commercen.

Brit.

/ˈkɒməːs/, U.S.

/ˈkɑmərs/

Forms: Also 1600s comerce, commerse.

Etymology: < French commerce, < Latin commercium trade, trafficking, < com- together, with, + merx , merci- merchandise, ware. Used only since the 16th cent.; the earlier term was merchandise . The stress was originally on second syllable, as in Watts 1706 (sense 2c); Gay 1720 (sense 1) shows the present usage.

a. Exchange between men of the products of nature or art; buying and selling together; trading; exchange of merchandise, esp. as conducted on a large scale between different countries or districts; including the whole of the transactions, arrangements, etc., therein involved. chamber of commerce: see chamber n. Phrases 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > [noun]

mongingOE

cheapinga1000

cheapOE

chaffer?c1225

merchandisea1300

market-making1340

merchandyc1350

corseriec1380

chafferinga1382

need-doinga1382

changea1387

chapmanhoodc1386

cossery?a1400

bargaining1401

merchandisinga1425

merchandrya1450

intercourse1473

business1478

chapmanry1483

the feat of merchandisec1503

market1525

trade1549

marting1553

contractation1555

trading1556

merchantryc1560

marketing1561

mart1562

trafficking1570

contraction1582

tract1582

nundination1586

commerce1587

chafferya1599

negotiation1601

intertraffica1603

traffic1603

commercery1604

intertrading1606

correspondence1607

mercature1611

correspondency1613

coss?1635

negotiating1640

dealing1691

chapmanship1727

merchanting1883

intertrade1915

1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1415/1 So hath the same mutuall and naturall concourse and commerce beene without interruption..to the singular great benefit and inriching of their people.

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Comercio, trafficke, intercourse, commerce.

1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ To Rdr. sig. A3^v They are the soul of Trade, they make Commerce, Expan'd it self throughout the Univers.

1720 J. Gay Poems Several Occasions II. 302 There commerce plenty brings from foreign coasts.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Chamber Chambers of Commerce, are Assemblies of Merchants and Dealers, where they treat about Matters relating to Commerce.

1784 T. Gordon (title) Carriages, for the purposes of inland commerce, agriculture, etc.

1875 W. S. Jevons Money (1878) 83 All commerce consists in the exchange of commodities of equal value.

1884 Pall Mall Gaz. 26 Feb. 12/1 The war of commerce which, under the name of ‘competition’, goes on unceasingly.

†b. plural. Mercantile dealings. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1593 R. Harvey Philadelphus 3 Hee will be aboue your commercies, and throw you into the marshes.

1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 18 What are the commerces of men, but courteous cousenages?

1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. 185 Moderation in commerces.

†c. The company of merchants, the commercial body (of a place). [ < Spanish comercio.] Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. x. 239 The commerce at Manila is provided with three or four stout ships, that, in case of any accident, the trade may not be suspended.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. viii. 376 The Commerce and the Governor disagreed.

d. (†) Trade, business (obsolete); a business. rare.

ΚΠ

1758 R. Griffiths Descr. Thames 256 Fisheries denote the Commerce of Fish, more especially the Catching them for Sale.

1873 R. Browning Red Cotton Night-cap Country iii. 168 Disposure of the commerce—that took time, And would not suffer by a week's delay.

a. Intercourse in the affairs of life; dealings.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > [noun]

conversationc1340

dolea1400

repairc1425

fellowshipc1450

frequentation?1520

communion1529

society1531

commerce1537

commercement1537

society1538

trade1555

intercourse1557

company1576

intercommunication1586

interdeal1591

entertain1602

consort1607

entregent1607

quarter1608

commercing1610

converse1610

trucka1625

congress1628

socialty1638

frequency1642

socialitya1649

socialness1727

intercommuniona1761

social life1812

dialogue1890

discourse1963

1537 Cardinal R. Pole Let. in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. App. lxxxiv. 219 To have me in his hand he would be content..to disturb al commerce between..man and man.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iii. iv. 171 He is now in some commerce with my Ladie.

1749 Visct. Bolingbroke Lett. Spirit Patriotism 218 The free and easy commerce of social life.

1760 R. James Canine Madness 13 Domestic animals which have the greatest Commerce with mankind.

1795 W. Paley View Evidences Christianity (ed. 3) II. ii. iv. 121 In our Lord's commerce with his disciples.

1858 T. J. Hogg Life Shelley II. 329 He sought literary and scientific conversation, and the commerce of wits.

†b. (with a and plural)

ΚΠ

a1641 J. Suckling Lett. 67 Makes me think writing a dull commerce.

1656 tr. T. White Peripateticall Inst. 428 In all the Peregrinations of the Patriarchs, or even the commerces of the Kings with Ægypt.

1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 76. ⁋1 A Man who is..not engaged in Commerces of any Consideration, is but an ill Judge of the secret Motions of the Heart of Man.

c. Intercourse or converse with God, with spirits, passions, thoughts, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > spiritual or mental

fellowredc1230

fellowshipc1384

commerce1597

communing1608

communion1800

1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. xviii. 28 Places of publique resort being thus prouided..our repaire thither is especially for..commerce to be had betweene God and vs.

