corneln.³

/ˈkɔːnəl/

Forms: Also 1500s–1600s cornell, corneill, corneil(e, 1600s cornill, cornoil(e, cornowlee.

Etymology: Apparently first in 16th cent. herbalists, in the compounds cornel tree, cornel berry, translating German cornel-, cornell-baum (16th cent. in Grimm), kornel-beere, apparently < Old High German cornulbaum, -beri, churnelbere, quirnilberi. According to Hildebrand, Kluge, etc., Old High German cornul, curnol was < medieval Latin cornolium (or ? cornolius) cornel-tree (in Du Cange). This medieval Latin seems to be formed on French cornouille (in 16th cent. cornoille, cornoaille) ‘cornel-cherry’, which Diez refers to a popular Latin *cornuculum (in plural *cornucula), diminutive of Latin cornum ‘cornel-cherry’, the fruit of the cornus or cornel-tree. The German kornelbaum is also the source of Danish korneltræ , Swedish kornelträd . Modern German has kornelle for the fruit. From French cornouille is derived Dutch kornoelje , whence Brereton's cornowlee (quot. a1661 at sense 1a). Variously formed derivatives of Latin cornus , cornum , and the adjective corneus , appear in corn-tree n., Old English corntreow, and Italian cornio, corniolo the tree, cornia, corniola the fruit (compare Picard dialect corgnolle, corniolle), obsolete French cornille the berry (Cotgrave), Spanish cornejo ( < corniculus), French cornier, cornouillier, cornel-tree.

a. English name of the botanical genus Cornus, of which the ancient writers and early herbalists distinguished two ‘sorts’, Cornus mas ‘male cornel’, and C. femina ‘female cornel’. The former was the cornel-tree (see Compounds) or cornelian cherry-tree, the tame cornel of Lyte ( C. mascula), a large shrub or low tree bearing edible fruit, a native of Southern Europe, sometimes cultivated in Britain; the latter was the cornel-bush, wild or common cornel, or dogwood ( C. sanguinea), a common hedge-row shrub in the south of England, of which the berries are not edible. dwarf cornel is a modern book-name of C. suecica, and in North America of C. canadensis. With other qualifying words the name is sometimes given to other species of Cornus, of which more than twenty are known.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > cornus (dogwood and allies) > [noun]

gaiterc1000

dog-tree1548

cornel1551

dogberry1551

prick tree1551

hound's-berry1578

hound's-tree1578

prick-timber tree1578

dwarf honeysuckle1597

dogwood1598

sanguine-rod1601

prickwood1691

bloody twig1759

rose willow1798

red osier1807

swamp dogwood1817

stone-berry?1838

bunch-berry1845

cornus1846

silky cornel1848

silky dogwood1900

pagoda tree1978

1551 [see cornel-tree n. at Compounds].

1589 A. Fleming tr. Virgil Georgiks ii. 31 in A. Fleming tr. Virgil Bucoliks The peare tree changed for to beare apples grafted thereon, And stonie cornells to wax red with damsens or with plums.

a1661 W. Brereton Trav. (1844) 45 Cornowlee makes an hedge like privett.

1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey III. x. 284 The Goddess..strows The fruits of cornel, as their feast.

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. xvi. 936 Or beech, or ash, or rugged cornel old.

1853 W. C. Bryant Poems (new ed.) 293 Where cornels arch their cool dark boughs o'er beds of winter-green.

1863 Life in South I. vi. 84 The abundant blossom of the cornel, or dogwood.

b. The fruit of the Cornel Tree, the Cornelian Cherry or Long Cherry, a fruit of the size and shape of an olive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > edible berries > cornel-berry

hoppe1499

cornel-berry1578

cornel-fruit1578

cornel1601

cornelian1625

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 448 Others turn red, as Mulberries, Cherries, and Cornoiles.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 449 Mulberries, Cherries, and Corneils, haue a sanguine and bloudie liquor.

1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xxii. 206 Kornils or Corneols are of a very astringent and binding taste.

1666 A. Brome tr. Horace Poems 244 Avidienus..would eat wild Cornels.

1855 R. C. Singleton tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. I. 109 And stony cornels crimson on the plums.

c. A javelin or shaft of cornel-wood. [Only translating Latin cornus, so used.]

1626 G. Sandys tr. Ovid Metamorphosis viii. 160 His heauy cornell with a head Of brasse, he hurles.

1859 R. C. Singleton tr. Virgil Aeneid xii, in tr. Virgil Wks. II. 496 A twang Emits the whirring corneil.

2. attributive or adj. Of cornel-wood. [After Latin corneus.]

