conjugationn.

/kɒndʒʊˈɡeɪʃən/

Etymology: < Latin conjugātiōn-em yoking together, connection, mingling, coupling of sexes, etymological relationship between words, noun of action from conjugāre to conjugate v. Compare French conjugaison (in 16th cent. also conjugation).

a. The action of joining together or uniting; the condition of being joined together; conjunction, union, combination.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > [noun]

conjunctionc1374

jointurec1374

juncture1589

conjugation1605

syntax1615

injunction1643

colligation1651

togetherness1656

conjuncture1665

junction1711

symphysy1712

conjointment1814

jointedness1881

symphysis1891

knit1892

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Vv2^v The doctrine of Coniugation of men in Socyety.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §103 In the Conjugation of Letters, whence Articulate Sounds proceed.

1660 Bp. J. Taylor Worthy Communicant i. iv. 74 The worthy receiving of the holy communion, is but one conjugation of holy actions and parts of repentance.

1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. i. 47 They are neither contained in those things before mentioned, nor can result from any συζυγίαι or Conjugations of them.

1824 C. Wordsworth Who wrote Εἰκὼν Βασιλική 151 A conjugation of labours, a joint authorship.

†b. A conjunction, combination, assemblage, united series. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being combined > [noun] > a combination

combination?1533

composition1556

composure1609

composture1614

compound1621

annexationa1626

conjugation1626

complexiona1637

composta1640

consistence1641

conferrumination1647

compositum1652

copulation1774

amalgam1790

amalgamation1828

combo1929

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > [noun] > product of joining > that which is joined together

conjunction?1541

conjugation1626

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §835 The Elements, and their Conjugations.

1660 Bp. J. Taylor Ductor Dubitantium I. i. ii It supposes daily heaps and conjugations of miracles.

1675 N. Grew Compar. Anat. Trunks i. i. 2 Some parcels in the figure of little specks.

1692 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. ii. 18 All the various Mixtures and Conjugations of Atoms.

1718 Mem. Life J. Kettlewell iii. §69 These were a Conjugation of probabilities.

c. Union in wedlock. (humorous.)

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > [noun] > union in

yokeOE

couplec1320

alliancec1325

unionc1475

accouplement1483

accouplinga1535

conjunction1541

coupling1641

conjuncture1679

conjugationc1783

c1783 W. Cowper Pairing Time 41 Dick heard: and tweedling, ogling, bridling..Attested, glad, his approbation Of an immediate conjugation.

†2.

a. Connection, relation, relationship. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > [noun]

yokeOE

relationa1398

respecta1398

report1523

society?1545

habitude1561

conjugation1605

necessitudea1626

attinency1632

dependencea1634

belonginga1648

respectiveness1650

nexure1652

synapsis1655

relative1657

rapport1660

proportion1664

schesis1678

relationship1724

appurtenance1846

relationality1866

interosculation1883

tie-up1927

tie-in1934

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Cc1^v The Simple Coniugations of Man and Wife; Parent, and Child, Maister and Seruant, which are in euery Cottage.

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Pp2 For the Art of Characters..it hath neerest coniugation with Grammar.

†b. The relation of words directly derived from the same root: see conjugate adj. 2. Obsolete. [ < Latin conjugātio.]

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > word-formation > [noun] > derivation > state of being derived from same word

conjugation1628

cognation1862

congruence1958

1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 141 All those that are of the same roote, Case, Coniugation, or ranke: as Iustice, Iust, Iustly, Strength, Strong, Strongly.

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Conjugation, a joyning together, a derivation of words of one kind.

3. Grammar.

a. A connected scheme of all the inflectional forms belonging to a verb; a division of the verbs of any language according to the general differences of inflection.A table of the series of ‘conjugate’ forms of a verb was called by the Greeks συζυγία, and this was in Commianus and Charisius, Latin grammarians of the 4th cent., rendered by the corresponding Latin term conjugatio. The former says ‘conjugationes quas Græci συζυγίας appellant, sunt apud nos tres’; the latter reckons 4, as in subsequent Latin grammars. (Charisius Inst. Gramm., ed. Keil, 168, 175.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > inflection > [noun] > conjugation > a conjugation

conjugationa1529

conjunction1578

a1529 J. Skelton Speke Parrot in Certayne Bks. (?1545) sig. A.v Can skantly the tensis, of his coniugacyons.

