-osissuffix

Primary stress is attracted to the first syllable of this suffix and vowels may be reduced accordingly; see e.g. myelosis n.

Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymon: Greek -ωσις.

Etymology: < ancient Greek -ωσις < -ω- , stem vowel of derivative verbs in -όω + -σις -sis suffix. Compare German -osis, French -ose.Ancient Greek nouns in -ωσις may be formed by the addition of the suffix -σις to derivative verbs in -όω from adjective and noun stems or combining forms in ο-: e.g. ἀμαύρωσις darkening, obscuration of sight, amaurosis < ἀμαυρόω I darken < ἀμαυρός dark; μεταμόρϕωσις transformation < μεταμορϕόω < μετά + μορϕή form. Many such words also were formed directly from the nouns or adjectives themselves, or their compounds, without the intervention of a verb in -όω : e.g. ἀνθράκωσις malignant ulcer, anthracosis < ἄνθρακο- , ἄνθραξ coal, carbuncle; ἐξόστωσις outgrowth of bone, exostosis < ἐξ out + ὀστέον bone. Many ancient and Hellenistic Greek terms have been adopted in classical, post-classical, or scientific Latin, from where they have passed into English use. The earliest such loans are sclerosis n. and metamorphosis n. (late Middle English). A number of rhetorical terms are first attested in the 16th and 17th centuries, e.g. anadiplosis n., hysterosis n., meiosis n. Other general terms (mainly philosophical and theological) are first attested at all periods, e.g. metempsychosis n. (16th cent.), apotheosis n. (17th cent.), anamorphosis n. (18th cent.), kenosis n. (19th cent.). The majority of loanwords, however, are scientific, and especially medical terms, e.g. necrosis n. (16th cent.), amaurosis n. (17th cent.), thrombosis n. (18th cent.), etc. On the analogy of these last, others have been freely formed in scientific Latin, English, and other modern languages, from Greek and Latin elements, early examples being chlorosis n. (17th cent.), neurosis n. (18th cent.). From the 19th cent. onwards great numbers have been formed, e.g. cyanosis n., trichinosis n., tuberculosis n., etc. Formations with English first elements occur from the 20th cent., e.g. acidosis n., virosis n. The plural of such words is usually -oses , but -osises is occasionally found. The older pronunciation of at least some of these words had the stress on the syllable preceding the suffix: see, e.g., the etymological note at apotheosis n.

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Forming nouns of condition, esp. medical terms, usually denoting a condition of disease, disorder, excess, or infection.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online December 2019).

单词	-osis
释义	-osissuffix Primary stress is attracted to the first syllable of this suffix and vowels may be reduced accordingly; see e.g. myelosis n. Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymon: Greek -ωσις. Etymology: < ancient Greek -ωσις < -ω- , stem vowel of derivative verbs in -όω + -σις -sis suffix. Compare German -osis, French -ose.Ancient Greek nouns in -ωσις may be formed by the addition of the suffix -σις to derivative verbs in -όω from adjective and noun stems or combining forms in ο-: e.g. ἀμαύρωσις darkening, obscuration of sight, amaurosis < ἀμαυρόω I darken < ἀμαυρός dark; μεταμόρϕωσις transformation < μεταμορϕόω < μετά + μορϕή form. Many such words also were formed directly from the nouns or adjectives themselves, or their compounds, without the intervention of a verb in -όω : e.g. ἀνθράκωσις malignant ulcer, anthracosis < ἄνθρακο- , ἄνθραξ coal, carbuncle; ἐξόστωσις outgrowth of bone, exostosis < ἐξ out + ὀστέον bone. Many ancient and Hellenistic Greek terms have been adopted in classical, post-classical, or scientific Latin, from where they have passed into English use. The earliest such loans are sclerosis n. and metamorphosis n. (late Middle English). A number of rhetorical terms are first attested in the 16th and 17th centuries, e.g. anadiplosis n., hysterosis n., meiosis n. Other general terms (mainly philosophical and theological) are first attested at all periods, e.g. metempsychosis n. (16th cent.), apotheosis n. (17th cent.), anamorphosis n. (18th cent.), kenosis n. (19th cent.). The majority of loanwords, however, are scientific, and especially medical terms, e.g. necrosis n. (16th cent.), amaurosis n. (17th cent.), thrombosis n. (18th cent.), etc. On the analogy of these last, others have been freely formed in scientific Latin, English, and other modern languages, from Greek and Latin elements, early examples being chlorosis n. (17th cent.), neurosis n. (18th cent.). From the 19th cent. onwards great numbers have been formed, e.g. cyanosis n., trichinosis n., tuberculosis n., etc. Formations with English first elements occur from the 20th cent., e.g. acidosis n., virosis n. The plural of such words is usually -oses , but -osises is occasionally found. The older pronunciation of at least some of these words had the stress on the syllable preceding the suffix: see, e.g., the etymological note at apotheosis n. Categories » Forming nouns of condition, esp. medical terms, usually denoting a condition of disease, disorder, excess, or infection. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online December 2019). < suffix
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