comfreyn.

Brit.

/ˈkʌmfri/,

/ˈkɒmfri/, U.S.

/ˈkəmfri/

Forms: Middle English cumfirie, Middle English confirie, confyrie, confyrye, counfirie, cowmfory, cowmphory, Middle English–1500s comfory, comforie, 1500s camforye, comferie, cumphorie, 1500s–1700s comfery, 1600s camfrey, comfrie, cumfry, cumfrey, 1500s– comfrey, comfry.

Etymology: < Old French confirie, confire, confière, in medieval Latin cumfiria; of obscure etymology. The Latin names of the plant were consolida and conferva ; in medieval Latin also confirma , conserva ; all referring to its healing virtues (‘quia habet vim consolidandi’). The French and English word has been variously viewed as a corruption of confirma , or of conferva , more probably the latter. An Old French synonym, or name of a species, consire , concire , concierge , was probably similarly related to conserva . Compare consound n.

a. The English name of Symphytum officinale (family Boraginaceæ), a tall plant, common on margins of streams and ditches, with rough leaves, and drooping clusters of yellowish-white or reddish-purple bell-shaped flowers; formerly esteemed as a vulnerary.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > comfrey

gallocc1000

comfreyc1265

consolida1480

wallwort1561

consound1578

ass-ear1585

blackwort1597

knit-back1597

back-wort1598

knit-wort1611

boneset1653

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > plant used in medicine > specific plant > comfrey

comfreyc1265

consolida1480

consound1578

knit-back1597

knit-wort1611

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations to heal or generate tissue > [noun] > for healing wounds or fractures > for healing wounds > plant-derived or plant

comfreyc1265

wound-rocket1548

woundwort1548

wound-herb1597

dittany1624

wound-shrub1659

wound-weed1857

c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 162 Ðeos wyrt þe man confirman & oðrum naman galluc nemneð.

c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 376 Ad fluxum sanguinis.—Accipe de confirma, hoc est consolida.]

c1265 Plant Voc. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. 555 Cumfiria, cumfirie, galloc.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 97 Cow(m)fory, herbe, consolida major, et minor dicitur daysy.

a1450 Alphita (Anecd. Oxon.) 189 Venti major..consolida maior..gall. et angl. counfirie.

c1450 Alphita (Anecd. Oxon.) 9 Anagallicum..Gall. (et angl.) confirie uel cornsilie [v.r. anglice counsilie].

c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 574/40 Confiria, anglice confyrye, confyrie.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 202/2 Camforye herbe, la grande consolde.

1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health ii. f. 52^v The water of the greater Comferie..druncke, helpeth such as are bursten, and that haue broken the bone of the legge.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. ciii. 145 The rootes of Comfery..healeth all inwarde woundes, and burstings.

1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ iii. xxii. 396 Comfrey..it is a Wound-herb.

1888 Daily News 21 June 2/1 The comfreys are opening by the margin of the stream.

b. Also applied to other species, as tuberous comfrey n. S. tuberosum, a similar but smaller plant, with tuberous root. prickly comfrey n. S. asperrimum, a native of the Caucasus, cultivated for its handsome blue flowers, and also as a forage-plant.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fodder plants > [noun] > other fodder plants

mutter1875

munyeroo1878

guar1882

prickly comfrey1888

kudzu1893

Townsville lucerne1925

1888 Times 3 Jan. 10/1 Cultivating prickly comfrey, found to be a most profitable crop, well suited for fodder.

c. wild comfrey n. (of North America) Cynoglossum virginicum (Miller Plant-n.).

