congealv.

Brit.

/kənˈdʒiːl/, U.S.

/kənˈdʒil/

Forms: Middle English–1600s congele, Middle English congell-yn, Middle English–1600s congieale, 1500s congeel, congiele, congieyle, 1500s– congeal.

Etymology: Middle English congele(n, < Old French congeler (14th cent. in Littré) 3rd singular present congèle, < Latin congelāre, < con- together + gelāre to freeze, < gelum, gelu frost.

I. transitive.

a. To convert, by freezing, from a fluid or soft to a solid and rigid state, as water into ice; to freeze.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > make cold [verb (transitive)] > freeze

congeal1393

engeal14..

freezea1513

glaciate1656

anneala1763

1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 96 So as the fire it hath aneled, Lich unto slime, which is congeled.

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) xi. i. 381 Whan ayre is congelyd it makyth snowe and hayle.

c1490 Promptorium Parvulorum 90 (MS. K.) Congellyn, congelo.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 325 Wine also and other moist thynges are so conieled that they may bee cutte with knyues.

1577 R. Willes & R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Hist. Trauayle W. & E. Indies f. 231 Enforced there to ende his lyfe for colde, congealed and frosen to death.

1762 W. Falconer Shipwreck Proem i. 3 Where arctic storms congeal eternal snow.

1839 C. Darwin in R. Fitzroy & C. Darwin Narr. Surv. Voy. H.M.S. Adventure & Beagle III. v. 103 The ground at the depth of a few feet remains perpetually congealed.

1853 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 9) vi. 80 The carcass of a rhinoceros..taken from the sand in which it must have remained congealed for ages.

b. To solidify by cooling (not frost).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > make dense or solid [verb (transitive)] > by cold

congeal1682

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > make cold [verb (transitive)] > cool > solidify by cooling

congeal1682

1682 N. Grew Of Mixture i. v. §3 in Anat. Plants 233 The Oyl..at last, is congealed, or hardned into a white Fat or Butter.

1686 W. Harris tr. N. Lémery Course Chym. (ed. 2) 41 Congele, is to let some matter that is melted fix, or grow into a consistence.

†2.

a. To solidify as by freezing, to make crystalline or solid from a fluid state. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > make dense or solid [verb (transitive)]

congealc1384

sadc1384

resolvea1398

thightc1440

condense1477

constipate1546

condensate1555

engross1561

indense1576

sadden1600

settle1611

densate1613

solidate1640

corporify1644

conspissate1647

consolidate1653

conglaciate1660

solidify1799

densify1820

c1384 [implied in: G. Chaucer Hous of Fame iii. 36 This roche..was lyk a thing of glas..But of what congeled matere Hit was, I niste redely. (at congealed adj. 2)].

c1400 Test. Love (1560) ii. 291/1 This precious Margarite..discended..from his heauenliche dewe, nourished and congeled in meeknesse.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. viii. f. 39 The water is congeled into moste pure and whyte salte.

1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors v. f. 71 The cause why stones melte not as metalles doe..because they are congeled past that degree.

1678 R. Russel tr. Jabir ibn Haiyan Wks. Geber i. iii. 6 Filter the Solution, which congeal by gentle Fire.

1727 P. Longueville Hermit 160 Salt that was congeal'd by the Sun.

†b. To concrete or cement (grains) together.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > state of being thick enough to retain form > give consistency to [verb (transitive)] > cause to cohere

binda1000

cleama1340

coagulec1400

congeal1563

coagulate1610

1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors v. f. 63^v Sand..consisting of many small bodies, which are congeled into stones.

†c. To condense (vapour) into liquid. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1661 [implied in: R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia Isagoge sig. D5 Least the congealed vapour drop thence. (at congealed adj. 2)].

3. To make (a liquid) viscid or jelly-like; to stiffen, curdle, clot, coagulate (esp. the blood; often in figurative sense: cf. curdle v. 1b).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > state of being thick enough to retain form > give consistency to [verb (transitive)] > coagulate

thickc1000

runlOE

quaila1398

congealc1400

curd?a1425

thickenc1425

coagulec1550

clumper1562

curdle1585

clutter1601

quarl1607

coagulate1611

posseta1616

sam1615

concrete1635

earn1670

clotter1700

cotter1781

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. (MS. A.) 66 Þanne by grace sum greet drope of blood may be congelid togidere.

