compelv.

Brit.

/kəmˈpɛl/, U.S.

/kəmˈpɛl/

Forms: Middle English compelle, Middle English–1600s compell, 1600s– compel. past tense and participle compelled, present participle compelling.

Etymology: < Old French compeller and compellir (14th cent. in Godefroy) to compel, < Latin compellĕre < com- together + pellĕre to drive.

1. transitive. To urge irresistibly, to constrain, oblige, force:

a. a person to do a thing (the usual const.).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > to do something

holdc1275

piltc1275

constraina1340

strength1340

distrainc1374

compelc1380

makec1395

distressa1400

stressa1400

art?1406

putc1450

coerce1475

cohert1475

enforce1509

perforce1509

forcec1540

violent?1551

press1600

necessitate1601

rack1602

restrain1621

reduce1622

oblige1632

necessiate1709

c1380 Antecrist in Todd 3 Treat. Wyclif 116 Þe first persecution..Whenne cristen men weren compellid bi exilyngis, betyngis, and deþis, to make sacrifices to ydols.

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gal. ii. 3 Nether Tyte..was compellid for to be circumsidid.

c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋518 If so be that the lawe compelle yow to swere.

1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 1 Whiche grace..hath compelled me to sette a parte alle ingratitude.

1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. i. f. 48 He is compelled to do him seruice.

1611 Bible (King James) Luke xiv. 23 Compell them to come in.

1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V III. xi. 335 As they could not persuade, they tried to compel them to believe.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People iii. §5. 139 Hunger compelled him to surrender.

b. a person to (into) a course of action, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > to or into an action or state

needeOE

driveOE

strainc1374

halec1400

plunge?c1400

thrust14..

pulla1425

put1425

compel1541

violent?1551

forcec1592

necessitate1629

oblige1632

dragoon1689

press1733

coercea1853

thirl1871

steamroller1959

arm-twist1964

1541 R. Barnes Wks. (1573) 328/1 Thou hast with a Lordly violence compelled them to it [chastitie].

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxii. 122 To compell them to performance.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 619 If our proposals once again were heard We should compel them to a quick result.

1767 Babler No. 63 I. 277 A most excellent lady, who was compelled into a marriage with my betrayer.

1854 J. S. C. Abbott Napoleon (1855) II. 26 Russia should unite her arms with ours, and compel that power to peace.

1869 J. Ruskin Queen of Air §128 Compel the idle into occupation.

c. with simple object: To constrain, force.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)]

needeOE

straita1340

pressa1393

afforcea1400

stressa1400

coactc1400

coarctc1400

strainc1400

compulse?a1475

cohert1475

oppress1523

compel1526

forcec1540

to tie to the stake1544

urge1576

adact1615

duressa1626

coerce1659

railroad1889

to twist the tail1895

steamroll1900

steamroller1912

shanghai1919

bulldozer1945

shotguna1961

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Fiiii Though it [sc. grace] may nat compell the wyll of man.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Job xxxii. 18 For I am full of wordes, & the sprete that is within me, compelleth me.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 175 The lawless Tyrant, who denies..thir..message to regard, Must be compelld by Signes and Judgements dire.

d. absol.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > have motive [verb (intransitive)] > incite or instigate

spura1225

broachc1380

serve1594

exstimulate1603

urge1645

prompt1830

sool1898

compel1903

society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (intransitive)]

compel1903

1903 R. Langbridge Flame & Flood vi A voice that..asked like a child,..coerced like a man, compelled like the bidding of the Cosmos.

1904 L. T. Meade Love Triumphant iii. i ‘I have powerful hands,’ was his answer, ‘hands that compel.’

†a. To take or get by force, to extort. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > extortion > practise extortion on [verb (transitive)] > extort

wringa1300

bribec1405

compela1500

extort1529

poll1559

wrest1565

scruze1590

rack1591

strain1600

squeeze1602

extorque1623

squeeze1639

screw1648

sponge1686

pinch1770

strike1894

a1500 in Gairdner Three 15th c. Chron. (Camden) 76 [They] compelled, dispoyled, rubbed, and distroyed all manner of cattell, vetayll, and riches.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iii. vi. 110 We giue expresse charge, that..there be nothing compell'd from the Villages.

