Congoadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈkɒŋɡəʊ/, U.S.

/ˈkɑŋɡoʊ/

Forms: 1700s– Congo, 1800s– Kongo; also occasionally with lower-case initial.

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Congo.

Etymology: < Congo, the name of a region and a river in western central Africa (see Kongo adj. and compare Congolese n.). Compare earlier Kongo adj. and Kongo n.In the Caribbean, some of the derogatory uses of the word (see senses A. 1 and B. 2) are reportedly due to the later arrival of slaves from the Congo region, who were regarded as outsiders by the more established local population (most of whom had roots in other parts of West Africa).

A. adj.

1. Designating a person from the region around the Congo river in western central Africa. Hence more generally (colloquial, offensive): designating a black person, spec. (Caribbean) one who is impoverished or considered uneducated or unrefined. It is not always clear whether the terms Congo and Kongo are being used to refer to a member of the Kongo (Kongo n. 1), a specific ethnic group of the lower Congo river region, or more generally to a person from, or associated with, the wider Congo region.

ΚΠ

1760 in Acts of Assembly, Jamaica (1771) II. 57 Nero, Congo Molly and Beckford, belonging to Arthur Forest, Esquire.

1906 S. Ford Shorty McCabe 93 Mr. Rufus Rastus, the Congo brunet that's master of ceremonies on the car.

1929 M. W. Beckwith Black Roadways xiii. 215 An occasional noodle story told of a ‘Congo nager’, like that of the slave who, sent to bring home a clock from the repair shop, kicked it to pieces because it persisted in striking, or of the Congo man who, seeing that the tree he was chopping was about to fall upon his head, adjusted his cotta to break the blow.

2012 S. K. Bryant et al. Afr. to Spanish Amer. ii. 64 Twenty-eight of sixty-seven Congo slaves who married prior to 1650 selected Congo spouses.

2. Of or relating to this region or its inhabitants.

ΚΠ

1876 Hampshire Tel. & Sussex Chron. 15 Jan. 3/5 Unfortunately the Congo trade is chiefly in the hands of the Dutch, French, and Portuguese.

1936 Jrnl. Negro Hist. 21 27 The failure to find..more than the slightest trace of either Senegalese or Congo traditions.

2008 Associated Press Newswire (Nexis) 5 Aug. A census by the Wildlife Conservation Society raised the estimate for gorillas in the Congo jungle from between 50,000 and 100,000 to around 200,000.

B. n.

1. Any of various dances performed in New Orleans, the Caribbean, and South America, which are influenced by African dance traditions.The dances to which this name is given take different forms but are typically characterized by the circling of the hips and are accompanied by drumming.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > other dances > [noun]

dance of Macabre?c1430

springc1450

lege de moya1529

bobc1550

lusty gallant1569

duret1613

fading1613

huckler1617

ground-measure1621

entry1631

slatter de pouchc1640

ballo1651

Irish trot1651

omnium gatheruma1652

clutterdepouch1652

upspring1654

passacaglia1659

shuffle1659

passacaille1667

flip-flap1676

chaconne1685

charmer1702

Cheshire-round1706

Louvre1729

stick dance1730

white joke1730

baby dance1744

Nancy Dawson1766

fricassee1775

bumpkin1785

Totentanz1789

Flora('s) dance1790

goombay1790

egg-dance1801

supper dance1820

Congo dance1823

slip-jig1829

bran-dance1833

roly-poly1833

Congo1835

mazy1841

furry1848

bull-dance1855

stampede1856

double-shuffling1859

frog dance1863

hokee-pokee1873

plait dance1876

slow dancing1884

snake dance1895

beast dance1900

soft-shoe1900

cakewalk1902

floral dance1911

snake dance1911

apache dance1912

grizzly bear1912

jazz dance1917

jazz dancing1917

jazz1919

wine-dance1920

camel-walk1921

furry dance1928

snake-dance1931

pas d'action1936

trance dancing1956

touch dance1965

hokey-cokey1966

moonwalk1969

moonwalking1983

Crip Walk1989

mapantsula1990

1835 A. B. Longstreet Georgia Scenes 128 The minuet,..and the congo, which was only to chase away the solemnities of the minuet.

