré, in phrase sans conteste, from Molière 1654.

1. Strife in argument, keen controversy, dispute, debate, wordy war. †without contest: without dispute, incontestably.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > controversy, dispute, argument > [noun]

pleac1275

distancec1325

stance14..

in controversyc1432

disceptation1447

disputation1489

disception1492

concertation1509

controversity1528

contending1561

fending and proving1583

digladiation?1591

bandying1599

contestation1602

controverting1610

wrangling1612

contesting1616

rixation1623

contestion1632

controversarya1635

contest1642

vitilitigation1647

ergoteering1687

sparring1755

hash1789

controversying1865

argle-bargle1872

wringle-wrangle1882

argy-bargy1887

polemicizing1948

va-et-vient1959

1642 J. Denham Cooper's Hill 5 Though this of old no less contest did move, Than when for Homers birth seven Cities strove.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 1189 And of thir vain contest appeer'd no end.

1707 E. Ward Hudibras Redivivus II. xii. 6 He was, without Contest, As grand a Rebel as the best.

1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 40. ⁋3 When the contest happens to rise high between men of genius and learning.

1780 W. Cowper Rep. Adjudged Case 1 Between Nose and Eyes a strange contest arose.

1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 161 Great contest follows, and much learned dust Involves the combatants.

2. Struggle for victory, for a desired object, or in defence; conflict, strife, contention.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > [noun]

i-winc888

wrestlingc890

fightc1000

flitec1000

teenOE

winOE

ungrithlOE

wara1200

cockingc1225

strife?c1225

strivingc1275

struta1300

barratc1300

thro1303

battlec1375

contentionc1384

tuggingc1440

militationa1460

sturtc1480

bargain1487

bargaining1489

distrifea1500

concertation1509

hold1523

conflict1531

ruffle1532

tangling1535

scamblingc1538

tuilyie1550

bustling1553

tilt1567

ruffling1570

wresting1570

certationc1572

pinglinga1578

reluctation1593

combating1594

yoking1594

bandying1599

tention1602

contrast1609

colluctation1611

contestationa1616

dimication1623

rixation1623

colluctance1625

decertation1635

conflicting1640

contrasto1645

dispute1647

luctation1651

contest1665

stickle1665

contra-colluctation1674

contrasting1688

struggle1706

yed1719

widdle1789

scrambling1792

cut and thrust1846

headbutting1869

push-and-pull1881

contending1882

thrust and parry1889

aggro1973

1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 215 In the event of this Contest, it is very remarkable, that..there was not one considerable Ship lost.

1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 26 He [Buckingham] was of a Courage not to be daunted, which was manifested..in his Contests with particular persons of the greatest reputation.

1780 E. Burke Speech declining Poll in Wks. III. 433 The worthy gentleman, who has been snatched from us at the moment of the election, and in the middle of the contest.

1797 R. Beilby & T. Bewick Hist. Brit. Birds I. 108 A contest..between the Cuckoos for possession of the nest.

1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) IV. 55 The assistance they could hope to receive from Athens in their contest with the enemy.

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xv. 161 The dogs are carefully trained not to engage in contest with the bear.

3. Amicable conflict, as between competitors for a prize or distinction; competition.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > [noun]

rivality1528

strife1530

envy1541

emulation1552

contention1576

pinglinga1578

countermatch1581

paragon1590

competency1594

corrivality1598

rivalry1598

concurrence1603

contestation1603

competitiona1608

rivalling1607

concurrency1609

strift1612

corrivalry1614

rivalty1631

contest1648

corrivalty1649

coping1678

co-rivalry1835

rivalism1850

society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > [noun] > a contest or competition

match1531

goala1555

vie1568

skirmish1576

rencounter1594

drop-vie1598

duellism1602

duello1606

bout1609

duel1613

competition1618

matcha1637

tournament1638

contest1648

rencontre1667

pingle?1719

sprawla1813

go1823

bet1843

bucklea1849

comp1929

cook-off1936

title race1948

1648 R. Crashaw Steps to Temple (ed. 2) 4 O sweet contest of woes With loves, and tears, with smiles disputing.

1752 S. Johnson Rambler No. 205. ⁋6 As the evening approached, the contest [for prizes] grew more earnest.

1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) IV. 421 Many of the late competitors returned to the contest.