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iv. iii. 323 And I were not a verie Coward, I'de compell it of you.

figurative.1829 W. Scott Anne of Geierstein I. i. 5 Men, who..compelled from the soil a subsistence gained by severe labour.

b. To constrain (an action); to bring about by force, constraint, or moral necessity; to exact by rightful claim; to command.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > produce or obtain by compulsion or force

enforce1531

constrain?c1583

efforce1590

violent1650

compel1673

coercea1850

1673 J. Flavell Fountain of Life vi. 63 He compell'd their assent.

1775 S. Johnson Taxation no Tyranny 74 Our union with the English counties was either compelled by force, etc.

1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. i. 35 The government had no power to compel submission to injustice.

1880 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times III. xxxvii. 141 He compelled a certain admiration from all men.

a. To force to come, go, or proceed; to drive forcibly, to force. Also (esp. in transl.) in the literal sense of the Latin: To drive or force together; to gather into a company by force. Cf. cloud-compeller n. at cloud n. Compounds 2. (Now rare and poetic.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impelling or driving > impel or drive [verb (transitive)]

driveeOE

sendc950

stira1300

enforce1340

swayc1400

compel1447

force1582

impel1611

impulse1611

to set gone?1611

to knock on1642

pulse1666

command1680

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > by force

compel1628

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > move towards or approach (a thing, place, or person) [verb (transitive)] > bring near > cause to approach each other > drive or force together

compel1700

1447 O. Bokenham Lyvys Seyntys (1835) 55 To thy tabernacle compelle not me.

c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 599 Þair frendes..Compeld þaim to þair erytage.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. i. sig. A3^v She had this Knight from far compeld.

1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. 28 b They compelled the thirty Tyrants out to Eleusis.

1628 T. Hobbes tr. Thucydides Peloponnesian War (1822) 129 Having compelld them within their walled towns.

1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie iv. ii. sig. Uuuu4^v They..sent out 300 Horse and 200 Foot to compell them back unto their ships.

1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Palamon & Arcite iii, in Fables 75 Attended by the Chiefs, who fought the Field; (Now friendly mix'd, and in one Troop compell'd).

1704 J. Swift Full Acct. Battel between Bks. in Tale of Tub 276 Compelling here and there, the Straglers to the Flock.

1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey II. vii. 291 By heav'n's high will compell'd from shore to shore.

a1744 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad (1750) IV. xiii. 454 The fatal tye Is stretch'd on both, and close-compell'd they die.

1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam xvii. 28 Such a breeze Compell'd thy canvas.

1887 Athenæum 1 Oct. 429 He can, Zeus-like, compel the clouds.

b. To force by pressure, compress. Obsolete exc. figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > reduce in size or extent [verb (transitive)] > compress or constrict

thrumc1275

constrainc1374

nip1381

rinea1398

compress1398

withstrainc1400

coarctc1420

pincha1425

strain1426

nipe1440

thrumble1513

comprime?1541

astrict1548

sneap1598

cling1601

wring1603

constringe1609

coarctate1620

compinge1621

choke1635

compel1657

cramp1673

hunch1738

constrict1759

tighten1853

scrunch1861

throttle1863

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > pressing, pressure, or squeezing > press or squeeze [verb (transitive)] > twist, wring, or squeeze out

twistc1374

press1381

expressc1400

outwringc1430

to wring upc1440

queasea1450

dow1481

strain1483

squash1599

crush1602

squeeze1602

squeeze1611

out-scruze1626

compel1657

1657 R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Physical Inst. ii, in Medicinal Dispensatory sig. L3 Wine is compelled from the grapes into hogsheads.

1859 R. C. Trench Comm. Epist. 7 Churches Asia (1861) 167 Before they can compel such scriptures as these into the limits of their system.

†4. To overpower, constrain. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or overwhelm

