anthraciten.adj.

Brit.

/ˈanθrəsʌɪt/, U.S.

/ˈænθrəˌsaɪt/

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French anthracite.

Etymology: < French anthracite (1771 denoting a variety of coal; earlier denoting a kind of schist (1752)) < ancient Greek ἀνθρακ- , ἄνθραξ charcoal (see anthrax n.) + French -ite -ite suffix¹. Compare Italian antracite (1797; < French). Compare earlier anthracites n.The use to denote a dark grey colour (see sense 2) is not paralleled in French until much later than in English (1952).

1. Coal of a hard, dense, non-bituminous variety that consists of relatively pure carbon and burns with little flame and smoke; (as a count noun) an example or form of such coal. Also called glance-coal, blind-coal, stone-coal.Cf. note at coal n. 4a.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > coal or types of coal > [noun]

coal1253

sea-coal1253

pit-coal1483

cannel1541

earth coala1552

horse coal1552

Newcastle coal1552

stone-coal1585

cannel coal1587

parrot1594

burn-coal1597

lithanthrax1612

stony coal1617

Welsh coala1618

land-coala1661

foot coal1665

peacock coal1686

rough coal1686

white coal1686

heathen-coalc1697

coal-stone1708

round1708

stone-coal1708

bench-coal1712

slipper coal1712

black coal1713

culm1742

rock coal1750

board coal1761

Bovey coal1761

house coal1784

mineral coal1785

splint1789

splint coal1789

jet coal1794

anthracite1797

wood-coal1799

blind-coal1802

black diamond1803

silk-coal1803

glance-coal1805

lignite1808

Welsh stone-coal1808

soft1811

spout coals1821

spouter1821

Wallsend1821

brown coal1833

paper coal1833

steam-coal1850

peat-coal1851

cherry-coal1853

household1854

sinter coal1854

oil coal1856

raker1857

Kilkenny coal1861

Pottery coal1867

silkstone1867

block coal1871

admiralty1877

rattlejack1877

bunker1883

fusain1883

smitham1883

bunker coal1885

triping1886

trolley coal1890

kibble1891

sea-borne1892

jet1893

steam1897

sack coal1898

Welsh1898

navigation coal1900

Coalite1906

clarain1919

durain1919

vitrain1919

single1921

kolm1930

hards1956

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [noun] > coal > anthracite

culm1742

rock coal1750

anthracite1797

blind-coal1802

glance-coal1805

Kilkenny coal1861

1797 Monthly Rev. 23 548 Stone-coal..should rank with anthracite.

1812 H. Davy Elements Chem. Philos. 313 The anthracite of Kilkenny..has all the characters of well burned charcoal.

1853 W. C. Bryant Poems (new ed.) 160 Dark anthracite! that reddenest on my hearth.

1858 H. D. Rogers Geol. Pennsylvania II. ii. 990 The Anthracites being properly separable into Hard Anthracites and Semi-anthracites.

a1910 ‘M. Twain’ Autobiography (2010) I. 249 His grating uncanny French..sounds like shoveling anthracite down a coal-chute.

1955 Nature 5 Feb. 229/1 Coals form a series ranging from peats, through the lignites to bituminous coals and anthracites.

1966 R. Silverberg Forgotten by Time 182 Where conditions were right, pressure from above turned the peat into bituminous, or ‘soft’, coal, and then into anthracite, or ‘hard’, coal.

2002 P. Long Guide to Rural Wales vii. 287/1 The harbour was constructed in the 1820s primarily for the export of anthracite.

2. The dark grey colour of this coal. Also attributive or as adj. Cf. coal-black adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > grey or greyness > [noun] > dark grey

parson grey1760

Oxford grey1822

anthracite1873

charcoal grey1907

shadow-grey1918

Oxford1926

charcoal1952

1873 C. G. Leland Egyptian Sketch-bk. 118 There were many other shades besides anthracite, ranging from rusty-stove to sole-leather,..old or new ivory, and so on.

1889 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) Coal-black: as the anthracite hawk, Urubitinga anthracina.

1913 Illustr. Milliner Apr. 28/2 The gray range includes..a sombre anthracite shade.

1963 Harper's Bazaar Feb. 15/1 Simple shapes with a pleasing contrast of shiny anthracite and mat-white [sic].

2006 Vanity Fair Jan. 62/1 A young lady with almost anthracite skin.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

anthracite coal n.