1638 Bp. J. Wilkins Discov. World in Moone vi. 83 Soules, that..have freed themselves from any commerce with the body.

1706 I. Watts Horæ Lyricæ i. 26 I hold no more Commerce with Hell.

1796 C. Burney Mem. Life Metastasio III. 39 Worthy of a man in commerce with the Muses.

a1807 W. Wordsworth Prelude (1959) xiii. 478 We sank Each into commerce with his private thoughts.

1835 I. Taylor Spiritual Despotism iii. 85 To hold any commerce with great and sublime principles.

†d. of good (etc.) commerce: agreeable (etc.) in intercourse, ‘pleasant to meet’. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > social intercourse or companionship > [adjective] > affable

familiarc1425

affable?c1475

facilea1592

general1596

of good (etc.) commerce1791

blokeish1920

1791 F. Burney Jrnls. & Lett. (1972) I. 52 The Bishop is..otherwise, intelligent & of good commerce.

3. Intercourse of the sexes; esp. in a bad sense.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > [noun] > sexual intercourse

ymonec950

moneOE

meanc1175

manredc1275

swivinga1300

couplec1320

companyc1330

fellowred1340

the service of Venusc1350

miskissinga1387

fellowshipc1390

meddlinga1398

carnal knowinga1400

flesha1400

knowledgea1400

knowledginga1400

japec1400

commoning?c1425

commixtionc1429

itc1440

communicationc1450

couplingc1475

mellingc1480

carnality1483

copulation1483

mixturea1500

Venus act?1507

Venus exercise?1507

Venus play?1507

Venus work?1507

conversation?c1510

flesh-company1522

act?1532

carnal knowledge1532

occupying?1544

congression1546

soil1555

conjunction1567

fucking1568

rem in re1568

commixture1573

coiture1574

shaking of the sheets?1577

cohabitation1579

bedding1589

congress1589

union1598

embrace1599

making-outa1601

rutting1600

noddy1602

poop-noddy1606

conversinga1610

carnal confederacy1610

wapping1610

businessa1612

coition1615

doinga1616

amation1623

commerce1624

hot cocklesa1627

other thing1628

buck1632

act of love1638

commistion1658

subagitation1658

cuntc1664

coit1671

intimacy1676

the last favour1676

quiffing1686

old hat1697

correspondence1698

frigging1708

Moll Peatley1711

coitus1713

sexual intercourse1753

shagging1772

connection1791

intercourse1803

interunion1822

greens1846

tail1846

copula1864

poking1864

fuckeea1866

sex relation1871

wantonizing1884

belly-flopping1893

twatting1893

jelly roll1895

mattress-jig1896

sex1900

screwing1904

jazz1918

zig-zig1918

other1922

booty1926

pigmeat1926

jazzing1927

poontang1927

relations1927

whoopee1928

nookie1930

hump1931

jig-a-jig1932

homework1933

quickie1933

nasty1934

jig-jig1935

crumpet1936

pussy1937

Sir Berkeley1937

pom-pom1945

poon1947

charvering1954

mollocking1959

leg1967

rumpy-pumpy1968

shafting1971

home plate1972

pata-pata1977

bonking1985

legover1985

knobbing1986

rumpo1986

fanny1993

1624 T. Heywood Γυναικεῖον iv. 181 With all these noble matrons he is said to have commerse.

1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 266. ⁋1 The unlawful Commerce of the Sexes.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones V. xv. ix. 268 Sophia's..Virtue..made his Commerce with Lady Bellaston appear still more odious.

1803 T. R. Malthus Ess. Princ. Population (new ed.) iii. ii. 370 Let us suppose the commerce of the sexes established upon principles of the most perfect freedom.

1859 Ld. Tennyson Merlin & Vivien 769 in Idylls of King What say ye to Sir Lancelot?.. That commerce with the Queen..is it..whisper'd in the corner?

†4. Interchange (esp. of letters, ideas, etc.). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > exchange > [noun]

change?c1225

changingc1350

interchangingc1374

exchangec1384

permutationa1398

commutation1496

achange1530

chopping and changing1548

interchange1548

exchanging1553

promutation1560

intercourse1576

counterchange1579

chopping1581

counter-cambio?1592

interchangementa1616

commerce1631

swapping1695

barter1819

counterchanging1881

switching1904

va-et-vient1919

switch-around1981

1631 Bp. J. Hall Occas. Medit. (ed. 2) (2nd state) §cxxv Here is a true naturall commerce of senses..the lame man lendes his eyes to the blinde, the blinde man lendes his legges to the lame.

1690 G. Ashe Let. in Academy (1882) 25 Mar. 212/2 I have setled a Comerce of Letters with a Celebrated Russian Bishop.

1696 R. Bentley Of Revel. & Messias 8 A reciprocal commerce of action and passion.

1741 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero (1742) III. ix. 55 A constant commerce of Letters between him and Brutus.

†5. Communication, means of free intercourse.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > distance > nearness > [noun] > contiguity > communicating (of things)

incurse1578

intercourse1626

commerce1634

correspondence1698

intercommunication1866

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > fact or action of being connected or connecting > [noun] > uninterrupted connection of parts > intercommunication

intercourse1626

commerce1634

correspondence1698

intercommunication1866

1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 95 This Caspian Sea..has no commerce or entercourse with any Sea.