1886 Cent. Mag. 31 527/2 There were other dances..the Voudou, and the Congo..The latter, called Congo also in Cayenne, Chica in San Domingo.

1956 M. W. Stearns Story of Jazz (1957) iii. 26 The Congo, as such, is no longer danced in New Orleans, but it is still danced in Haiti, along with the Bamboula.

1996 E. Lovelace Salt i. 5 They couldn't see them in the dark among the shadows and trees; but, they could hear. They had to listen to them dance the Bamboula Bamboula,..the Congo,..the Bongo.

2. A person from the Congo region. Hence more generally (colloquial, offensive): a black person, spec. (Caribbean) one who is impoverished or considered uneducated or unrefined.It is not always clear whether the terms Congo and Kongo are being used to refer to a member of the Kongo (Kongo n. 1), a specific ethnic group of the lower Congo river region, or more generally to a person from, or associated with, the wider Congo region.Earliest attested as a nickname or form of address.

ΚΠ

1841 F. A. Olmsted Incidents Whaling Voy. iii. 46 They were surpassed by our cook with his various appellations of ‘Spot’, ‘Jumbo’, ‘Congo’, ‘Skillet’, ‘Kidney foot’, &c.

1863 G. A. Jewett Let. 18 July in L. F. Litwack Been in Storm so Long (1979) ii. 100 There are about three regiments of darkies raised here..regular Congoes with noses as broad as plantains and lips like raw beefsteaks.

1904 Hummingbird 24 May 3 Why I measure dat horse of dat Congo, Burkett, fo'teen one, an' de d— nigger gie me a lot o' sass.

1929 M. W. Beckwith Black Roadways i. 4 Even today the term ‘Congo’ refers to one who is the butt of his fellows.

1994 I. Welsh Acid House 38 We're all white men. Do time for some bleeding Congo? Wise up, Jock.

3. Chiefly U.S. regional (southern). rare. Now historical.

a. The water moccasin, Agkistrodon piscivorus, or another snake resembling it; = Congo snake n. 2.

ΚΠ

1888 G. W. Cable Bonaventure 284 A large moccasin..of that yet deadlier..black sort, an ell in length, which the swampers call the Congo.

1996 A. H. Malcolm Mississippi Currents 210/2 There are copperheads around and what they locally call Congos. They are black snakes, very mean.

b. Any of three aquatic salamanders constituting the genus Amphiuma; = Congo snake n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > amphibians > order Urodela or Caudata > [noun] > member of family Amphiumidae (Congo snake)

Congo snake1824

Congo1947

1947 Chicago Sunday Tribune 21 Dec. vii. 7/3 There were malaria and typhus in the swamps, and many snakes: rattlers, moccasins, copperheads, and the Congo, a blue black eel, most feared of all.

Compounds

C1.

congo ape n. disused the mantled howler monkey, Alouatta palliata.Also called Congo monkey. [Perhaps so called on account of its colour, which is predominantly black, with allusion to the use of Congo adj. as a derogatory term for some black people (compare sense A. 1).]

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > order Primates > suborder Anthropoidea (higher primates) > [noun] > family Cebidae > genus Alouatta (howler monkey)

guariba1753

howling monkey1769

warine1774

alouatte1779

howler monkey1800

araguato1852

congo ape1859

red howler1865

Congo monkey1874

ursine howler1884

Stentor1891

1859 A. Trollope West Indies xx. 326 Monkeys chattered on the trees around us and the little congo ape roared like a lion.

1943 E. R. Johnson Life University Professor 43 I realized that the congo apes were singing their matins. They soon were leading a chorus of several kinds of monkeys.

