| 释义 |
alienadj.n. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French aliene; Latin aliēnus. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman aliiene, alione, Anglo-Norman and Middle French aliene, alien (French aliène ) (of a country) foreign (late 11th cent. in Old French), strange, unfamiliar (late 12th cent. or earlier), (of a person) foreign, from a foreign country (mid 13th cent. or earlier), non-resident (1388 or earlier), (of a priory) owing allegiance to a foreign mother house (a1412; compare alien priory n.), (noun) stranger, foreigner (mid 12th cent. or earlier), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin aliēnus (adjective) of or belonging to others, unnatural, unusual, unconnected, separate, of another country, foreign, unrelated, of a different variety or species, unfamiliar, strange, unfriendly, unsympathetic, unfavourable, inappropriate, incompatible, distasteful, repugnant, (noun) person or slave belonging to another person, foreigner, stranger, outsider < alius other, another ( < the same Indo-European base as else adv.; compare althede n.) + a suffix of uncertain origin, probably a variant of -īnus -ine suffix1, with dissimilation of the vowel.The final dental in the β. forms (which occur frequently, but not exclusively, in noun uses) is probably excrescent or analogical; compare e.g. pageant n., ancient adj., and -ant suffix3. Compare also the Anglo-Norman plural forms alientz, alliants. Compare the following example of the Latin word in the context of an Old English interlinear gloss, perhaps due to failure to provide an equivalent for allophili ‘foreigners, Philistines’ in the scribe's exemplar:OE Cambridge Psalter (1910) cvii. 10 Mihi allophili subditi sunt: me alieni uel sigelhearwan undyrþeodde synd. A. adj. 1. society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [adjective] > that is a stranger or outsider a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xxxv. 2 Doþ a wey alyen goddeȝ [L. deos alienos], þat ben in þe mydill of ȝou. a1425 (c1395) (Royal) (1850) Psalms xviii. 13 Make thou me cleene fro my priuy synnes; and of alien synnes [L. ab alienis] spare thi seruaunt. 1433 in H. Nicolas (1835) IV. 145 No manere shippes with marchandises densyns ne aliens to withdrawe hem fro þat port. 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus ii. f. 221v Suche persones as..dooen make warre vpon aliene citees, or foren countrees. 1565 T. Harding iii. f. 68v By the tonge S. Paul meaneth not the Latine, Greke, or Hebrewe, among the vnlearned people, or any other alien or straunge tonge. 1609 W. Shakespeare lxxviii. sig. F Euery Alien pen hath got my vse. View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals viii, in tr. Virgil 37 In Desarts thou [sc. love] wert bred..Alien of Birth. 1787 R. Burns (1972) 28 Parreck, to force a ewe to Mother an alien lamb by closing them up together. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in I. xvi. 75 As I had been Some alien wretch. 1820 J. Keats Ode to Nightingale in 111 Ruth..stood in tears amid the alien corn. 1849 T. B. Macaulay I. 185 Disastrous war and alien domination. 1874 A. H. Sayce viii. 321 It may sometimes be difficult to detect the presence of an alien myth. 1880 L. Morris 86 To watch by alien sick-beds. 1939 G. Greene i. ii. 47 In a big leafless Bloomsbury square a cat walked homewards from some alien roof-top. 1979 M. Kolbenschlag 27 Heteronomy is a condition of being in which an alien law, one that originates outside the self..is imposed on man's mind. 1991 21 Dec. 11/1 Recession makes nationalists want to keep out the imports from alien factories that, they say, throw even more of one's own people out of work. b. spec.society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > type of inhabitant generally > [adjective] > non-native inhabitant society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [adjective] > that is a stranger or outsider > of a foreign nation or allegiance a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 447 (MED) No man suffre gladliche an alien lord [L. alienigenam dominum]. c1400 (?a1300) (Laud) (1952) l. 3914 ‘Certes,’ quoþ þe aliene kniȝth. a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in (2002) i. 191 Take hede he must to aliene commers straungeres, and to straungers of þis land. 1504 (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1504 §11. m. 10 That no spirituell persone ne straunger aleyn be chargeable. 