consumern.

c1425 Treat. Ten Commandments in Stud. Philol. (1910) 6 23 Loo ȝe deuilles portures & consumers of sustinans & wastures of ȝowre good in þe synne of glotone.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Mal. iii. 11 I shal reproue the consumer for youre sakes.

1626 T. Scott Sir Walter Rawleighs Ghost 22 Gondomar..Gazetist of State, one of the consumers of the King's purse.

1679 W. Penn Addr. Protestants 24 It is a great Consumer of Time.

1713 Sin Punished 13 Rioting, Gluttony, Drunkenness, and all sorts of Gaming, are Consumers of the Means and Estates of Men.

1794 G. Adams Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. II. xxi. 470 A destroyer, a consumer, and refiner of grossness.

1814 J. West Alicia de Lacy IV. 283 Harrowers of the soul and slow consumers of the body.

1825 E. Bulwer-Lytton Falkland 67 Your sleep is not turned..into the very consumer of life.

1858 C. Darwin Let. 23 Mar. in Corr. (1991) VII. 54 One of my lists..has been an immense consumer of time, & is not quite done.

1926 N. Gale Flight of Fancies 31 Hyacinths never were made To be carelessly murdered..By greedy consumers of loveliness.

1960 M. Burton Under Sea xi. 198 Another consumer of small prey is the ‘hatchet’ fish.

2001 Phoenix 55 69 Additional references to drinking and to eating appear..though we can not be sure that the consumers are women.

1692 J. Locke Some Considerations Lowering Interest 20 Money may be considered as in the hands of the Consumer, under which Name I here reckon the Merchant who buys the Commodity, when made, to export.

1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. Introd. 5 By the retailer to the last consumer.

1757 J. Harris Ess. Money & Coins 37 All men are in some degree consumers of foreign commodities.

1860 R. W. Emerson Wealth in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 75 Every man is a consumer, and ought to be a producer.

1897 Sears, Roebuck Catal. No. 104. 1 (heading) Consumers guide.

1923 H. Kyrk Theory of Consumption v. 112 Consumers are influenced by other forces than those set in motion by the merchants who have goods to sell.

1933 Planning 1 vii. 5 Retail outlets..where improvements can be tried out and consumer reactions tested.

1970 Which? June 163/1 Manufacturers and consumers do not have identical points of view.

2001 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 122 270 One continues to wish that the Clarendon Press would put its clothbound books a bit more within the reach of the individual consumer.

1904 New Phytologist 3 125 In the ocean..the animals live directly or indirectly on the vegetable substances... It is obvious that the ‘consumers’ could not..be two to four times as great in quantity as the ‘producers’.

1942 Ecology 23 402 Terrestrial predators may be classified as more remote (secondary, tertiary, quaternary, etc.) consumers, according to whether they prey on herbivores or upon other predators.

1969 D. F. Costello Prairie World Introd. p. xii The interlocking of all these chains, involving population shifts in both producer and consumer organisms, results in the ever-changing web of life on the prairie.

2002 S. J. Gould Struct. Evolutionary Theory vii. 547 Wynne-Edwards then generalizes..to the transcendent need for regulating population sizes of consumers in any ecosystem.

1933 Christian Sci. Monitor 5 Dec. 1/3 The mass attack of consumer advocates was something of a surprise.

2005 High Country News 27 June 24/3 Consumer advocates want the state to publicize a carcinogen..which occurs naturally in carbohydrate-rich foods that have been baked or fried.

1915 C. C. Parlin Merchandising of Commerc. Motor Vehicles 5 The manufacturer who can get..sufficient consumer confidence to be able to sell without price concessions..will have an important and profitable business.

1922 N.Y. Times 7 Jan. 15/6 The aims of the campaign are to..restore consumer confidence and energize retail buying.

1956 Economist 21 July 226/2 The researchers have constructed an ‘index of consumer confidence’ by taking eight of the key questions [on the survey] and weighting them according to significance.