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood of specific trees > [adjective] > specific fruit trees

lindena1000

cornel1671

1671 H. M. tr. Erasmus Colloquies 260 He had bought oaken ones, when there was need of Firr, or Cornel ones.

1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Palamon & Arcite iii, in Fables 59 Reclining on her Cornel Spear she stood.

1726 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xix. 509 His cornel spear Ulysses wav'd.

1803 R. Heber Palestine 24 Form the long line, and shake the cornel lance.

1868 W. Morris Earthly Paradise 107 To see the mighty cornel bow unstrung.

Compounds

cornel-tree n. the Cornelian cherry tree. (rarely = dogwood n.) Cf. sense 1.The earliest use of the word.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > trees or plants bearing stone fruit > cornelian cherry tree

corn-treea1000

cornylierc1490

hoppe1499

cornel-tree1551

cornelian1625

cornelian tree1626

corm1675

cornelian cherry1759

1551 W. Turner New Herball sig. M ij^v I heare say that ther is a Cornel tree at Hampton Courte here in Englande.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball vi. li. 725 There be two sortes of the Cornell tree..the tame and wilde.

1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique iii. xli. 507 The corneile tree which the Latins call Cornus..it would be planted or grafted after the manner of the ceruise tree.

1783 W. F. Martyn Geogr. Mag. 1 132 The trees most common in Persia are the plane tree..and the cornel-tree.

1879 S. H. Butcher & A. Lang tr. Homer Odyssey 161 Circe flung them acorns and mast and fruit of the cornel tree.

cornel-berry n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > edible berries > cornel-berry

hoppe1499

cornel-berry1578

cornel-fruit1578

cornel1601

cornelian1625

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. viii. 15 Like to a small Oliue or Cornell Berry.

a1862 H. D. Thoreau Maine Woods (1864) i. 59 The cornel, or bunch-berries, were very abundant.

cornel-fruit n. = 1b (Sometimes the fruit of other species of Cornus.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > edible berries > cornel-berry

hoppe1499

cornel-berry1578

cornel-fruit1578

cornel1601

cornelian1625

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball vi. li. 726 The Cornell fruite [of the garden]..is good against the laske.

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in Iliad & Odyssey II. x. 299 With acorns, chesnuts, and the cornel-fruit.

cornel-wood n. the wood of Cornus mascula, celebrated for its hardness and toughness, whence it was anciently in request for javelins, arrows, etc.: cf. 1c.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood of specific trees > [noun] > wood of fruit trees > others

service tree1545

cornel-wood1600

manchineel1683

bois d'arc1805

apple1815

crab-wood1849

peach wood1850

plum1902

persimmon1989

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. i. lvi. 39 A golden rod within a staffe of cornell wood.

1860 G. Rawlinson tr. Herodotus Hist. IV. vii. xcii. 83 For arms they had bows of cornel wood.

1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise I. i. 440 Within the towne of Rome there stood An image cut of cornel wood.

cornel-bush n. dogwood (or other shrubby species).

1829 J. L. Knapp Jrnl. Naturalist 389 The cornel bushes (cornus sanguinea) were decorating our hedges in..profusion.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