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum Pref. To know the coniugations: we haue set ouer (e) the infinitiue moode of the seconde coniugations, this circumflex (ê) as docêre, etc.

1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Introd. The examples of all the Coniugations declyned at length through all moods and tenses.

1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. vi. 61 They will by this meanes goe through all the coniugations.

1872 R. Morris Hist. Outl. Eng. Accidence (1879) 168 The verbs of the strong conjugation..form the past tense by a change of the root-vowel.

b. The setting forth (in speech or writing) of the various inflected forms of a verb, or of one of its moods, tenses, etc.; verbal inflection.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > inflection > [noun] > conjugation

conjugating1530

conjugation1530

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement Introd. 31 Conjugation is the dyvers alteryng of the last ende of a theme, by reason of these thre accidentes, mode, tens and declination personall.

1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Gram. sig. C^v A Coniugation is the course of declining a verbe, by mood and tense.

1795 L. Murray Eng. Gram. 45 The Conjugation of a verb is the regular combination and arrangement of its several numbers, persons, modes, and tenses.

1883 J. Parker Tyne Chylde 290 Faith..is not a transient mood in the conjugation of life's throbbing verb.

c. In the Semitic languages, the name given to the simple form, and to each of the derivative forms which express a modification of meaning such as is expressed in Aryan languages by derivative verbs and by the distinction of voice. Each of these has its full inflection for tense and person.In Hebrew, the conjugations normally belonging to a verb are seven, expressing 1. Simple Active, 2. Passive, 3. an Emphatic derivative, 4. its Passive, 5. Causative, 6. its Passive, 7. a Reflexive voice.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > inflection > [noun] > conjugation > in Semitic languages

conjugation1593

1526 Alphonsus Zamorensis Introd. Artis Gram. Hebraice ii. vii. sig. E2 Coniugationes verborum apud hebræos quattuor sunt.]

1593 J. Udall tr. P. Martinius Key Holy Tongue i. x. 45 Everie of these several verbs are declined thorow divers conjugations. The conjugation of a verb is either Levis or gravis.

1854 Arabic Reading Lessons (Bagster) p. xv There are thirteen forms or species of conjugation most of them having their passives, and every verb may be inflected according to one or more of them.

1859 Nicholls Samaritan Gram. (Bagster) 31 A Paradigm of a regular verb through its different conjugations.

†4.

a. Physiology. Each pair of the cerebral nerves. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > nervous system > nerve > specific nerves > [noun] > pairs of cranial nerves

conjugation1615

syzygy1681

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 701 The Auditory nerue, or the Nerue of the fifte Coniugation and that of the seauenth which mooueth the Tongue.

1696 J. Edwards Demonstr. Existence God ii. iv. 76 There are seven Pairs or Conjugations of them [nerves] for that Use.

1713 W. Derham Physico-theol. v. viii. 345 This Fifth Conjugation of Nerves is branched to the Ball, the Muscles and Glands of the Eye.

b. A group of conjoined parts. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > physical arrangement or condition > [noun] > arrangement in group or cluster

clustera1382

conjugation1578

rosette1831

pentamery1902

1578 J. Banister Hist. Man viii. f. 110^v The coniugations produced from Os sacrum..may be called..the sinewes of the feete.

1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 87 Dividing the whole body as it were into certain conjugations, of two, three, or more joynts.

a. Biology. The union or fusion of two (apparently) similar cells for reproduction, occurring in certain plants and animals of lowly organization.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > physical arrangement or condition > [noun] > union, junction, or attachment

coalescence?1541

insertion1578

coalition1605

suture1677

conjugation1843

1843 tr. J. Müller Elements Physiol. II. 1505 The process of Conjugation was first observed by O. Fr. Müller in the Confervæ.