2003 Independent 29 Nov. i. 1/5 A survey of consumer confidence..showed households had suddenly turned negative about buying ‘big ticket’ items.

1933 Middletown (N.Y.) Times Herald 20 July 11/1 A Consumer Council to record the increase in prices of food and clothing will be appointed here.

1958 Observer 25 May 10/6 Complaints brought to the Consumer Council.

1991 J. Kingdom Local Govt. & Politics in Brit. iv. 61 Community Health Councils..—in effect consumer councils to compensate for the unelected nature of the health authorities.

1925 Olean (N.Y.) Times 3 Dec. 12/1 The whole business structure of the nation and our present standard of living are supported by credit, and principally by consumer credit.

1934 D. Thomas Let. 20 July in Sel. Lett. (1966) 139 Those controlling the state shall earn in consumer credit no more than the worker who controls the drains of the state.

2000 R. D. Manning Credit Card Nation ix. 279 Those over 70 are more likely to be personally averse to using consumer credit due to harsh memories or family experiences during the depression.

1932 P. T. Cherington Commerc. Probl. Woolen & Worsted Industries viii The main task confronting these consumer-driven industries is not merely one of lowering prices, so much as determining what..this remorseless boss is likely to want.

1986 Financial Times 13 Mar. 16/1 Banks gear up to meet the demands of the competitive, consumer-driven, technology-aided 1990s.

2021 Newstex Blogs: Business Insider (Nexis) 13 July We're a consumer-driven economy, and putting more money in the hands of workers is essential to driving demand.

1938 N.Y. Times 24 Apr. iv. 9/3 Houses and consumer durables generally were being produced faster than the average demand.

1952 Jrnl. Finance 7 226 The expenditure undertaken to acquire a consumer durable is treated not as an expenditure made for the sole purpose of earning income.

1995 N. Hornby High Fidelity (1996) xi. 116 ‘When did you get a video?’‘Months ago.’‘You never told me.’‘You never asked.’‘Is that what I'm supposed to do every week? Ask you whether you've bought any consumer durables?’

1936 Economist 4 Jan. 12/1 The increased demand..might come from the field of consumer durable goods.

1955 Ann. Reg. 1954 79 Consumer durable goods as automobiles and household appliances.

1993 R. Vedder & L. Gallaway Out of Work v. 75 Auto production..was fully 75 percent below the 1929 peak, and similar sharp reductions in output occurred for virtually every major consumer durable good.

1934 Barnard (N.Y.) Bull. 16 Feb. 4/3 It seems obvious in a consumer economy that the interests of the consumer must always come first.

2004 Jrnl. Asian Stud. 63 415 The 1980s were dominated by a significant shift in the government's economic policy, from capital-goods investment to a consumer economy.

1901 Daily Gaz. (Janesville, Wisconsin) 9 Jan. 4/1 These combinations..furnish the consumer goods at fair prices.

1952 L. A. Doyle Econ. of Business Enterprise iv. 79 A station wagon is a consumer good in the hands of a private family for pleasure and a producer good when used by a salesman for transporting samples.

1995 E. Toman Dancing in Limbo iii. 85 There are tawdry consumer goods to be won, or sometimes cash prizes.

1945 Revue de l'Inst. Internat. de Statistique 13 82 Monthly Labor Review... Consumer price indexes in large cities.

1977 Ann. Internal Med. 86 361/1 One other source of evidence about the stability of relative value scales comes from the Consumer Price Index, which showed that the ratio of the semiprivate room and a diagnostic upper gastrointestinal X-ray series changed only from 1.40 to 1.41 during the years 1964 to 1974.

2006 Financial Times (Nexis) 18 Jan. 46 The consumer price index rose by 0.3 per cent, in line with forecasts.

1926 Lowell (Mass.) Sun 21 Oct. 17/3 (heading) New bureau of consumer research.

1949 E. Jenkins Six Criminal Women 30 She..would have had nothing to learn from courses in salesmanship or the findings of Consumer Research.