1580 J. Stow 642 Euery housholder that was alien, should pay to the King xuj. pence the yeare. 1602 W. Watson 209 An alien prince, Spanyard or Burgundian, Netherlandian or the like. 1776 A. Smith II. v. ii. 494 The gains of alien merchants were looked upon more unfavourably than those of English merchants. 1784 19 Mar. The petty custom paid by alien residents. 1809 T. E. Tomlins (at cited word) Obsolete statutes..prohibiting alien artificers to work for themselves in this kingdom. 1863 A. P. Stanley I. x. 236 The Gibeonites..were an alien race. 1940 D. L. Sayers in 7 Sept. 445 No allies are left, no help To count upon from alien hands. 1976 15 Mar. 41/2 The bill would..amend the Civil Rights Act of 1964 so that alien refugees..would not be subject to discrimination. 2006 17 Mar. 20/4 The transition from alien immigrants to acculturated members of society within one generation has been breathtaking. the world > plants > by habitat or distribution > [adjective] > relating to non-native flora 1847 H. C. Watson I. 258 I cannot properly reduce it to a lower grade of citizenship than is here assigned for it; videlicet, a species which may be native, or may be alien. 1885 12 96 The Mexicans..had also studied them in the gardens which they maintained for alien plants. 1903 S. T. Dunn (title) A preliminary list of the alien flora of Britain. 1930 12 Sept. 15/6 When we can..protect the native red squirrel from the encroachments of the alien grey, there need be no hesitation in the trigger-finger. 1960 N. Polunin iv. 119 It is said that the majority of alien plants in Australia and New Zealand come from Europe. 1983 6 124 By 1855..there were 114 alien species recorded as naturalised in South Australia. 2003 E. R. Ricciuti iv. 208 The trade in exotic pets..has been responsible for the introduction into the United States of several alien animals. 1871 19 395 I therefore determined to inject alien blood into the circulation of pure varieties of animals..and to note whether their offspring did or did not show signs of mongrelism. 1911 A. S. Morrow iv. 114 Frequently the blood of dissimilar species, such as sheep's blood was employed. There were many accidents resulting from the use of alien blood. 1968 J. A. Serra III. xx. 198 This introduction of alien loci or introgressed loci may be of as much interest as the introduction of entire alien chromosomes. 1991 17 June 60/2 Cyclosporine targets the killer T cells—the cellular commandos that seek out alien tissues after other defenders have marked them for elimination. 2003 S. Greenfield (2004) v. 135 The alien, adult DNA..will be introduced to form the genome of the clone. the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > [adjective] the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > that which is unknown > [adjective] a1382 (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Jer. ii. 21 I..plauntede thee a chosen vyneȝerd, al verre sed..thou art turned to me in to..an aliene vyne [L. vinea aliena]? ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 118 If any man..falle fro hyȝnez &..seiþ aliene or straunge þinges [?c1425 Paris raveth; L. aliena dicit], it is to suppose þat þe brayne..is hurt. 1649 R. Baxter xx. 110 Christs Legall Righteousness, imputed to us, is commonly called [Evangelical Righteousness,] but that is from a more aliene extrinsecal respect. 1672 O. Walker i. xiii. 177 Chusing..fit and convenient from improper and aliene. 1759 E. Burke (ed. 2) Introd. 10 Habit alone has reconciled his palate to these alien pleasures. 