compulsoryadj.n.

/kəmˈpʌlsəri/

Forms: Also 1500s–1700s -ary.

Etymology: < Latin type *compulsōrius , < compulsor a compeller, agent-noun < compellĕre : see -ory suffix².

A. adj.

a. Depending on or produced by compulsion; compelled, forced, enforced, obligatory. In special collocations, as compulsory education, compulsory games.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > necessity > [adjective] > absolutely compulsory

duec1400

compulsory1581

compulsive1611

unelective1666

must1912

society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > [adjective] > done, produced, or obtained by compulsion

threata1400

constraintc1430

compelled1541

compulsed1541

violent?1550

extorted1552

wrested1565

coacted1570

enforced1576

forced1576

compulsory1581

commandeda1586

coactive1596

infortiate1601

extortious1602

coact1610

compulsive1611

exacted1618

necessitous1632

violented1641

necessary1655

on-forced1656

commandatorya1659

extorsive1669

compellable1677

compulsatory1748

obbligato1780

coerced1877

mandatory1891

shotgun1937

1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 482 b Of compulsary single life.

a1626 F. Bacon Elements Common Lawes (1630) 2 The not giving counsell was compulsary.

1764 R. Burn Hist. Poor Laws 187 This author argues against the compulsory method of relief.

1861 Rep. Comm. State of Pop. Educ. Eng. I. i. vi. 300 The possibility of establishing a system of compulsory education in this country has been brought before us.

1861 Rep. Comm. State of Pop. Educ. Eng. I. i. vi. 300 Those systems of compulsory education by the State which are now established in Prussia and in other parts of Germany.

1862 C. Stretton Mem. Chequered Life II. 5 It was compulsory on me to pass his house.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People viii. 549 The bondage of compulsory worship.

1881 O. Seaman in C. E. Pascoe Everyday Life in our Public Schools 155 The school game of Shrewsbury..is football. There are four or five compulsory games a week,..from which Sixth Form and those who have medical certificates of weak health are excused.

1905 H. A. Vachell Hill ii. 27 You'll have to play the compulsory games..but I want to see you playing..in the house-games.

1918 L. Strachey Eminent Victorians 212 The modern reader of Tom Brown's Schooldays searches in vain for any reference to compulsory games.

1960 C. Day Lewis Buried Day vi. 126 There is something to be said against compulsory games... But..I am glad I was made to play them.

b. Of an agent: Acting under compulsion; compelled; involuntary.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > necessity > [adjective] > absolutely compulsory > absolutely compelled

boundc1360

needyc1430

constrained1571

necessary1654

compulsory1806

society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > [adjective] > compelled (of persons)

coactc1430

needyc1430

constrained1609

compulsive1611

obtruded1649

enforced1654

necessary1724

necessiated1727

compulsory1806

coerced1836

bulldozered1876

pressured1889

1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. iv. 81 Being a compulsory spectator and auditor of a brawling..match.

1836 H. Smith Tin Trumpet II. 47 The spontaneous evidence of a compulsory principal.

2. Involving or exercising compulsion; compelling, coercive.† compulsory letters n. [medieval Latin litterae compulsatoriae, French lettres de compulsoire] Obsolete letters issued to compel the production of documents or appearance of witnesses. compulsory purchase n. the enforced purchase of privately-owned land or property usually by a local authority under statutory powers of compulsion; frequently attributive in compulsory purchase order.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > [adjective]

strainable1483

compellatory?a1562

coactive1593

inforcive1596

enforcive1598

coercivea1600

constraining1602

constraintive1602

pulsive1602

compulsive1604

compulsatory1610

compellinga1616

compulsativea1616

compulsory1631

coercitive1632

coactinga1641

enforcinga1657

coercent1660

imposing1665

cogent1672

compellent1847

high-pressured1868

coercionary1884

steamroller1896

society > trade and finance > buying > [noun] > compulsory purchase of property

compulsory purchase1869

society > law > types of laws > [noun] > specific administrative orders

compulsory purchase order1932

tree preservation order1947

society > trade and finance > buying > [noun] > compulsory purchase of property > order

compulsory purchase order1932

1631 in S. R. Gardiner Rep. Cases Star Chamber & High Comm. (1886) 8 To send for him..in a compulsory way when he was neere, and might be sent for in a friendly, was somewhat hard.

