comparativeadj.n.

Brit.

/kəmˈparətɪv/, U.S.

/kəmˈpɛrədɪv/

Etymology: < Latin comparātīvus of or pertaining to comparison, < comparāt- participial stem of comparāre : see -ive suffix. Compare French comparatif, -ive.

A. adj.

a. Of or pertaining to comparison; that compares or involves comparison.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > [adjective]

comparative1602

similitudinarily1624

comparate1650

1602 W. Fulbecke Parallele or Conf. Law ii. Ded. 1 A comparatiue discourse of the lawes.

1754 J. Edwards Careful Enq. Freedom of Will ii. x. 91 An Act of Choice or Preference is a comparative Act, wherein the Mind acts with Reference to..Things that are compared.

1845 G. E. Day tr. J. F. Simon Animal Chem. I. 214 The comparative analyses of the blood of the hepatic vein and of the vena portæ.

1875 H. J. S. Maine Lect. Early Hist. Inst. i. 18 The Comparative method of investigation.

b. spec. Involving comparison of different branches of a science or subject of study; as comparative anatomy, comparative philology, etc. So comparative anatomist one versed in comparative anatomy; comparative mythologist an expert in comparative mythology. comparative psychology n. the study of behavior, cognition, perception, and social relationships of man and animals.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > [adjective] > of different branches of study

comparative1675

the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [noun] > dissection > dissector or vivisector

zootomist1663

prosector1801

necrotomist1849

comparative anatomist1854

vivisector1863

anatomizer1873

vivisectionist1879

the mind > language > linguistics > other schools of linguistics > [noun] > comparative linguistics

comparative grammar1872

comparative philology1882

1675 N. Grew (title) Comparative Anatomy of the Trunks of Plants.

1765 J. Gregory Compar. View i. 8 The comparative Anatomy of brute Animals.

1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 296 The species restored by Cuvier from fossil remains... The great comparative anatomist called it anoplotherium.

1865 E. B. Tylor Res. Early Hist. Mankind i. 3 The new school of Comparative Mythologists in Germany and England.

1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) II. ix. 357 Belong less to the province of the historian than to that of the comparative mythologist.

1872 O. W. Holmes Poet at Breakfast-table vi. 175 You must have comparative theology as you have comparative anatomy.

1882 Times 18 Mar. 4/5 Comparative art history was in as primitive a stage as comparative philology.

2. Grammar. Applied to that derived form of an adjective or adverb used, in comparing two objects of thought, to express a higher degree of the quality or attribute denoted by the simple word, as tru-er, often-er (or to the periphrasis used in the same sense, as more true, more often); the adjective or adverb being then said to be in the comparative degree. Cf. comparison n., positive v.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > other grammatical categories or concepts > [adjective] > degree of comparison > comparative

comparative1447

comparatival1900

1447 O. Bokenham Lyvys Seyntys (1835) 161 Envye Be twyx them tweyn owyth no more to be Than is be twyn a posatyve and a comparatyve degre.

1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Gram. sig. B4 The comparatiue exceedeth the positiue.

1669 J. Milton Accedence 13 There be two degrees above the positive word it self, The Comparative, and Superlative.

1795 L. Murray Eng. Gram. 163 If the members in comparative sentences are short.

1876 C. P. Mason Eng. Gram. (ed. 21) 37 The Comparative Degree of an adjective is that form of it by means of which we show that one thing, or set of things, possesses a certain quality or attribute in a greater degree than another thing, or set of things.

a. Estimated by comparison; considered as compared with something else.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > [adjective] > estimated by comparison

comparative1597

collated1644

1597 F. Bacon Of Coulers Good & Euill (Arb.) vi. 147 The..blossome is a positiue good, although the remoue of it to giue place to the fruite be a comparatiue good.

1746 J. Jortin Disc. Truth Christian Relig. iv. (R.) The Christian institution ought to take place of the Mosiac upon account of the comparative weakness and unprofitableness of the first covenant.