1998 Grocer 12 Sept. 28/1 Consumer research indicates that Birds Eye Frozen Meals are the gold standard in the category.

1924 Janesville (Wisconsin) Gaz. 26 Jan. 8/1 Consumer resistance to the retail price levels.

1931 F. L. Allen Only Yesterday vii. 169 To cajole, exhort, or intimidate the consumer into buying,—to ‘break down consumer resistance’.

2006 Decanter June 23/1 I'd be surprised if consumer resistance didn't rapidly dissipate now.

1920 N. Hapgood Advancing Hour 172 The consumer is the principal person considered, and the worker, employee or producer, within the consumer society, has had thus far little special representation.

2000 Internat. Jrnl. Advertising 19 3 It is a mirror to consumer society—to the constant turnover of superfluous cultural commodities or fads.

1984 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 27 Aug. d8/2 Huk guerillas in the Philippines poisoned pineapples destined for export... Similar incidents of ‘consumer terrorism’ have been attributed to individuals, like the culprit who injected cyanide into pain-reliever capsules.

2000 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 13 June 15/1 Consumer terrorism like the case of the Brisbane couple who suffered strychnine poisoning from Panadol products is a modern-day nightmare.

1917 Times 18 Dec. 7/5 Mr. Clynes announced the setting up in the Ministry of Food of a Consumers' Council.

1970 Afr. Affairs 69 42 The Ani Report..recommended more use of consumers' councils, though recognizing their practical limitations.

2003 J. Keast in L. Gearon Learning to teach Citizenship in Secondary School ii. 33 Other responses came..from high-profile bodies like the Consumers' Council.

1886 Indiana (Pa.) Weekly Progress 28 Oct. Consumers' credit carries no advantage whatever, unless in individual cases of temporary embarrassment.

1927 E. R. A. Seligman Econ. Instalment Selling I. 143 It may be as well to study the institution of consumers' credit as a step in the granting of credit in a wider sense.

1999 Washington Post (Nexis) 9 Sept. e1 Consumers' credit outstanding, excluding mortgage debt, advanced..to a seasonally adjusted $1.354 trillion.

1889 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. 52 499 The inclusion in the national wealth of both consumers' and producers' goods.

1941 W. F. Ogburn in S. M. Rosen & L. Rosen Technol. & Society i. 20 The introduction of a consumer's good such as an air conditioning unit in a home affects the home-owner's use of his dwelling.

1992 Amer. Sociol. Rev. 57 525/1 In a centrally planned economy..even labor and consumers' goods are produced or allocated according to the preferences of planning officials.

1879 A. Marshall Pure Theory Domest. Values ii. 20 The economic measure of that excess or surplus satisfaction into which we are inquiring will be called ‘Consumers' Rent’.

1921 J. Stamp Fund. Princ. Taxation ii. 50 We want to get a given boon for as little outlay as possible, and the lower the price the greater the ‘consumers' rent’.

1998 Econometrica 66 792 The consumers' rent equals zero.

1890 A. Marshall Princ. Econ. I. 446 We may now consider the effects which a change in the conditions of supply may exert on Consumers' Surplus or Rent.

1949 S. Weintraub Price Theory i. 29 The sum PQ thus represents his consumer's surplus on being able to purchase at the market price rather than being compelled to submit a maximum offer for this quantity.

2004 Amer. Econ. Rev. 94 472/1 ‘Consumer welfare’ is generally interpreted as equivalent to consumers' surplus.

1884 J. Rae Contemp. Socialism viii. 387 Consumers' wealth is a limited instrument of enjoyment; producers' is a power of immense capability in the hands of the competent.

2001 Amer. Econ. Rev. 91 254/2 The primary effect of a bubble is to increase aggregate demand, by increasing consumers' wealth and by improving the balance sheets of borrowers.