Congo dance n. any of various dances performed in New Orleans, the Caribbean, and South America, which are influenced by African dance traditions; = sense B. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > other dances > [noun]

dance of Macabre?c1430

springc1450

lege de moya1529

bobc1550

lusty gallant1569

duret1613

fading1613

huckler1617

ground-measure1621

entry1631

slatter de pouchc1640

ballo1651

Irish trot1651

omnium gatheruma1652

clutterdepouch1652

upspring1654

passacaglia1659

shuffle1659

passacaille1667

flip-flap1676

chaconne1685

charmer1702

Cheshire-round1706

Louvre1729

stick dance1730

white joke1730

baby dance1744

Nancy Dawson1766

fricassee1775

bumpkin1785

Totentanz1789

Flora('s) dance1790

goombay1790

egg-dance1801

supper dance1820

Congo dance1823

slip-jig1829

bran-dance1833

roly-poly1833

Congo1835

mazy1841

furry1848

bull-dance1855

stampede1856

double-shuffling1859

frog dance1863

hokee-pokee1873

plait dance1876

slow dancing1884

snake dance1895

beast dance1900

soft-shoe1900

cakewalk1902

floral dance1911

snake dance1911

apache dance1912

grizzly bear1912

jazz dance1917

jazz dancing1917

jazz1919

wine-dance1920

camel-walk1921

furry dance1928

snake-dance1931

pas d'action1936

trance dancing1956

touch dance1965

hokey-cokey1966

moonwalk1969

moonwalking1983

Crip Walk1989

mapantsula1990

1823 I. Holmes Acct. U.S.A. 332 In Louisiana, and..Mississippi, the slaves..dance for several hours... The general movement is in what they call the Congo dance.

1929 W. B. Seabrook Magic Island i. iii. 43 Some..danced, not the mad Rada of the night, but boisterous, gay Congo dances.

2006 M. Largey Vodou Nation v. 203 The group's unfamiliarity with the rhythms of the Vodou ceremony meant that they didn't know if their Congo dance was done to Congo rhythms or to Ibo rhythms.

Congo minuet n. (formerly also †Minuet Congo) now chiefly historical a two-person dance consisting of small, quick, springy steps and incorporating elements of African dance traditions, popular in the late 18th and early 19th cent.; (also) the music which accompanies this dance. [Compare French menuet congo (1779 or earlier).]

ΚΠ

1772 Daily Advertiser 22 Apr. To the above will be added the Minuet Dauphin, the Minuet Congo, and two new Minuets never yet published.

1802 ‘Saltator’ Treat. Dancing 73 Congo Minuet, is a dance consisting of two persons—The gentleman places his partner on his right hand facing the company, they make a salute in the time of chassé [etc.].

2002 J. C. Chasteen in R. Young Music, Pop. Culture, Identities 66 As for the Havana elite, between 1790 and 1810, apparently, they often concluded fancy balls with the so-called Congo Minuet.

Congo monkey n. the mantled howler monkey, Alouatta palliata; cf. congo ape n.In quot. 1859: an unidentified long-tailed African monkey, perhaps one from the Congo region. [With later uses compare congo ape n.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > order Primates > suborder Anthropoidea (higher primates) > [noun] > family Cebidae > genus Alouatta (howler monkey)

guariba1753

howling monkey1769

warine1774

alouatte1779

howler monkey1800

araguato1852

congo ape1859

red howler1865

Congo monkey1874

ursine howler1884

Stentor1891

1859 Frank Leslie's New Family Mag. Sept. 253/1 I do not believe that it is peculiar to the Congo monkeys, but it is a lamentable fact, how addicted are animals of the kind to the commission of two crimes, murder and suicide!]

1874 T. Belt Naturalist in Nicaragua iii. 35 High up in one tree..were seated some of the black Congo monkeys (Mycetes palliatus).

2010 S. Osman Stumbling into Paradise iii. 84 There were so many big congo monkeys that he was afraid to walk the trails alone.

Congo pea n. chiefly Caribbean the pigeon pea, Cajanus cajan; (also) the seeds of this plant, widely eaten as a pulse. [Perhaps an alteration of Jamaican English gungo pea < gungo , denoting the plant and its seeds ( < Kongo ngungu pea) + pea n.², either after the name of the Congo region, or perhaps with (derogatory) reference to some of the black population of Jamaica (compare sense A. 1).]