1821 W. M. Craig Lect. Drawing ii. 109 The different processes of painting, and their comparative advantages.

1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues III. 153 The comparative claims of pleasures and wisdom.

b. In modern use often denoting a slighter or imperfect degree of the quality, condition, etc., spoken of: That is such when compared with something else implied or thought of; not positive or absolute; relative. (Cf. comparatively adv. 2b.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > smallness of quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective] > less > denoting a slighter degree of anything

comparative1774

the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > [adjective] > estimated by comparison > (merely) relative

proportionable1654

comparative1774

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VI. 345 This comparative neglect of food..found in all the tribes of fresh water fishes.

1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Alice I. i. x. 76 It is scarcely right..to commit Evelyn to the care of comparative strangers.

1875 W. S. Jevons Money (1878) 31 A matter of comparative indifference.

1878 A. Brassey Voy. Sunbeam xiv. 243 I sat out in the open air in comparative comfort.

†4. ‘Quick at comparisons’ (Schmidt). humorous. Cf. comparison n. 3b.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of meaning > [adjective] > of the nature of a similitude > using satirical simile

comparative1598

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. ii. 80 Thou..art indeed the most comparatiue rascalliest sweet yong Prince.

†5. ? Serving as a means of comparison. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) ii. iii. 126 Thou wer't dignified enough..if 'twere made Comparatiue for your Vertues, to be stil'd The vnder Hangman of his Kingdome.

†6. Comparable, worthy to be compared. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > [adjective] > capable of comparison

comparable1413

comparative1632

consortablea1639

commensurable1654

collatablea1834

assimilable1849

equatable1893

the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > [adjective] > worthy of comparison

comparable1483

comparative1632

1632 R. Le Grys tr. Velleius Paterculus Romane Hist. 159.

1686 J. S. Hist. Monastical Convent. 54 Their Apparel being comparative to that of the Dominicans, or Prædicants.

1773 J. Ross Fratricide (MS) ii. 614 Beholding all in tears, and Adam stretch'd So on his Couch, comparative with death.

1819 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto II cxxxvii. 187 None Had suffer'd more—his hardships were comparative To those related in my grand-dad's Narrative.

†7. In competition or rivalry. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > [adjective] > competing

rival1592

emulative1593

emulating1610

corrivinga1618

emulous1617

corrival1646

comparative1654

rivalling1668

contesting1697

rivalrous1831

co-rival1832

competing1862

1654 E. Wolley tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Curia Politiæ 117 I never suffered my profit and advantage to be competitors, or comparative with my glory and renown.

B. n.

1. Grammar. The comparative degree (see A. 2); an adjective or adverb in the comparative degree.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > other grammatical categories or concepts > [noun] > comparison of adjectives or adverbs > degree(s) of comparison > specific > adjective or adverb in

superlativec1434

comparative1530

positive1530

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > other grammatical categories or concepts > [noun] > comparison of adjectives or adverbs > degree(s) of comparison > specific

superlativec1434

positive1530

comparativea1653

superlative absolute1730

superlative relativea1733

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement Introd. 28 We and the latines forme our comparatives and superlatyves out of our posytives.

1612 J. Brinsley Posing of Parts f. 9

a1653 R. Filmer Patriarcha (1680) ii. §15 In the comparative I maintain the mischiefs to a State to be less universal under a tyrant king.

1765 W. Ward Ess. Gram. 346 Some comparatives form a superlative by adding most to their end, as nether, i.e. lower, nethermost, etc.

1873 R. Morris Hist. Outl. Eng. Accidence 107 Older and oldest are the ordinary comparatives now in use.

†2. A thing or person to be compared; a compeer, rival. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > [noun] > person or thing compared

comparativec1470

comparisona1500

assimilable1646

comparate1657

c1470 J. Hardyng Chron. Proem xiii Lyonell..Kyng should haue been..without comparatyfe.

a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Four Plays in One in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Eeeeeeee2v/1 Gerrard ever was his full comparative: my Uncle loves him, as he loves Ferdinand.

