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单词 agrest
释义

agrestadj.n.

Forms: late Middle English agreste, late Middle English–1800s agrest.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French agreste; Latin agrestis.
Etymology: < (i) Middle French agreste (French agreste ) (noun) peasant, country person (1210 in Old French), (adjective) rural, rustic (c1220), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin agrestis (adjective) of or relating to a field or fields, (of plants) grown in the fields, (of animals) living in the fields, characteristic of the countryside, rustic, rural, (of animals or plants) wild, (of people or their behaviour) coarse, uncivilized, unsophisticated, simple, (as noun) country person, rustic, peasant < agr- , ager field (see acre n.) + -estris, suffix forming adjectives, with dissimilatory loss of -r-. Compare Catalan agrest (13th cent.), Spanish agreste (c1275; compare also †agresto (2nd half of the 14th cent.)), Portuguese agreste (a1515), Italian agreste (end of the 13th cent.; compare also agresto, adjective (1305–6) and noun (a1347)).Compare Middle English agresta , wiyn agrestis , wyn agreste denoting verjuice, after Middle French aigrest , agrest verjuice (12th cent. in Old French as aigret ) and post-classical Latin agresta verjuice (from 13th cent. in British sources). Compare later vinaigrette n.
Obsolete.
A. adj.
1. Belonging to the fields; uncultivated, wild; = agrestial adj.; (hence) inferior, coarse.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > bad taste > lack of refinement > [adjective] > coarse
agrest?1440
robust1511
roynish1570
sowish1570
lubberlike1572
lubberly1580
ordinarya1586
roborean1656
porcine1660
coarse1680
crude1722
low1725
piggish1742
coarse-graineda1774
crass1861
coarse-fibred1872
barnyard1895
farmyard1911
rough as guts1919
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) xi. l. 324 (MED) The bay of myrte agrest [L. myrti agrestis].
a1706 J. Evelyn Elysium Brit. (2001) ii. 324 They produce onely wild and agrest fruite,..& that not till 12. or 15. yeares.
1775 J. Ash New Dict. Eng. Lang. Agrest (not much used) belonging to the fields.
2. Rural, rustic; spec. (in negative sense) uncouth, uncivilized, rough; (in positive sense) unsophisticated, simple. archaic and literary in later use.Cf. agrestic adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > bad taste > lack of refinement > [adjective] > homely or rustic
homelya1387
uplandisha1387
hamald?a1400
rustical1483
agrestc1550
fustianc1550
homespun1590
russet1598
agrestic1617
raplocha1628
Adamitic1656
russet-coated1683
rustic1738
turnipy1792
countrified1875
corny1932
bakya1960
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > country as opposed to town > [adjective]
fieldena1425
rustic?1440
citylessc1450
champestrea1492
rural?a1500
rustical1542
agrestc1550
predial1592
champestrial1612
agrestic1617
agrestical1623
agrested1650
upland1654
countrified1756
agrestian1812
country1827
mofussil1828
agrestial1840
landward1844
bucolic1846
out-country1939
land-bound1972
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [adjective] > ill-mannered > unrefined
boistousc1300
untheweda1325
uplandisha1387
unaffiled1390
rudea1393
knavishc1405
peoplisha1425
clubbedc1440
blunt1477
lob?1507
robust1511
borel1513
carterly1519
clubbish1530
rough?1531
rustical?1532
incondite1539
agrestc1550
rusticc1550
brute1555
lobcocka1556
loutisha1556
carterlike1561
boorish1562
ruggedc1565
lobbish1567
loutlike1567
sowish1570
clownish1581
unrefined1582
impolished1583
homespun1590
transalpinea1592
swaddish1593
unpolished1594
untutored1595
swabberly1596
tartarous1602
porterly1603
lobcocked1606
lob-like1606
cluster-fisted1611
agrestic1617
inurbane1623
unelevated1627
incult1628
unbrushed1640
vulgar1643
unhewed1644
unsmooth1648
hirsute1658
loutardly1658
unhewn1659
roughsome?c1660
sordid1668
inhumanea1680
coarse1699
brutal1709
ramgunshoch1721
tramontane1740
uncouth1740
no-nationa1756
unurbane1760
turnipy1792
rudas1802
common1804
cubbish1819
clodhopping1828
vulgarian1833
cloddish1844
unkempt1846
bush1851
vulgarish1860
rodney1866
crude1876
ignorant1886
yobby1910
nekulturny1932
oikish1959
yobbish1966
ocker1972
down and dirty1977
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) Prol. 13 To support & til excuse my barbir agrest termis.
1563 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments 1546/2 By whose vnmercifull nature and agrest disposition very many were put to death.
1615 T. Jackson Justifying Faith ii. ii. 148 To be brought vp in a Princes court..and still to retaine..rude affections, and seruile conditions, doth argue a nature more agrest, then the same qualities would in such as had all their life time followed the plough.
1668 J. Howe Blessednesse of Righteous xviii. 300 How is such a person devested by degrees of his rusticitio of his more uncomely and agrest manners?
1819 J. Keats Let. 22 Sept. (1958) II. 174 O that I could [write] something agrest rural, pleasant, fountain-vo[i]c'd.
1849 A. W. Fonblanque Life & Labours (1874) 233 Observe how a passage from the Margate adventure speaks the feelings of the agrest mind.
B. n.
A countryman. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > rustic or peasant
tillman940
churla1000
ploughman1223
bondmanc1250
bondc1275
ploughswain1296
countrymanc1300
boundec1320
Hobc1325
charla1400
landmana1400
Jack (John) Upland1402
carlc1405
bowerc1430
peasanta1450
rurala1475
agrest1480
bergier1480
carlleina1500
rustical?1532
ploughboy1544
boor1548
rusticc1550
kern1556
tillsman1561
clown1563
Jocka1568
Jock upalanda1568
John Uponlanda1568
russet coat1568
rustican1570
hind?1577
swain1579
Corydon1581
mountain man1587
Phillis1589
sylvan1589
russeting1597
Joan1598
stubble boy1598
paysan1609
carlota1616
swainling1615
raiyat1625
contadino1630
under-swaina1644
high shoe1647
boorinn1649
Bonhomme1660
high-shoon-man1664
countrywoman1679
villan1685
russet gown1694
ruralist1739
paysanne1748
bauer1799
bonderman1804
bodach1830
contadina1835
agrestian1837
peasantess1841
country jake1845
rufus1846
bonder1848
hayseed1851
bucolic1862
agricole1882
country jay1888
child (son, etc.) of the soil1891
hillbilly1900
palouser1903
kisan1935
woop woop1936
swede-basher1943
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > peasant or rustic > [noun]
churlc1275
Hobc1325
Hodgec1386
charla1400
carlc1405
peasanta1450
hoggler1465
agrest1480
hoggener1488
rustical?1532
boor1548
rusticc1550
kern1556
clown1563
Jocka1568
John Uponlanda1568
russet coat1568
rustican1570
hind?1577
Corydon1581
gaffer1589
gran1591
russeting1597
dunghill1608
hog rubber1611
carlota1616
high shoe1647
Bonhomme1660
high-shoon-man1664
cot1695
ruralist1739
Johnnya1774
Harry1796
bodach1830
bucolic1862
cafone1872
bogman1891
country bookie1904
desi1907
middle peasant1929
woodchuck1931
swede-basher1943
moegoe1953
shit-kicker1961
1480 W. Caxton tr. Ovid Metamorphoses xv. iv Th' agrestes that see thenne th' erbes & grasse enjoyen them.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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adj.n.?1440
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