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > pulses or plants producing pulses > [noun] > bean > other types of bean-plant

horse-bean1684

Angola pea1756

pole bean1770

Congo pea1812

Canavalia1828

no-eye pea1837

overlook1837

bean-vine1838

asparagus-bean1856

sword-bean1875

jack bean1885

horse-gram1886

winged bean1910

tepary1912

adzuki1914

siratro1962

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > pulse > [noun] > bean > other beans

bean1548

black bean1569

calavance1620

red bean1658

seven-year bean1666

lablab1670

Cajan1693

dal1698

adzuki1727

tick-bean1744

tick1765

toker1786

mash1801

Congo pea1812

stick bean1823

moog1840

moth1840

Lima1856

feijão1857

asparagus pea1859

mung1866

wall1884

Rangoon bean1903

1812 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. VIII. i. 223 The flowers of the Cytisus Cajan, commonly called the Congo Pea, which is much cultivated by the Negroes.

1978 Kingston (Jamaica) Daily Gleaner 19 Apr. 10/2 Method: 1. Cook congo peas and diced fresh vegetables.

2013 S. Rostain Islands Rainforest v. 215 Their two principal crops are bananas and manioc, but beans, sweet potatoes, yams, and Congo peas, etc. are also grown.

C2. Chemistry.

Congo red n. a red dye originally used to colour cotton without the use of a mordant, and now chiefly used as a tissue stain in microscopy.Congo red is an azo compound derived from benzidine, and can be used as a pH indicator as it turns blue in acid conditions. [After German Kongorot (1885), probably so called as a marketing strategy to evoke romantic associations with Africa (a popular subject at the time due to the Berlin West Africa conference of 1884–5 and the beginnings of German colonialism); compare also (after German) French rouge Congo (1885).]

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > colouring > colouring matter > [adjective] > yielding dye > types of dye

substantive1794

alizarin1857

Congo red1885

neutral1892

Janus1898

metachrome1901

direct1902

indigoid1908

reactive1941

thioindigoid1943

1885 Jrnl. Soc. Dyers & Colourists 1 146/2 Congo Red... This colouring matter..is of special interest, owing to its remarkable property of dyeing cotton..without the aid of a mordant.

1940 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. IV. 12/1 Benzidine finds..its greatest application in the manufacture of direct cotton dyestuffs, which result on tetrazotisation..e.g. Congo Red..results from coupling with naphthionic acid.

1960 I. A. Stanton Dict. for Med. Secretaries 36/1 Congo Red test of renal function, a test for amyloidosis.

2014 S. B. Prusiner Madness & Memory ix. 113 When filters that polarize the bright light from the microscope lamp were used, the Congo red bound to the amyloid fibres displayed a characteristic green-gold appearance.

b. In the names of various dyes, stains, and indicators which resemble Congo red in being azo compounds mostly derived from benzidine or tolidine, as in Congo blue, Congo brown, Congo corinth, Congo orange, Congo rubine, etc. Also in other terms denoting or relating to this group of dyes, as in Congo-acid, Congo dye, Congo paper. Now chiefly historical. [In some formations probably after German models, e.g. Kongorubin, Kongobraun, Kongopapier (apparently all late 19th cent.); Congo corinth may be directly < German Kongokorinth (late 19th cent.).]

ΚΠ

1886 London Med. Rec. 15 Nov. 487/1 To test the secretion it will be necessary to give a trial meal, and in about six hours to examine the contents of the stomach. The latter must also be examined with regard to the presence of free hydrochloric acid... For this, Congo paper is of great value.

1898 Applic. Benzidine Colours All Branches Printing 49 (caption) Aniline Black discharged with Congo Orange G.

1905 J. C. Cain & J. F. Thorpe Synthetic Dyestuffs xi. 70 A mixed benzidine dyestuff—Congo Corinth—is produced.

1905 J. C. Cain & J. F. Thorpe Synthetic Dyestuffs xi. 73 Congo brown G [A]..Congo brown R [A].

1910 Polytechnic Engineer 10 21 (heading) The investigation of Congo blue and the preparation of Congo white.

1915 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 108 i. 321 Blue and Red Congo Dyes.

1915 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 108 i. 322 Isomeric Congo-acids have been isolated.

1920 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 118 ii. 171 Colour Change of Congo-rubin.