1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues IV. 79 In musical contests there shall be one set of judges of solo singing or playing.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

contestv.

Brit.

/kənˈtɛst/,

/ˈkɒntɛst/, U.S.

/kənˈtɛst/

Etymology: < French contester ‘to call or take to witnesse, make an earnest protestation or complaint vnto; also to brable, argue, debate a matter with; also to denie, gainesay, contest against’ (Cotgrave 1611), = Italian contestare ‘to strive, debate’ (Florio 1598), Provençal contestar, Spanish contestar. The original source is Latin contestārī to take or call to witness ( < con- + testārī to be a witness, bear witness, < testis a witness); thence the legal phrase contestārī lītem, to introduce a lawsuit by calling witnesses, to bring an action; whence the modern sense. The French verb appears to have taken its senses partly from the original Latin, and partly from the Italian; and is followed in both by the English.

I. Senses connected with Latin contestārī to take to witness. Obsolete.

†1. transitive. To assert or confirm with the witness of an oath, to swear to (a fact or statement). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > assurance, confirmation, or guarantee > assure, confirm, or guarantee [verb (transitive)] > by oath

swear1377

contest1579

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > attest, bear witness [verb (transitive)] > support, corroborate > by oath, etc.

swear1377

contest1579

attest1665

1579 J. Stubbs Discouerie Gaping Gulf sig. Dij^v Oathes and sworn promises contested at theyr high altar of their masse.

1613 T. Heywood Brazen Age i, in Wks. (1874) III. 174 As we are Oeneus the Ætolians King... So we contest we make her here the prize Of the proud victor.

†2. To witness to, attest; to bear corroborative testimony to; to attest along with another. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > attest, bear witness [verb (transitive)] > jointly

contest1604

co-attesta1711

1604 M. Drayton Moyses i. 13 For thy faire browe apparently contests The currant stampe of a cleane nuptiall bed.

1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. xxxvii. 89 The oath of the party suspected, and the concurrent testimony of other men: the first attesting his own innocency, the other contesting their consciences of the truth of the former testimony.

†3.

a. To call to witness, take to witness, adjure; to address with a solemn appeal, charge, etc. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > appeal to or invoke > to bear witness or confirm

teemOE

protest1555

contest1610

invoke1851

1610 Bible (Douay) II. Psalms lxxx. 9 Heare o my people: and I wil contest thee.

1611 Bible (King James) Exod. xix. 21 And the Lord said vnto Moses, Goe downe, charge [margin., Heb. contest] the people.

1621 H. Ainsworth Annot. Five Bks. Moses, Bk. Psalmes & Song of Songs (1639) 69 Paul used to Contest (or charge) before God and His Angels.

†b. intransitive. To bear witness, ‘testify’, make a solemn appeal or protest. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > assertion or affirmation > [verb (intransitive)]

protesta1486

assertionate1593

aver1599

contest1607

asseverate1807

gage1811

predicate1828

pose1840

to take one's dick1861

to stick up1876

the mind > language > speech > request > make a request [verb (intransitive)] > beseech or implore

beseech?c1225

praya1250

plead1340

pursuec1390

implore?a1513

perplead1581

entreat1593

beg1598

oratec1600

contest1607

deprecate1626

imprecatea1645

obtest1650

prig1700

special-plead1814

plea1868

1607 R. Parker Scholasticall Disc. against Antichrist ii. v. 35 Ioab displeaseth Dauid, when he contesteth against the numbring of the people.

1610 Bible (Douay) II. Amos iii. 13 Heare ye, and contest in the house of Jacob, sayth our Lord.

II. Senses originating in Latin contestārī lītem.

4. intransitive. To contend or strive (with or against) in argument; to dispute or debate keenly, wrangle.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > controversy, dispute, argument > contend, dispute, argue [verb (intransitive)]

flitec900

witherc1000

disputea1225

pleadc1275

strive1320

arguec1374

tolyc1440

toilc1450

wrestlec1450

altercate1530

disagree1534

dissent1538

contend1539

controvert1563

wrangle?1570

contestate?1572

to fend and prove?1578

contest1603

vie1604

controverse1605

discept1639

ergot1653

digladiatea1656

misprove1662

spar1698

argufy1804

spat1809

to cross swords1816

argle1823

to bandy words1828

polemize1828

controversialize1841

caffle1851

polemicize1881

ergotize1883

argy-bargy1887

cag1919

snack1956

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 53 To argue and refute him by arguments contending and contesting against that which hath beene said.