ΚΠ

1818 Analectic Mag. June 486 We proceed upwards from the transition anthracite coal, through the independent coal formation to the wood or bovey coal.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. vii. iii. 414 Anthracite coal; difficult to kindle, but then which nothing will put out.

1952 W. J. Miller Introd. Hist. Geol. (ed. 6) xvi. 175 The famous Mammoth bed is anthracite coal in northeastern Pennsylvania.

2000 F. E. Banks Energy Econ. v. 117 Another system divides coal into black coal, which ranges from subbituminous to anthracite coal.., and brown coal.

anthracite stove n.

ΚΠ

1830 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 6 New Ser. 338 An explosion..occurred in the pipe and drum of an anthracite stove.

1948 L. E. H. Whitby Nurses' Handbk. Hygiene (ed. 8) i. 29 Closed anthracite stoves are unhealthy in that they make the air dry.

2014 J. E. Cupis Tea & Crumpets 15 I can see her yet, seated by the anthracite stove in the kitchen.

C2.

anthracite basin n. Geology a basin (basin n. 13) containing deposits of anthracite.

ΚΠ

1838 Hesperian Sept. 365/1 If we turn to the southern anthracite basin,..we behold a mass of coal measures.

1955 Econ. Hist. 15 211 Of much greater importance in lowering costs was the use of the anthracite basin in South Wales.

2004 S. P. Adams Old Dominion, Industr. Commonw. 139 The survey had run out of time in its exploration of the Wyoming and Lackawanna anthracite basins.

anthracite bed n. Geology a stratum of anthracite.

ΚΠ

1821 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 3 7 We should be greatly obliged to any persons who will transmit specimens, especially from the anthracite beds near the Susquehannah.