1849 C. Brontë III. iv. 96 The solemn stars shone alien and remote. 1875 A. Helps iv. 61 To seize upon this wise bequest, and to devote it to alien purposes. 1875 A. Maclaren 2nd Ser. vii. 125 Good, alas! is but too alien and unwelcome. 1918 A. G. Gardiner 72 The Fifth Symphony..creates a state of mind, a spiritual atmosphere, that is destroyed by any intrusive and alien note. 1958 1 Aug. 167/1 It is surely a mistake for a nation of independent character and traditions to ape the different and often alien mores of another. 1979 C. Freeman (1980) xxxi. 197 Jacob felt alien, out of place. 1991 8 Apr. 23/1 An opponent would have to hang in until it could take UNLV into the alien environs of the final minute of a close game. 3. the world > relative properties > relationship > difference > [adjective] > distinct c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John Prol. 233 He is founde alien fro corupcioun of fleisch. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. ii. iv. 64 Aungels beþ..aliene [L. alieni] and clene of al erþeliche contagioun. c1440 (a1396) W. Hilton Scale of Perfection (Thornton) in G. G. Perry (1921) 45 Ffra þe souerayne Ioy and gastely swetnes in þe blysse of Heuen he sall be aliene. c1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius (Linc. Cathedral 103) 94 (MED) Þise goodes..Wiche þat nature haþ oþer-wise be-stowen And vtterly made fro the aliene. 1528 S. Gardiner in N. Pocock (1870) I. li. 121 Somewhat alien and discrepant from the expectation of the king's highness. 1667 J. Milton iv. 571 His looks Alien from Heav'n, with passions foul obscur'd. View more context for this quotation 1704 J. Swift 219 Neither, do I think such an Employment so very alien from the Office of a Wit. 1791 15 616 He [sc. a man of capital] shall have only one resource, which the new corn bill seems to open, not totally alien from the business to which he was bred. 1830 Jan. 13 Many of our genteel congregations and more opulent friends did not shew themselves alien from the missionary spirit. a1854 H. Reed (1878) ix. 294 This uncouth style, so alien from genuine English. 1922 ‘J. Ayscough’ vi. 28 To make a counter-study of him would have been alien from Mariquita's nature and character. 2005 T. K. Beal v. 111 A kind of whitewashed hugeness that seems alien from the grassroots authenticity that marks local congregations. the world > relative properties > order > disorder > disharmony or incongruity > [adjective] > directly opposed 1563 D. Fergusson 3 Aliene and inpertinent..to Gods word & consuetude thereof. 1624 T. Adams 1 They that be alien or opposite to vs in Faith and Profession, are manifest. 1629 J. Mabbe tr. C. de Fonseca 7 There is not any sinne more alien to mans condition, than pride. 1674 J. Howe ii. 235 Such whose spirits are wholly averse and alien to it [sc. delighting in God]. 1720 D. Waterland 146 All Things, or Persons whatsoever, that are seperate from, or aliene to; that are not necessarily included in..God the Father. 1780 E. Burke 35 A system of confusion remains, which is not only alien but adverse to all œconomy. 1796 Nov. 349/2 The jealousies and heart-burnings..tend to render alien to each other those who ought to be bound together by fraternal affection. 1833 I. Taylor vi. 177 Popery is alien to the climate and to the races of the Western world. 1872 ‘G. Eliot’ IV. lxxv. 219 The presence of a new gloom in her husband..soon received a painfully strange explanation, alien to all her previous notions of what could affect her happiness. 1927 A. Conan Doyle v. 126 The lady began to show some curious traits quite alien to her ordinarily sweet and gentle disposition. 1944 S. Bellow 114 I even saw in a brick passageway an untimely butterfly,..somehow alien to the whole condition of the century. 2002 M. Holroyd 311 Television over-simplifies in a way that is alien to literature. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant according to environment > [adjective] > extraterrestrial 1929 J. Williamson in July 102 (title) The alien intelligence. 