1857 M. J. Berkeley Introd. Cryptogamic Bot. 126 The process of conjugation..The two frustules being brought near to each other by their concave surfaces, two little swellings arise in each, meeting two similar ones in the opposite frustule.

1859 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. V. 9/1 The combination of the contents of two cells..as in the process of conjugation.

1876 C. Darwin Effects Cross & Self Fertilisation Veg. Kingdom x. 409 The conjugation of the Algæ and some of the simplest animals is the first step towards sexual reproduction.

b. attributive, as in conjugation-body, conjugation-cell, conjugation-nucleus.

Draft additions 1993

d. Chemistry and Biochemistry. Chemical combination, esp. of large or dissimilar molecules which retain their identity.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical admixture or isolation > [noun] > chemical combination > conjugation

conjugation1855

1855 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 7 332 (heading) On the phenomenon of conjugation (Paarung), and the formulæ by which they are represented.

1863 Watts Dict. Chem. vii. 11 It would be well..if the idea of conjugation, as denoting any peculiar mode of chemical combination, were altogether banished from the science.

1914 J. A. Mandel tr. Hammarsten & Hedin Text-bk. Physiol. Chem. (ed. 7) xiv. 777 By conjugation with sulphuric acid, the alcohols which are otherwise readily oxidizable may be protected against combustion.

1924 T. B. Robertson Princ. Biochem. (ed. 2) xxiii. 663 The non-toxic phenols..are excreted without undergoing conjugation.

1974 R. Passmore & J. S. Robson Compan. Med. Stud. III. xx. 7 The exact defect is unknown but may lie in the transport of unconjugated bilirubin into the liver cell and possibly in its conjugation.