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 89^v A precious Conserue, and Marmelad, being congealed with long seething.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) Induct. ii. 128 Seeing too much sadnesse hath congeal'd your blood.

1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet iii. 310 Cordials made of spirituous Liquors..add Strength to the Mill, but congeal the Stream.

1847 H. W. Longfellow Evangeline ii. iii Here no hungry winter congeals our blood like the rivers.

4. figurative.

ΚΠ

1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Instit. (1578) iv. 97 Men can be congeled together into no name of religion either true or false, vnlesse, etc.

a1600 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie (1648) vi.119 A heart congealed and hardned in sinne.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 118. ⁋10 Curiosity..may be dissipated in trifles or congealed by indolence.

1762 O. Goldsmith Citizen of World II. 18 When the people have sufficiently shuddered at that, they are next congealed with a frightful account, [etc.].

1865 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Rationalism I. iv. 390 It was not till about the third century that the moral sentiments..were congealed into an elaborate theology.

II. intransitive.

5. To become solid and rigid by freezing; to freeze; to become solid by cooling.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > become (more) dense or solid [verb (intransitive)] > by cold

congealc1400

storken1570

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > be cold [verb (intransitive)] > become cold > freeze

it freezes971

congealc1400

gealc1440

frigitate1635

conglaciate1646

take1781

catch1879

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xvii. 79 For þe grete calde and continuele frost þe water congelez in to cristall.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xiv. xxi Wine of it owne nature will not congeale and freeze.

a1626 F. Bacon Physiol. & Med. Rem. in Wks. III. 803 In the midst of molten lead, when it beginneth to congeal, make a little dent.

1811 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory iii. 649 When cooled down to −25°, ether congeals in brilliant transparent plates.

1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. ii. vi. 157 [The temperature] at which quicksilver congeals.

a. gen. To become solid by a process resembling freezing; †to crystallize, petrify, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > become (more) dense or solid [verb (intransitive)]

thicka1000

starkOE

congealc1400

starken?a1513

concrease1578

thicken1598

knit1605

condensate1607

fix1626

saddena1642

concretea1676

incrassate1733

solidify1837

consolidate1885

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) v. 15 Þe water of þe whilk [laake] ilk a ȝere..congelez in to gude salt.

1568 Bible (Bishops') Exod. xv. 8 The fluddes stoode still as an heape, and the deepe water congealed togeather.

1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated ii. vi. 93 The Water of it's owne accord congeales into salt.

17.. Berkeley Descr. Cave of Dunmore in Wks. IV. 504 From each of 'em there distils a drop of clear water, which, congealing at the bottom, forms a round, hard, and white stone.

†b. To coalesce in a concrete mass. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > state of being thick enough to retain form > be thick enough to retain form [verb (intransitive)] > cohere

clingOE

clitchc1400

clutchc1425

coagmentate1578

congeal1584

clung1601

cohere1616

conglutinatea1625

1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health clxxix. 144 Their slymynesse will cause the grauell sooner to congeale, and gather to a stone.

7. To stiffen into a viscid jelly-like consistency; to coagulate, clot, or curdle, as milk or blood.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > state of being thick enough to retain form > be thick enough to retain form [verb (intransitive)] > coagulate

runeOE

curda1382

congealc1400

clotterc1405

clodder1499

cludder1540

yearna1568

quar1578

curdle1586

clot1591

coagulate1600

clod1639

concoagulate1666

earn1670

set1736

keech1863

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xiv. 152 It [Manna] cometh of the dew of heuene, þat falleth vpon the herbes..And it congeleth [Roxb. coagules] & becometh all white & swete.

?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens iv. sig. Nij^v The blode that can not congele.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. xxii. 34 The juyce..causeth the same milke to congeale and crudde.

c1590 C. Marlowe Faustus v, in Wks. (1910) 86/1 My blood congeals and I can write no more.

8. figurative.

ΚΠ

a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) ii. i. 480 Least zeale now melted..Coole and congeale againe to what it was.

a1839 W. M. Praed Poems (1864) I. 210 Now all is over! passion is congealing.