1932 C. A. Smith in Aug. 224/1 The alien ship was now hanging near the tops of the giant plants. 1944 June 76/2 He looked at the thing. It was alien.., horribly different from anything on Earth. 1967 5 Sept. 1 Six mysterious flying saucer-shaped objects were found in..Southern England yesterday... Was this an alien attempt to establish life on this planet? 1986 15 Nov. vi. 12/3 As for Tomlin, does she believe in alien beings and UFOs? 1997 M. Fabi xiii. 349 Brokk sold me one other little item of alien technology. He called it a scrooch gun. B. n. 1. society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > one who is separated or isolated > stranger or outsider c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xvii. 24 Of her owne sonys, ether of alyenys [L. ab alienis], or other mennys sones? ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng (Petyt) ii. 37 Þe reame salle men se Gouerned þorgh aliens kynde, & euermore fro þe. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden (Harl. 2261) (1879) VII. 33 A newe aliaunte [L. advena; a1387 J. Trevisa tr. a newe comynge] scholde expelle olde inhabitators. 1535 Job xix. 15 I am become as an aleaunt in their sight. 1563 sig. Ll.i He that speaketh in a tongue vnknowen, shalbe vnto the hearer an alient. 1611 Ex. xviii. 3 I haue bene an alien in a strange land. View more context for this quotation 1649 Z. Bogan in F. Rous & Z. Bogan (ed. 3) vi. 308 A Stranger, whether you take it for a Guest or for an Alien, so it were not a god, was allwaies had in so religious esteeme at Athens. a1732 T. Boston (1776) xi. 354 The few recusants were treated as aliens by their brethren. 1796 R. Southey Hymn to Penates in II. 281 Mourning his age left childless, and his wealth Heapt for an alien. 1815 E. Quillinan v. 136 He was not quite an alien upon earth; Not quite abscinded, in his fate's decree, From all blest bond of consanguinity. 1861 ‘G. Eliot’ i. 3 Those scattered linen-weavers—emigrants from the town into the country—were to the last regarded as aliens by their rustic neighbours. 1912 ‘Saki’ xvi. 298 He was the outsider, the lonely alien, watching something in which he could not join. 1969 20 37 The coming need of the fiction writer, the self-professed alien, to come to some terms with a community. 1998 28 Nov. (Saturday section) 2/7 Most foreign correspondents..have experienced ‘peripheralitis’, when they begin to feel like aliens in their own newspaper. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > type of inhabitant generally > [noun] > non-native inhabitant ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng (Petyt) ii. 96 Þat aliens suld non hent hauen of Normant. 1422 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt (1931) 130 (MED) Allard Taillour is an aliand born. a1464 J. Capgrave (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 158 (MED) He schuld exile alle alienes, specialy his bretherin on the modir side. 1520 v. f. 47v/2 In his tyme shall his lande be multeplyed with alyauntes. a1549 A. Borde (1870) vii. 144 In Englande howe many alyons hath and doth dwell of all maner of nacyons. 1628 E. Coke 8 a An Alien that is borne out of the Kings ligeance. 1652 P. Heylyn i. sig. Cc3 The Scots were not reputed here as Aliens, but as Subjects rather. 1715 tr. C. Freschot II. i. 251 The Subjects of the said Lords the States-General shall not be reputed Aliens in France, and shall accordingly be exempt from the Laws of Aliens. 1792 F. Plowden xvi. 482 The indulgences, which our laws grant to aliens resident in this country are so very ample, that their obligation and compulsion to observe them can never be justly complained of. 1850 F. D. Maurice (ed. 2) I. 8 The Jewish people..in Egypt, are regarded as a dangerous body of aliens. 1871 W. Markby §122 An alien is a person who belongs to a different political society from that in which he resides. 1921 J. Galsworthy ii. iv. 154 He was a foreigner, or alien as it was now called. 