† agrestadj.n.

Forms: late Middle English agreste, late Middle English–1800s agrest.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French agreste; Latin agrestis.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French agreste (French agreste ) (noun) peasant, country person (1210 in Old French), (adjective) rural, rustic (c1220), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin agrestis (adjective) of or relating to a field or fields, (of plants) grown in the fields, (of animals) living in the fields, characteristic of the countryside, rustic, rural, (of animals or plants) wild, (of people or their behaviour) coarse, uncivilized, unsophisticated, simple, (as noun) country person, rustic, peasant < agr- , ager field (see acre n.) + -estris, suffix forming adjectives, with dissimilatory loss of -r-. Compare Catalan agrest (13th cent.), Spanish agreste (c1275; compare also †agresto (2nd half of the 14th cent.)), Portuguese agreste (a1515), Italian agreste (end of the 13th cent.; compare also agresto, adjective (1305–6) and noun (a1347)).Compare Middle English agresta , wiyn agrestis , wyn agreste denoting verjuice, after Middle French aigrest , agrest verjuice (12th cent. in Old French as aigret ) and post-classical Latin agresta verjuice (from 13th cent. in British sources). Compare later vinaigrette n.

Obsolete.

A. adj.

1. Belonging to the fields; uncultivated, wild; = agrestial adj.; (hence) inferior, coarse.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > bad taste > lack of refinement > [adjective] > coarse

agrest?1440

robust1511

roynish1570

sowish1570

lubberlike1572

lubberly1580

ordinarya1586

roborean1656

porcine1660

coarse1680

crude1722

low1725

piggish1742

coarse-graineda1774

crass1861

coarse-fibred1872

barnyard1895

farmyard1911

rough as guts1919

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) xi. l. 324 (MED) The bay of myrte agrest [L. myrti agrestis].

a1706 J. Evelyn Elysium Brit. (2001) ii. 324 They produce onely wild and agrest fruite,..& that not till 12. or 15. yeares.

1775 J. Ash New Dict. Eng. Lang. Agrest (not much used) belonging to the fields.

2. Rural, rustic; spec. (in negative sense) uncouth, uncivilized, rough; (in positive sense) unsophisticated, simple. archaic and literary in later use.Cf. agrestic adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > bad taste > lack of refinement > [adjective] > homely or rustic

homelya1387

uplandisha1387

hamald?a1400

rustical1483

agrestc1550

fustianc1550

homespun1590

russet1598

agrestic1617

raplocha1628

Adamitic1656

russet-coated1683

rustic1738

turnipy1792

countrified1875

corny1932

bakya1960

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > country as opposed to town > [adjective]

fieldena1425

rustic?1440

citylessc1450

champestrea1492

rural?a1500

rustical1542

agrestc1550

predial1592

champestrial1612

agrestic1617

agrestical1623

agrested1650

upland1654

countrified1756

agrestian1812

country1827

mofussil1828

agrestial1840

landward1844

bucolic1846

out-country1939

land-bound1972

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [adjective] > ill-mannered > unrefined

boistousc1300

untheweda1325

uplandisha1387

unaffiled1390

rudea1393

knavishc1405

peoplisha1425

clubbedc1440

blunt1477

lob?1507

robust1511

borel1513

carterly1519

clubbish1530

rough?1531

rustical?1532

incondite1539

agrestc1550

rusticc1550

brute1555

lobcocka1556

loutisha1556

carterlike1561

boorish1562

ruggedc1565

lobbish1567

loutlike1567

sowish1570

clownish1581

unrefined1582

impolished1583

homespun1590

transalpinea1592

swaddish1593

unpolished1594

untutored1595

swabberly1596

tartarous1602

porterly1603

lobcocked1606

lob-like1606

cluster-fisted1611

agrestic1617

inurbane1623

unelevated1627

incult1628

unbrushed1640

vulgar1643

unhewed1644

unsmooth1648

hirsute1658

loutardly1658

unhewn1659

roughsome?c1660

sordid1668

inhumanea1680

coarse1699

brutal1709

ramgunshoch1721

tramontane1740

uncouth1740

no-nationa1756

unurbane1760

turnipy1792

rudas1802

common1804

cubbish1819

clodhopping1828

vulgarian1833

cloddish1844

unkempt1846

bush1851

vulgarish1860

rodney1866

crude1876

ignorant1886

yobby1910

nekulturny1932

oikish1959

yobbish1966

ocker1972

down and dirty1977

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) Prol. 13 To support & til excuse my barbir agrest termis.

1563 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments 1546/2 By whose vnmercifull nature and agrest disposition very many were put to death.

1615 T. Jackson Justifying Faith ii. ii. 148 To be brought vp in a Princes court..and still to retaine..rude affections, and seruile conditions, doth argue a nature more agrest, then the same qualities would in such as had all their life time followed the plough.

1668 J. Howe Blessednesse of Righteous xviii. 300 How is such a person devested by degrees of his rusticitio of his more uncomely and agrest manners?