1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 115 A Communication, by a Subterraneous Channell with another Whirl-pool..by which Commerce the waters..are conveyed through the said underground Channel to the other Gulf.

1675 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 10 469 Taking out the stopple again I opened its commerce with the outward air.

1757 A. Cooper Compl. Distiller i. ii. 16 Free from the too rude Commerce of the external Air.

6. Cards.

a. A game in which exchange or barter is the chief feature. Also attributive.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > other card games > [noun] > others

laugh and lie down1522

mack1548

decoyc1555

pinionc1557

to beat the knave out of doors1570

imperial1577

prima vista1587

loadum1591

flush1598

prime1598

thirty-perforce1599

gresco1605

hole1621

my sow's pigged1621

slam1621

fox-mine-host1622

whipperginnie1622

crimpa1637

hundred1636

pinache1641

sequence1653

lady's hole1658

quebas1668

art of memory1674

costly colours1674

penneech1674

plain dealing1674

wit and reason1680

comet1685

lansquenet1687

incertain1689

macham1689

uptails1694

quinze1714

hoc1730

commerce1732

matrimonya1743

tredrille1764

Tom come tickle me1769

tresette1785

snitch'ems1798

tontine1798

blind hazard1816

all fives1838

short cards1845

blind hookey1852

sixty-six1857

skin the lamb1864

brisque1870

handicap1870

manille1874

forty-five1875

slobberhannes1877

fifteen1884

Black Maria1885

slapjack1887

seven-and-a-half1895

pit1904

Russian Bank1915

red dog1919

fan-tan1923

Pelmanism1923

Slippery Sam1923

go fish1933

Russian Banker1937

racing demon1938

pit-a-pat1947

scopa1965

1732 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1861) I. 346 I played two pools at commerce.

1776 Mrs. Harris in Priv. Lett. 1st. Lord Malmesbury I. 341 The ton here is the game of ‘Commerce’ which the fine people play immoderately high.

1779 Duchess of Devonshire Sylph I. 238 My former winnings are in the sweepstake-pool at the commerce-table.

1780 F. Burney Early Jrnls. & Lett. (2003) IV. 43 Whist Players in one, & a Commerce party in the other.

1818 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 3 532 Playing at Commerce, that most dull round game.

1870 Athenæum 4 June 734 Then, in 1776, the game of ‘Commerce’, which children play now for amusement, was ‘all the rage’.

†b. game of commerce n. [cf. French jeux de commerce in Littré] see quot. 1749; cf. commercial play n. at commercial adj. and n. Compounds.

ΚΠ

1749 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 10 Jan. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1292 A few pistoles at games of mere commerce, and other incidental calls of good company.

Compounds

commerce-crushing adj. commerce-destroyer n. a fast cruiser designed to destroy the merchant vessels of an enemy; so commerce-destroying; similarly commerce-raider, commerce-raiding.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > war vessel > [noun] > destroyer

commerce-destroyer1886

destroyer1893

destroyer-leader1927

destroyer-escort1945

c1819 J. Bentham Wks. II. 383 The continent-blockading and commerce-crushing decrees proclaimed by Buonaparte.

1886 Harper's Mag. June 20/1 She could also be of service as a commerce destroyer.

1890 A. T. Mahan Influence Sea Power 31 That form of warfare which has lately received the name of commerce-destroying.

1892 Daily News 28 July 6/7 The New United States Commerce Destroyer.

1898 Westm. Gaz. 23 May 6/3 Arming several more of their steamers as auxiliary cruisers and commerce destroyers.

1906 L. C. Cornford Defenceless Islands 71 A commerce-raiding squadron.

1906 L. C. Cornford Defenceless Islands 82 The Sumter had been gaily commerce-destroying for more than four months.

1927 Observer 29 May 20/4 The commerce-raider's career.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

commercev.

/kəˈməːs/

Forms: Also 1600s commerse.

Etymology: < commerce n., or < French commercer , in same sense, ( < commerce n.); compare also Latin commerciāri to trade, and medieval Latin commercāre.

†1. intransitive. To carry on trade; to trade, traffic.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > [verb (intransitive)]

cheapc1000

chaffer1340

to make (a) market1340

merchandisec1384

merchantc1400

occupy1525

traffic1537

trade1557

to make a (also one's) mart1562

commerce1587

converse1598

negotiate1601

mart1602

intertraffic1603

nundinate1623

deala1627

market1636

correspond1682

to make (out) one's market1714

1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1415/1 That the..subiects of either side..should safelie, freelie and securelie commerce togither.

1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion v. 83 Which with his shipping once should seeme to haue commerst.

1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 49 in Justice Vindicated And men did in those dayes commerce and exchange one with another.