1977 (Nexis) 12 Aug. Is there now an amnesty for aliens living illegally in United States? 2003 I. Chang xix. 384 Many Chinese aliens came home to..rat-infested, dungeon-like basements with exposed rusty pipes. 2. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > type of inhabitant generally > [noun] > non-native inhabitant > excluded from citizenship or privileges a1425 (c1395) (Royal) (1850) Psalms lvii. 4 Synneris weren maad aliens [a1382 E.V. ben aliened, L. alienati sunt] fro the wombe. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus I. Matt. viii. f. liiiiv They be vncircumcysed for the moste parte, and alienes [L. alieni] from Moyses lawe. 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus II. Heb. vii. f. xv Melchisedech..was an alyaunt [L. alienus] from the Jewishe nacion. 1557 Eph. ii. 12 Reputed aliantes from the commen welth of Israel. 1600 Abp. G. Abbot i. 6 Aliens from the couenant, and strangers from the promise. 1692 H. Dodwell ii. 87 How shall I make an alien from Christ a Pastor of the Sheep of Christ? 1738 J. Wesley (new ed.) xiii. 1 An Alien from the Life of Grace. 1790 Mar. 205/1 Some lament that the writing so many lives of eminent men..should rest with those who are aliens from the Establishment. 1837 J. H. Newman I. i. 13 Not as if aliens from God's mercies. 1848 C. Dickens 36 An alien from my mother's heart. 1920 Mar. 478 Ulstermen..do not enjoy being told by a Welshman that they are aliens from their own country. 1997 D. Parnham i. 50 Such readers and utterers..are aliens from God in the very course of their involvement with God's (literal) word. 1580 J. Bell tr. J. Foxe f. 40v An vtter alyen and straunger to al vertue, godlynes, and pietie. 1598 W. Shakespeare iii. ii. 34 Almost an allien to the harts Of all the Court. View more context for this quotation a1674 T. Traherne (1675) 65 An Alien to Felicity, and a foreiner to himself. 1755 E. Young iv. 208 Vengeance is an alien to thy most amiable Nature. 1797 G. Staunton vi. 82 The tint of the rose is an alien to the cheek, while pale languor besets the countenance. 1840 Mar. 176/2 Intuition and inspiration might help us, but our lot is not cast with them—they are aliens to our humanity. 1850 277 The wretched votary of Mammon is no worshipper at the shrine of the goddess of Peace—he is an alien to the halcyon joys of her benign and blessed influence. 1918 J. Hergesheimer (1922) 123 It seemed to him that he had become an alien to the serenity of the high, tranquil rooms. 1999 W. Ho vii. 226 Far from being a man of the past, an alien to modernity, Leon..is a trailblazer in his own right. the world > plants > by habitat or distribution > [noun] > non-native or migrant 1847 H. C. Watson I. 153 An imperfectly established alien. 1884 22 Nov. 436/2 I..hold out obstinately against the theory that ‘our native Lent Lily’ is an alien. 1903 S. T. Dunn 4 There are..many species here classed as aliens which are old and well-established weeds in cultivated land, roadsides, and field borders. 1938 19 Jan. 9/2 Additions to the variety of the country's birds had been made by the introduction of such aliens as the pheasants. 1961 E. Salisbury i. 18 Blackberry and Sweet Briar, deliberately introduced into New Zealand in the early days of colonisation, furnish examples of aliens that have become noxious weeds. 1987 12 Feb. 38/2 Most aliens have escaped from gardens and cannot reproduce as well as common species that are native to Britain. 2009 J. Fitter 90 The folly of introducing alien species to control already problematic aliens was amply illustrated by the introduction of stoats..to control rabbits. the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > use or formation of new words or phrases > [noun] > word or phrase borrowed from other language > naturalized > not 1884 I. Gen. Explan. p. xix Aliens are names of foreign objects, titles, etc., which we require often to use, and for which we have no native equivalents. 1926 H. W. Fowler 259/1 There is perhaps no other word that is so indisputably an undesirable alien in English as this [sc. impayable]. 