1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts ii. 317 Jannes and Jambres..resisted Moses and contested with him, in the message that he brought from God.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 756 Inexplicable Thy Justice seems; yet to say truth, too late, I thus contest .

1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth i. i. 5 The difficulty or obscurity of an argument, that does but add to the pleasure of contesting with it, when there are hopes of victory.

1829 R. Southey Sir Thomas More I. 349 He dared not contest obstinately against persons of quality, who would be offended by his discourse.

5. transitive. To argue or debate (a point, etc.); to argue against, dispute, controvert, call in question.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > objection > object [verb (transitive)] > dispute or call in question

traversea1325

challengec1386

disputea1535

quarrel1548

contestate?1572

to controverse in question1602

question1613

tax1614

contest1663

to call upon ——1746

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > putting forward for discussion > put forward [verb (transitive)] > attack with arguments

objectc1460

assaila1500

assault1551

wring1567

contestate?1572

question1613

join1632

contest1663

concert1689

1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 107 Can such a one contest the Divine decree.

1697 K. Chetwood Pref. to Pastorals in J. Dryden tr. Virgil Wks. sig. ****2^v A fifth Rule, (which one may hope will not be contested).

1752 J. Jortin Remarks Eccl. Hist. II. 9 The excellence of Christian morality will not be contested by fair and candid adversaries.

1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) I. 339 He contested the right of the pope to dispense them.

1859 J. S. Mill On Liberty ii. 37 With every opportunity for contesting it, it has not been refuted.

6. intransitive. To strive or contend (in a general sense).

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > contend [verb (intransitive)]

winc888

fightc900

flitec900

wraxlec1000

wrestlea1200

cockc1225

conteckc1290

strivec1290

struta1300

topc1305

to have, hold, make, take strifec1374

stightlea1375

debatec1386

batea1400

strugglec1412

hurlc1440

ruffle1440

warc1460

warslea1500

pingle?a1513

contend1529

repugn1529

scruggle1530

sturtc1535

tuga1550

broilc1567

threap1572

yoke1581

bustle1585

bandy1594

tilt1595

combat1597

to go (also shake, try, wrestle) a fall1597

mutiny1597

militate1598

combatizec1600

scuffle1601

to run (or ride) a-tilt1608

wage1608

contesta1618

stickle1625

conflict1628

stickle1647

dispute1656

fence1665

contrast1672

scramble1696

to battle it1715

rug1832

grabble1835

buffet1839

tussle1862

pickeer1892

passage1895

tangle1928

a1618 W. Raleigh Remains (1644) 73 Have we not the Kings eares, who dares contest with us?

a1645 W. Browne tr. M. Le Roy Hist. Polexander (1647) v. i. 293 Contest no more against what is just, and be not guilty of your owne death.

a1711 T. Ken Preparatives for Death in Wks. (1721) IV. 38 Tell me how we best With Trouble and Temptation may contest.

1733 A. Pope Ess. Man iii. 303 For Forms of Government let Fools contest.

1863 J. Ruskin Munera Pulveris (1880) 132 No form of government..is, as such, to be either condemned or praised, or contested for in any~wise, but by fools.

a. transitive. To contend, struggle, or fight for; to dispute with arms.

ΚΠ

a1626 F. Bacon Polit. Fables ix The matter was contested by single combat.

1818 R. Southey Funeral Song Princess Charlotte Mournful was that Edward's fame, Won in fields contested well.

1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) II. x. 480 Every defensible spot of ground was stoutly contested by the Britons.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People ii. §4. 77 There was none of the house of Godwine to contest the crown.

b. To oppose with arms, fight against.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed encounter > contending in battle > fight (a battle, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > contend with

acounterc1330

bargainc1375

battlec1399

rencontre1455

field1529

pallc1540

cope with1582

combata1592

to grapple witha1616

to give against ——1646

fight1697

contest1764

1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 6 Yet these each other's power so strong contest, That either seems destructive of the rest.

c. with cognate object.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed encounter > contending in battle > fight (a battle, etc.) [verb (transitive)]

smitec1325

fighta1400

strike1487

contest1614

1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. xiii. §8. 439 The Warre, as before time they had contested with Gideon.