2. To have intercourse or converse, hold communication, associate with. archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > conversation > converse [verb (intransitive)]

yedc888

speak971

rounda1200

talka1225

tevela1225

intercommunec1374

fable1382

parlec1400

reason?c1425

communique?1473

devise1477

cutc1525

wade1527

enterparle1536

discourse1550

to hold one chat, with chat, in chat1573

parley1576

purpose1590

dialogue1595

commerce1596

dialoguize1596

communicate1598

propose1600

dialogize1601

converse1615

tella1616

interlocute1621

interparle1791

conversate1811

colloquize1823

conversationize1826

colloque1850

visit1862

colloquy1868

to make conversation1921

society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > associate together or with [verb (intransitive)]

mingc1275

company1387

joinc1390

meddlec1390

herd?a1400

fellowshipc1430

enfellowship1470

to step in1474

accompany?1490

yoke?a1513

to keep with ——c1515

conjoin1532

wag1550

frequent1577

encroach1579

consort1588

sort1595

commerce1596

troop1597

converse1598

to keep (also enter, come into, etc.) commons1598

to enter common1604

atone1611

to walk (also travel) in the way with1611

minglea1616

consociate1638

associate1644

corrive1647

co-unite1650

walk1650

cohere1651

engage1657

mix1667

accustom1670

to make one1711

coalite1735

commerciate1740

to have nothing to say to (also with)1780

gang?1791

companion1792

mess1795

matea1832

comrade1865

to go around1904

to throw in with1906

to get down1975

1596 E. Spenser View State Ireland Pref. 3 Those of English bloud were forbidden to marry and commerce with them.

1636 T. Heywood Loves Maistresse i, in Wks. (1874) V. 104 Ile shew thee..What kind of people I commerst withall In my transhape.

1645 J. Milton Il Penseroso in Poems 38 With..looks commercing with the skies, Thy rapt soul sitting in thine eyes.

1756 T. Amory Life John Buncle I. 42 Abraham and his sons conversed and commerced with the nations.

1842 Ld. Tennyson Walking to Mail in Poems (new ed.) II. 48 Commercing with himself, He lost the sense that handles daily life.

1887 J. R. Lowell Democracy & Other Addr. 70 To commerce with fresh forms of nature and new varieties of man.

†3. To communicate physically.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > distance > nearness > be near [verb (intransitive)] > be in contact > open into each other

intercommunicate1586

commerce1639

correspond1707

communicate1731

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > fact or action of being connected or connecting > be or become connected [verb (intransitive)] > form continuity of substance > intercommunicate

intercommunicate1586

communicate1597

commerce1639

correspond1707

1639 G. Chapman & J. Shirley Trag. Chabot iii. sig. E^v Since the way is obstructed,..by which these spirits should commearce, by vapours ascending from the stomake to the head.

1680 R. Morden Geogr. Rectified (1685) 326 The Convenience of four Seas..by which it Commerces with the principal Regions of the World.

†4. transitive. To traffic or deal in. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > [verb (transitive)]

monga1250

corsec1440

coss14..

merchant1511

chafferc1535

merchandise1538

mart1589

trade1589

broke1598

factor1611

handle1638

commercea1641

chop1645

chaffera1657

job1701

truck1715

to turn in1822

monger1928

a1641 T. Heywood Captives (1953) i. i. 5 Where lust and all vncleanes are Comerst, as ffreely as Comodityes are, vended.

Derivatives

coˈmmercing n. and adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > [noun]

conversationc1340

dolea1400

repairc1425

fellowshipc1450

frequentation?1520

communion1529

society1531

commerce1537

commercement1537

society1538

trade1555

intercourse1557

company1576

intercommunication1586

interdeal1591

entertain1602

consort1607

entregent1607

quarter1608

commercing1610

converse1610

trucka1625

congress1628

socialty1638

frequency1642

socialitya1649

socialness1727

intercommuniona1761

social life1812

dialogue1890

discourse1963

society > trade and finance > [adjective] > trading

merchantc1400

demeanant1467

trading1578

tradeful1595

commercing1610

merchandised1619

mercantile1645

commerciala1687

merchanting1921

the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun]

speechc900

talec1000

speaka1300

reasonc1300

speakinga1325

counsela1350

intercommuningc1374

dalliancec1400

communication1419

communancec1449

collocutiona1464

parlour?c1475

sermocination1514

commona1529

dialogue?1533

interlocutiona1534

discourse1545

discoursing1550

conference1565

purposea1572

talk1572

interspeech1579

conversationa1586

devising1586

intercourse1596

intercommunication1603

eclogue1604

commercing1610

communion1614

negocea1617

alloquy1623

confariation1652

gob1681

gab1761

commune1814

colloquy1817

conversing1884

cross-talk1887

bull session1920

rap1957

society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > [adjective]

conversanta1340

associate1398

consociate1471

sociate1526

adjoinate1543

conjoined1570

consortinga1592

conjunct1597

combined1603

commercing1610

associated1611

bound up in or with1611

comitant1614

unsequestered1654

cohering1665

consociated1671

mingling1812

combinatea1861

associatory1880

the mind > language > speech > conversation > [adjective] > that converses

dialogical?1550

dialogizing1601

commercing1610

dialogistical1623

communicating1646

dialogic1670

dialogistic1677

dialogous1737

interlocutory1866

1610 S. Rid Martin Mark-all 6 By dayly commercing and discoursing.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. vi. 264 Sixe Germanes, foure French-men, and nine Commercing Franks.