1915 Bull. Amer. Geogr. Soc. 47 790 Anthracite beds of considerable importance have been developed.

2001 K. S. Deffeyes Hubbert's Peak vii. 136 An exploration geologist found an anthracite bed on the other side of the world.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	anthracite
释义	anthraciten.adj. Brit. /ˈanθrəsʌɪt/, U.S. /ˈænθrəˌsaɪt/ Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French anthracite. Etymology: < French anthracite (1771 denoting a variety of coal; earlier denoting a kind of schist (1752)) < ancient Greek ἀνθρακ- , ἄνθραξ charcoal (see anthrax n.) + French -ite -ite suffix¹. Compare Italian antracite (1797; < French). Compare earlier anthracites n.The use to denote a dark grey colour (see sense 2) is not paralleled in French until much later than in English (1952). 1. Coal of a hard, dense, non-bituminous variety that consists of relatively pure carbon and burns with little flame and smoke; (as a count noun) an example or form of such coal. Also called glance-coal, blind-coal, stone-coal.Cf. note at coal n. 4a. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > coal or types of coal > [noun] coal1253 sea-coal1253 pit-coal1483 cannel1541 earth coala1552 horse coal1552 Newcastle coal1552 stone-coal1585 cannel coal1587 parrot1594 burn-coal1597 lithanthrax1612 stony coal1617 Welsh coala1618 land-coala1661 foot coal1665 peacock coal1686 rough coal1686 white coal1686 heathen-coalc1697 coal-stone1708 round1708 stone-coal1708 bench-coal1712 slipper coal1712 black coal1713 culm1742 rock coal1750 board coal1761 Bovey coal1761 house coal1784 mineral coal1785 splint1789 splint coal1789 jet coal1794 anthracite1797 wood-coal1799 blind-coal1802 black diamond1803 silk-coal1803 glance-coal1805 lignite1808 Welsh stone-coal1808 soft1811 spout coals1821 spouter1821 Wallsend1821 brown coal1833 paper coal1833 steam-coal1850 peat-coal1851 cherry-coal1853 household1854 sinter coal1854 oil coal1856 raker1857 Kilkenny coal1861 Pottery coal1867 silkstone1867 block coal1871 admiralty1877 rattlejack1877 bunker1883 fusain1883 smitham1883 bunker coal1885 triping1886 trolley coal1890 kibble1891 sea-borne1892 jet1893 steam1897 sack coal1898 Welsh1898 navigation coal1900 Coalite1906 clarain1919 durain1919 vitrain1919 single1921 kolm1930 hards1956 the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [noun] > coal > anthracite culm1742 rock coal1750 anthracite1797 blind-coal1802 glance-coal1805 Kilkenny coal1861 1797 Monthly Rev. 23 548 Stone-coal..should rank with anthracite. 1812 H. Davy Elements Chem. Philos. 313 The anthracite of Kilkenny..has all the characters of well burned charcoal. 1853 W. C. Bryant Poems (new ed.) 160 Dark anthracite! that reddenest on my hearth. 1858 H. D. Rogers Geol. Pennsylvania II. ii. 990 The Anthracites being properly separable into Hard Anthracites and Semi-anthracites. a1910 ‘M. Twain’ Autobiography (2010) I. 249 His grating uncanny French..sounds like shoveling anthracite down a coal-chute. 1955 Nature 5 Feb. 229/1 Coals form a series ranging from peats, through the lignites to bituminous coals and anthracites. 1966 R. Silverberg Forgotten by Time 182 Where conditions were right, pressure from above turned the peat into bituminous, or ‘soft’, coal, and then into anthracite, or ‘hard’, coal. 2002 P. Long Guide to Rural Wales vii. 287/1 The harbour was constructed in the 1820s primarily for the export of anthracite. 2. The dark grey colour of this coal. Also attributive or as adj. Cf. coal-black adj. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > grey or greyness > [noun] > dark grey parson grey1760 Oxford grey1822 anthracite1873 charcoal grey1907 shadow-grey1918 Oxford1926 charcoal1952 1873 C. G. Leland Egyptian Sketch-bk. 118 There were many other shades besides anthracite, ranging from rusty-stove to sole-leather,..old or new ivory, and so on. 1889 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) Coal-black: as the anthracite hawk, Urubitinga anthracina. 1913 Illustr. Milliner Apr. 28/2 The gray range includes..a sombre anthracite shade. 1963 Harper's Bazaar Feb. 15/1 Simple shapes with a pleasing contrast of shiny anthracite and mat-white [sic]. 2006 Vanity Fair Jan. 62/1 A young lady with almost anthracite skin. Compounds C1. General attributive. anthracite coal n. ΚΠ 1818 Analectic Mag. June 486 We proceed upwards from the transition anthracite coal, through the independent coal formation to the wood or bovey coal. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. vii. iii. 414 Anthracite coal; difficult to kindle, but then which nothing will put out. 1952 W. J. Miller Introd. Hist. Geol. (ed. 6) xvi. 175 The famous Mammoth bed is anthracite coal in northeastern Pennsylvania. 2000 F. E. Banks Energy Econ. v. 117 Another system divides coal into black coal, which ranges from subbituminous to anthracite coal.., and brown coal. anthracite stove n. ΚΠ 1830 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 6 New Ser. 338 An explosion..occurred in the pipe and drum of an anthracite stove. 1948 L. E. H. Whitby Nurses' Handbk. Hygiene (ed. 8) i. 29 Closed anthracite stoves are unhealthy in that they make the air dry. 2014 J. E. Cupis Tea & Crumpets 15 I can see her yet, seated by the anthracite stove in the kitchen. C2. anthracite basin n. Geology a basin (basin n. 13) containing deposits of anthracite. ΚΠ 1838 Hesperian Sept. 365/1 If we turn to the southern anthracite basin,..we behold a mass of coal measures. 1955 Econ. Hist. 15 211 Of much greater importance in lowering costs was the use of the anthracite basin in South Wales. 2004 S. P. Adams Old Dominion, Industr. Commonw. 139 The survey had run out of time in its exploration of the Wyoming and Lackawanna anthracite basins. anthracite bed n. Geology a stratum of anthracite. ΚΠ 1821 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 3 7 We should be greatly obliged to any persons who will transmit specimens, especially from the anthracite beds near the Susquehannah. 1915 Bull. Amer. Geogr. Soc. 47 790 Anthracite beds of considerable importance have been developed. 2001 K. S. Deffeyes Hubbert's Peak vii. 136 An exploration geologist found an anthracite bed on the other side of the world. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.adj.1797
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