单词	cornel
释义	† corneln.¹ Forms: Also Middle English cornell(e, Middle English cornal(e. Etymology: Variant of carnel n.¹, kernel n.² Obsolete. A battlement, embrasure; = carnel n.¹, kernel n.² ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > defensive walls > [noun] > battlements > embrasure kernel?c1225 cornelc1300 carnelc1320 cornerc1400 vent1429 loop1477 crenel1481 gun-hole1532 spike1577 cannonery1598 spike-hole1598 casemate1611 porthole1637 skitegate1677 embrasure1702 crenelet1860 port1946 c1300 K. Alis. 7210 The touris to take, and the torellis, Vawtes, alouris, and the corneris [for cornellis]. c1325 Coer de L. 1842 Six stages ful of towrelles, Wel flourished with cornelles. c1440 Partonope 408 Wyth Towres and Cornellis so well ymade. c1440 Le Bone Florence 808 Florence lay in a cornell. 1602 in T. Stafford Pac. Hib. iii. vii. 308 Raise of a greater height that worke Captaine Tirrell made, betwixt the house and the cornell. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021). † corneln.² Etymology: < Old French cornal < late Latin cornāle corner, < Latin cornū , in Old French corn horn, corner. The origin of sense 2 is obscure. Obsolete or dialect. 1. Corner, angle (of a house, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > angularity > [noun] > angle or corner hirnec897 corner1340 cantlec1350 anglea1398 nooka1400 cornelc1420 coin1545 quoin1838 quain1868 society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > junction of roads, paths, or tracks > [noun] wayleetOE leetOE cornerc1384 cornelc1420 three-went way1787 infall1895 c1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 326 The side in longe upon the south thou sprede, The cornel ryse upon the winter sonne [L. in primo angulo excipiens ortum solis hyberni]. 1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 22 My cornell hous in the Cook-rowe. 1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 684 The flure..couerit full clene, Cummand fra the Cornellis closand quemely. 1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Cornel, an old word, signifying a corner. 1721 in N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. 1850 S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds 241/2 In the dialect of Herefordshire cornel still signifies a corner. 1879 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. Cornel, a corner. 2. (See quots.) ΚΠ c1490 Promptorium Parvulorum 93 (MS. H) Cornel, frontispicium. 1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Cornel..also the fore-part of a house. 1721 in N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021). corneln.³ /ˈkɔːnəl/ Forms: Also 1500s–1600s cornell, corneill, corneil(e, 1600s cornill, cornoil(e, cornowlee. Etymology: Apparently first in 16th cent. herbalists, in the compounds cornel tree, cornel berry, translating German cornel-, cornell-baum (16th cent. in Grimm), kornel-beere, apparently < Old High German cornulbaum, -beri, churnelbere, quirnilberi. According to Hildebrand, Kluge, etc., Old High German cornul, curnol was < medieval Latin cornolium (or ? cornolius) cornel-tree (in Du Cange). This medieval Latin seems to be formed on French cornouille (in 16th cent. cornoille, cornoaille) ‘cornel-cherry’, which Diez refers to a popular Latin cornuculum (in plural cornucula), diminutive of Latin cornum ‘cornel-cherry’, the fruit of the cornus or cornel-tree. The German kornelbaum is also the source of Danish korneltræ , Swedish kornelträd . Modern German has kornelle for the fruit. From French cornouille is derived Dutch kornoelje , whence Brereton's cornowlee (quot. a1661 at sense 1a). Variously formed derivatives of Latin cornus , cornum , and the adjective corneus , appear in corn-tree n., Old English corntreow, and Italian cornio, corniolo the tree, cornia, corniola the fruit (compare Picard dialect corgnolle, corniolle), obsolete French cornille the berry (Cotgrave), Spanish cornejo ( < corniculus), French cornier, cornouillier, cornel-tree. 1. a. English name of the botanical genus Cornus, of which the ancient writers and early herbalists distinguished two ‘sorts’, Cornus mas ‘male cornel’, and C. femina ‘female cornel’. The former was the cornel-tree (see Compounds) or cornelian cherry-tree, the tame cornel of Lyte ( C. mascula), a large shrub or low tree bearing edible fruit, a native of Southern Europe, sometimes cultivated in Britain; the latter was the cornel-bush, wild or common cornel, or dogwood ( C. sanguinea), a common hedge-row shrub in the south of England, of which the berries are not edible. dwarf cornel is a modern book-name of C. suecica, and in North America of C. canadensis. With other qualifying words the name is sometimes given to other species of Cornus, of which more than twenty are known. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > cornus (dogwood and allies) > [noun] gaiterc1000 dog-tree1548 cornel1551 dogberry1551 prick tree1551 hound's-berry1578 hound's-tree1578 prick-timber tree1578 dwarf honeysuckle1597 dogwood1598 sanguine-rod1601 prickwood1691 bloody twig1759 rose willow1798 red osier1807 swamp dogwood1817 stone-berry?1838 bunch-berry1845 cornus1846 silky cornel1848 silky dogwood1900 pagoda tree1978 1551 [see cornel-tree n. at Compounds]. 1589 A. Fleming tr. Virgil Georgiks ii. 31 in A. Fleming tr. Virgil Bucoliks The peare tree changed for to beare apples grafted thereon, And stonie cornells to wax red with damsens or with plums. a1661 W. Brereton Trav. (1844) 45 Cornowlee makes an hedge like privett. 1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey III. x. 284 The Goddess..strows The fruits of cornel, as their feast. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. xvi. 936 Or beech, or ash, or rugged cornel old. 1853 W. C. Bryant Poems (new ed.) 293 Where cornels arch their cool dark boughs o'er beds of winter-green. 