1819 J. Keats Let. 22 Sept. (1958) II. 174 O that I could [write] something agrest rural, pleasant, fountain-vo[i]c'd.

1849 A. W. Fonblanque Life & Labours (1874) 233 Observe how a passage from the Margate adventure speaks the feelings of the agrest mind.

B. n.

A countryman. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > rustic or peasant

tillman940

churla1000

ploughman1223

bondmanc1250

bondc1275

ploughswain1296

countrymanc1300

boundec1320

Hobc1325

charla1400

landmana1400

Jack (John) Upland1402

carlc1405

bowerc1430

peasanta1450

rurala1475

agrest1480

bergier1480

carlleina1500

rustical?1532

ploughboy1544

boor1548

rusticc1550

kern1556

tillsman1561

clown1563

Jocka1568

Jock upalanda1568

John Uponlanda1568

russet coat1568

rustican1570

hind?1577

swain1579

Corydon1581

mountain man1587

Phillis1589

sylvan1589

russeting1597

Joan1598

stubble boy1598

paysan1609

carlota1616

swainling1615

raiyat1625

contadino1630

under-swaina1644

high shoe1647

boorinn1649

Bonhomme1660

high-shoon-man1664

countrywoman1679

villan1685

russet gown1694

ruralist1739

paysanne1748

bauer1799

bonderman1804

bodach1830

contadina1835

agrestian1837

peasantess1841

country jake1845

rufus1846

bonder1848

hayseed1851

bucolic1862

agricole1882

country jay1888

child (son, etc.) of the soil1891

hillbilly1900

palouser1903

kisan1935

woop woop1936

swede-basher1943

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > peasant or rustic > [noun]

