companagen.

Brit.

/ˈkɒmp(ə)nɪdʒ/, U.S.

/ˈkɑmpənɪdʒ/

Forms: Middle English compernage, Middle English 1600s– companage. N.E.D. (1891) also records a form Middle English compenage.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French compernage.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman compernage, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French compenage, Anglo-Norman and Middle French companage (c1190 in Old French; French †companage ) < post-classical Latin companaticum (9th cent.; 13th cent. in a British source; also compernagium (from 13th cent. in British sources)) < classical Latin com- com- prefix + pānis bread (see pain n.²) + post-classical Latin -aticum -age suffix. Compare post-classical Latin companagium (10th cent.; frequently from 12th cent. in British sources), Old Occitan companatge (c1220), Catalan companatge (13th cent.), Spanish companaje (late 14th cent. as companage), Italian companaggio (end of the 13th cent.).The introduction of r in the second syllable in Anglo-Norman compernage (late 14th cent. in Gower) and post-classical Latin compernagium has not been adequately explained.

Now historical and rare.

Any food eaten as an accompaniment to bread, esp. as part of an allowance to a worker, tenant, etc. Cf. opsony n., kitchen n.¹ 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > additive > relish > [noun] > relish taken with bread

sowlc960

companagea1350

kitchenc1485

kitchen meat1559

opsony1657

a1350 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 28 Þah he ȝeue hem cattes dryt to huere companage, ȝet hym shulde a-rewen of þe arrerage.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 405 They haueþ growel to potage, And a leke is skyn [c1410 BL Add. a leke his kyn] to compernage [1482 Caxton companage].

a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 19 (MED) Þese fewe litil fishes þat þei hadden to companage.

1679 T. Blount Fragmenta Antiquitatis 153 Every two workmen had three Boon-loaves with Companage allowed them.

1693 J. Wright tr. W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 107 To find them every Week throughout the year fifteen Loaves of the Convent Bread,..and three pence for their Companage.

1758 J. Burton Monasticon Eboracense 223 To the whole consort of every boat-fisher (Batella piscantis) twelve loaves of white bread, and six-pence for companage.

1877 C. L. W. Powlett Hist. Battle Abbey 94 The tenants..receiving bread and companage.

1994 N. J. G. Pounds Culture of Eng. People vi. 208 Its greater abundance in modern times permitted cheese to supplement and then replace the onion, leek or garlic as ‘companage’, and the ‘ploughman's lunch’ became one of bread and cheese.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	companage
释义	companagen. Brit. /ˈkɒmp(ə)nɪdʒ/, U.S. /ˈkɑmpənɪdʒ/ Forms: Middle English compernage, Middle English 1600s– companage. N.E.D. (1891) also records a form Middle English compenage. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French compernage. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman compernage, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French compenage, Anglo-Norman and Middle French companage (c1190 in Old French; French †companage ) < post-classical Latin companaticum (9th cent.; 13th cent. in a British source; also compernagium (from 13th cent. in British sources)) < classical Latin com- com- prefix + pānis bread (see pain n.²) + post-classical Latin -aticum -age suffix. Compare post-classical Latin companagium (10th cent.; frequently from 12th cent. in British sources), Old Occitan companatge (c1220), Catalan companatge (13th cent.), Spanish companaje (late 14th cent. as companage), Italian companaggio (end of the 13th cent.).The introduction of r in the second syllable in Anglo-Norman compernage (late 14th cent. in Gower) and post-classical Latin compernagium has not been adequately explained. Now historical and rare. Any food eaten as an accompaniment to bread, esp. as part of an allowance to a worker, tenant, etc. Cf. opsony n., kitchen n.¹ 4. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > additive > relish > [noun] > relish taken with bread sowlc960 companagea1350 kitchenc1485 kitchen meat1559 opsony1657 a1350 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 28 Þah he ȝeue hem cattes dryt to huere companage, ȝet hym shulde a-rewen of þe arrerage. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 405 They haueþ growel to potage, And a leke is skyn [c1410 BL Add. a leke his kyn] to compernage [1482 Caxton companage]. a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 19 (MED) Þese fewe litil fishes þat þei hadden to companage. 1679 T. Blount Fragmenta Antiquitatis 153 Every two workmen had three Boon-loaves with Companage allowed them. 1693 J. Wright tr. W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 107 To find them every Week throughout the year fifteen Loaves of the Convent Bread,..and three pence for their Companage. 1758 J. Burton Monasticon Eboracense 223 To the whole consort of every boat-fisher (Batella piscantis) twelve loaves of white bread, and six-pence for companage. 1877 C. L. W. Powlett Hist. Battle Abbey 94 The tenants..receiving bread and companage. 1994 N. J. G. Pounds Culture of Eng. People vi. 208 Its greater abundance in modern times permitted cheese to supplement and then replace the onion, leek or garlic as ‘companage’, and the ‘ploughman's lunch’ became one of bread and cheese. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1350
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