columnaradj.

Brit.

/kəˈlʌmnə/,

/ˈkɒləmnə/, U.S.

/kəˈləmnər/

Etymology: < late Latin columnāris, < columna column n.: see -ar suffix¹. Compare French colomnaire.

a. Of the nature or form of a column (or columns), resembling a column, column-like.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > cylinder > [adjective] > having form of upright cylinder

pillared1698

columnara1728

columnal?1764

columniform1816

columelliform1839

columned1871

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > column > [adjective] > of the nature of a column

columnary1584

columnara1728

columnal?1764

a1728 [see sense 1c].

1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772 161 The rocks dip almost perpendicularly, and form long columnar stacks.

1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) II. x. 515 Two ranges of arches, resting seemingly on tall columnar piers.

1877 W. C. Bryant Little People 165 Here the palm upreared Its white columnar trunk.

b. figurative.

ΚΠ

1832 T. De Quincey Cæsars in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Oct. 559/1 A perfect model of Roman grandeur, massy, columnar, imperturbable.

1860 R. W. Emerson Behaviour in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 163 In the shallow company..here is the columnar Bernard.

c. Said of rocks (such as basalt) and crystals which have a column-like structure; prismatic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > mineral structure or appearance > [adjective] > other structures or forms

columnara1728

concentric1728

scopiform1794

a1728 J. Woodward Attempt Nat. Hist. Fossils Eng. (1729) i. 157 White columnar Spar. Out of a Stone-Pit near Sherborn, Gloucestershire.

1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 435 The beryl which is a..crystal of the columnar form.

1874 W. B. Dawkins Cave Hunting ii. 24 Fingal's Cave..and that of Staffa..hollowed out of columnar basalt.

d. Biology. Said of tissue in which the cells are columnar, prismatic or cylindrical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > physical arrangement or condition > [adjective] > arranged in column or line

funicular1816

columnar1845

1845 R. B. Todd & W. Bowman Physiol. Anat. II. 3 The epithelium..being of the columnar variety, and clothed with cilia.

1855 J. H. Balfour & J. Williams Man. Bot. (ed. 3) 4 Columnar cellular tissue, divided into Cylindrenchyma, cylindrical cells, and Prismenchyma, prismatical cells.

1881 St. G. Mivart Cat 26 The component cells of the epithelium may be elongated at right angles to the basement membrane, thus forming what is called columnar epithelium.

e. Written or printed in columns (see column n. 4) or in vertical lines.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written text > layout > [adjective] > in columns

columned1821

columnar1833

massed1906

society > communication > printing > printed matter > arrangement or appearance of printed matter > [adjective] > column

columned1821

columnar1833

tricolumnar1865

1833 H. Ellis Elgin Marbles II. ix. 138 Written in the manner called Kionedon, or columnar.

1881 B. F. Westcott & F. J. A. Hort New Test. in Orig. Greek II. Introd. iv. 307 The columnar tables of attestation.

1883 J. Millington Are we to read Backwards? 50 An illustration of the Mongolian columnar style of printing.

f. Mathematics.

ΚΠ

1879 W. Thomson & P. G. Tait Treat. Nat. Philos. (new ed.) I: Pt. i. 165 Again, let the co-ordinates be of the kind which has been called ‘columnar’; that is to say, distance from an axis, angle from a plane of reference through this axis to a plane through the axis and the specified point, and distance from a plane of reference perpendicular to the axis.

2. Characterized by, or raised on, columns.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > column > [adjective] > characterized by columns

columnary1584

columnar1849

1849 E. A. Freeman Hist. Archit. 43 The columnar architecture of mythic Greece.

1863 Sat. Rev. 305 There is such a thing as a columnar viaduct as well as a solid embankment.

Draft additions December 2013

Physical Chemistry. Designating a mesophase consisting of columns of discoidal molecules; = discotic adj.

ΚΠ

1980 Physics Lett. A. 78 82/1 Two different kinds of mesomorphic state have been described: a columnar mesophase..and a lamellar nematic phase.

1982 New Scientist 23 Dec. 799/2 Scientists..in the past four or five years have identified a third class [of liquid crystal], known as the ‘columnar’ or ‘discotic’ liquid crystal.

1990 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 330 114 We relate this behaviour to a transition to a columnar mesophase, which we have been able to characterize..by X-ray diffraction.

