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单词 concave
释义

concaven.

/ˈkɒnkeɪv/
Etymology: < Old French concave, < concave adjective: compare Latin concava hollows. Appears to be earlier in English than the adjective; but in later uses it is only an absolute use of the adjective. Not unfrequently stressed conˈcave by poets.
1.
a. A hollow; a cavity. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > hollowness > [noun] > a cavity or hollow
hollowc897
wombOE
holkc1000
dalkc1325
hollownessc1374
spaciosity?a1425
pitc1480
concavitya1513
doupa1522
capacity?1541
cavity?1541
concave?1541
vacuation?1541
vacuity?1541
sound1603
cave1605
ferme1612
ventriclea1631
core1663
want1664
uterus1692
excavation1781
hog trough1807
?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens ii. sig. Lj In the fyrste concaue is receyued the roundnes of Cohas aforesayd.
a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. E Bred in the concaue of some monstrous rocke.
1602 J. Marston Hist. Antonio & Mellida iii. sig. E3v I will warble to the delicious concaue of my Mistresse eare.
1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. Wj [Miners] in the Bowels and Concaves of the Earth.
1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision I. ix. 35 Doth ever any Into this rueful concave's extreme depth Descend?
b. A cylindrical or spherical cavity; the bore of a gun, etc. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [noun] > bore
cylinder?a1560
bore1572
concave1595
concavity1669
1595 S. Daniel First Fowre Bks. Ciuile Warres v. liii. sig. Cc2 They mineralls combustible doe finde, Which in stoppt concaues placed cunningly They fire.
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. xiv. 65 The Sillinder or Concaue..is the bore of the Peece.
1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. iii. 52 Then put into the two concaves a round Bullet, that will just fill them both.
c. A concave part of a machine, as of a thresher.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > [noun] > of specific shape
cheek1487
ward1599
screw worm1648
ball1675
swan-neck1686
cone1832
goose-neck1843
spider1860
concave1874
1874 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. I. 604/2 The example shows a concave in which each slat rests upon a spring, and the grain escapes through the intervening spaces.
2.
a. A concave surface, or the structure presenting it; a vault, arch, hemisphere, etc., as viewed from the centre; often applied to the vault of the sky.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > curved surface > [noun] > concavity > a concave surface
hollowc897
concavity1483
concave1554
belly1607
1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour l. 6247 in Wks. (1931) I All dede thyngis corporall, Onder the Concaue of the Heuin Impyre.
16.. J. Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 127 The inside, or concave, is covered with most exquisite Mosaic.
1651 H. More Second Lash of Alazanomastix in Enthusiasmus Triumphatus (1656) 191 All to the very concave [i.e. ‘sphere’] of the Moon.
1660 tr. I. Barrow Euclide's Elements iii. 56 Those lines that fall on the concave of the circumference.
1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab i. 12 The chariot's way Lay through the midst of an immense concave.
1870 R. A. Proctor Other Worlds than Ours ii. 45 Every single star that shines upon us from the celestial concave.
b. spec. The vault of heaven.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > sky, heavens > [noun]
roofeOE
welkinc825
heaveneOE
heightOE
heavenOE
liftOE
loftOE
welkin1122
skies?a1289
firmamentc1290
skewa1300
spherea1300
skewsc1320
hemispherec1374
cope of heavenc1380
clouda1400
skya1425
elementc1485
axle-treea1522
scrowc1540
pole1572
horizona1577
vaulta1586
round?1593
the cope1596
pend1599
floor1600
canopy1604
cope1609
expansion1611
concameration1625
convex1627
concave1635
expansum1635
blue1647
the expanse1667
blue blanket1726
empyrean1727
carry1788
span1803
overhead1865
1635 J. Swan Speculum Mundi iv. §2. 76 On high within the concave, as are the fowls and starres.
1770 E. Nicklin in Monthly Rev. 406 Loud clamour rising rends the vast concave.
1807 J. Barlow Columbiad x. 376 Let..all the concave flame in one clear sun.
1864 W. W. Skeat tr. J. L. Uhland Songs & Ballads 21 Around me spreads the blue concave.
3. A concave lens, speculum, etc. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > lens > [noun] > other lenses
concave1632
globe1653
meniscus1693
hemispherule1696
convex1705
omphaloptic1728
omphalopter1738
crown lens1764
achromatic1785
condenser1798
meniscus lens1820
Fresnel lens1835
bull's-eye1839
Stanhope lens1850
spot lens1860
amplifier1866
achromat1873
projectora1884
aplanat1890
triplet condenser1892
Aldis lens1902
monocentric1922
Schmidt correcting plate1934
coated lens1948
Panavision1955
Schmidt correcting lens1961
re-imaging1962
1632 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 4) ii. ii. iv. 281 To represent solid bodies by Cylinders and Concaues, to walke in the aire.
1685 R. Boyle Ess. Effects of Motion viii. 96 An expert Artificer, that made metalline Concaves.
1797 H. Brougham in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 87 377 Glass concaves were freer from these hairs.
4. A card prepared for cheating by being cut slightly concave on two edges: cf. quot. 1873.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > card-sharping or cheating > [noun] > card or cards
bum-cardc1555
key card1805
concave1825
strippers1843
convex1874
reader1887
stacked deck1964
1825 C. M. Westmacott Eng. Spy I. 271 Every leg and Greek who play the concave suit.
1873 Slang Dict. Concaves and convexes, a pack of cards contrived for cheating, by cutting all the cards from the two to the seven concave, and all from the eight to the king convex. Then by cutting the pack breadthwise a convex card is cut, and by cutting it lengthwise a concave is secured.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

concaveadj.