overcomeeOE

overgangOE

overnimOE

overswivec1175

foldc1275

overgoc1275

to bear downc1330

oversetc1330

outrayc1390

overleada1393

overreach?a1425

overwhelmc1425

to whelve overc1440

overruna1475

surprise1474

overpress1489

surbatea1500

overhale1531

overbear1535

overcrow1550

disable1582

surgain1586

overpower1597

overman1609

to come over ——1637

to run down1655

overpower1667

compel1697

to get over ——1784

overget1877

to grab (also take) by the balls1934

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 244 Easy Sleep their weary Limbs compell'd.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	compel
释义	compelv. Brit. /kəmˈpɛl/, U.S. /kəmˈpɛl/ Forms: Middle English compelle, Middle English–1600s compell, 1600s– compel. past tense and participle compelled, present participle compelling. Etymology: < Old French compeller and compellir (14th cent. in Godefroy) to compel, < Latin compellĕre < com- together + pellĕre to drive. 1. transitive. To urge irresistibly, to constrain, oblige, force: a. a person to do a thing (the usual const.). ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > to do something holdc1275 piltc1275 constraina1340 strength1340 distrainc1374 compelc1380 makec1395 distressa1400 stressa1400 art?1406 putc1450 coerce1475 cohert1475 enforce1509 perforce1509 forcec1540 violent?1551 press1600 necessitate1601 rack1602 restrain1621 reduce1622 oblige1632 necessiate1709 c1380 Antecrist in Todd 3 Treat. Wyclif 116 Þe first persecution..Whenne cristen men weren compellid bi exilyngis, betyngis, and deþis, to make sacrifices to ydols. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gal. ii. 3 Nether Tyte..was compellid for to be circumsidid. c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋518 If so be that the lawe compelle yow to swere. 1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 1 Whiche grace..hath compelled me to sette a parte alle ingratitude. 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. i. f. 48 He is compelled to do him seruice. 1611 Bible (King James) Luke xiv. 23 Compell them to come in. View more context for this quotation 1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V III. xi. 335 As they could not persuade, they tried to compel them to believe. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People iii. §5. 139 Hunger compelled him to surrender. b. a person to (into) a course of action, etc. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > to or into an action or state needeOE driveOE strainc1374 halec1400 plunge?c1400 thrust14.. pulla1425 put1425 compel1541 violent?1551 forcec1592 necessitate1629 oblige1632 dragoon1689 press1733 coercea1853 thirl1871 steamroller1959 arm-twist1964 1541 R. Barnes Wks. (1573) 328/1 Thou hast with a Lordly violence compelled them to it [chastitie]. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxii. 122 To compell them to performance. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 619 If our proposals once again were heard We should compel them to a quick result. View more context for this quotation 1767 Babler No. 63 I. 277 A most excellent lady, who was compelled into a marriage with my betrayer. 1854 J. S. C. Abbott Napoleon (1855) II. 26 Russia should unite her arms with ours, and compel that power to peace. 1869 J. Ruskin Queen of Air §128 Compel the idle into occupation. c. with simple object: To constrain, force. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] needeOE straita1340 pressa1393 afforcea1400 stressa1400 coactc1400 coarctc1400 strainc1400 compulse?a1475 cohert1475 oppress1523 compel1526 forcec1540 to tie to the stake1544 urge1576 adact1615 duressa1626 coerce1659 railroad1889 to twist the tail1895 steamroll1900 steamroller1912 shanghai1919 bulldozer1945 shotguna1961 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Fiiii Though it [sc. grace] may nat compell the wyll of man. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Job xxxii. 18 For I am full of wordes, & the sprete that is within me, compelleth me. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 175 The lawless Tyrant, who denies..thir..message to regard, Must be compelld by Signes and Judgements dire. View more context for this quotation d. absol. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > have motive [verb (intransitive)] > incite or instigate spura1225 broachc1380 serve1594 exstimulate1603 urge1645 prompt1830 sool1898 compel1903 society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (intransitive)] compel1903 1903 R. Langbridge Flame & Flood vi A voice that..asked like a child,..coerced like a man, compelled like the bidding of the Cosmos. 1904 L. T. Meade Love Triumphant iii. i ‘I have powerful hands,’ was his answer, ‘hands that compel.’ 2. †a. To take or get by force, to extort. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > extortion > practise extortion on [verb (transitive)] > extort wringa1300 bribec1405 compela1500 extort1529 poll1559 wrest1565 scruze1590 rack1591 strain1600 squeeze1602 extorque1623 squeeze1639 screw1648 sponge1686 pinch1770 strike1894 a1500 in Gairdner Three 15th c. Chron. (Camden) 76 [They] compelled, dispoyled, rubbed, and distroyed all manner of cattell, vetayll, and riches. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iii. vi. 110 We giue expresse charge, that..there be nothing compell'd from the Villages. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iv. iii. 323 And I were not a verie Coward, I'de compell it of you. figurative.1829 W. Scott Anne of Geierstein I. i. 5 Men, who..compelled from the soil a subsistence gained by severe labour. b. To constrain (an action); to bring about by force, constraint, or moral necessity; to exact by rightful claim; to command. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > produce or obtain by compulsion or force enforce1531 constrain?c1583 efforce1590 violent1650 compel1673 coercea1850 1673 J. Flavell Fountain of Life vi. 63 He compell'd their assent. 1775 S. Johnson Taxation no Tyranny 74 Our union with the English counties was either compelled by force, etc. 1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. i. 35 The government had no power to compel submission to injustice. 1880 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times III. xxxvii. 141 He compelled a certain admiration from all men. 3. a. To force to come, go, or proceed; to drive forcibly, to force. Also (esp. in transl.) in the literal sense of the Latin: To drive or force together; to gather into a company by force. Cf. cloud-compeller n. at cloud n. Compounds 2. (Now rare and poetic.) ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impelling or driving > impel or drive [verb (transitive)] driveeOE sendc950 stira1300 enforce1340 swayc1400 compel1447 force1582 impel1611 impulse1611 to set gone?1611 to knock on1642 pulse1666 command1680 the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > by force compel1628 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > move towards or approach (a thing, place, or person) [verb (transitive)] > bring near > cause to approach each other > drive or force together compel1700 1447 O. Bokenham Lyvys Seyntys (1835) 55 To thy tabernacle compelle not me. c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 599 Þair frendes..Compeld þaim to þair erytage. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. i. sig. A3^v She had this Knight from far compeld. 1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. 28 b They compelled the thirty Tyrants out to Eleusis. 1628 T. Hobbes tr. Thucydides Peloponnesian War (1822) 129 Having compelld them within their walled towns. 1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie iv. ii. sig. Uuuu4^v They..sent out 300 Horse and 200 Foot to compell them back unto their ships. 1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Palamon & Arcite iii, in Fables 75 Attended by the Chiefs, who fought the Field; (Now friendly mix'd, and in one Troop compell'd). 1704 J. Swift Full Acct. Battel between Bks. in Tale of Tub 276 Compelling here and there, the Straglers to the Flock. 1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey II. vii. 291 By heav'n's high will compell'd from shore to shore. a1744 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad (1750) IV. xiii. 454 The fatal tye Is stretch'd on both, and close-compell'd they die. 1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam xvii. 28 Such a breeze Compell'd thy canvas. View more context for this quotation 1887 Athenæum 1 Oct. 429 He can, Zeus-like, compel the clouds. b. To force by pressure, compress. Obsolete exc. figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > reduce in size or extent [verb (transitive)] > compress or constrict thrumc1275 constrainc1374 nip1381 rinea1398 compress1398 withstrainc1400 coarctc1420 pincha1425 strain1426 nipe1440 thrumble1513 comprime?1541 astrict1548 sneap1598 cling1601 wring1603 constringe1609 coarctate1620 compinge1621 choke1635 compel1657 cramp1673 hunch1738 constrict1759 tighten1853 scrunch1861 throttle1863 the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > pressing, pressure, or squeezing > press or squeeze [verb (transitive)] > twist, wring, or squeeze out twistc1374 press1381 expressc1400 outwringc1430 to wring upc1440 queasea1450 dow1481 strain1483 squash1599 crush1602 squeeze1602 squeeze1611 out-scruze1626 compel1657 1657 R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Physical Inst. ii, in Medicinal Dispensatory sig. L3 Wine is compelled from the grapes into hogsheads. 1859 R. C. Trench Comm. Epist. 7 Churches Asia (1861) 167 Before they can compel such scriptures as these into the limits of their system. †4. To overpower, constrain. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or overwhelm overcomeeOE overgangOE overnimOE overswivec1175 foldc1275 overgoc1275 to bear downc1330 oversetc1330 outrayc1390 overleada1393 overreach?a1425 overwhelmc1425 to whelve overc1440 overruna1475 surprise1474 overpress1489 surbatea1500 overhale1531 overbear1535 overcrow1550 disable1582 surgain1586 overpower1597 overman1609 to come over ——1637 to run down1655 overpower1667 compel1697 to get over ——1784 overget1877 to grab (also take) by the balls1934 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 244 Easy Sleep their weary Limbs compell'd. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.c1380
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