1685 H. Consett Pract. Spiritual Courts 109 The manner of bringing in Letters Compulsaries, against the Witnesses.

1699 Bp. G. Burnet Expos. 39 Articles (1700) xiv. 135 He was as much bound, as if there had been an outward compulsory Law lying upon him.

1789 Constit. U.S. Amendm. 6 The right..to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor.

1840 W. Irving Chron. Wolfert's Roost (1855) 177 These compulsory measures for a short time gave a false credit to the bank.

1869 Bradshaw's Railway Man. 21 40 Extra land, 10 acres; compulsory purchase, 2 years; completion of works, four years.

1932 Act 22 & 23 Geo. V c. 48 §25(2) They may..be authorised to purchase that land compulsorily by means of an order (in this Act referred to as a ‘compulsory purchase order’).

1962 J. Braine Life at Top x. 138 Hewley was the leader of the Labour group on the Council... And Hewley thought that the compulsory purchase wouldn't go through.

a1974 R. Crossman Diaries (1975) I. 67 Planning permissions and compulsory purchase orders.

1976 S. Wales Echo 26 Nov. Plans are in hand for compulsory purchase of 100 houses.

B. n.

A compulsory agency or means; a legal mandate compelling obedience.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > mandate

compulsorya1513

mandate1552

mandatum1577

mandatory1839

society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > [noun] > agency or means of

compulsorya1513

screw1618

wrench1622

compulsive1638

coercitive1651

coercive1651

enforcive1686

persuader1788

steamroller1896

society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > writ > other writs compelling or empowering sheriff

withernam1292

exigenta1325

scire facias1445

fieri-facias?1463

distringas1467

compulsorya1513

praemunirea1529

writ of waste1528–30

exigi facias1589

liberate1590

justicies1592

peremptory1606

pone1607

pone per vadium1607

levari faciasa1625

letters (or commissions) of fire and sword1678

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxxxvii. f. clix^v Whan he sawe y^t he myght not reconsyle them by fayre meanys he than vsed compulsares.

a1601 W. Lambarde Archion (1635) 187 Witness against whom the manner was to award Compulsaries for their appearance.

1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais 1st Bk. Wks. v. 26 A gammon of bacon? it is the compulsory of drinkers.

1694 P. Falle Acct. Isle of Jersey v. 154 They shall be convened into Court by Mandate, paying double Charges for the Compulsory.

1764 R. Burn Hist. Poor Laws 140 There was a compulsary laid upon men, for the relief of the poor..to wit, the statute of the 43 Eliz. c. 2, being the first compulsary law..of that kind.

Draft additions March 2004

Diving, Figure-skating, and Gymnastics. A performance or routine consisting of a set of required moves or elements, as opposed to one in which the choice of moves lies with the performer (cf. optional n. 2, free skating n. at free adj., n., and adv. Compounds 2); a round of a competition consisting of such routines. Frequently in plural.

ΚΠ

1926 N.Y. Times 24 Mar. 19/6 Fancy Diving (three compulsories, two optionals)—Won by Miss Esther Foley, N.Y.U.

1960 Olympic Games 1960 106 (caption) He places second in the compulsory but is unbeatable in the free skating.

1961 J. S. Salak Dict. Amer. Sports 390 Set (gymnastics), a routine that is arranged in advance and which is required of all performers. Also, required routine; required set; compulsory.

1978 Washington Post 21 May d7/3 Compulsories in eight events are scheduled for Thursday... Optionals are Friday.

1998 J. Woolum Outstanding Women Athletes (ed. 2) iii. 79 Practicing the compulsories was tedious work; she much preferred free-skating.

Draft additions June 2007

compulsory purchase annuity n. British Finance an annuity that must be purchased with the accumulated proceeds of saving in certain types of pension scheme; cf. purchased life annuity n. at purchased adj. Compounds.

ΚΠ

1982 Financial Times 26 Aug. 16/4 A doubling in conventional single premium business from £4.15m to £8.25m, backed by a new successful income plan and good compulsory purchase annuity business.