1922 R. N. Shreve et al. Dyes Classified i. 127 Dyes derived from Benzidine..Congo Rubine.

1940 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. IV. 219 Congo Corinth GW: Benzidine, Naphthionic acid, N.W.-acid.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	congo
释义	Congoadj.n. Brit. /ˈkɒŋɡəʊ/, U.S. /ˈkɑŋɡoʊ/ Forms: 1700s– Congo, 1800s– Kongo; also occasionally with lower-case initial. Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Congo. Etymology: < Congo, the name of a region and a river in western central Africa (see Kongo adj. and compare Congolese n.). Compare earlier Kongo adj. and Kongo n.In the Caribbean, some of the derogatory uses of the word (see senses A. 1 and B. 2) are reportedly due to the later arrival of slaves from the Congo region, who were regarded as outsiders by the more established local population (most of whom had roots in other parts of West Africa). A. adj. 1. Designating a person from the region around the Congo river in western central Africa. Hence more generally (colloquial, offensive): designating a black person, spec. (Caribbean) one who is impoverished or considered uneducated or unrefined. It is not always clear whether the terms Congo and Kongo are being used to refer to a member of the Kongo (Kongo n. 1), a specific ethnic group of the lower Congo river region, or more generally to a person from, or associated with, the wider Congo region. ΚΠ 1760 in Acts of Assembly, Jamaica (1771) II. 57 Nero, Congo Molly and Beckford, belonging to Arthur Forest, Esquire. 1906 S. Ford Shorty McCabe 93 Mr. Rufus Rastus, the Congo brunet that's master of ceremonies on the car. 1929 M. W. Beckwith Black Roadways xiii. 215 An occasional noodle story told of a ‘Congo nager’, like that of the slave who, sent to bring home a clock from the repair shop, kicked it to pieces because it persisted in striking, or of the Congo man who, seeing that the tree he was chopping was about to fall upon his head, adjusted his cotta to break the blow. 2012 S. K. Bryant et al. Afr. to Spanish Amer. ii. 64 Twenty-eight of sixty-seven Congo slaves who married prior to 1650 selected Congo spouses. 2. Of or relating to this region or its inhabitants. ΚΠ 1876 Hampshire Tel. & Sussex Chron. 15 Jan. 3/5 Unfortunately the Congo trade is chiefly in the hands of the Dutch, French, and Portuguese. 1936 Jrnl. Negro Hist. 21 27 The failure to find..more than the slightest trace of either Senegalese or Congo traditions. 2008 Associated Press Newswire (Nexis) 5 Aug. A census by the Wildlife Conservation Society raised the estimate for gorillas in the Congo jungle from between 50,000 and 100,000 to around 200,000. B. n. 1. Any of various dances performed in New Orleans, the Caribbean, and South America, which are influenced by African dance traditions.The dances to which this name is given take different forms but are typically characterized by the circling of the hips and are accompanied by drumming. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > other dances > [noun] dance of Macabre?c1430 springc1450 lege de moya1529 bobc1550 lusty gallant1569 duret1613 fading1613 huckler1617 ground-measure1621 entry1631 slatter de pouchc1640 ballo1651 Irish trot1651 omnium gatheruma1652 clutterdepouch1652 upspring1654 passacaglia1659 shuffle1659 passacaille1667 flip-flap1676 chaconne1685 charmer1702 Cheshire-round1706 Louvre1729 stick dance1730 white joke1730 baby dance1744 Nancy Dawson1766 fricassee1775 bumpkin1785 Totentanz1789 Flora('s) dance1790 goombay1790 egg-dance1801 supper dance1820 Congo dance1823 slip-jig1829 bran-dance1833 roly-poly1833 Congo1835 mazy1841 furry1848 bull-dance1855 stampede1856 double-shuffling1859 frog dance1863 hokee-pokee1873 plait dance1876 slow dancing1884 snake dance1895 beast dance1900 soft-shoe1900 cakewalk1902 floral dance1911 snake dance1911 apache dance1912 grizzly bear1912 jazz dance1917 jazz dancing1917 jazz1919 wine-dance1920 camel-walk1921 furry dance1928 snake-dance1931 pas d'action1936 trance dancing1956 touch dance1965 hokey-cokey1966 moonwalk1969 moonwalking1983 Crip Walk1989 mapantsula1990 1835 A. B. Longstreet Georgia Scenes 128 The minuet,..and the congo, which was only to chase away the solemnities of the minuet. 