†2. Applied to other plants, chiefly as a rendering of Latin Consolida or Symphytum: middle comfrey n. the Bugle, Ajuga reptans. Saracen's comfrey n. the Broadleaved Groundsel, Senecio saracenicus. spotted comfrey n., wild comfrey the Lungwort, Pulmonaria officinalis (see also 1c). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Boraginaceae (bugloss and allies) > [noun]

ribeOE

hound's-tonguec1000

ox-tonguea1325

rotheren tongue?a1350

buglossa1400

dog's tongue?a1425

lungwort1538

anchusa1548

sheep's tongue1552

cowslip of Jerusalem1578

Our Lady's milkwort1578

pulmonaria1578

sage of Jerusalem1578

wild comfrey1578

maiden-lips1589

bugloss cowslip1597

viper's bugloss1597

viper's herb1597

ribbie1607

lithospermon1646

wall bugloss1650

lady's glove1668

Venus's navelwort1678

spotted comfrey1688

cynogloss1705

Jerusalem sage1736

lawn1778

Mertensia1836

stickseed1843

Virginian cowslip1856

bluebell1858

gooseberry fool1858

Jerusalem cowslip1866

borage-wort1882

echium1883

rose noble1886

milksile-

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > Saracen's comfrey

Saracen's comfrey1578

Saracen's consound1597

Saracen's woundwort1597

Saracenican groundsel1786

Saracen's all-heal1786

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > labiate plant or plants > [noun] > bugle plant or bloom

thunder-cloverc1000

buglea1300

wood-browna1300

prunella1527

ground-pine1551

consound1578

field cypress1578

forget-me-not1578

middle comfrey1578

prunel1578

ajuga1640

ground-ivy1640

bugle-bloom1818

bugleweed1841

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. lxxxv. 125 Of some it is called in Latine Symphitum Syluestre, whiche may be Englisshed wilde Comfrey..we call it in English Sage of Jerusalem, & Cowslip of Jerusalem.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. xc. 133 It is called Consolida media: in English Middell Consounde, or Middle Comfery, and Bugle.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. xcix. 141 This herbe is now called in Latine..Consolida Sarracenica..in English Sarrasines Consounde or Sarrasines Comfery.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 72/2 The spotted Comfery is the Cowslip of Jerusalem.

3. attributive.

ΚΠ

1587 L. Mascall First Bk. Cattell i. 80 Giue him to drinke, of Cumphorie herbe, stamped with milke or ale, for that will helpe to knit the bones.

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 661 It is called..in English Comfrey, Comfrey Consound, of some Knit backe.