2006 Money Managem. (Nexis) 1 Feb. There are two main forms of annuities: compulsory purchase annuities (CPA) and purchased life annuities (PLA). The distinctions lie in the tax treatment of each, and in the fact that CPAs are purchased with the proceeds of pension funds.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

单词	compulsory
释义	compulsoryadj.n. /kəmˈpʌlsəri/ Forms: Also 1500s–1700s -ary. Etymology: < Latin type compulsōrius , < compulsor* a compeller, agent-noun < compellĕre : see -ory suffix². A. adj. 1. a. Depending on or produced by compulsion; compelled, forced, enforced, obligatory. In special collocations, as compulsory education, compulsory games. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > necessity > [adjective] > absolutely compulsory duec1400 compulsory1581 compulsive1611 unelective1666 must1912 society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > [adjective] > done, produced, or obtained by compulsion threata1400 constraintc1430 compelled1541 compulsed1541 violent?1550 extorted1552 wrested1565 coacted1570 enforced1576 forced1576 compulsory1581 commandeda1586 coactive1596 infortiate1601 extortious1602 coact1610 compulsive1611 exacted1618 necessitous1632 violented1641 necessary1655 on-forced1656 commandatorya1659 extorsive1669 compellable1677 compulsatory1748 obbligato1780 coerced1877 mandatory1891 shotgun1937 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 482 b Of compulsary single life. a1626 F. Bacon Elements Common Lawes (1630) 2 The not giving counsell was compulsary. 1764 R. Burn Hist. Poor Laws 187 This author argues against the compulsory method of relief. 1861 Rep. Comm. State of Pop. Educ. Eng. I. i. vi. 300 The possibility of establishing a system of compulsory education in this country has been brought before us. 1861 Rep. Comm. State of Pop. Educ. Eng. I. i. vi. 300 Those systems of compulsory education by the State which are now established in Prussia and in other parts of Germany. 1862 C. Stretton Mem. Chequered Life II. 5 It was compulsory on me to pass his house. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People viii. 549 The bondage of compulsory worship. 1881 O. Seaman in C. E. Pascoe Everyday Life in our Public Schools 155 The school game of Shrewsbury..is football. There are four or five compulsory games a week,..from which Sixth Form and those who have medical certificates of weak health are excused. 1905 H. A. Vachell Hill ii. 27 You'll have to play the compulsory games..but I want to see you playing..in the house-games. 1918 L. Strachey Eminent Victorians 212 The modern reader of Tom Brown's Schooldays searches in vain for any reference to compulsory games. 1960 C. Day Lewis Buried Day vi. 126 There is something to be said against compulsory games... But..I am glad I was made to play them. b. Of an agent: Acting under compulsion; compelled; involuntary. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > necessity > [adjective] > absolutely compulsory > absolutely compelled boundc1360 needyc1430 constrained1571 necessary1654 compulsory1806 society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > [adjective] > compelled (of persons) coactc1430 needyc1430 constrained1609 compulsive1611 obtruded1649 enforced1654 necessary1724 necessiated1727 compulsory1806 coerced1836 bulldozered1876 pressured1889 1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. iv. 81 Being a compulsory spectator and auditor of a brawling..match. 1836 H. Smith Tin Trumpet II. 47 The spontaneous evidence of a compulsory principal. 2. Involving or exercising compulsion; compelling, coercive.† compulsory letters n. [medieval Latin litterae compulsatoriae, French lettres de compulsoire] Obsolete letters issued to compel the production of documents or appearance of witnesses. compulsory purchase n. the enforced purchase of privately-owned land or property usually by a local authority under statutory powers of compulsion; frequently attributive in compulsory purchase order. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > [adjective] strainable1483 compellatory?a1562 coactive1593 inforcive1596 enforcive1598 coercivea1600 constraining1602 constraintive1602 pulsive1602 compulsive1604 compulsatory1610 compellinga1616 compulsativea1616 compulsory1631 coercitive1632 coactinga1641 enforcinga1657 coercent1660 imposing1665 cogent1672 compellent1847 high-pressured1868 coercionary1884 steamroller1896 society > trade and finance > buying > [noun] > compulsory purchase of property compulsory purchase1869 society > law > types of laws > [noun] > specific administrative orders compulsory purchase order1932 tree preservation order1947 society > trade and finance > buying > [noun] > compulsory purchase of property > order compulsory purchase order1932 1631 in S. R. Gardiner Rep. Cases Star Chamber & High Comm. (1886) 8 To send for him..in a compulsory way when he was neere, and might be sent for in a friendly, was somewhat hard. 1685 H. Consett Pract. Spiritual Courts 109 The manner of bringing in Letters Compulsaries, against the Witnesses. 