1863 Life in South I. vi. 84 The abundant blossom of the cornel, or dogwood. b. The fruit of the Cornel Tree, the Cornelian Cherry or Long Cherry, a fruit of the size and shape of an olive. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > edible berries > cornel-berry hoppe1499 cornel-berry1578 cornel-fruit1578 cornel1601 cornelian1625 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 448 Others turn red, as Mulberries, Cherries, and Cornoiles. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 449 Mulberries, Cherries, and Corneils, haue a sanguine and bloudie liquor. 1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xxii. 206 Kornils or Corneols are of a very astringent and binding taste. 1666 A. Brome tr. Horace Poems 244 Avidienus..would eat wild Cornels. 1855 R. C. Singleton tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. I. 109 And stony cornels crimson on the plums. c. A javelin or shaft of cornel-wood. [Only translating Latin cornus, so used.] Π 1626 G. Sandys tr. Ovid Metamorphosis viii. 160 His heauy cornell with a head Of brasse, he hurles. 1859 R. C. Singleton tr. Virgil Aeneid xii, in tr. Virgil Wks. II. 496 A twang Emits the whirring corneil. 2. attributive or adj. Of cornel-wood. [After Latin corneus.] ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood of specific trees > [adjective] > specific fruit trees lindena1000 cornel1671 1671 H. M. tr. Erasmus Colloquies 260 He had bought oaken ones, when there was need of Firr, or Cornel ones. 1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Palamon & Arcite iii, in Fables 59 Reclining on her Cornel Spear she stood. 1726 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xix. 509 His cornel spear Ulysses wav'd. 1803 R. Heber Palestine 24 Form the long line, and shake the cornel lance. 1868 W. Morris Earthly Paradise 107 To see the mighty cornel bow unstrung. Compounds cornel-tree n. the Cornelian cherry tree. (rarely = dogwood n.) Cf. sense 1.The earliest use of the word. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > trees or plants bearing stone fruit > cornelian cherry tree corn-treea1000 cornylierc1490 hoppe1499 cornel-tree1551 cornelian1625 cornelian tree1626 corm1675 cornelian cherry1759 1551 W. Turner New Herball sig. M ij^v I heare say that ther is a Cornel tree at Hampton Courte here in Englande. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball vi. li. 725 There be two sortes of the Cornell tree..the tame and wilde. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique iii. xli. 507 The corneile tree which the Latins call Cornus..it would be planted or grafted after the manner of the ceruise tree. 1783 W. F. Martyn Geogr. Mag. 1 132 The trees most common in Persia are the plane tree..and the cornel-tree. 1879 S. H. Butcher & A. Lang tr. Homer Odyssey 161 Circe flung them acorns and mast and fruit of the cornel tree. cornel-berry n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > edible berries > cornel-berry hoppe1499 cornel-berry1578 cornel-fruit1578 cornel1601 cornelian1625 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. viii. 15 Like to a small Oliue or Cornell Berry. a1862 H. D. Thoreau Maine Woods (1864) i. 59 The cornel, or bunch-berries, were very abundant. cornel-fruit n. = 1b (Sometimes the fruit of other species of Cornus.) ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > edible berries > cornel-berry hoppe1499 cornel-berry1578 cornel-fruit1578 cornel1601 cornelian1625 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball vi. li. 726 The Cornell fruite [of the garden]..is good against the laske. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in Iliad & Odyssey II. x. 299 With acorns, chesnuts, and the cornel-fruit. cornel-wood n. the wood of Cornus mascula, celebrated for its hardness and toughness, whence it was anciently in request for javelins, arrows, etc.: cf. 1c. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood of specific trees > [noun] > wood of fruit trees > others service tree1545 cornel-wood1600 manchineel1683 bois d'arc1805 apple1815 crab-wood1849 peach wood1850 plum1902 persimmon1989 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. i. lvi. 39 A golden rod within a staffe of cornell wood. 1860 G. Rawlinson tr. Herodotus Hist. IV. vii. xcii. 83 For arms they had bows of cornel wood. 1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise I. i. 440 Within the towne of Rome there stood An image cut of cornel wood. cornel-bush n. dogwood (or other shrubby species). Π 1829 J. L. Knapp Jrnl. Naturalist 389 The cornel bushes (cornus sanguinea) were decorating our hedges in..profusion. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online September 2021). † corneln.⁴ Etymology: < corn n.¹ + -el suffix¹, diminutive suffix; compare cornel , an obsolete form of kernel n.¹ Obsolete. rare. A little grain, granule. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a piece or bit > a particle > hard and round cornc888 grainc1290 kernelc1450 cornel1590 sand1596 granule1652 kern1753 parvule1887 1590 T. Lodge Rosalynde: Euphues Golden Legacie sig. K4^v They were glad with Aesops Cocke to scrape for a barley cornell. 1659 T. Pecke Parnassi Puerperium 180 Nor shall she vend, a cornel of Bay-Salt. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.¹c1300n.²c1420n.³1551n.⁴1590
随便看	cloisonné enamel cloisons cloister clyfaker clyfaking clying clymacht clyme clynterand clype clypeal clypeaster clypeastroid clypeate clypeated clyped clypei clypeiform clypeiformous clypeo clypeo- clypeo-frontal clypeofrontal clypeola clypeolae

† corneln.1

† corneln.2

corneln.3

Compounds

† corneln.4

† corneln.¹

† corneln.²

corneln.³

† corneln.⁴