communalistn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈkɒmjᵿnəlɪst/,

/ˈkɒmjᵿnl̩ɪst/,

/kəˈmjuːnəlɪst/,

/kəˈmjuːnl̩ɪst/, U.S.

/kəˈmjunl̩əst/

Forms: also with capital initial.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; originally modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: communal adj., -ist suffix.

Etymology: < communal adj. + -ist suffix, originally after French communaliste (1871 in sense A. 1; earlier in sense ‘member of a certain religious community’ (1752)). Compare communalism n.

A. n.

1. An advocate of communalism (communalism n. 1); esp. a member or supporter of the Paris Commune of 1871, a Communard. Now rare (historical in later use).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > French politics > [noun] > principles or policies > supporters of

federate1650

clubbist1793

Jacobin1793

communist1870

communalist1871

Communard1871

Sillonist1910

1871 Times 29 Mar. 12/2 The day before yesterday the Prefect of the Haute-Loire was assassinated at night by the ‘Communalists’ of St. Etienne.

1872 W. Besant & J. Rice Ready-money Mortiboy viii One who battles for a hopeless cause like a Communalist of Paris.

1906 Liberty Rev. Nov. 196 Paris was rescued from Rochefort, Reclus, and the ‘Communalists’ who had doomed it to the flames.

1944 Law Jrnl. 94 14 Communalists hold the view that every considerable town should be an autonomous body, practically an independent State.

2. A person who advocates or practises communalism (communalism n. 2).

ΚΠ

1914 Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. 29 474 To all of this the individualists reply that the method of the communalist begs the question.

1937 L. A. Owen Russ. Peasant Movement v. 212 Clashes induced by land committees between communalists and private owners.

1972 D. Buchan Ballad & Folk ii. vi. 59 These insights were, however, lost in the critical mêlée between ‘Individualists’ and ‘Communalists’.

2002 P. Deloria in P. Braunstein & M. W. Doyle Imagine Nation ii. vi. 160 The communalists worked hard to counteract their parents' America, perceived in terms of consumptive excess.

3. Originally and chiefly South Asian. An advocate of communalism (communalism n. 3); a person who upholds the interests of his or her own religious or ethnic group. Also: a person who advocates political representation or separatism along ethnic or religious lines.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > specific political theories or doctrines > [noun] > other political theories or doctrines > adherents of

quietist1783

restrictionist1812

progressist1844

abstentionist1857

progressive1884

productivist1892

white supremacist1896

restrictivist1899

minimalist1906

renovationist1920

Eurasian1922

communalist1927

Europasian1928

cultural Marxist1998

1927 Times 21 Jan. 13/3 Mr. Jinnah spoke for the Moslems, but..they are not sure he is a stiff enough Communalist for them.

1946 W. C. Smith Mod. Islam in India II. i. 157 Muslim communalists..have been highly conscious of the Muslims within India as a supposedly single, cohesive community.

1990 Independent (Nexis) 5 July 23 Their policies play into the hands of the racists, the communalists and the fundamentalists who would identify us as members of racial groupings and not as individual British citizens.

2004 R. Srikanth World Next Door 255 The use of Hinduism today by right-wing communalists in India to desecularize the nation and declare it a Hindu state.

B. adj.

1. Of or relating to communalists (sense A. 1); that advocates or practises the communal organization of society; spec. of or relating to the Commune of Paris of 1871 (now historical).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > specific political theories or doctrines > [adjective] > other political theories or doctrines

radical1783

progressive1830

progressist1843

abstentionist1857

restrictionist1858

communalist1871

mutualistic1874

militant1876

possibilist1881

productivist1892

radical feminist1905

rejectionist1909

minimalist1917

pan-Asian1917

maximalist1918

one-world1919

Eurasian1922

gradualistic1926

Europasian1928

gradualist1931

social revolutionary1931

renovationist1934

restrictivist1936

identitarian1943

cultural Marxist1949

1871 Times 29 Mar. 5/3 The chiefs of the Communalist school, which has only shown itself outside the Hôtel de Ville.

1939 W. J. Blake Elem. of Marxian Econ. Theory i. 17 To relate human demands and psychology..in the Inca communalist theocracy to the New York Stock Exchange, will merely tell us that men prefer some things more than others.

1953 Daily Courier (Connellsville, Pa.) 21 Mar. 4/1 Africa is truly wholeheartedly communalist in its traditional way of life.

1969 Jrnl. Mod. Hist. 41 305 The same decentralist reaction that found conservative expression in the departmental council law of 1871..found its leftist expression in the communalist movement.

1990 J. Gray Rebellions & Revol. xvii. 376 The success of the decentralized activities of the Chinese industrial co-operatives..confirmed to Mao..the practical economic superiority of his communalist version of socialism.

2. Originally and chiefly South Asian. Of or relating to communalists (sense A. 3); characterized by strong allegiance to one's own religious or ethnic group, rather than to society or a nation as a whole.

ΚΠ

1931 Times 10 Apr. 12/4 The local Congress newspaper..has frequently attacked Sir Fazl-i Husain..for alleged Communalist intrigues.

1962 Ethics 72 92/2 Communalist mutinies, which eventually took away Gandhi's life.

1996 Irish Times (Nexis) 13 Sept. 12 Deals have been cut involving paramilitary warlords and communalist politicians, which have..entrenched polarisation.