1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India I. v. iii. 533 It was better contested than might have been expected from the unequal skill of the generals.

8. intransitive. To contend in rivalry, vie, compete (with).

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > compete with [verb (transitive)]

couple1477

envy1509

contend1577

counterscore1577

paragona1586

corrive1586

emulate1586

emule1595

corrival1601

vie1602

rival1607

vie1607

contesta1616

antagonize1634

cope with1651

to break a lance with1862

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iv. v. 111 I..do contest As hotly, and as Nobly with thy Loue, As euer in Ambitious strength, I did Contend against thy Valour.

1725 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. iv. 93 Of man, who dares in pomp with Jove contest.

a. transitive. To contend for in emulation.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > compete with [verb (transitive)] > compete for

to make strife1530

dispute1655

contest1726

opposea1822

to race off1897

1726 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey V. xxi. 144 Accept the tryal, and the prize contest.

1832 R. Lander & J. Lander Jrnl. Exped. Niger I. vi. 244 The race was well contested.

1888 J. Morley Burke 16 That he contested Adam Smith's chair of moral philosophy at Glasgow along with Hume.

†b. To set in competition or rivalry. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1681 C. Cotton Wonders of Peake (1699) 13 A great transparent pillar..such a one as Nature does contest..With all the obelisks of antique Greece.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