1807 J. Barlow Columbiad iv. 139 Commercing squadrons o'er the billows bound.

1839 T. Carlyle Chartism viii. 87 The Saxon kindred burst forth into cotton-spinning,..railwaying, commercing.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

单词	commerce
释义	commercen. Brit. /ˈkɒməːs/, U.S. /ˈkɑmərs/ Forms: Also 1600s comerce, commerse. Etymology: < French commerce, < Latin commercium trade, trafficking, < com- together, with, + merx , merci- merchandise, ware. Used only since the 16th cent.; the earlier term was merchandise . The stress was originally on second syllable, as in Watts 1706 (sense 2c); Gay 1720 (sense 1) shows the present usage. 1. a. Exchange between men of the products of nature or art; buying and selling together; trading; exchange of merchandise, esp. as conducted on a large scale between different countries or districts; including the whole of the transactions, arrangements, etc., therein involved. chamber of commerce: see chamber n. Phrases 2. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > [noun] mongingOE cheapinga1000 cheapOE chaffer?c1225 merchandisea1300 market-making1340 merchandyc1350 corseriec1380 chafferinga1382 need-doinga1382 changea1387 chapmanhoodc1386 cossery?a1400 bargaining1401 merchandisinga1425 merchandrya1450 intercourse1473 business1478 chapmanry1483 the feat of merchandisec1503 market1525 trade1549 marting1553 contractation1555 trading1556 merchantryc1560 marketing1561 mart1562 trafficking1570 contraction1582 tract1582 nundination1586 commerce1587 chafferya1599 negotiation1601 intertraffica1603 traffic1603 commercery1604 intertrading1606 correspondence1607 mercature1611 correspondency1613 coss?1635 negotiating1640 dealing1691 chapmanship1727 merchanting1883 intertrade1915 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1415/1 So hath the same mutuall and naturall concourse and commerce beene without interruption..to the singular great benefit and inriching of their people. 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Comercio, trafficke, intercourse, commerce. 1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ To Rdr. sig. A3^v They are the soul of Trade, they make Commerce, Expan'd it self throughout the Univers. 1720 J. Gay Poems Several Occasions II. 302 There commerce plenty brings from foreign coasts. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Chamber Chambers of Commerce, are Assemblies of Merchants and Dealers, where they treat about Matters relating to Commerce. 1784 T. Gordon (title) Carriages, for the purposes of inland commerce, agriculture, etc. 1875 W. S. Jevons Money (1878) 83 All commerce consists in the exchange of commodities of equal value. 1884 Pall Mall Gaz. 26 Feb. 12/1 The war of commerce which, under the name of ‘competition’, goes on unceasingly. †b. plural. Mercantile dealings. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1593 R. Harvey Philadelphus 3 Hee will be aboue your commercies, and throw you into the marshes. 1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 18 What are the commerces of men, but courteous cousenages? 1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. 185 Moderation in commerces. †c. The company of merchants, the commercial body (of a place). [ < Spanish comercio.] Obsolete. ΚΠ 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. x. 239 The commerce at Manila is provided with three or four stout ships, that, in case of any accident, the trade may not be suspended. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. viii. 376 The Commerce and the Governor disagreed. d. (†) Trade, business (obsolete); a business. rare. ΚΠ 1758 R. Griffiths Descr. Thames 256 Fisheries denote the Commerce of Fish, more especially the Catching them for Sale. 1873 R. Browning Red Cotton Night-cap Country iii. 168 Disposure of the commerce—that took time, And would not suffer by a week's delay. 2. a. Intercourse in the affairs of life; dealings. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > [noun] conversationc1340 dolea1400 repairc1425 fellowshipc1450 frequentation?1520 communion1529 society1531 commerce1537 commercement1537 society1538 trade1555 intercourse1557 company1576 intercommunication1586 interdeal1591 entertain1602 consort1607 entregent1607 quarter1608 commercing1610 converse1610 trucka1625 congress1628 socialty1638 frequency1642 socialitya1649 socialness1727 intercommuniona1761 social life1812 dialogue1890 discourse1963 1537 Cardinal R. Pole Let. in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. App. lxxxiv. 219 To have me in his hand he would be content..to disturb al commerce between..man and man. a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iii. iv. 171 He is now in some commerce with my Ladie. View more context for this quotation 1749 Visct. Bolingbroke Lett. Spirit Patriotism 218 The free and easy commerce of social life. 1760 R. James Canine Madness 13 Domestic animals which have the greatest Commerce with mankind. 1795 W. Paley View Evidences Christianity (ed. 3) II. ii. iv. 121 In our Lord's commerce with his disciples. 1858 T. J. Hogg Life Shelley II. 329 He sought literary and scientific conversation, and the commerce of wits. †b. (with a and plural) ΚΠ a1641 J. Suckling Lett. 67 Makes me think writing a dull commerce. 1656 tr. T. White Peripateticall Inst. 428 In all the Peregrinations of the Patriarchs, or even the commerces of the Kings with Ægypt. 