1886 Cent. Mag. 31 527/2 There were other dances..the Voudou, and the Congo..The latter, called Congo also in Cayenne, Chica in San Domingo. 1956 M. W. Stearns Story of Jazz (1957) iii. 26 The Congo, as such, is no longer danced in New Orleans, but it is still danced in Haiti, along with the Bamboula. 1996 E. Lovelace Salt i. 5 They couldn't see them in the dark among the shadows and trees; but, they could hear. They had to listen to them dance the Bamboula Bamboula,..the Congo,..the Bongo. 2. A person from the Congo region. Hence more generally (colloquial, offensive): a black person, spec. (Caribbean) one who is impoverished or considered uneducated or unrefined.It is not always clear whether the terms Congo and Kongo are being used to refer to a member of the Kongo (Kongo n. 1), a specific ethnic group of the lower Congo river region, or more generally to a person from, or associated with, the wider Congo region.Earliest attested as a nickname or form of address. ΚΠ 1841 F. A. Olmsted Incidents Whaling Voy. iii. 46 They were surpassed by our cook with his various appellations of ‘Spot’, ‘Jumbo’, ‘Congo’, ‘Skillet’, ‘Kidney foot’, &c. 1863 G. A. Jewett Let. 18 July in L. F. Litwack Been in Storm so Long (1979) ii. 100 There are about three regiments of darkies raised here..regular Congoes with noses as broad as plantains and lips like raw beefsteaks. 1904 Hummingbird 24 May 3 Why I measure dat horse of dat Congo, Burkett, fo'teen one, an' de d— nigger gie me a lot o' sass. 1929 M. W. Beckwith Black Roadways i. 4 Even today the term ‘Congo’ refers to one who is the butt of his fellows. 1994 I. Welsh Acid House 38 We're all white men. Do time for some bleeding Congo? Wise up, Jock. 3. Chiefly U.S. regional (southern). rare. Now historical. a. The water moccasin, Agkistrodon piscivorus, or another snake resembling it; = Congo snake n. 2. ΚΠ 1888 G. W. Cable Bonaventure 284 A large moccasin..of that yet deadlier..black sort, an ell in length, which the swampers call the Congo. 1996 A. H. Malcolm Mississippi Currents 210/2 There are copperheads around and what they locally call Congos. They are black snakes, very mean. b. Any of three aquatic salamanders constituting the genus Amphiuma; = Congo snake n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > amphibians > order Urodela or Caudata > [noun] > member of family Amphiumidae (Congo snake) Congo snake1824 Congo1947 1947 Chicago Sunday Tribune 21 Dec. vii. 7/3 There were malaria and typhus in the swamps, and many snakes: rattlers, moccasins, copperheads, and the Congo, a blue black eel, most feared of all. Compounds C1. congo ape n. disused the mantled howler monkey, Alouatta palliata.Also called Congo monkey. [Perhaps so called on account of its colour, which is predominantly black, with allusion to the use of Congo adj. as a derogatory term for some black people (compare sense A. 1).] ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > order Primates > suborder Anthropoidea (higher primates) > [noun] > family Cebidae > genus Alouatta (howler monkey) guariba1753 howling monkey1769 warine1774 alouatte1779 howler monkey1800 araguato1852 congo ape1859 red howler1865 Congo monkey1874 ursine howler1884 Stentor1891 1859 A. Trollope West Indies xx. 326 Monkeys chattered on the trees around us and the little congo ape roared like a lion. 1943 E. R. Johnson Life University Professor 43 I realized that the congo apes were singing their matins. They soon were leading a chorus of several kinds of monkeys. Congo dance n. any of various dances performed in New Orleans, the Caribbean, and South America, which are influenced by African dance traditions; = sense B. 1. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > other dances > [noun] dance of Macabre?c1430 springc1450 lege de moya1529 bobc1550 lusty gallant1569 duret1613 fading1613 huckler1617 ground-measure1621 entry1631 slatter de pouchc1640 ballo1651 Irish trot1651 omnium gatheruma1652 clutterdepouch1652 upspring1654 passacaglia1659 shuffle1659 passacaille1667 flip-flap1676 chaconne1685 charmer1702 Cheshire-round1706 Louvre1729 stick dance1730 white joke1730 baby dance1744 Nancy Dawson1766 fricassee1775 bumpkin1785 Totentanz1789 Flora('s) dance1790 goombay1790 egg-dance1801 supper dance1820 Congo dance1823 slip-jig1829 bran-dance1833 roly-poly1833 Congo1835 mazy1841 furry1848 bull-dance1855 stampede1856 double-shuffling1859 frog dance1863 hokee-pokee1873 plait dance1876 slow dancing1884 snake dance1895 beast dance1900 soft-shoe1900 cakewalk1902 floral dance1911 snake dance1911 apache dance1912 grizzly bear1912 jazz dance1917 jazz dancing1917 jazz1919 wine-dance1920 camel-walk1921 furry dance1928 snake-dance1931 pas d'action1936 trance dancing1956 touch dance1965 hokey-cokey1966 moonwalk1969 moonwalking1983 Crip Walk1989 mapantsula1990 1823 I. Holmes Acct. U.S.A. 332 In Louisiana, and..Mississippi, the slaves..dance for several hours... The general movement is in what they call the Congo dance. 1929 W. B. Seabrook Magic Island i. iii. 43 Some..danced, not the mad Rada of the night, but boisterous, gay Congo dances. 2006 M. Largey Vodou Nation v. 203 The group's unfamiliarity with the rhythms of the Vodou ceremony meant that they didn't know if their Congo dance was done to Congo rhythms or to Ibo rhythms. Congo minuet n. (formerly also †Minuet Congo) now chiefly historical a two-person dance consisting of small, quick, springy steps and incorporating elements of African dance traditions, popular in the late 18th and early 19th cent.; (also) the music which accompanies this dance. [Compare French menuet congo (1779 or earlier).] ΚΠ 1772 Daily Advertiser 22 Apr. To the above will be added the Minuet Dauphin, the Minuet Congo, and two new Minuets never yet published. 1802 ‘Saltator’ Treat. Dancing 73 Congo Minuet, is a dance consisting of two persons—The gentleman places his partner on his right hand facing the company, they make a salute in the time of chassé [etc.]. 2002 J. C. Chasteen in R. Young Music, Pop. Culture, Identities 66 As for the Havana elite, between 1790 and 1810, apparently, they often concluded fancy balls with the so-called Congo Minuet. Congo monkey n. the mantled howler monkey, Alouatta palliata; cf. congo ape n.In quot. 1859: an unidentified long-tailed African monkey, perhaps one from the Congo region. [With later uses compare congo ape n.] ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > order Primates > suborder Anthropoidea (higher primates) > [noun] > family Cebidae > genus Alouatta (howler monkey) guariba1753 howling monkey1769 warine1774 alouatte1779 howler monkey1800 araguato1852 congo ape1859 red howler1865 Congo monkey1874 ursine howler1884 Stentor1891 1859 Frank Leslie's New Family Mag. Sept. 253/1 I do not believe that it is peculiar to the Congo monkeys, but it is a lamentable fact, how addicted are animals of the kind to the commission of two crimes, murder and suicide!] 1874 T. Belt Naturalist in Nicaragua iii. 35 High up in one tree..were seated some of the black Congo monkeys (Mycetes palliatus). 2010 S. Osman Stumbling into Paradise iii. 84 There were so many big congo monkeys that he was afraid to walk the trails alone. Congo pea n. chiefly Caribbean the pigeon pea, Cajanus cajan; (also) the seeds of this plant, widely eaten as a pulse. [Perhaps an alteration of Jamaican English gungo pea < gungo , denoting the plant and its seeds ( < Kongo ngungu pea) + pea n.², either after the name of the Congo region, or perhaps with (derogatory) reference to some of the black population of Jamaica (compare sense A. 1).] ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > pulses or plants producing pulses > [noun] > bean > other types of bean-plant horse-bean1684 Angola pea1756 pole bean1770 Congo pea1812 Canavalia1828 no-eye pea1837 overlook1837 bean-vine1838 asparagus-bean1856 sword-bean1875 jack bean1885 horse-gram1886 winged bean1910 tepary1912 adzuki1914 siratro1962 the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > pulse > [noun] > bean > other beans bean1548 black bean1569 calavance1620 red bean1658 seven-year bean1666 lablab1670 Cajan1693 dal1698 adzuki1727 tick-bean1744 tick1765 toker1786 mash1801 Congo pea1812 stick bean1823 moog1840 moth1840 Lima1856 feijão1857 asparagus pea1859 mung1866 wall1884 Rangoon bean1903 1812 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. VIII. i. 223 The flowers of the Cytisus Cajan, commonly called the Congo Pea, which is much cultivated by the Negroes. 