1982 J. F. van Pilsum in T. J. Devlin Textbk. Biochem. xxi. 1033 A large number of compounds are detoxified by conjugation reactions in the liver.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	conjugation
释义	conjugationn. /kɒndʒʊˈɡeɪʃən/ Etymology: < Latin conjugātiōn-em yoking together, connection, mingling, coupling of sexes, etymological relationship between words, noun of action from conjugāre to conjugate v. Compare French conjugaison (in 16th cent. also conjugation). 1. a. The action of joining together or uniting; the condition of being joined together; conjunction, union, combination. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > [noun] conjunctionc1374 jointurec1374 juncture1589 conjugation1605 syntax1615 injunction1643 colligation1651 togetherness1656 conjuncture1665 junction1711 symphysy1712 conjointment1814 jointedness1881 symphysis1891 knit1892 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Vv2^v The doctrine of Coniugation of men in Socyety. View more context for this quotation 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §103 In the Conjugation of Letters, whence Articulate Sounds proceed. 1660 Bp. J. Taylor Worthy Communicant i. iv. 74 The worthy receiving of the holy communion, is but one conjugation of holy actions and parts of repentance. 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. i. 47 They are neither contained in those things before mentioned, nor can result from any συζυγίαι or Conjugations of them. 1824 C. Wordsworth Who wrote Εἰκὼν Βασιλική 151 A conjugation of labours, a joint authorship. †b. A conjunction, combination, assemblage, united series. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being combined > [noun] > a combination combination?1533 composition1556 composure1609 composture1614 compound1621 annexationa1626 conjugation1626 complexiona1637 composta1640 consistence1641 conferrumination1647 compositum1652 copulation1774 amalgam1790 amalgamation1828 combo1929 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > [noun] > product of joining > that which is joined together conjunction?1541 conjugation1626 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §835 The Elements, and their Conjugations. 1660 Bp. J. Taylor Ductor Dubitantium I. i. ii It supposes daily heaps and conjugations of miracles. 1675 N. Grew Compar. Anat. Trunks i. i. 2 Some parcels in the figure of little specks. 1692 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. ii. 18 All the various Mixtures and Conjugations of Atoms. 1718 Mem. Life J. Kettlewell iii. §69 These were a Conjugation of probabilities. c. Union in wedlock. (humorous.) ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > [noun] > union in yokeOE couplec1320 alliancec1325 unionc1475 accouplement1483 accouplinga1535 conjunction1541 coupling1641 conjuncture1679 conjugationc1783 c1783 W. Cowper Pairing Time 41 Dick heard: and tweedling, ogling, bridling..Attested, glad, his approbation Of an immediate conjugation. †2. a. Connection, relation, relationship. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > [noun] yokeOE relationa1398 respecta1398 report1523 society?1545 habitude1561 conjugation1605 necessitudea1626 attinency1632 dependencea1634 belonginga1648 respectiveness1650 nexure1652 synapsis1655 relative1657 rapport1660 proportion1664 schesis1678 relationship1724 appurtenance1846 relationality1866 interosculation1883 tie-up1927 tie-in1934 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Cc1^v The Simple Coniugations of Man and Wife; Parent, and Child, Maister and Seruant, which are in euery Cottage. View more context for this quotation 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Pp2 For the Art of Characters..it hath neerest coniugation with Grammar. View more context for this quotation †b. The relation of words directly derived from the same root: see conjugate adj. 2. Obsolete. [ < Latin conjugātio.] ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > word-formation > [noun] > derivation > state of being derived from same word conjugation1628 cognation1862 congruence1958 1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 141 All those that are of the same roote, Case, Coniugation, or ranke: as Iustice, Iust, Iustly, Strength, Strong, Strongly. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Conjugation, a joyning together, a derivation of words of one kind. 3. Grammar. a. A connected scheme of all the inflectional forms belonging to a verb; a division of the verbs of any language according to the general differences of inflection.A table of the series of ‘conjugate’ forms of a verb was called by the Greeks συζυγία, and this was in Commianus and Charisius, Latin grammarians of the 4th cent., rendered by the corresponding Latin term conjugatio. The former says ‘conjugationes quas Græci συζυγίας appellant, sunt apud nos tres’; the latter reckons 4, as in subsequent Latin grammars. (Charisius Inst. Gramm., ed. Keil, 168, 175.) ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > inflection > [noun] > conjugation > a conjugation conjugationa1529 conjunction1578 a1529 J. Skelton Speke Parrot in Certayne Bks. (?1545) sig. A.v Can skantly the tensis, of his coniugacyons. 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum Pref. To know the coniugations: we haue set ouer (e) the infinitiue moode of the seconde coniugations, this circumflex (ê) as docêre, etc. 1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Introd. The examples of all the Coniugations declyned at length through all moods and tenses. 1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. vi. 61 They will by this meanes goe through all the coniugations. 