1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 76. ⁋1 A Man who is..not engaged in Commerces of any Consideration, is but an ill Judge of the secret Motions of the Heart of Man. c. Intercourse or converse with God, with spirits, passions, thoughts, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > spiritual or mental fellowredc1230 fellowshipc1384 commerce1597 communing1608 communion1800 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. xviii. 28 Places of publique resort being thus prouided..our repaire thither is especially for..commerce to be had betweene God and vs. 1638 Bp. J. Wilkins Discov. World in Moone vi. 83 Soules, that..have freed themselves from any commerce with the body. 1706 I. Watts Horæ Lyricæ i. 26 I hold no more Commerce with Hell. 1796 C. Burney Mem. Life Metastasio III. 39 Worthy of a man in commerce with the Muses. a1807 W. Wordsworth Prelude (1959) xiii. 478 We sank Each into commerce with his private thoughts. 1835 I. Taylor Spiritual Despotism iii. 85 To hold any commerce with great and sublime principles. †d. of good (etc.) commerce: agreeable (etc.) in intercourse, ‘pleasant to meet’. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > social intercourse or companionship > [adjective] > affable familiarc1425 affable?c1475 facilea1592 general1596 of good (etc.) commerce1791 blokeish1920 1791 F. Burney Jrnls. & Lett. (1972) I. 52 The Bishop is..otherwise, intelligent & of good commerce. 3. Intercourse of the sexes; esp. in a bad sense. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > [noun] > sexual intercourse ymonec950 moneOE meanc1175 manredc1275 swivinga1300 couplec1320 companyc1330 fellowred1340 the service of Venusc1350 miskissinga1387 fellowshipc1390 meddlinga1398 carnal knowinga1400 flesha1400 knowledgea1400 knowledginga1400 japec1400 commoning?c1425 commixtionc1429 itc1440 communicationc1450 couplingc1475 mellingc1480 carnality1483 copulation1483 mixturea1500 Venus act?1507 Venus exercise?1507 Venus play?1507 Venus work?1507 conversation?c1510 flesh-company1522 act?1532 carnal knowledge1532 occupying?1544 congression1546 soil1555 conjunction1567 fucking1568 rem in re1568 commixture1573 coiture1574 shaking of the sheets?1577 cohabitation1579 bedding1589 congress1589 union1598 embrace1599 making-outa1601 rutting1600 noddy1602 poop-noddy1606 conversinga1610 carnal confederacy1610 wapping1610 businessa1612 coition1615 doinga1616 amation1623 commerce1624 hot cocklesa1627 other thing1628 buck1632 act of love1638 commistion1658 subagitation1658 cuntc1664 coit1671 intimacy1676 the last favour1676 quiffing1686 old hat1697 correspondence1698 frigging1708 Moll Peatley1711 coitus1713 sexual intercourse1753 shagging1772 connection1791 intercourse1803 interunion1822 greens1846 tail1846 copula1864 poking1864 fuckeea1866 sex relation1871 wantonizing1884 belly-flopping1893 twatting1893 jelly roll1895 mattress-jig1896 sex1900 screwing1904 jazz1918 zig-zig1918 other1922 booty1926 pigmeat1926 jazzing1927 poontang1927 relations1927 whoopee1928 nookie1930 hump1931 jig-a-jig1932 homework1933 quickie1933 nasty1934 jig-jig1935 crumpet1936 pussy1937 Sir Berkeley1937 pom-pom1945 poon1947 charvering1954 mollocking1959 leg1967 rumpy-pumpy1968 shafting1971 home plate1972 pata-pata1977 bonking1985 legover1985 knobbing1986 rumpo1986 fanny1993 1624 T. Heywood Γυναικεῖον iv. 181 With all these noble matrons he is said to have commerse. 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 266. ⁋1 The unlawful Commerce of the Sexes. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones V. xv. ix. 268 Sophia's..Virtue..made his Commerce with Lady Bellaston appear still more odious. 1803 T. R. Malthus Ess. Princ. Population (new ed.) iii. ii. 370 Let us suppose the commerce of the sexes established upon principles of the most perfect freedom. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Merlin & Vivien 769 in Idylls of King What say ye to Sir Lancelot?.. That commerce with the Queen..is it..whisper'd in the corner? †4. Interchange (esp. of letters, ideas, etc.). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > exchange > [noun] change?c1225 changingc1350 interchangingc1374 exchangec1384 permutationa1398 commutation1496 achange1530 chopping and changing1548 interchange1548 exchanging1553 promutation1560 intercourse1576 counterchange1579 chopping1581 counter-cambio?1592 interchangementa1616 commerce1631 swapping1695 barter1819 counterchanging1881 switching1904 va-et-vient1919 switch-around1981 1631 Bp. J. Hall Occas. Medit. (ed. 2) (2nd state) §cxxv Here is a true naturall commerce of senses..the lame man lendes his eyes to the blinde, the blinde man lendes his legges to the lame. 1690 G. Ashe Let. in Academy (1882) 25 Mar. 212/2 I have setled a Comerce of Letters with a Celebrated Russian Bishop. 1696 R. Bentley Of Revel. & Messias 8 A reciprocal commerce of action and passion. 