n.¹1551

n.²1642

v.1579

单词	contest
释义	† contestn.¹ Etymology: apparently representing a medieval Latin contestis joint witness, < con-* together + testis witness. Obsolete. A joint witness. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > evidence > [noun] > a witness > a joint witness contest1551 1551 in Foxe A. & M. VI. 198 The said deponent, with his contest James Basset, spake with his grace in the gallery. 1563 in Foxe A. & M. VI. 713/1 What wordes and sentences they then herd, who was with them there as contests. 1602 T. Fitzherbert Apol. 13 a When the said evidence is not so manifest, two witnesses at least are required and the same to be contestes, that is..affirming one and the same thing.] This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021). contestn.² Brit. /ˈkɒntɛst/, U.S. /ˈkɑnˌtɛst/ Etymology: apparently < contest v. (and originally having the same stress); but compare modern French conteste, not in Cotgrave 1611, but quoted by Littré, in phrase sans conteste, from Molière 1654. 1. Strife in argument, keen controversy, dispute, debate, wordy war. †without contest: without dispute, incontestably. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > controversy, dispute, argument > [noun] pleac1275 distancec1325 stance14.. in controversyc1432 disceptation1447 disputation1489 disception1492 concertation1509 controversity1528 contending1561 fending and proving1583 digladiation?1591 bandying1599 contestation1602 controverting1610 wrangling1612 contesting1616 rixation1623 contestion1632 controversarya1635 contest1642 vitilitigation1647 ergoteering1687 sparring1755 hash1789 controversying1865 argle-bargle1872 wringle-wrangle1882 argy-bargy1887 polemicizing1948 va-et-vient1959 1642 J. Denham Cooper's Hill 5 Though this of old no less contest did move, Than when for Homers birth seven Cities strove. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 1189 And of thir vain contest appeer'd no end. View more context for this quotation 1707 E. Ward Hudibras Redivivus II. xii. 6 He was, without Contest, As grand a Rebel as the best. 1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 40. ⁋3 When the contest happens to rise high between men of genius and learning. 1780 W. Cowper Rep. Adjudged Case 1 Between Nose and Eyes a strange contest arose. 1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 161 Great contest follows, and much learned dust Involves the combatants. 2. Struggle for victory, for a desired object, or in defence; conflict, strife, contention. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > [noun] i-winc888 wrestlingc890 fightc1000 flitec1000 teenOE winOE ungrithlOE wara1200 cockingc1225 strife?c1225 strivingc1275 struta1300 barratc1300 thro1303 battlec1375 contentionc1384 tuggingc1440 militationa1460 sturtc1480 bargain1487 bargaining1489 distrifea1500 concertation1509 hold1523 conflict1531 ruffle1532 tangling1535 scamblingc1538 tuilyie1550 bustling1553 tilt1567 ruffling1570 wresting1570 certationc1572 pinglinga1578 reluctation1593 combating1594 yoking1594 bandying1599 tention1602 contrast1609 colluctation1611 contestationa1616 dimication1623 rixation1623 colluctance1625 decertation1635 conflicting1640 contrasto1645 dispute1647 luctation1651 contest1665 stickle1665 contra-colluctation1674 contrasting1688 struggle1706 yed1719 widdle1789 scrambling1792 cut and thrust1846 headbutting1869 push-and-pull1881 contending1882 thrust and parry1889 aggro1973 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 215 In the event of this Contest, it is very remarkable, that..there was not one considerable Ship lost. 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 26 He [Buckingham] was of a Courage not to be daunted, which was manifested..in his Contests with particular persons of the greatest reputation. 1780 E. Burke Speech declining Poll in Wks. III. 433 The worthy gentleman, who has been snatched from us at the moment of the election, and in the middle of the contest. 1797 R. Beilby & T. Bewick Hist. Brit. Birds I. 108 A contest..between the Cuckoos for possession of the nest. 1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) IV. 55 The assistance they could hope to receive from Athens in their contest with the enemy. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xv. 161 The dogs are carefully trained not to engage in contest with the bear. 3. Amicable conflict, as between competitors for a prize or distinction; competition. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > [noun] rivality1528 strife1530 envy1541 emulation1552 contention1576 pinglinga1578 countermatch1581 paragon1590 competency1594 corrivality1598 rivalry1598 concurrence1603 contestation1603 competitiona1608 rivalling1607 concurrency1609 strift1612 corrivalry1614 rivalty1631 contest1648 corrivalty1649 coping1678 co-rivalry1835 rivalism1850 society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > [noun] > a contest or competition match1531 goala1555 vie1568 skirmish1576 rencounter1594 drop-vie1598 duellism1602 duello1606 bout1609 duel1613 competition1618 matcha1637 tournament1638 contest1648 rencontre1667 pingle?1719 sprawla1813 go1823 bet1843 bucklea1849 comp1929 cook-off1936 title race1948 1648 R. Crashaw Steps to Temple (ed. 2) 4 O sweet contest of woes With loves, and tears, with smiles disputing. 1752 S. Johnson Rambler No. 205. ⁋6 As the evening approached, the contest [for prizes] grew more earnest. 1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) IV. 421 Many of the late competitors returned to the contest. 