1747 J. Wesley Primitive Physick 115 Boil Comfry Roots to a thick Mucilage.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	comfrey
释义	comfreyn. Brit. /ˈkʌmfri/, /ˈkɒmfri/, U.S. /ˈkəmfri/ Forms: Middle English cumfirie, Middle English confirie, confyrie, confyrye, counfirie, cowmfory, cowmphory, Middle English–1500s comfory, comforie, 1500s camforye, comferie, cumphorie, 1500s–1700s comfery, 1600s camfrey, comfrie, cumfry, cumfrey, 1500s– comfrey, comfry. Etymology: < Old French confirie, confire, confière, in medieval Latin cumfiria; of obscure etymology. The Latin names of the plant were consolida and conferva ; in medieval Latin also confirma , conserva ; all referring to its healing virtues (‘quia habet vim consolidandi’). The French and English word has been variously viewed as a corruption of confirma , or of conferva , more probably the latter. An Old French synonym, or name of a species, consire , concire , concierge , was probably similarly related to conserva . Compare consound n. 1. a. The English name of Symphytum officinale (family Boraginaceæ), a tall plant, common on margins of streams and ditches, with rough leaves, and drooping clusters of yellowish-white or reddish-purple bell-shaped flowers; formerly esteemed as a vulnerary. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > comfrey gallocc1000 comfreyc1265 consolida1480 wallwort1561 consound1578 ass-ear1585 blackwort1597 knit-back1597 back-wort1598 knit-wort1611 boneset1653 the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > plant used in medicine > specific plant > comfrey comfreyc1265 consolida1480 consound1578 knit-back1597 knit-wort1611 the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations to heal or generate tissue > [noun] > for healing wounds or fractures > for healing wounds > plant-derived or plant comfreyc1265 wound-rocket1548 woundwort1548 wound-herb1597 dittany1624 wound-shrub1659 wound-weed1857 c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 162 Ðeos wyrt þe man confirman & oðrum naman galluc nemneð. c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 376 Ad fluxum sanguinis.—Accipe de confirma, hoc est consolida.] c1265 Plant Voc. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. 555 Cumfiria, cumfirie, galloc. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 97 Cow(m)fory, herbe, consolida major, et minor dicitur daysy. a1450 Alphita (Anecd. Oxon.) 189 Venti major..consolida maior..gall. et angl. counfirie. c1450 Alphita (Anecd. Oxon.) 9 Anagallicum..Gall. (et angl.) confirie uel cornsilie [v.r. anglice counsilie]. c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 574/40 Confiria, anglice confyrye, confyrie. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 202/2 Camforye herbe, la grande consolde. 1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health ii. f. 52^v The water of the greater Comferie..druncke, helpeth such as are bursten, and that haue broken the bone of the legge. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. ciii. 145 The rootes of Comfery..healeth all inwarde woundes, and burstings. 1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ iii. xxii. 396 Comfrey..it is a Wound-herb. 1888 Daily News 21 June 2/1 The comfreys are opening by the margin of the stream. b. Also applied to other species, as tuberous comfrey n. S. tuberosum, a similar but smaller plant, with tuberous root. prickly comfrey n. S. asperrimum, a native of the Caucasus, cultivated for its handsome blue flowers, and also as a forage-plant. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fodder plants > [noun] > other fodder plants mutter1875 munyeroo1878 guar1882 prickly comfrey1888 kudzu1893 Townsville lucerne1925 1888 Times 3 Jan. 10/1 Cultivating prickly comfrey, found to be a most profitable crop, well suited for fodder. c. wild comfrey n. (of North America) Cynoglossum virginicum (Miller Plant-n.). †2. Applied to other plants, chiefly as a rendering of Latin Consolida or Symphytum: middle comfrey n. the Bugle, Ajuga reptans. Saracen's comfrey n. the Broadleaved Groundsel, Senecio saracenicus. spotted comfrey n., wild comfrey the Lungwort, Pulmonaria officinalis (see also 1c). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Boraginaceae (bugloss and allies) > [noun] ribeOE hound's-tonguec1000 ox-tonguea1325 rotheren tongue?a1350 buglossa1400 dog's tongue?a1425 lungwort1538 anchusa1548 sheep's tongue1552 cowslip of Jerusalem1578 Our Lady's milkwort1578 pulmonaria1578 sage of Jerusalem1578 wild comfrey1578 maiden-lips1589 bugloss cowslip1597 viper's bugloss1597 viper's herb1597 ribbie1607 lithospermon1646 wall bugloss1650 lady's glove1668 Venus's navelwort1678 spotted comfrey1688 cynogloss1705 Jerusalem sage1736 lawn1778 Mertensia1836 stickseed1843 Virginian cowslip1856 bluebell1858 gooseberry fool1858 Jerusalem cowslip1866 borage-wort1882 echium1883 rose noble1886 milksile- the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > Saracen's comfrey Saracen's comfrey1578 Saracen's consound1597 Saracen's woundwort1597 Saracenican groundsel1786 Saracen's all-heal1786 the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > labiate plant or plants > [noun] > bugle plant or bloom thunder-cloverc1000 buglea1300 wood-browna1300 prunella1527 ground-pine1551 consound1578 field cypress1578 forget-me-not1578 middle comfrey1578 prunel1578 ajuga1640 ground-ivy1640 bugle-bloom1818 bugleweed1841 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. lxxxv. 125 Of some it is called in Latine Symphitum Syluestre, whiche may be Englisshed wilde Comfrey..we call it in English Sage of Jerusalem, & Cowslip of Jerusalem. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. xc. 133 It is called Consolida media: in English Middell Consounde, or Middle Comfery, and Bugle. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. xcix. 141 This herbe is now called in Latine..Consolida Sarracenica..in English Sarrasines Consounde or Sarrasines Comfery. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 72/2 The spotted Comfery is the Cowslip of Jerusalem. 3. attributive. ΚΠ 1587 L. Mascall First Bk. Cattell i. 80 Giue him to drinke, of Cumphorie herbe, stamped with milke or ale, for that will helpe to knit the bones. 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 661 It is called..in English Comfrey, Comfrey Consound, of some Knit backe. 1747 J. Wesley Primitive Physick 115 Boil Comfry Roots to a thick Mucilage. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1265
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