†3. One ready to make comparisons: cf. A. 4.But the Shakespeare quot. is doubtful and may well belong to A. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > [noun] > one who compares

comparative1598

comparer1644

comparativist1887

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. ii. 67 To laugh at gibing boyes, and stand the push Of euery beardlesse vaine comparatiue .

1823 C. Lamb in Elia 265 No rascally comparative insults a Beggar, or thinks of weighing purses with him.

Compounds

comparative-historical adj. both comparative (sense A. 1b) and historical; using comparative methods for historical investigation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the past > history or knowledge about the past > [adjective] > of types of history

archaeological1714

world-historical1822

mytho-historic1831

world-historic1853

proto-historic1858

museographic1860

Assyriological1881

historionomical1881

psychohistorical1895

theoretico-historical1900

proto-historical1909

museographical1935

comparative-historical1937

Warburgian1956

Viconian1957

mytho-historical1977

1937 J. Orr tr. I. Iordan Introd. Romance Linguistics iv. 309 Material which is the product of comparative-historical research.

1964 I. L. Horowitz New Sociol. 22 What is quite clearly needed to make a comparative-historical sociology professional.

comparative statics n. Economics (see quot. 1974).

ΚΠ

1947 P. A. Samuelson Found. Econ. Anal. ii. 8 This method of comparative statics is but one special application of the more general practice of scientific deduction in which the behavior of a system (possibly through time) is defined in terms of a given set of functional equations and initial conditions.

1963 R. E. Kuenne Theory of Gen. Econ. Equilibrium i. 15 Comparative statics is a method of employing static models analytically by imposing changes upon the data of the model.