1860 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters V. 182 Their trees always had a tendency to congeal into little acicular thorn-hedges, and never tossed free.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	congeal
释义	congealv. Brit. /kənˈdʒiːl/, U.S. /kənˈdʒil/ Forms: Middle English–1600s congele, Middle English congell-yn, Middle English–1600s congieale, 1500s congeel, congiele, congieyle, 1500s– congeal. Etymology: Middle English congele(n, < Old French congeler (14th cent. in Littré) 3rd singular present congèle, < Latin congelāre, < con- together + gelāre to freeze, < gelum, gelu frost. I. transitive. 1. a. To convert, by freezing, from a fluid or soft to a solid and rigid state, as water into ice; to freeze. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > make cold [verb (transitive)] > freeze congeal1393 engeal14.. freezea1513 glaciate1656 anneala1763 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 96 So as the fire it hath aneled, Lich unto slime, which is congeled. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) xi. i. 381 Whan ayre is congelyd it makyth snowe and hayle. c1490 Promptorium Parvulorum 90 (MS. K.) Congellyn, congelo. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 325 Wine also and other moist thynges are so conieled that they may bee cutte with knyues. 1577 R. Willes & R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Hist. Trauayle W. & E. Indies f. 231 Enforced there to ende his lyfe for colde, congealed and frosen to death. 1762 W. Falconer Shipwreck Proem i. 3 Where arctic storms congeal eternal snow. 1839 C. Darwin in R. Fitzroy & C. Darwin Narr. Surv. Voy. H.M.S. Adventure & Beagle III. v. 103 The ground at the depth of a few feet remains perpetually congealed. 1853 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 9) vi. 80 The carcass of a rhinoceros..taken from the sand in which it must have remained congealed for ages. b. To solidify by cooling (not frost). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > make dense or solid [verb (transitive)] > by cold congeal1682 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > make cold [verb (transitive)] > cool > solidify by cooling congeal1682 1682 N. Grew Of Mixture i. v. §3 in Anat. Plants 233 The Oyl..at last, is congealed, or hardned into a white Fat or Butter. 1686 W. Harris tr. N. Lémery Course Chym. (ed. 2) 41 Congele, is to let some matter that is melted fix, or grow into a consistence. †2. a. To solidify as by freezing, to make crystalline or solid from a fluid state. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > make dense or solid [verb (transitive)] congealc1384 sadc1384 resolvea1398 thightc1440 condense1477 constipate1546 condensate1555 engross1561 indense1576 sadden1600 settle1611 densate1613 solidate1640 corporify1644 conspissate1647 consolidate1653 conglaciate1660 solidify1799 densify1820 c1384 [implied in: G. Chaucer Hous of Fame iii. 36 This roche..was lyk a thing of glas..But of what congeled matere Hit was, I niste redely. (at congealed adj. 2)]. c1400 Test. Love (1560) ii. 291/1 This precious Margarite..discended..from his heauenliche dewe, nourished and congeled in meeknesse. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. viii. f. 39 The water is congeled into moste pure and whyte salte. 1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors v. f. 71 The cause why stones melte not as metalles doe..because they are congeled past that degree. 1678 R. Russel tr. Jabir ibn Haiyan Wks. Geber i. iii. 6 Filter the Solution, which congeal by gentle Fire. 1727 P. Longueville Hermit 160 Salt that was congeal'd by the Sun. †b. To concrete or cement (grains) together. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > state of being thick enough to retain form > give consistency to [verb (transitive)] > cause to cohere binda1000 cleama1340 coagulec1400 congeal1563 coagulate1610 1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors v. f. 63^v Sand..consisting of many small bodies, which are congeled into stones. †c. To condense (vapour) into liquid. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1661 [implied in: R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia Isagoge sig. D5 Least the congealed vapour drop thence. (at congealed adj. 2)]. 3. To make (a liquid) viscid or jelly-like; to stiffen, curdle, clot, coagulate (esp. the blood; often in figurative sense: cf. curdle v. 1b). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > state of being thick enough to retain form > give consistency to [verb (transitive)] > coagulate thickc1000 runlOE quaila1398 congealc1400 curd?a1425 thickenc1425 coagulec1550 clumper1562 curdle1585 clutter1601 quarl1607 coagulate1611 posseta1616 sam1615 concrete1635 earn1670 clotter1700 cotter1781 c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. (MS. A.) 66 Þanne by grace sum greet drope of blood may be congelid togidere. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 89^v A precious Conserue, and Marmelad, being congealed with long seething. a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) Induct. ii. 128 Seeing too much sadnesse hath congeal'd your blood. View more context for this quotation 1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet iii. 310 Cordials made of spirituous Liquors..add Strength to the Mill, but congeal the Stream. 1847 H. W. Longfellow Evangeline ii. iii Here no hungry winter congeals our blood like the rivers. 4. figurative. ΚΠ 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Instit. (1578) iv. 97 Men can be congeled together into no name of religion either true or false, vnlesse, etc. a1600 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie (1648) vi.119 A heart congealed and hardned in sinne. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 118. ⁋10 Curiosity..may be dissipated in trifles or congealed by indolence. 1762 O. Goldsmith Citizen of World II. 18 When the people have sufficiently shuddered at that, they are next congealed with a frightful account, [etc.]. 1865 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Rationalism I. iv. 390 It was not till about the third century that the moral sentiments..were congealed into an elaborate theology. II. intransitive. 5. To become solid and rigid by freezing; to freeze; to become solid by cooling. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > become (more) dense or solid [verb (intransitive)] > by cold congealc1400 storken1570 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > be cold [verb (intransitive)] > become cold > freeze it freezes971 congealc1400 gealc1440 frigitate1635 conglaciate1646 take1781 catch1879 c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xvii. 79 For þe grete calde and continuele frost þe water congelez in to cristall. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xiv. xxi Wine of it owne nature will not congeale and freeze. a1626 F. Bacon Physiol. & Med. Rem. in Wks. III. 803 In the midst of molten lead, when it beginneth to congeal, make a little dent. 1811 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory iii. 649 When cooled down to −25°, ether congeals in brilliant transparent plates. 1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. ii. vi. 157 [The temperature] at which quicksilver congeals. 6. a. gen. To become solid by a process resembling freezing; †to crystallize, petrify, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > become (more) dense or solid [verb (intransitive)] thicka1000 starkOE congealc1400 starken?a1513 concrease1578 thicken1598 knit1605 condensate1607 fix1626 saddena1642 concretea1676 incrassate1733 solidify1837 consolidate1885 c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) v. 15 Þe water of þe whilk [laake] ilk a ȝere..congelez in to gude salt. 1568 Bible (Bishops') Exod. xv. 8 The fluddes stoode still as an heape, and the deepe water congealed togeather. 1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated ii. vi. 93 The Water of it's owne accord congeales into salt. 17.. Berkeley Descr. Cave of Dunmore in Wks. IV. 504 From each of 'em there distils a drop of clear water, which, congealing at the bottom, forms a round, hard, and white stone. †b. To coalesce in a concrete mass. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > state of being thick enough to retain form > be thick enough to retain form [verb (intransitive)] > cohere clingOE clitchc1400 clutchc1425 coagmentate1578 congeal1584 clung1601 cohere1616 conglutinatea1625 1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health clxxix. 144 Their slymynesse will cause the grauell sooner to congeale, and gather to a stone. 7. To stiffen into a viscid jelly-like consistency; to coagulate, clot, or curdle, as milk or blood. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > state of being thick enough to retain form > be thick enough to retain form [verb (intransitive)] > coagulate runeOE curda1382 congealc1400 clotterc1405 clodder1499 cludder1540 yearna1568 quar1578 curdle1586 clot1591 coagulate1600 clod1639 concoagulate1666 earn1670 set1736 keech1863 c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xiv. 152 It [Manna] cometh of the dew of heuene, þat falleth vpon the herbes..And it congeleth [Roxb. coagules] & becometh all white & swete. ?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens iv. sig. Nij^v The blode that can not congele. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. xxii. 34 The juyce..causeth the same milke to congeale and crudde. c1590 C. Marlowe Faustus v, in Wks. (1910) 86/1 My blood congeals and I can write no more. 8. figurative. ΚΠ a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) ii. i. 480 Least zeale now melted..Coole and congeale againe to what it was. View more context for this quotation a1839 W. M. Praed Poems (1864) I. 210 Now all is over! passion is congealing. 1860 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters V. 182 Their trees always had a tendency to congeal into little acicular thorn-hedges, and never tossed free. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.c1384
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