1741 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero (1742) III. ix. 55 A constant commerce of Letters between him and Brutus. †5. Communication, means of free intercourse. ΘΚΠ the world > space > distance > nearness > [noun] > contiguity > communicating (of things) incurse1578 intercourse1626 commerce1634 correspondence1698 intercommunication1866 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > fact or action of being connected or connecting > [noun] > uninterrupted connection of parts > intercommunication intercourse1626 commerce1634 correspondence1698 intercommunication1866 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 95 This Caspian Sea..has no commerce or entercourse with any Sea. 1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 115 A Communication, by a Subterraneous Channell with another Whirl-pool..by which Commerce the waters..are conveyed through the said underground Channel to the other Gulf. 1675 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 10 469 Taking out the stopple again I opened its commerce with the outward air. 1757 A. Cooper Compl. Distiller i. ii. 16 Free from the too rude Commerce of the external Air. 6. Cards. a. A game in which exchange or barter is the chief feature. Also attributive. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > other card games > [noun] > others laugh and lie down1522 mack1548 decoyc1555 pinionc1557 to beat the knave out of doors1570 imperial1577 prima vista1587 loadum1591 flush1598 prime1598 thirty-perforce1599 gresco1605 hole1621 my sow's pigged1621 slam1621 fox-mine-host1622 whipperginnie1622 crimpa1637 hundred1636 pinache1641 sequence1653 lady's hole1658 quebas1668 art of memory1674 costly colours1674 penneech1674 plain dealing1674 wit and reason1680 comet1685 lansquenet1687 incertain1689 macham1689 uptails1694 quinze1714 hoc1730 commerce1732 matrimonya1743 tredrille1764 Tom come tickle me1769 tresette1785 snitch'ems1798 tontine1798 blind hazard1816 all fives1838 short cards1845 blind hookey1852 sixty-six1857 skin the lamb1864 brisque1870 handicap1870 manille1874 forty-five1875 slobberhannes1877 fifteen1884 Black Maria1885 slapjack1887 seven-and-a-half1895 pit1904 Russian Bank1915 red dog1919 fan-tan1923 Pelmanism1923 Slippery Sam1923 go fish1933 Russian Banker1937 racing demon1938 pit-a-pat1947 scopa1965 1732 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1861) I. 346 I played two pools at commerce. 1776 Mrs. Harris in Priv. Lett. 1st. Lord Malmesbury I. 341 The ton here is the game of ‘Commerce’ which the fine people play immoderately high. 1779 Duchess of Devonshire Sylph I. 238 My former winnings are in the sweepstake-pool at the commerce-table. 1780 F. Burney Early Jrnls. & Lett. (2003) IV. 43 Whist Players in one, & a Commerce party in the other. 1818 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 3 532 Playing at Commerce, that most dull round game. 1870 Athenæum 4 June 734 Then, in 1776, the game of ‘Commerce’, which children play now for amusement, was ‘all the rage’. †b. game of commerce n. [cf. French jeux de commerce in Littré] see quot. 1749; cf. commercial play n. at commercial adj. and n. Compounds. ΚΠ 1749 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 10 Jan. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1292 A few pistoles at games of mere commerce, and other incidental calls of good company. Compounds commerce-crushing adj. commerce-destroyer n. a fast cruiser designed to destroy the merchant vessels of an enemy; so commerce-destroying; similarly commerce-raider, commerce-raiding. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > war vessel > [noun] > destroyer commerce-destroyer1886 destroyer1893 destroyer-leader1927 destroyer-escort1945 c1819 J. Bentham Wks. II. 383 The continent-blockading and commerce-crushing decrees proclaimed by Buonaparte. 1886 Harper's Mag. June 20/1 She could also be of service as a commerce destroyer. 1890 A. T. Mahan Influence Sea Power 31 That form of warfare which has lately received the name of commerce-destroying. 1892 Daily News 28 July 6/7 The New United States Commerce Destroyer. 1898 Westm. Gaz. 23 May 6/3 Arming several more of their steamers as auxiliary cruisers and commerce destroyers. 1906 L. C. Cornford Defenceless Islands 71 A commerce-raiding squadron. 1906 L. C. Cornford Defenceless Islands 82 The Sumter had been gaily commerce-destroying for more than four months. 1927 Observer 29 May 20/4 The commerce-raider's career. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online September 2021). commercev. /kəˈməːs/ Forms: Also 1600s commerse. Etymology: < commerce n., or < French commercer , in same sense, ( < commerce n.); compare also Latin commerciāri to trade, and medieval Latin commercāre. †1. intransitive. To carry on trade; to trade, traffic. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > [verb (intransitive)] cheapc1000 chaffer1340 to make (a) market1340 merchandisec1384 merchantc1400 occupy1525 traffic1537 trade1557 to make a (also one's) mart1562 commerce1587 converse1598 negotiate1601 mart1602 intertraffic1603 nundinate1623 deala1627 market1636 correspond1682 to make (out) one's market1714 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1415/1 That the..subiects of either side..should safelie, freelie and securelie commerce togither. 1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion v. 83 Which with his shipping once should seeme to haue commerst. 1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 49 in Justice Vindicated And men did in those dayes commerce and exchange one with another. 2. To have intercourse or converse, hold communication, associate with. archaic. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > conversation > converse [verb (intransitive)] yedc888 speak971 rounda1200 talka1225 tevela1225 intercommunec1374 fable1382 parlec1400 reason?c1425 communique?1473 devise1477 cutc1525 wade1527 enterparle1536 discourse1550 to hold one chat, with chat, in chat1573 parley1576 purpose1590 dialogue1595 commerce1596 dialoguize1596 communicate1598 propose1600 dialogize1601 converse1615 tella1616 interlocute1621 interparle1791 conversate1811 colloquize1823 conversationize1826 colloque1850 visit1862 colloquy1868 to make conversation1921 society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > associate together or with [verb (intransitive)] mingc1275 company1387 joinc1390 meddlec1390 herd?a1400 fellowshipc1430 enfellowship1470 to step in1474 accompany?1490 yoke?a1513 to keep with ——c1515 conjoin1532 wag1550 frequent1577 encroach1579 consort1588 sort1595 commerce1596 troop1597 converse1598 to keep (also enter, come into, etc.) commons1598 to enter common1604 atone1611 to walk (also travel) in the way with1611 minglea1616 consociate1638 associate1644 corrive1647 co-unite1650 walk1650 cohere1651 engage1657 mix1667 accustom1670 to make one1711 coalite1735 commerciate1740 to have nothing to say to (also with)1780 gang?1791 companion1792 mess1795 matea1832 comrade1865 to go around1904 to throw in with1906 to get down1975 1596 E. Spenser View State Ireland Pref. 3 Those of English bloud were forbidden to marry and commerce with them. 1636 T. Heywood Loves Maistresse i, in Wks. (1874) V. 104 Ile shew thee..What kind of people I commerst withall In my transhape. 1645 J. Milton Il Penseroso in Poems 38 With..looks commercing with the skies, Thy rapt soul sitting in thine eyes. 1756 T. Amory Life John Buncle I. 42 Abraham and his sons conversed and commerced with the nations. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Walking to Mail in Poems (new ed.) II. 48 Commercing with himself, He lost the sense that handles daily life. 1887 J. R. Lowell Democracy & Other Addr. 70 To commerce with fresh forms of nature and new varieties of man. †3. To communicate physically. ΘΚΠ the world > space > distance > nearness > be near [verb (intransitive)] > be in contact > open into each other intercommunicate1586 commerce1639 correspond1707 communicate1731 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > fact or action of being connected or connecting > be or become connected [verb (intransitive)] > form continuity of substance > intercommunicate intercommunicate1586 communicate1597 commerce1639 correspond1707 1639 G. Chapman & J. Shirley Trag. Chabot iii. sig. E^v Since the way is obstructed,..by which these spirits should commearce, by vapours ascending from the stomake to the head. 1680 R. Morden Geogr. Rectified (1685) 326 The Convenience of four Seas..by which it Commerces with the principal Regions of the World. †4. transitive. To traffic or deal in. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > [verb (transitive)] monga1250 corsec1440 coss14.. merchant1511 chafferc1535 merchandise1538 mart1589 trade1589 broke1598 factor1611 handle1638 commercea1641 chop1645 chaffera1657 job1701 truck1715 to turn in1822 monger1928 a1641 T. Heywood Captives (1953) i. i. 5 Where lust and all vncleanes are Comerst, as ffreely as Comodityes are, vended. Derivatives coˈmmercing n. and adj. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > [noun] conversationc1340 dolea1400 repairc1425 fellowshipc1450 frequentation?1520 communion1529 society1531 commerce1537 commercement1537 society1538 trade1555 intercourse1557 company1576 intercommunication1586 interdeal1591 entertain1602 consort1607 entregent1607 quarter1608 commercing1610 converse1610 trucka1625 congress1628 socialty1638 frequency1642 socialitya1649 socialness1727 intercommuniona1761 social life1812 dialogue1890 discourse1963 society > trade and finance > [adjective] > trading merchantc1400 demeanant1467 trading1578 tradeful1595 commercing1610 merchandised1619 mercantile1645 commerciala1687 merchanting1921 the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] speechc900 talec1000 speaka1300 reasonc1300 speakinga1325 counsela1350 intercommuningc1374 dalliancec1400 communication1419 communancec1449 collocutiona1464 parlour?c1475 sermocination1514 commona1529 dialogue?1533 interlocutiona1534 discourse1545 discoursing1550 conference1565 purposea1572 talk1572 interspeech1579 conversationa1586 devising1586 intercourse1596 intercommunication1603 eclogue1604 commercing1610 communion1614 negocea1617 alloquy1623 confariation1652 gob1681 gab1761 commune1814 colloquy1817 conversing1884 cross-talk1887 bull session1920 rap1957 society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > [adjective] conversanta1340 associate1398 consociate1471 sociate1526 adjoinate1543 conjoined1570 consortinga1592 conjunct1597 combined1603 commercing1610 associated1611 bound up in or with1611 comitant1614 unsequestered1654 cohering1665 consociated1671 mingling1812 combinatea1861 associatory1880 the mind > language > speech > conversation > [adjective] > that converses dialogical?1550 dialogizing1601 commercing1610 dialogistical1623 communicating1646 dialogic1670 dialogistic1677 dialogous1737 interlocutory1866 1610 S. Rid Martin Mark-all 6 By dayly commercing and discoursing. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. vi. 264 Sixe Germanes, foure French-men, and nine Commercing Franks. 1807 J. Barlow Columbiad iv. 139 Commercing squadrons o'er the billows bound. 1839 T. Carlyle Chartism viii. 87 The Saxon kindred burst forth into cotton-spinning,..railwaying, commercing. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online September 2021). < n.1537v.1587
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