1974 A. S. Campagna Macroecon. iii. 50 With a model in equilibrium any change in the variables will cause the model to react until a new equilibrium is reached. The comparison of these two equilibrium states is called comparative statics.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	comparative
释义	comparativeadj.n. Brit. /kəmˈparətɪv/, U.S. /kəmˈpɛrədɪv/ Etymology: < Latin comparātīvus of or pertaining to comparison, < comparāt- participial stem of comparāre : see -ive suffix. Compare French comparatif, -ive. A. adj. 1. a. Of or pertaining to comparison; that compares or involves comparison. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > [adjective] comparative1602 similitudinarily1624 comparate1650 1602 W. Fulbecke Parallele or Conf. Law ii. Ded. 1 A comparatiue discourse of the lawes. 1754 J. Edwards Careful Enq. Freedom of Will ii. x. 91 An Act of Choice or Preference is a comparative Act, wherein the Mind acts with Reference to..Things that are compared. 1845 G. E. Day tr. J. F. Simon Animal Chem. I. 214 The comparative analyses of the blood of the hepatic vein and of the vena portæ. 1875 H. J. S. Maine Lect. Early Hist. Inst. i. 18 The Comparative method of investigation. b. spec. Involving comparison of different branches of a science or subject of study; as comparative anatomy, comparative philology, etc. So comparative anatomist one versed in comparative anatomy; comparative mythologist an expert in comparative mythology. comparative psychology n. the study of behavior, cognition, perception, and social relationships of man and animals. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > [adjective] > of different branches of study comparative1675 the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [noun] > dissection > dissector or vivisector zootomist1663 prosector1801 necrotomist1849 comparative anatomist1854 vivisector1863 anatomizer1873 vivisectionist1879 the mind > language > linguistics > other schools of linguistics > [noun] > comparative linguistics comparative grammar1872 comparative philology1882 1675 N. Grew (title) Comparative Anatomy of the Trunks of Plants. 1765 J. Gregory Compar. View i. 8 The comparative Anatomy of brute Animals. 1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 296 The species restored by Cuvier from fossil remains... The great comparative anatomist called it anoplotherium. 1865 E. B. Tylor Res. Early Hist. Mankind i. 3 The new school of Comparative Mythologists in Germany and England. 1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) II. ix. 357 Belong less to the province of the historian than to that of the comparative mythologist. 1872 O. W. Holmes Poet at Breakfast-table vi. 175 You must have comparative theology as you have comparative anatomy. 1882 Times 18 Mar. 4/5 Comparative art history was in as primitive a stage as comparative philology. 2. Grammar. Applied to that derived form of an adjective or adverb used, in comparing two objects of thought, to express a higher degree of the quality or attribute denoted by the simple word, as tru-er, often-er (or to the periphrasis used in the same sense, as more true, more often); the adjective or adverb being then said to be in the comparative degree. Cf. comparison n., positive v. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > other grammatical categories or concepts > [adjective] > degree of comparison > comparative comparative1447 comparatival1900 1447 O. Bokenham Lyvys Seyntys (1835) 161 Envye Be twyx them tweyn owyth no more to be Than is be twyn a posatyve and a comparatyve degre. 1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Gram. sig. B4 The comparatiue exceedeth the positiue. 1669 J. Milton Accedence 13 There be two degrees above the positive word it self, The Comparative, and Superlative. 1795 L. Murray Eng. Gram. 163 If the members in comparative sentences are short. 1876 C. P. Mason Eng. Gram. (ed. 21) 37 The Comparative Degree of an adjective is that form of it by means of which we show that one thing, or set of things, possesses a certain quality or attribute in a greater degree than another thing, or set of things. 3. a. Estimated by comparison; considered as compared with something else. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > [adjective] > estimated by comparison comparative1597 collated1644 1597 F. Bacon Of Coulers Good & Euill (Arb.) vi. 147 The..blossome is a positiue good, although the remoue of it to giue place to the fruite be a comparatiue good. 1746 J. Jortin Disc. Truth Christian Relig. iv. (R.) The Christian institution ought to take place of the Mosiac upon account of the comparative weakness and unprofitableness of the first covenant. 1821 W. M. Craig Lect. Drawing ii. 109 The different processes of painting, and their comparative advantages. 1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues III. 153 The comparative claims of pleasures and wisdom. b. In modern use often denoting a slighter or imperfect degree of the quality, condition, etc., spoken of: That is such when compared with something else implied or thought of; not positive or absolute; relative. (Cf. comparatively adv. 2b.) ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > smallness of quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective] > less > denoting a slighter degree of anything comparative1774 the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > [adjective] > estimated by comparison > (merely) relative proportionable1654 comparative1774 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VI. 345 This comparative neglect of food..found in all the tribes of fresh water fishes. 1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Alice I. i. x. 76 It is scarcely right..to commit Evelyn to the care of comparative strangers. 1875 W. S. Jevons Money (1878) 31 A matter of comparative indifference. 