1699 Bp. G. Burnet Expos. 39 Articles (1700) xiv. 135 He was as much bound, as if there had been an outward compulsory Law lying upon him. 1789 Constit. U.S. Amendm. 6 The right..to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor. 1840 W. Irving Chron. Wolfert's Roost (1855) 177 These compulsory measures for a short time gave a false credit to the bank. 1869 Bradshaw's Railway Man. 21 40 Extra land, 10 acres; compulsory purchase, 2 years; completion of works, four years. 1932 Act 22 & 23 Geo. V c. 48 §25(2) They may..be authorised to purchase that land compulsorily by means of an order (in this Act referred to as a ‘compulsory purchase order’). 1962 J. Braine Life at Top x. 138 Hewley was the leader of the Labour group on the Council... And Hewley thought that the compulsory purchase wouldn't go through. a1974 R. Crossman Diaries (1975) I. 67 Planning permissions and compulsory purchase orders. 1976 S. Wales Echo 26 Nov. Plans are in hand for compulsory purchase of 100 houses. B. n. A compulsory agency or means; a legal mandate compelling obedience. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > mandate compulsorya1513 mandate1552 mandatum1577 mandatory1839 society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > [noun] > agency or means of compulsorya1513 screw1618 wrench1622 compulsive1638 coercitive1651 coercive1651 enforcive1686 persuader1788 steamroller1896 society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > writ > other writs compelling or empowering sheriff withernam1292 exigenta1325 scire facias1445 fieri-facias?1463 distringas1467 compulsorya1513 praemunirea1529 writ of waste1528–30 exigi facias1589 liberate1590 justicies1592 peremptory1606 pone1607 pone per vadium1607 levari faciasa1625 letters (or commissions) of fire and sword1678 a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxxxvii. f. clix^v Whan he sawe y^t he myght not reconsyle them by fayre meanys he than vsed compulsares. a1601 W. Lambarde Archion (1635) 187 Witness against whom the manner was to award Compulsaries for their appearance. 1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais 1st Bk. Wks. v. 26 A gammon of bacon? it is the compulsory of drinkers. 1694 P. Falle Acct. Isle of Jersey v. 154 They shall be convened into Court by Mandate, paying double Charges for the Compulsory. 1764 R. Burn Hist. Poor Laws 140 There was a compulsary laid upon men, for the relief of the poor..to wit, the statute of the 43 Eliz. c. 2, being the first compulsary law..of that kind. Draft additions March 2004 Diving, Figure-skating, and Gymnastics. A performance or routine consisting of a set of required moves or elements, as opposed to one in which the choice of moves lies with the performer (cf. optional n. 2, free skating n. at free adj., n., and adv. Compounds 2); a round of a competition consisting of such routines. Frequently in plural. ΚΠ 1926 N.Y. Times 24 Mar. 19/6 Fancy Diving (three compulsories, two optionals)—Won by Miss Esther Foley, N.Y.U. 1960 Olympic Games 1960 106 (caption) He places second in the compulsory but is unbeatable in the free skating. 1961 J. S. Salak Dict. Amer. Sports 390 Set (gymnastics), a routine that is arranged in advance and which is required of all performers. Also, required routine; required set; compulsory. 1978 Washington Post 21 May d7/3 Compulsories in eight events are scheduled for Thursday... Optionals are Friday. 1998 J. Woolum Outstanding Women Athletes (ed. 2) iii. 79 Practicing the compulsories was tedious work; she much preferred free-skating. Draft additions June 2007 compulsory purchase annuity n. British Finance an annuity that must be purchased with the accumulated proceeds of saving in certain types of pension scheme; cf. purchased life annuity n. at purchased adj. Compounds. ΚΠ 1982 Financial Times 26 Aug. 16/4 A doubling in conventional single premium business from £4.15m to £8.25m, backed by a new successful income plan and good compulsory purchase annuity business. 2006 Money Managem. (Nexis) 1 Feb. There are two main forms of annuities: compulsory purchase annuities (CPA) and purchased life annuities (PLA). The distinctions lie in the tax treatment of each, and in the fact that CPAs are purchased with the proceeds of pension funds. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online September 2021). < adj.n.a1513
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