1934 (Soc. for Pure Eng.) No. XLII. 35 Most words when first borrowed are aliens, but if they survive they are gradually accommodated to the language which borrows them and become denizens. 2003 M. Görlach ii. 35 Of course, there is always some doubt about how effective purist measures directed against aliens will prove to be. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant according to environment > [noun] > extraterrestrial inhabitant 1931 N. Schachner & A. L. Zagat in Aug. 307/1 Arnim and Britt watched the ten-foot tall aliens stride across the short stretch of deck to the entrance lock of their own vessel. 1953 ‘W. Tenn’ (1958) 57 The first of the aliens stepped out in the complex tripodal gait that all humans were shortly to know..so well. 1960 K. Amis (1961) i. 20 Some excellent stories have been written about non-communicating aliens, from The War of the Worlds onwards. 1984 30 Nov. 15/4 A gentle, speechless alien of black human form lands in Harlem, whither he is pursued by a pair of white bounty-hunters from outer space. 1999 L. Hird (2000) xiii. 105 It's like she's been abducted by aliens and replaced by a replicant. Compounds C1. Compounds of the adjective. 1522 ii No Stranger, being Alien borne..shall take, retaine or keep into his or their seruices any maner of Journyman. a1626 F. Bacon Conc. Post-nati Scotl. in (1641) 14 If the Post-nati of Scotland, be not naturall borne, they are alien born and in no better degree at all, than Flemmings, French, Italians, [etc.]. 1700 S. Johnson 49 Purging the Realm, of which they and their Progenitors before them were the native Offspring, and clearing it of an Alien-born Brood. 1791 (ed. 2) II. 261 If a man goes over sea without the king's leave, and has issue there and dies, and the issue survives, the issue shall not be his heir inasmuch as he is alien born. 1898 F. N. Thorpe I. xiii. 401 Louisiana had a large alien-born population. 1999 R. D. Francis ii. vii. 114 Should the local born of alien-born parents have parental wishes imposed on them against their will? society > armed hostility > warrior > [noun] > enemy 1579 (new ed.) f. 158v/2 Hee be an alien enemye, or condempned in premunire. a1625 H. Finch (1627) 28 Any bodie may seise the goods of an alien enemie, to his owne vse. 1785 T. Jefferson xvi. 286 By our laws..no alien can hold lands, nor alien enemy maintain an action for money, or other moveable thing. 1853 T. I. Wharton §20. 94 An alien enemy cannot maintain an action during the war in his own name. 1915 9 Dec. 1/1 Alien enemies residing in the United Kingdom to register at the nearest police station. 2011 B. Wittes ii. 39 The alien enemy detention authority has a rather disreputable origin. 1579 J. Stubbs sig. C1 Let thys alien be an alien friend, yet if he be not denized, the lawes can not abide him to be mayster of one foote of ground within the Realme. 1641 (new ed.) f. 18 Every alien friend may by the Common Law have and get within this Realme. 1765 W. Blackstone I. x. 360 When I mention these rights of an alien, I must be understood of alien-friends only, or such whose countries are in peace with ours. 1839 M. L. Boyle I. vi. 130 The countrymen who should have hailed him as their king, would be classed as alien friends, or foreign foes. 1922 J. P. Gavit ix. 270 A transitory alien friend cannot be compelled to serve other than mere police duty. 2010 F. Banner et al. in D. W. Jackson et al. i. ii. 35 Potential claimants under the Alien Tort Claims Act argued that ‘alien friends’ should be entitled to assert claims in U.S. courts. 1937 A. K. Barnes in Oct. 123/1 I feel that if a reader has some basis of comparison, when reading about alien life forms, he will be able to visualize the story more clearly. 1977 (Nexis) 18 Dec. e4 The diverse treatment of various themes [in Science Fiction] (space ships, future cities, women, alien life-forms). 2003 July 4/2 Most scientists will now tell you that statistically it's very likely alien lifeforms are out there somewhere. 