2012 Y. Zhang & J. Etxebarria in Q. Li Liquid Crystals beyond Displays iv. 145 Despite usually being found in the smectic or columnar phases, polar order can also appear in the nematic phase.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	columnar
释义	columnaradj. Brit. /kəˈlʌmnə/, /ˈkɒləmnə/, U.S. /kəˈləmnər/ Etymology: < late Latin columnāris, < columna column n.: see -ar suffix¹. Compare French colomnaire. 1. a. Of the nature or form of a column (or columns), resembling a column, column-like. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > cylinder > [adjective] > having form of upright cylinder pillared1698 columnara1728 columnal?1764 columniform1816 columelliform1839 columned1871 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > column > [adjective] > of the nature of a column columnary1584 columnara1728 columnal?1764 a1728 [see sense 1c]. 1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772 161 The rocks dip almost perpendicularly, and form long columnar stacks. 1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) II. x. 515 Two ranges of arches, resting seemingly on tall columnar piers. 1877 W. C. Bryant Little People 165 Here the palm upreared Its white columnar trunk. b. figurative. ΚΠ 1832 T. De Quincey Cæsars in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Oct. 559/1 A perfect model of Roman grandeur, massy, columnar, imperturbable. 1860 R. W. Emerson Behaviour in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 163 In the shallow company..here is the columnar Bernard. c. Said of rocks (such as basalt) and crystals which have a column-like structure; prismatic. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > mineral structure or appearance > [adjective] > other structures or forms columnara1728 concentric1728 scopiform1794 a1728 J. Woodward Attempt Nat. Hist. Fossils Eng. (1729) i. 157 White columnar Spar. Out of a Stone-Pit near Sherborn, Gloucestershire. 1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 435 The beryl which is a..crystal of the columnar form. 1874 W. B. Dawkins Cave Hunting ii. 24 Fingal's Cave..and that of Staffa..hollowed out of columnar basalt. d. Biology. Said of tissue in which the cells are columnar, prismatic or cylindrical. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > physical arrangement or condition > [adjective] > arranged in column or line funicular1816 columnar1845 1845 R. B. Todd & W. Bowman Physiol. Anat. II. 3 The epithelium..being of the columnar variety, and clothed with cilia. 1855 J. H. Balfour & J. Williams Man. Bot. (ed. 3) 4 Columnar cellular tissue, divided into Cylindrenchyma, cylindrical cells, and Prismenchyma, prismatical cells. 1881 St. G. Mivart Cat 26 The component cells of the epithelium may be elongated at right angles to the basement membrane, thus forming what is called columnar epithelium. e. Written or printed in columns (see column n. 4) or in vertical lines. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written text > layout > [adjective] > in columns columned1821 columnar1833 massed1906 society > communication > printing > printed matter > arrangement or appearance of printed matter > [adjective] > column columned1821 columnar1833 tricolumnar1865 1833 H. Ellis Elgin Marbles II. ix. 138 Written in the manner called Kionedon, or columnar. 1881 B. F. Westcott & F. J. A. Hort New Test. in Orig. Greek II. Introd. iv. 307 The columnar tables of attestation. 1883 J. Millington Are we to read Backwards? 50 An illustration of the Mongolian columnar style of printing. f. Mathematics. ΚΠ 1879 W. Thomson & P. G. Tait Treat. Nat. Philos. (new ed.) I: Pt. i. 165 Again, let the co-ordinates be of the kind which has been called ‘columnar’; that is to say, distance from an axis, angle from a plane of reference through this axis to a plane through the axis and the specified point, and distance from a plane of reference perpendicular to the axis. 2. Characterized by, or raised on, columns. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > column > [adjective] > characterized by columns columnary1584 columnar1849 1849 E. A. Freeman Hist. Archit. 43 The columnar architecture of mythic Greece. 1863 Sat. Rev. 305 There is such a thing as a columnar viaduct as well as a solid embankment. Draft additions December 2013 Physical Chemistry. Designating a mesophase consisting of columns of discoidal molecules; = discotic adj. ΚΠ 1980 Physics Lett. A. 78 82/1 Two different kinds of mesomorphic state have been described: a columnar mesophase..and a lamellar nematic phase. 1982 New Scientist 23 Dec. 799/2 Scientists..in the past four or five years have identified a third class [of liquid crystal], known as the ‘columnar’ or ‘discotic’ liquid crystal. 1990 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 330 114 We relate this behaviour to a transition to a columnar mesophase, which we have been able to characterize..by X-ray diffraction. 2012 Y. Zhang & J. Etxebarria in Q. Li Liquid Crystals beyond Displays iv. 145 Despite usually being found in the smectic or columnar phases, polar order can also appear in the nematic phase. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.a1728
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