churlc1275

Hobc1325

Hodgec1386

charla1400

carlc1405

peasanta1450

hoggler1465

agrest1480

hoggener1488

rustical?1532

boor1548

rusticc1550

kern1556

clown1563

Jocka1568

John Uponlanda1568

russet coat1568

rustican1570

hind?1577

Corydon1581

gaffer1589

gran1591

russeting1597

dunghill1608

hog rubber1611

carlota1616

high shoe1647

Bonhomme1660

high-shoon-man1664

cot1695

ruralist1739

Johnnya1774

Harry1796

bodach1830

bucolic1862

cafone1872

bogman1891

country bookie1904

desi1907

middle peasant1929

woodchuck1931

swede-basher1943

moegoe1953

shit-kicker1961

1480 W. Caxton tr. Ovid Metamorphoses xv. iv Th' agrestes that see thenne th' erbes & grasse enjoyen them.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	agrest
释义	† agrestadj.n. Forms: late Middle English agreste, late Middle English–1800s agrest. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French agreste; Latin agrestis. Etymology: < (i) Middle French agreste (French agreste ) (noun) peasant, country person (1210 in Old French), (adjective) rural, rustic (c1220), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin agrestis (adjective) of or relating to a field or fields, (of plants) grown in the fields, (of animals) living in the fields, characteristic of the countryside, rustic, rural, (of animals or plants) wild, (of people or their behaviour) coarse, uncivilized, unsophisticated, simple, (as noun) country person, rustic, peasant < agr- , ager field (see acre n.) + -estris, suffix forming adjectives, with dissimilatory loss of -r-. Compare Catalan agrest (13th cent.), Spanish agreste (c1275; compare also †agresto (2nd half of the 14th cent.)), Portuguese agreste (a1515), Italian agreste (end of the 13th cent.; compare also agresto, adjective (1305–6) and noun (a1347)).Compare Middle English agresta , wiyn agrestis , wyn agreste denoting verjuice, after Middle French aigrest , agrest verjuice (12th cent. in Old French as aigret ) and post-classical Latin agresta verjuice (from 13th cent. in British sources). Compare later vinaigrette n. Obsolete. A. adj. 1. Belonging to the fields; uncultivated, wild; = agrestial adj.; (hence) inferior, coarse. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > bad taste > lack of refinement > [adjective] > coarse agrest?1440 robust1511 roynish1570 sowish1570 lubberlike1572 lubberly1580 ordinarya1586 roborean1656 porcine1660 coarse1680 crude1722 low1725 piggish1742 coarse-graineda1774 crass1861 coarse-fibred1872 barnyard1895 farmyard1911 rough as guts1919 tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) xi. l. 324 (MED) The bay of myrte agrest [L. myrti agrestis]. a1706 J. Evelyn Elysium Brit. (2001) ii. 324 They produce onely wild and agrest fruite,..& that not till 12. or 15. yeares. 1775 J. Ash New Dict. Eng. Lang. Agrest (not much used) belonging to the fields. 2. Rural, rustic; spec. (in negative sense) uncouth, uncivilized, rough; (in positive sense) unsophisticated, simple. archaic and literary in later use.Cf. agrestic adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > bad taste > lack of refinement > [adjective] > homely or rustic homelya1387 uplandisha1387 hamald?a1400 rustical1483 agrestc1550 fustianc1550 homespun1590 russet1598 agrestic1617 raplocha1628 Adamitic1656 russet-coated1683 rustic1738 turnipy1792 countrified1875 corny1932 bakya1960 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > country as opposed to town > [adjective] fieldena1425 rustic?1440 citylessc1450 champestrea1492 rural?a1500 rustical1542 agrestc1550 predial1592 champestrial1612 agrestic1617 agrestical1623 agrested1650 upland1654 countrified1756 agrestian1812 country1827 mofussil1828 agrestial1840 landward1844 bucolic1846 out-country1939 land-bound1972 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [adjective] > ill-mannered > unrefined boistousc1300 untheweda1325 uplandisha1387 unaffiled1390 rudea1393 knavishc1405 peoplisha1425 clubbedc1440 blunt1477 lob?1507 robust1511 borel1513 carterly1519 clubbish1530 rough?1531 rustical?1532 incondite1539 agrestc1550 rusticc1550 brute1555 lobcocka1556 loutisha1556 carterlike1561 boorish1562 ruggedc1565 lobbish1567 loutlike1567 sowish1570 clownish1581 unrefined1582 impolished1583 homespun1590 transalpinea1592 swaddish1593 unpolished1594 untutored1595 swabberly1596 tartarous1602 porterly1603 lobcocked1606 lob-like1606 cluster-fisted1611 agrestic1617 inurbane1623 unelevated1627 incult1628 unbrushed1640 vulgar1643 unhewed1644 unsmooth1648 hirsute1658 loutardly1658 unhewn1659 roughsome?c1660 sordid1668 inhumanea1680 coarse1699 brutal1709 ramgunshoch1721 tramontane1740 uncouth1740 no-nationa1756 unurbane1760 turnipy1792 rudas1802 common1804 cubbish1819 clodhopping1828 vulgarian1833 cloddish1844 unkempt1846 bush1851 vulgarish1860 rodney1866 crude1876 ignorant1886 yobby1910 nekulturny1932 oikish1959 yobbish1966 ocker1972 down and dirty1977 c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) Prol. 13 To support & til excuse my barbir agrest termis. 1563 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments 1546/2 By whose vnmercifull nature and agrest disposition very many were put to death. 1615 T. Jackson Justifying Faith ii. ii. 148 To be brought vp in a Princes court..and still to retaine..rude affections, and seruile conditions, doth argue a nature more agrest, then the same qualities would in such as had all their life time followed the plough. 1668 J. Howe Blessednesse of Righteous xviii. 300 How is such a person devested by degrees of his rusticitio of his more uncomely and agrest manners? 1819 J. Keats Let. 22 Sept. (1958) II. 174 O that I could [write] something agrest rural, pleasant, fountain-vo[i]c'd. 1849 A. W. Fonblanque Life & Labours (1874) 233 Observe how a passage from the Margate adventure speaks the feelings of the agrest mind. B. n. A countryman. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > rustic or peasant tillman940 churla1000 ploughman1223 bondmanc1250 bondc1275 ploughswain1296 countrymanc1300 boundec1320 Hobc1325 charla1400 landmana1400 Jack (John) Upland1402 carlc1405 bowerc1430 peasanta1450 rurala1475 agrest1480 bergier1480 carlleina1500 rustical?1532 ploughboy1544 boor1548 rusticc1550 kern1556 tillsman1561 clown1563 Jocka1568 Jock upalanda1568 John Uponlanda1568 russet coat1568 rustican1570 hind?1577 swain1579 Corydon1581 mountain man1587 Phillis1589 sylvan1589 russeting1597 Joan1598 stubble boy1598 paysan1609 carlota1616 swainling1615 raiyat1625 contadino1630 under-swaina1644 high shoe1647 boorinn1649 Bonhomme1660 high-shoon-man1664 countrywoman1679 villan1685 russet gown1694 ruralist1739 paysanne1748 bauer1799 bonderman1804 bodach1830 contadina1835 agrestian1837 peasantess1841 country jake1845 rufus1846 bonder1848 hayseed1851 bucolic1862 agricole1882 country jay1888 child (son, etc.) of the soil1891 hillbilly1900 palouser1903 kisan1935 woop woop1936 swede-basher1943 society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > peasant or rustic > [noun] churlc1275 Hobc1325 Hodgec1386 charla1400 carlc1405 peasanta1450 hoggler1465 agrest1480 hoggener1488 rustical?1532 boor1548 rusticc1550 kern1556 clown1563 Jocka1568 John Uponlanda1568 russet coat1568 rustican1570 hind?1577 Corydon1581 gaffer1589 gran1591 russeting1597 dunghill1608 hog rubber1611 carlota1616 high shoe1647 Bonhomme1660 high-shoon-man1664 cot1695 ruralist1739 Johnnya1774 Harry1796 bodach1830 bucolic1862 cafone1872 bogman1891 country bookie1904 desi1907 middle peasant1929 woodchuck1931 swede-basher1943 moegoe1953 shit-kicker1961 1480 W. Caxton tr. Ovid Metamorphoses xv. iv Th' agrestes that see thenne th' erbes & grasse enjoyen them. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.?1440
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