1829 J. Dunlop 91 The Pier of Leith, with its alien-looking crews of strange vessels. 1861 ‘G. Eliot’ i. 1 The shepherd's dog barked fiercely when one of these alien-looking men appeared. 1943 43 7/2 The emergence of this alien-looking culture has generally been explained by the assumption of an invasion from north Central Europe. 2005 M. Bjornerud v. 157 These alien-looking organisms have been variously interpreted as lichenlike symbionts of fungi and algae, ancestors of modern arthropods and jellyfish. 1569 J. Leslie ii. f. 69 A prior alien beinge no denizen, might alwayes in time of peace demaunde lande in the right of his corporation. 1576 W. Lambarde 95 To conceale from the Priors Aliens..the secrete affairs of his Realme. 1706 (new ed.) Priors Aliens, were certain Priors born in France, that had the Government of Monasteries founded for outlandish Men in England. 1860 1 Dec. 93 The preamble proceeds to point out the mischief of allowing alien priors to levy money at pleasure upon the different religious houses. 2009 A. Butterfield vi. 207 Several of these alien priors worked for Edward III in a diplomatic capacity. society > faith > church government > monasticism > religious superior > prior > [noun] > jurisdiction of > dependent on foreign house 1437 in H. Nicolas (1835) V. 24 (MED) He was constreyned to paie to þe Kyng dismes..for þe said priouries alienes. 1451 in R. Arnold (c1503) f. lxxv/1 The priory alyen of lynton. 1623 J. Speed (ed. 2) ix. xv. 786/1 One hundred and tenne Priories aliant were suppressed. 1655 T. Fuller vi. 303 These alien Priories were of two natures, some had Monks with a Prior resident in them, yet not Conventuall, but dative and removable ad nutum of the forreign Abbey, to which they were subservient; Others were absolute in themselves. 1700 J. Brome iii. 245 Here was formerly an Alien Priory dedicated to St. John Baptist. 1845 H. J. Stephen II. 679 The alien priories, that is, such as were filled by foreigners only. 1921 P. H. Ditchfield viii. 49 Stow records the existence of an alien priory of Cluniac monks without Aldersgate. 1990 (Eton College) 24 Much of Eton's endowment was lands and rights that had formerly belonged to alien priories. C2. Compounds of the noun. a. 1685 S. Hayne 10 The Jews in Barbadoes Sell more Hollands there, than all the English Merchants do; and the Alien-Duty amounts to a great sum of Money yearly. 1792 J. Reeves iii. vi. 479 The alien duty upon the other articles was..considerable. 1977 18 596 The British applied an alien duty of £18/3 a ton on whale oil imports following the war. b. Compounds with aliens or aliens'. 1694 J. Blanch 17 Whatsoever Merchant did Ship any Merchandise upon a Forreign Bottom, he should pay Aliens Duties. 1706 mmmmcclxxxviii/3 Exposed to publick Sale, 26 Bags of Spanish Wooll..paid Aliens Duties. 1895 A. M. White 229 In 1303, by the Carta Mercatoria, the aliens' duty was introduced. 2003 D. Ormrod ii. iv. 126 In 1673, parliament removed the aliens' duty on woollen exports. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). alienv. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French aliener; Latin aliēnāre. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Middle French aliener (French aliéner ) to make strange or foreign (first half of the 13th cent. in Anglo-Norman), (in law) to transfer ownership of (property) (c1260 in Old French), to make (a person or people) hostile (1355), (reflexive) to become insane (14th cent.), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin aliēnāre alienate v. Compare alienate v. and the foreign-language parallels cited at that entry.In sense 3, N.E.D. (1884) gives the pronunciation for the variant aliene as (ēi·lyīn) /ˈeɪljiːn/. the mind > emotion > hatred > quarrel or falling out > quarrel or fall at variance with [verb (transitive)] c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring (1891) lvii. 3 (MED) Þe synȝers ben aliened [L. alienati sunt] fer fram þe wombe; hij erreden fram þe wombe. a1382 (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. xi. 36 She shal..alienen [L. abalienabit] thee fro thi propre weies. ?