1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues IV. 79 In musical contests there shall be one set of judges of solo singing or playing. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). contestv. Brit. /kənˈtɛst/, /ˈkɒntɛst/, U.S. /kənˈtɛst/ Etymology: < French contester ‘to call or take to witnesse, make an earnest protestation or complaint vnto; also to brable, argue, debate a matter with; also to denie, gainesay, contest against’ (Cotgrave 1611), = Italian contestare ‘to strive, debate’ (Florio 1598), Provençal contestar, Spanish contestar. The original source is Latin contestārī to take or call to witness ( < con- + testārī to be a witness, bear witness, < testis a witness); thence the legal phrase contestārī lītem, to introduce a lawsuit by calling witnesses, to bring an action; whence the modern sense. The French verb appears to have taken its senses partly from the original Latin, and partly from the Italian; and is followed in both by the English. I. Senses connected with Latin contestārī to take to witness. Obsolete. †1. transitive. To assert or confirm with the witness of an oath, to swear to (a fact or statement). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > assurance, confirmation, or guarantee > assure, confirm, or guarantee [verb (transitive)] > by oath swear1377 contest1579 the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > attest, bear witness [verb (transitive)] > support, corroborate > by oath, etc. swear1377 contest1579 attest1665 1579 J. Stubbs Discouerie Gaping Gulf sig. Dij^v Oathes and sworn promises contested at theyr high altar of their masse. 1613 T. Heywood Brazen Age i, in Wks. (1874) III. 174 As we are Oeneus the Ætolians King... So we contest we make her here the prize Of the proud victor. †2. To witness to, attest; to bear corroborative testimony to; to attest along with another. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > attest, bear witness [verb (transitive)] > jointly contest1604 co-attesta1711 1604 M. Drayton Moyses i. 13 For thy faire browe apparently contests The currant stampe of a cleane nuptiall bed. 1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. xxxvii. 89 The oath of the party suspected, and the concurrent testimony of other men: the first attesting his own innocency, the other contesting their consciences of the truth of the former testimony. †3. a. To call to witness, take to witness, adjure; to address with a solemn appeal, charge, etc. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > appeal to or invoke > to bear witness or confirm teemOE protest1555 contest1610 invoke1851 1610 Bible (Douay) II. Psalms lxxx. 9 Heare o my people: and I wil contest thee. 1611 Bible (King James) Exod. xix. 21 And the Lord said vnto Moses, Goe downe, charge [margin., Heb. contest] the people. View more context for this quotation 1621 H. Ainsworth Annot. Five Bks. Moses, Bk. Psalmes & Song of Songs (1639) 69 Paul used to Contest (or charge) before God and His Angels. †b. intransitive. To bear witness, ‘testify’, make a solemn appeal or protest. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > assertion or affirmation > [verb (intransitive)] protesta1486 assertionate1593 aver1599 contest1607 asseverate1807 gage1811 predicate1828 pose1840 to take one's dick1861 to stick up1876 the mind > language > speech > request > make a request [verb (intransitive)] > beseech or implore beseech?c1225 praya1250 plead1340 pursuec1390 implore?a1513 perplead1581 entreat1593 beg1598 oratec1600 contest1607 deprecate1626 imprecatea1645 obtest1650 prig1700 special-plead1814 plea1868 1607 R. Parker Scholasticall Disc. against Antichrist ii. v. 35 Ioab displeaseth Dauid, when he contesteth against the numbring of the people. 1610 Bible (Douay) II. Amos iii. 13 Heare ye, and contest in the house of Jacob, sayth our Lord. II. Senses originating in Latin contestārī lītem. 4. intransitive. To contend or strive (with or against) in argument; to dispute or debate keenly, wrangle. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > controversy, dispute, argument > contend, dispute, argue [verb (intransitive)] flitec900 witherc1000 disputea1225 pleadc1275 strive1320 arguec1374 tolyc1440 toilc1450 wrestlec1450 altercate1530 disagree1534 dissent1538 contend1539 controvert1563 wrangle?1570 contestate?1572 to fend and prove?1578 contest1603 vie1604 controverse1605 discept1639 ergot1653 digladiatea1656 misprove1662 spar1698 argufy1804 spat1809 to cross swords1816 argle1823 to bandy words1828 polemize1828 controversialize1841 caffle1851 polemicize1881 ergotize1883 argy-bargy1887 cag1919 snack1956 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 53 To argue and refute him by arguments contending and contesting against that which hath beene said. 1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts ii. 317 Jannes and Jambres..resisted Moses and contested with him, in the message that he brought from God. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 756 Inexplicable Thy Justice seems; yet to say truth, too late, I thus contest . View more context for this quotation 1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth i. i. 5 The difficulty or obscurity of an argument, that does but add to the pleasure of contesting with it, when there are hopes of victory. 1829 R. Southey Sir Thomas More I. 349 He dared not contest obstinately against persons of quality, who would be offended by his discourse. 5. transitive. To argue or debate (a point, etc.); to argue against, dispute, controvert, call in question. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > objection > object [verb (transitive)] > dispute or call in question traversea1325 challengec1386 disputea1535 quarrel1548 contestate?1572 to controverse in question1602 question1613 tax1614 contest1663 to call upon ——1746 the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > putting forward for discussion > put forward [verb (transitive)] > attack with arguments objectc1460 assaila1500 assault1551 wring1567 contestate?1572 question1613 join1632 contest1663 concert1689 1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 107 Can such a one contest the Divine decree. 1697 K. Chetwood Pref. to Pastorals in J. Dryden tr. Virgil Wks. sig. ***2^v A fifth Rule, (which one may hope will not be contested). 1752 J. Jortin Remarks Eccl. Hist.* II. 9 The excellence of Christian morality will not be contested by fair and candid adversaries. 1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) I. 339 He contested the right of the pope to dispense them. 1859 J. S. Mill On Liberty ii. 37 With every opportunity for contesting it, it has not been refuted. 6. intransitive. To strive or contend (in a general sense). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > contend [verb (intransitive)] winc888 fightc900 flitec900 wraxlec1000 wrestlea1200 cockc1225 conteckc1290 strivec1290 struta1300 topc1305 to have, hold, make, take strifec1374 stightlea1375 debatec1386 batea1400 strugglec1412 hurlc1440 ruffle1440 warc1460 warslea1500 pingle?a1513 contend1529 repugn1529 scruggle1530 sturtc1535 tuga1550 broilc1567 threap1572 yoke1581 bustle1585 bandy1594 tilt1595 combat1597 to go (also shake, try, wrestle) a fall1597 mutiny1597 militate1598 combatizec1600 scuffle1601 to run (or ride) a-tilt1608 wage1608 contesta1618 stickle1625 conflict1628 stickle1647 dispute1656 fence1665 contrast1672 scramble1696 to battle it1715 rug1832 grabble1835 buffet1839 tussle1862 pickeer1892 passage1895 tangle1928 a1618 W. Raleigh Remains (1644) 73 Have we not the Kings eares, who dares contest with us? a1645 W. Browne tr. M. Le Roy Hist. Polexander (1647) v. i. 293 Contest no more against what is just, and be not guilty of your owne death. a1711 T. Ken Preparatives for Death in Wks. (1721) IV. 38 Tell me how we best With Trouble and Temptation may contest. 1733 A. Pope Ess. Man iii. 303 For Forms of Government let Fools contest. 1863 J. Ruskin Munera Pulveris (1880) 132 No form of government..is, as such, to be either condemned or praised, or contested for in any~wise, but by fools. 7. a. transitive. To contend, struggle, or fight for; to dispute with arms. ΚΠ a1626 F. Bacon Polit. Fables ix The matter was contested by single combat. 1818 R. Southey Funeral Song Princess Charlotte Mournful was that Edward's fame, Won in fields contested well. 1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) II. x. 480 Every defensible spot of ground was stoutly contested by the Britons. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People ii. §4. 77 There was none of the house of Godwine to contest the crown. b. To oppose with arms, fight against. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed encounter > contending in battle > fight (a battle, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > contend with acounterc1330 bargainc1375 battlec1399 rencontre1455 field1529 pallc1540 cope with1582 combata1592 to grapple witha1616 to give against ——1646 fight1697 contest1764 1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 6 Yet these each other's power so strong contest, That either seems destructive of the rest. c. with cognate object. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed encounter > contending in battle > fight (a battle, etc.) [verb (transitive)] smitec1325 fighta1400 strike1487 contest1614 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. xiii. §8. 439 The Warre, as before time they had contested with Gideon. 1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India I. v. iii. 533 It was better contested than might have been expected from the unequal skill of the generals. 8. intransitive. To contend in rivalry, vie, compete (with). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > compete with [verb (transitive)] couple1477 envy1509 contend1577 counterscore1577 paragona1586 corrive1586 emulate1586 emule1595 corrival1601 vie1602 rival1607 vie1607 contesta1616 antagonize1634 cope with1651 to break a lance with1862 a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iv. v. 111 I..do contest As hotly, and as Nobly with thy Loue, As euer in Ambitious strength, I did Contend against thy Valour. View more context for this quotation 1725 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. iv. 93 Of man, who dares in pomp with Jove contest. 9. a. transitive. To contend for in emulation. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > compete with [verb (transitive)] > compete for to make strife1530 dispute1655 contest1726 opposea1822 to race off1897 1726 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey V. xxi. 144 Accept the tryal, and the prize contest. 1832 R. Lander & J. Lander Jrnl. Exped. Niger I. vi. 244 The race was well contested. 1888 J. Morley Burke 16 That he contested Adam Smith's chair of moral philosophy at Glasgow along with Hume. †b. To set in competition or rivalry. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1681 C. Cotton Wonders of Peake (1699) 13 A great transparent pillar..such a one as Nature does contest..With all the obelisks of antique Greece. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.¹1551n.²1642v.1579
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