2006 G. Kepel Jihad (ed. 4) viii. 198 The United Kingdom..emphasized community identification over individual integration. Thus it prolonged the communalist tradition of the British Indian Empire.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	communalist
释义	communalistn.adj. Brit. /ˈkɒmjᵿnəlɪst/, /ˈkɒmjᵿnl̩ɪst/, /kəˈmjuːnəlɪst/, /kəˈmjuːnl̩ɪst/, U.S. /kəˈmjunl̩əst/ Forms: also with capital initial. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; originally modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: communal adj., -ist suffix. Etymology: < communal adj. + -ist suffix, originally after French communaliste (1871 in sense A. 1; earlier in sense ‘member of a certain religious community’ (1752)). Compare communalism n. A. n. 1. An advocate of communalism (communalism n. 1); esp. a member or supporter of the Paris Commune of 1871, a Communard. Now rare (historical in later use). ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > French politics > [noun] > principles or policies > supporters of federate1650 clubbist1793 Jacobin1793 communist1870 communalist1871 Communard1871 Sillonist1910 1871 Times 29 Mar. 12/2 The day before yesterday the Prefect of the Haute-Loire was assassinated at night by the ‘Communalists’ of St. Etienne. 1872 W. Besant & J. Rice Ready-money Mortiboy viii One who battles for a hopeless cause like a Communalist of Paris. 1906 Liberty Rev. Nov. 196 Paris was rescued from Rochefort, Reclus, and the ‘Communalists’ who had doomed it to the flames. 1944 Law Jrnl. 94 14 Communalists hold the view that every considerable town should be an autonomous body, practically an independent State. 2. A person who advocates or practises communalism (communalism n. 2). ΚΠ 1914 Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. 29 474 To all of this the individualists reply that the method of the communalist begs the question. 1937 L. A. Owen Russ. Peasant Movement v. 212 Clashes induced by land committees between communalists and private owners. 1972 D. Buchan Ballad & Folk ii. vi. 59 These insights were, however, lost in the critical mêlée between ‘Individualists’ and ‘Communalists’. 2002 P. Deloria in P. Braunstein & M. W. Doyle Imagine Nation ii. vi. 160 The communalists worked hard to counteract their parents' America, perceived in terms of consumptive excess. 3. Originally and chiefly South Asian. An advocate of communalism (communalism n. 3); a person who upholds the interests of his or her own religious or ethnic group. Also: a person who advocates political representation or separatism along ethnic or religious lines. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > specific political theories or doctrines > [noun] > other political theories or doctrines > adherents of quietist1783 restrictionist1812 progressist1844 abstentionist1857 progressive1884 productivist1892 white supremacist1896 restrictivist1899 minimalist1906 renovationist1920 Eurasian1922 communalist1927 Europasian1928 cultural Marxist1998 1927 Times 21 Jan. 13/3 Mr. Jinnah spoke for the Moslems, but..they are not sure he is a stiff enough Communalist for them. 1946 W. C. Smith Mod. Islam in India II. i. 157 Muslim communalists..have been highly conscious of the Muslims within India as a supposedly single, cohesive community. 1990 Independent (Nexis) 5 July 23 Their policies play into the hands of the racists, the communalists and the fundamentalists who would identify us as members of racial groupings and not as individual British citizens. 2004 R. Srikanth World Next Door 255 The use of Hinduism today by right-wing communalists in India to desecularize the nation and declare it a Hindu state. B. adj. 1. Of or relating to communalists (sense A. 1); that advocates or practises the communal organization of society; spec. of or relating to the Commune of Paris of 1871 (now historical). ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > specific political theories or doctrines > [adjective] > other political theories or doctrines radical1783 progressive1830 progressist1843 abstentionist1857 restrictionist1858 communalist1871 mutualistic1874 militant1876 possibilist1881 productivist1892 radical feminist1905 rejectionist1909 minimalist1917 pan-Asian1917 maximalist1918 one-world1919 Eurasian1922 gradualistic1926 Europasian1928 gradualist1931 social revolutionary1931 renovationist1934 restrictivist1936 identitarian1943 cultural Marxist1949 1871 Times 29 Mar. 5/3 The chiefs of the Communalist school, which has only shown itself outside the Hôtel de Ville. 1939 W. J. Blake Elem. of Marxian Econ. Theory i. 17 To relate human demands and psychology..in the Inca communalist theocracy to the New York Stock Exchange, will merely tell us that men prefer some things more than others. 1953 Daily Courier (Connellsville, Pa.) 21 Mar. 4/1 Africa is truly wholeheartedly communalist in its traditional way of life. 1969 Jrnl. Mod. Hist. 41 305 The same decentralist reaction that found conservative expression in the departmental council law of 1871..found its leftist expression in the communalist movement. 1990 J. Gray Rebellions & Revol. xvii. 376 The success of the decentralized activities of the Chinese industrial co-operatives..confirmed to Mao..the practical economic superiority of his communalist version of socialism. 2. Originally and chiefly South Asian. Of or relating to communalists (sense A. 3); characterized by strong allegiance to one's own religious or ethnic group, rather than to society or a nation as a whole. ΚΠ 1931 Times 10 Apr. 12/4 The local Congress newspaper..has frequently attacked Sir Fazl-i Husain..for alleged Communalist intrigues. 1962 Ethics 72 92/2 Communalist mutinies, which eventually took away Gandhi's life. 1996 Irish Times (Nexis) 13 Sept. 12 Deals have been cut involving paramilitary warlords and communalist politicians, which have..entrenched polarisation. 2006 G. Kepel Jihad (ed. 4) viii. 198 The United Kingdom..emphasized community identification over individual integration. Thus it prolonged the communalist tradition of the British Indian Empire. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1871
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