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius (BL Add. 10340) (1868) i. pr. vi. l. 671 Perturbaciouns..may moeue a man fro..þe stablenes and perfeccioun of hys knowyng, but certys þei may not al arace hym ne alyene hym in al [L. conuellere autem sibique totum exstirpare non possint]. c1475 (?c1400) (1842) 69 Þe man..þat be alienid fro me. a1500 (?c1425) (1936) 231 Þei are alyend fro God by here synnes. a1575 N. Harpsfield (1878) (modernized text) 189 To aliene the fast and entire mind, which his highness beareth to your holiness. 1601 R. Burke Let. 12 Apr. in T. Stafford (1633) ii. ii. 128 The fame..would..alien me to loath this kind of life. 1663 J. Heath 12 By these lewd actions he had so aliened the affections of his Uncle and Godfather Sir Oliver Cromwell, that he could not endure the sight of him. 1702 I. ii. 111 The hearts of his Subjects were not then alien'd from their duty to the King. 1835 B. Montagu in R. J. Mackintosh I. iv. 163 If the parent has any sense..he will instantly aliene the child from this wolf. 1864 Earl of Derby tr. Homer i. 661 Yet shalt thou..rather thus Be alien'd from my heart. 1870 J. R. Lowell (1873) 1st Ser. 157 Poetry had not been aliened from the people. 1999 T. C. Bonca iii. 80 It was largely his [sc. Shelley's] religious skepticism and budding political radicalism that aliened ‘his’ young women. the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > desert or abandon [verb (reflexive)] c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Macc. vi. 24 The sonys of oure peple for this thing alieneden [L. alienabant] hem fro vs. a1450 Comm. on Psalter (Royal 18 D.i) in (1923) 18 383 (MED) Of my folye willefully I alyenede me froo god. 1663 R. Allestree 35 We..vow'd to his conditions, promising obedience, and aliened our selves from our old sins, his foes. society > law > transfer of property > transfer [verb (transitive)] c1400 J. Wyclif (1880) 284 (MED) A litil lord haþ no leeue to alienen his heritage but bi leue of þe cheif lord. 1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville (Caxton) i. xxx. f. xxvv A seruaunt..may make none [testament]..to alyene ony goodes oute of his lordes hond. 1530 xxxv. f. xc A couenaunt made vpon a gyfte to the chyrche that yt shall not be alyenyd. c1595 J. Norden (1728) 14 None may alien or dispose of his tynn, till it be coyned. 1614 W. Raleigh i. ii. xxi. §1. 529 He might aliene the Crowne from his naturall Heires. 1658 J. Bramhall viii. 189 If he alien any Lands belonging to his See. 1702 R. Cocks Diary 27 Feb. in (1996) 228 It was proposed to sell the reversion of the Crown lands that were in reversions after the expiring of long leases: but that was not agreed to but it was agreed to bring in a bill not to alien them. 1768 W. Blackstone II. 289 He was not empowered to aliene. 1827 T. Jarman (ed. 3) II. 13 The statute 7 and 8 Wm. III. c. 37..provides that the Crown..may grant licenses to aliene, or take in mortmain, of whomsoever the tenements shall be holden. 1875 K. E. Digby v. 178 If tenant in tail aliened the land with warranty. 1922 115 98/2 The Married Woman's Act..does not defeat the husband's curtesy [sic] at the death of his wife, provided she has not aliened her estate before. the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > tend or incline [verb (intransitive)] > go in a certain direction ?1541 R. Copland iv. sig. Miv Whan it is seen that it [sc. the pulse] alyeneth to vnequalyte, and that it minissheth the veyne ought to be stopped. a1631 J. Donne (1633) 82 Oft from new proofes, and new phrase, new doubts grow, As strange attire aliens the men wee know. 1674 R. Godfrey 79 They confirm'd me, the tokens of corruption not gain saying it, that they had their bloods not alien'd in the least, or estrang'd from the Nature of a Balsame. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  adj.n.a1382 v.c1350 |