1878 A. Brassey Voy. Sunbeam xiv. 243 I sat out in the open air in comparative comfort. †4. ‘Quick at comparisons’ (Schmidt). humorous. Cf. comparison n. 3b. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of meaning > [adjective] > of the nature of a similitude > using satirical simile comparative1598 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. ii. 80 Thou..art indeed the most comparatiue rascalliest sweet yong Prince. View more context for this quotation †5. ? Serving as a means of comparison. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) ii. iii. 126 Thou wer't dignified enough..if 'twere made Comparatiue for your Vertues, to be stil'd The vnder Hangman of his Kingdome. View more context for this quotation †6. Comparable, worthy to be compared. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > [adjective] > capable of comparison comparable1413 comparative1632 consortablea1639 commensurable1654 collatablea1834 assimilable1849 equatable1893 the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > [adjective] > worthy of comparison comparable1483 comparative1632 1632 R. Le Grys tr. Velleius Paterculus Romane Hist. 159. 1686 J. S. Hist. Monastical Convent. 54 Their Apparel being comparative to that of the Dominicans, or Prædicants. 1773 J. Ross Fratricide (MS) ii. 614 Beholding all in tears, and Adam stretch'd So on his Couch, comparative with death. 1819 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto II cxxxvii. 187 None Had suffer'd more—his hardships were comparative To those related in my grand-dad's Narrative. †7. In competition or rivalry. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > [adjective] > competing rival1592 emulative1593 emulating1610 corrivinga1618 emulous1617 corrival1646 comparative1654 rivalling1668 contesting1697 rivalrous1831 co-rival1832 competing1862 1654 E. Wolley tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Curia Politiæ 117 I never suffered my profit and advantage to be competitors, or comparative with my glory and renown. B. n. 1. Grammar. The comparative degree (see A. 2); an adjective or adverb in the comparative degree. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > other grammatical categories or concepts > [noun] > comparison of adjectives or adverbs > degree(s) of comparison > specific > adjective or adverb in superlativec1434 comparative1530 positive1530 the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > other grammatical categories or concepts > [noun] > comparison of adjectives or adverbs > degree(s) of comparison > specific superlativec1434 positive1530 comparativea1653 superlative absolute1730 superlative relativea1733 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement Introd. 28 We and the latines forme our comparatives and superlatyves out of our posytives. 1612 J. Brinsley Posing of Parts f. 9 a1653 R. Filmer Patriarcha (1680) ii. §15 In the comparative I maintain the mischiefs to a State to be less universal under a tyrant king. 1765 W. Ward Ess. Gram. 346 Some comparatives form a superlative by adding most to their end, as nether, i.e. lower, nethermost, etc. 1873 R. Morris Hist. Outl. Eng. Accidence 107 Older and oldest are the ordinary comparatives now in use. †2. A thing or person to be compared; a compeer, rival. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > [noun] > person or thing compared comparativec1470 comparisona1500 assimilable1646 comparate1657 c1470 J. Hardyng Chron. Proem xiii Lyonell..Kyng should haue been..without comparatyfe. a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Four Plays in One in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Eeeeeeee2v/1 Gerrard ever was his full comparative: my Uncle loves him, as he loves Ferdinand. †3. One ready to make comparisons: cf. A. 4.But the Shakespeare quot. is doubtful and may well belong to A. 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > [noun] > one who compares comparative1598 comparer1644 comparativist1887 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. ii. 67 To laugh at gibing boyes, and stand the push Of euery beardlesse vaine comparatiue . View more context for this quotation 1823 C. Lamb in Elia 265 No rascally comparative insults a Beggar, or thinks of weighing purses with him. Compounds comparative-historical adj. both comparative (sense A. 1b) and historical; using comparative methods for historical investigation. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > history or knowledge about the past > [adjective] > of types of history archaeological1714 world-historical1822 mytho-historic1831 world-historic1853 proto-historic1858 museographic1860 Assyriological1881 historionomical1881 psychohistorical1895 theoretico-historical1900 proto-historical1909 museographical1935 comparative-historical1937 Warburgian1956 Viconian1957 mytho-historical1977 1937 J. Orr tr. I. Iordan Introd. Romance Linguistics iv. 309 Material which is the product of comparative-historical research. 1964 I. L. Horowitz New Sociol. 22 What is quite clearly needed to make a comparative-historical sociology professional. comparative statics n. Economics (see quot. 1974). ΚΠ 1947 P. A. Samuelson Found. Econ. Anal. ii. 8 This method of comparative statics is but one special application of the more general practice of scientific deduction in which the behavior of a system (possibly through time) is defined in terms of a given set of functional equations and initial conditions. 1963 R. E. Kuenne Theory of Gen. Econ. Equilibrium i. 15 Comparative statics is a method of employing static models analytically by imposing changes upon the data of the model. 1974 A. S. Campagna Macroecon. iii. 50 With a model in equilibrium any change in the variables will cause the model to react until a new equilibrium is reached. The comparison of these two equilibrium states is called comparative statics. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1447
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