1978 Kingston (Jamaica) Daily Gleaner 19 Apr. 10/2 Method: 1. Cook congo peas and diced fresh vegetables. 2013 S. Rostain Islands Rainforest v. 215 Their two principal crops are bananas and manioc, but beans, sweet potatoes, yams, and Congo peas, etc. are also grown. C2. Chemistry. a. Congo red n. a red dye originally used to colour cotton without the use of a mordant, and now chiefly used as a tissue stain in microscopy.Congo red is an azo compound derived from benzidine, and can be used as a pH indicator as it turns blue in acid conditions. [After German Kongorot (1885), probably so called as a marketing strategy to evoke romantic associations with Africa (a popular subject at the time due to the Berlin West Africa conference of 1884–5 and the beginnings of German colonialism); compare also (after German) French rouge Congo (1885).] ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > colouring > colouring matter > [adjective] > yielding dye > types of dye substantive1794 alizarin1857 Congo red1885 neutral1892 Janus1898 metachrome1901 direct1902 indigoid1908 reactive1941 thioindigoid1943 1885 Jrnl. Soc. Dyers & Colourists 1 146/2 Congo Red... This colouring matter..is of special interest, owing to its remarkable property of dyeing cotton..without the aid of a mordant. 1940 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. IV. 12/1 Benzidine finds..its greatest application in the manufacture of direct cotton dyestuffs, which result on tetrazotisation..e.g. Congo Red..results from coupling with naphthionic acid. 1960 I. A. Stanton Dict. for Med. Secretaries 36/1 Congo Red test of renal function, a test for amyloidosis. 2014 S. B. Prusiner Madness & Memory ix. 113 When filters that polarize the bright light from the microscope lamp were used, the Congo red bound to the amyloid fibres displayed a characteristic green-gold appearance. b. In the names of various dyes, stains, and indicators which resemble Congo red in being azo compounds mostly derived from benzidine or tolidine, as in Congo blue, Congo brown, Congo corinth, Congo orange, Congo rubine, etc. Also in other terms denoting or relating to this group of dyes, as in Congo-acid, Congo dye, Congo paper. Now chiefly historical. [In some formations probably after German models, e.g. Kongorubin, Kongobraun, Kongopapier (apparently all late 19th cent.); Congo corinth may be directly < German Kongokorinth (late 19th cent.).] ΚΠ 1886 London Med. Rec. 15 Nov. 487/1 To test the secretion it will be necessary to give a trial meal, and in about six hours to examine the contents of the stomach. The latter must also be examined with regard to the presence of free hydrochloric acid... For this, Congo paper is of great value. 1898 Applic. Benzidine Colours All Branches Printing 49 (caption) Aniline Black discharged with Congo Orange G. 1905 J. C. Cain & J. F. Thorpe Synthetic Dyestuffs xi. 70 A mixed benzidine dyestuff—Congo Corinth—is produced. 1905 J. C. Cain & J. F. Thorpe Synthetic Dyestuffs xi. 73 Congo brown G [A]..Congo brown R [A]. 1910 Polytechnic Engineer 10 21 (heading) The investigation of Congo blue and the preparation of Congo white. 1915 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 108 i. 321 Blue and Red Congo Dyes. 1915 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 108 i. 322 Isomeric Congo-acids have been isolated. 1920 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 118 ii. 171 Colour Change of Congo-rubin. 1922 R. N. Shreve et al. Dyes Classified i. 127 Dyes derived from Benzidine..Congo Rubine. 1940 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. IV. 219 Congo Corinth GW: Benzidine, Naphthionic acid, N.W.-acid. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1760
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