/ˈkɒnkeɪv/
Etymology: < French concave (14th cent. Oresme), < Latin concavus , < con- + cavus hollow: see cave n.1
1. Having an internal hole or cavity; hollow.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > curved surface > [adjective] > concave
hollc1000
hollowa1250
denteda1398
concaved?1541
saddle-backed1545
vaulty1545
concave?a1560
sinuated1578
inboweda1586
inbowing1603
inwinding1610
hollowed1613
crusy1625
simous1634
invex1688
scooped1726
depressed1753
hollowed-out1755
scooping1821
shell1823
welled1848
concaving1871
incaved-
the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > hollowness > [adjective]
hollc1000
hollowa1250
hollowyc1400
howea1500
kosche1513
cave1540
boss1553
concave?a1560
concavous1578
unkernelled1584
void1597
wombya1616
cavous1698
cavernous1830
cavitary1861
?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xxx. sig. Iiv The concaue Cylinders.
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iii. iv. 23 I doe thinke him as concaue as a couered goblet, or a Worme-eaten nut. View more context for this quotation
1659 T. Willsford Architectonice 24 A concave vessel containing a cubical yard.
2.
a. Having the outline or surface curved like the interior of a circle or sphere; having a curvature that presents a hollow to the point of observation; the reverse of convex; incurvated.
ΚΠ
1594 T. Blundeville Exercises iii. i. f. 127v The vpper part of such vault is said to be conuex, and ye inward part concaue.
1656 tr. T. Hobbes Elements Philos. iii. xix. 207 If two straight converging lines..fall upon the concave circumference of a circle.
1753 W. Hogarth Anal. Beauty xii. 101 It will..appear concave like a bason.
1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 39 The screw cut by a tap is called an inside or concave screw.
1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) I. 72 The grinding surface of the under [mill-] stone is a little convex..and that of the upper stone a little concave.
1880 A. Günther Introd. Study of Fishes 51 The vertebra..with a concave anterior and posterior surface.
b. esp. used of glasses, lenses, mirrors, etc., made in this form for optical purposes.
ΚΠ
?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. vi. sig. Ciij v Playne conuese or concaue glasses.
a1679 T. Hobbes Seven Philos. Probl. (1682) iv. 33 How comes the Light of the Sun to burn almost any combustible matter by refraction through a convex glass, and by reflection from a concave?
1832 D. Brewster Lett. Nat. Magic iv. 61 The concave mirror is the staple instrument of the magician's cabinet.
1869 J. Tyndall Notes 9 Lect. on Light §156 Double concave, with both surfaces concave. Plano-concave, with one surface plane and the other concave.
1879 T. Bryant Man. Pract. Surg. (ed. 3) I. viii. 301 Until we have found the weakest concave lens with which distant letters can be most plainly seen.

Compounds

C1.
concave-planned adj.
ΚΠ
a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) I. 84 A rudimental relic of the concave-planned abacus.
C2.
concave-plane n. a plane with a curved sole, used for smoothing concave surfaces.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > shaping tools or equipment > plane > [noun] > for curved surfaces
spokeshave1510
hollow-plane1678
round1793
fork-staff-plane1815
howel1846
compass-plane1849
spout plane1855
concave-plane1874
hoop-shave1885
1874 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. I. 604/2 Concave Plane, a compass-plane for smoothing curved surfaces.

Draft additions 1993

Mathematics. Of a plane figure, a solid, a set (of points), etc.: not convex (convex adj. and n. Additions). Of a function: such that its negative is convex.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > geometry > [adjective] > geometrical property
acentric1831
orientated1857
convex1858
unicursal1866
oriented1875
dual1910
concave1942
traceless1966
the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [adjective] > relating to expressions > relating to functions
generating1671
exponential1704
discontinuous1803
functional1806
odd1812
periodic1820
syzygetic1850
convex1858
graphometric1865
polycyclic1869
subrational1875
synectic1876
variational1879
polyhedral1881
holomorphic1886
tropical1887
Gudermannian1888
monogeneous1888
monotonous1890
oscillating1893
monotonic1901
monotone1903
orthogonalized1909
schlicht1925
concave1942
deconvolved1974
unate1978
1942 G. James & R. C. James Math. Dict. 41/1 An arc of a curve is concave toward a point (or line) if every segment of the arc cut off by a secant lies on the opposite side of the secant from the point (or line).
1974 Adby & Dempster Introd. Optimization Methods i. 10 The function f is concave if -f is convex.
1986 Oxf. Econ. Papers July 344 The production functions are concave and homogeneous of degree one.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

concavev.

/ˈkɒnkeɪv/
Etymology: < concave adj.: compare Latin concavāre in same sense.
transitive. To make concave; †to vault, arch over or round.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > curved surface > form curved surface [verb (transitive)] > like vault or dome > over something
concave1652
overbower1807
the world > space > shape > curvature > curved surface > form curved surface [verb (transitive)] > make concave
hollowc1450
incavate1727
to jaw away1802
dish1805
concave1818
saucer1855
spoon1897
cup1909
1652 E. Benlowes Theophila x. lxvi. 187 Pride concav'd Satans Hall.
1795 A. Seward Let. 16 Nov. (1811) IV. 118 That western bay [Cardigan] concaved by vast mountains.
1818 J. Brown Psyche 15 A smile (tho' none for sundry years Concav'd her cheek) for once appears.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online September 2018).
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n.?1541adj.?a1560v.1652
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更新时间:2024/9/21 13:56:09