communalismn.

Brit.

/ˈkɒmjᵿnəlɪz(ə)m/,

/ˈkɒmjᵿnl̩ɪz(ə)m/,

/kəˈmjuːnəlɪz(ə)m/,

/kəˈmjuːnl̩ɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/kəˈmjunlˌɪz(ə)m/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; probably originally modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: communal adj., -ism suffix.

Etymology: < communal adj. + -ism suffix, probably originally after French communalisme (1854 or earlier). Compare communalist n., communalist adj.

1. A principle or system of social organization in which the major political units of society are local self-governing communities. Now rare (historical in later use).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > French politics > [noun] > principles or policies

Jacobinism1793

Church and Kingism1794

anti-Jacobinism1809

anticivism1837

communalism1871

communism1871

Sillonism1910

society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > principles of or attachment to types of government > [noun] > provincial or local autonomy

provincialism1822

municipalism1851

communalism1871

communism1871

cantonalism1873

1871 J. Leighton Paris under Commune viii. 206 Communalism here presents a singular likeness to Communism.

1889 Times 11 June 7/2 We have, in fact, to deal with a party [sc. the Liberal Party] who are going straight not only for particularism, but for disintegration and for ‘communalism’ in the French sense.

1944 Law Jrnl. 94 14 Nor is Communism equivalent to Communalism. Communalists hold the view that every considerable town should be an autonomous body, practically an independent State.

2. Communal living, usually with common ownership of property; the organization of society at the level of the community rather than the individual.

ΚΠ

1897 F. W. Maitland Domesday Bk. & Beyond ii. vi. 346 In the [Anglo-Saxon] laws there is really no hint of communalism... It is compatible with the most absolute individualism.

1932 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 21 May 4/6 There exists a primitive sort of communalism which shares to the last crumb.

1975 R. Rapoport & R. N. Rapoport Leisure & Family Life Cycle (1978) iii. 154 Some simply share flats without any ideology of communalism.

2008 National Post (Canada) (Nexis) 19 Jan. a24 It pulled him out of the communalism that has always crippled Russia and helped him realize himself as an individualist in the West.

3. Originally and chiefly South Asian. Strong allegiance to one's own ethnic or religious group, rather than to a society or nation as a whole; religious factionalism, ethnocentrism. Also: the structuring of society or politics on the basis of this.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > specific political theories or doctrines > [noun] > other political theories or doctrines

white supremacy1824

gradualism1835

reformism1838

restrictionism1840

mutualism1842

new politics1844

perpetualism1849

economism1850

progressivism1855

possibilism1883

radicalism1899

maximalism1909

radical feminism1912

Eurasianism1922

communalism1923

los von Rom1923

voluntarism1924

exceptionalism1929

third way1935

cultural Marxism1938

quislingism1940

identitarianism1943

libertarianism1948

one-worldism1948

renewalism1965

ecologism1969

Third Worldism1970

ecofeminism1980

communitarian1984

1923 Times 30 May 10/2 The proposed scheme makes communalism the basis of representation... It is surely reactionary to propose to-day to establish representation on a racial basis.

1947 in A. G. Noorani Muslims of India (2003) i. 64 The audience, which numbered 60,000 Muslims from all walks of life,..cheered him when he condemned communalism in every shape and form.

1986 Sunday (Calcutta) 22 June 55/2 Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru..not only practised secularism but stood up to fight against communalism.

2001 Daily Tel. 22 June 29/1 The provisions of the Belfast Agreement entrench communalism, rather than transcend it.

2003 M. Kapur Married Woman (2004) iv. 120 The effects of communalism on the education of Muslim children.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	communalism
释义	communalismn. Brit. /ˈkɒmjᵿnəlɪz(ə)m/, /ˈkɒmjᵿnl̩ɪz(ə)m/, /kəˈmjuːnəlɪz(ə)m/, /kəˈmjuːnl̩ɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /kəˈmjunlˌɪz(ə)m/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; probably originally modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: communal adj., -ism suffix. Etymology: < communal adj. + -ism suffix, probably originally after French communalisme (1854 or earlier). Compare communalist n., communalist adj. 1. A principle or system of social organization in which the major political units of society are local self-governing communities. Now rare (historical in later use). ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > French politics > [noun] > principles or policies Jacobinism1793 Church and Kingism1794 anti-Jacobinism1809 anticivism1837 communalism1871 communism1871 Sillonism1910 society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > principles of or attachment to types of government > [noun] > provincial or local autonomy provincialism1822 municipalism1851 communalism1871 communism1871 cantonalism1873 1871 J. Leighton Paris under Commune viii. 206 Communalism here presents a singular likeness to Communism. 1889 Times 11 June 7/2 We have, in fact, to deal with a party [sc. the Liberal Party] who are going straight not only for particularism, but for disintegration and for ‘communalism’ in the French sense. 1944 Law Jrnl. 94 14 Nor is Communism equivalent to Communalism. Communalists hold the view that every considerable town should be an autonomous body, practically an independent State. 2. Communal living, usually with common ownership of property; the organization of society at the level of the community rather than the individual. ΚΠ 1897 F. W. Maitland Domesday Bk. & Beyond ii. vi. 346 In the [Anglo-Saxon] laws there is really no hint of communalism... It is compatible with the most absolute individualism. 1932 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 21 May 4/6 There exists a primitive sort of communalism which shares to the last crumb. 1975 R. Rapoport & R. N. Rapoport Leisure & Family Life Cycle (1978) iii. 154 Some simply share flats without any ideology of communalism. 2008 National Post (Canada) (Nexis) 19 Jan. a24 It pulled him out of the communalism that has always crippled Russia and helped him realize himself as an individualist in the West. 3. Originally and chiefly South Asian. Strong allegiance to one's own ethnic or religious group, rather than to a society or nation as a whole; religious factionalism, ethnocentrism. Also: the structuring of society or politics on the basis of this. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > specific political theories or doctrines > [noun] > other political theories or doctrines white supremacy1824 gradualism1835 reformism1838 restrictionism1840 mutualism1842 new politics1844 perpetualism1849 economism1850 progressivism1855 possibilism1883 radicalism1899 maximalism1909 radical feminism1912 Eurasianism1922 communalism1923 los von Rom1923 voluntarism1924 exceptionalism1929 third way1935 cultural Marxism1938 quislingism1940 identitarianism1943 libertarianism1948 one-worldism1948 renewalism1965 ecologism1969 Third Worldism1970 ecofeminism1980 communitarian1984 1923 Times 30 May 10/2 The proposed scheme makes communalism the basis of representation... It is surely reactionary to propose to-day to establish representation on a racial basis. 1947 in A. G. Noorani Muslims of India (2003) i. 64 The audience, which numbered 60,000 Muslims from all walks of life,..cheered him when he condemned communalism in every shape and form. 1986 Sunday (Calcutta) 22 June 55/2 Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru..not only practised secularism but stood up to fight against communalism. 2001 Daily Tel. 22 June 29/1 The provisions of the Belfast Agreement entrench communalism, rather than transcend it. 2003 M. Kapur Married Woman (2004) iv. 120 The effects of communalism on the education of Muslim children. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1871
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