1872 R. Morris Hist. Outl. Eng. Accidence (1879) 168 The verbs of the strong conjugation..form the past tense by a change of the root-vowel. b. The setting forth (in speech or writing) of the various inflected forms of a verb, or of one of its moods, tenses, etc.; verbal inflection. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > inflection > [noun] > conjugation conjugating1530 conjugation1530 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement Introd. 31 Conjugation is the dyvers alteryng of the last ende of a theme, by reason of these thre accidentes, mode, tens and declination personall. 1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Gram. sig. C^v A Coniugation is the course of declining a verbe, by mood and tense. 1795 L. Murray Eng. Gram. 45 The Conjugation of a verb is the regular combination and arrangement of its several numbers, persons, modes, and tenses. 1883 J. Parker Tyne Chylde 290 Faith..is not a transient mood in the conjugation of life's throbbing verb. c. In the Semitic languages, the name given to the simple form, and to each of the derivative forms which express a modification of meaning such as is expressed in Aryan languages by derivative verbs and by the distinction of voice. Each of these has its full inflection for tense and person.In Hebrew, the conjugations normally belonging to a verb are seven, expressing 1. Simple Active, 2. Passive, 3. an Emphatic derivative, 4. its Passive, 5. Causative, 6. its Passive, 7. a Reflexive voice. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > inflection > [noun] > conjugation > in Semitic languages conjugation1593 1526 Alphonsus Zamorensis Introd. Artis Gram. Hebraice ii. vii. sig. E2 Coniugationes verborum apud hebræos quattuor sunt.] 1593 J. Udall tr. P. Martinius Key Holy Tongue i. x. 45 Everie of these several verbs are declined thorow divers conjugations. The conjugation of a verb is either Levis or gravis. 1854 Arabic Reading Lessons (Bagster) p. xv There are thirteen forms or species of conjugation most of them having their passives, and every verb may be inflected according to one or more of them. 1859 Nicholls Samaritan Gram. (Bagster) 31 A Paradigm of a regular verb through its different conjugations. †4. a. Physiology. Each pair of the cerebral nerves. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > nervous system > nerve > specific nerves > [noun] > pairs of cranial nerves conjugation1615 syzygy1681 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 701 The Auditory nerue, or the Nerue of the fifte Coniugation and that of the seauenth which mooueth the Tongue. 1696 J. Edwards Demonstr. Existence God ii. iv. 76 There are seven Pairs or Conjugations of them [nerves] for that Use. 1713 W. Derham Physico-theol. v. viii. 345 This Fifth Conjugation of Nerves is branched to the Ball, the Muscles and Glands of the Eye. b. A group of conjoined parts. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > physical arrangement or condition > [noun] > arrangement in group or cluster clustera1382 conjugation1578 rosette1831 pentamery1902 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man viii. f. 110^v The coniugations produced from Os sacrum..may be called..the sinewes of the feete. 1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 87 Dividing the whole body as it were into certain conjugations, of two, three, or more joynts. 5. a. Biology. The union or fusion of two (apparently) similar cells for reproduction, occurring in certain plants and animals of lowly organization. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > physical arrangement or condition > [noun] > union, junction, or attachment coalescence?1541 insertion1578 coalition1605 suture1677 conjugation1843 1843 tr. J. Müller Elements Physiol. II. 1505 The process of Conjugation was first observed by O. Fr. Müller in the Confervæ. 1857 M. J. Berkeley Introd. Cryptogamic Bot. 126 The process of conjugation..The two frustules being brought near to each other by their concave surfaces, two little swellings arise in each, meeting two similar ones in the opposite frustule. 1859 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. V. 9/1 The combination of the contents of two cells..as in the process of conjugation. 1876 C. Darwin Effects Cross & Self Fertilisation Veg. Kingdom x. 409 The conjugation of the Algæ and some of the simplest animals is the first step towards sexual reproduction. b. attributive, as in conjugation-body, conjugation-cell, conjugation-nucleus. Draft additions 1993 d. Chemistry and Biochemistry. Chemical combination, esp. of large or dissimilar molecules which retain their identity. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical admixture or isolation > [noun] > chemical combination > conjugation conjugation1855 1855 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 7 332 (heading) On the phenomenon of conjugation (Paarung), and the formulæ by which they are represented. 1863 Watts Dict. Chem. vii. 11 It would be well..if the idea of conjugation, as denoting any peculiar mode of chemical combination, were altogether banished from the science. 1914 J. A. Mandel tr. Hammarsten & Hedin Text-bk. Physiol. Chem. (ed. 7) xiv. 777 By conjugation with sulphuric acid, the alcohols which are otherwise readily oxidizable may be protected against combustion. 1924 T. B. Robertson Princ. Biochem. (ed. 2) xxiii. 663 The non-toxic phenols..are excreted without undergoing conjugation. 1974 R. Passmore & J. S. Robson Compan. Med. Stud. III. xx. 7 The exact defect is unknown but may lie in the transport of unconjugated bilirubin into the liver cell and possibly in its conjugation. 1982 J. F. van Pilsum in T. J. Devlin Textbk. Biochem. xxi. 1033 A large number of compounds are detoxified by conjugation reactions in the liver. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1529
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