-olsuffix

Primary stress is retained by the usual stressed syllable of the preceding element.

Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German -ol.

Etymology: < German -ol (see below) < classical Latin ol- (in oleum oil: see oleum n.), but later associated with -ol in alcohol n.First used in German in the names of Benzol benzol n. (J. von Liebig 1834, in Ann. der Pharm. 9 43, who changed Benzin to Benzol because it seemed a chemically more appropriate name) and some other hydrocarbons, and of the coal-tar oils Kyanol kyanol n. (aniline), Leukol leucol n. (quinoline), and Pyrrol pyrrole n. (all used by F. F. Runge 1834, in Ann. der Physik u. Chem. 31 65ff., and named after the colours formed in their characteristic reactions). Other early uses of the ending are in German Methol methol n. (S. Weidmann and E. Schweizer 1838), and German Carvacrol carvacrol n. (E. Schweizer 1841), both named after the source. In French C. Gerhardt and A. Cahours used the ending in a more systematic way, naming the essential oil of cumin cuminol ( Compte rendu hebd. de l'Acad. des Sci. 12 392); and Gerhardt's use of -ol to denote ‘oxygenated essential oils’ (‘huiles essentielles oxygénées’), such as anisol and bornéol , and in particular phenol phenol n. ( Revue sci. et industrielle (1842) 10 179, 210; Ann. de chim. et de physique (1843) 7 221), established a pattern for the nomenclature of alcohols and phenols in general (e.g. glycol : A. Wurtz 1856, in Compte rendu hebd. de l'Acad. des Sci. 43 199): see sense 2. In 1930 a steroid containing two of the hydroxyl groups that characterize alcohols was named pregnandiol (where -diol < di- comb. form + -ol suffix); the hormone oestriol (with -triol < tri- comb. form + -ol suffix) was named in 1933; these gave rise to names of hormones and other steroids in -ol (see sense 3). In early use in English, spelling fluctuated between -ol and -ole . Later -ole suffix² was recognized as a separate suffix with its own denotation.

Chemistry.

Categories »

a. Forming the names of oils and oil-derived compounds (in systematic use in Chemistry now replaced by -ole suffix²), as benzol, furfurol, indol (now usually indole), myrrol, pyrrol (now usually pyrrole).

Categories »

b. Forming the names of hydrocarbons, as cymol, mesitylol, toluol, xylol.

Categories »

c. Forming (current or former) proprietary names for chemical and pharmaceutical substances, esp. oily ones, as amidol, argyrol, Dettol, Lysol, Teepol.

Categories »

a. Forming the names of compounds which are alcohols in the broader sense (alcohol n. 4), as cholesterol, diol, glycerol, methanol, naphthol, and compounds structurally analogous to an alcohol, as thiol.In some cases this systematic nomenclature has not displaced the name which the substance had previously received, e.g. glycerol is more commonly known as glycerin (or, commercially, glycerine).

Categories »

b. Forming the names of the particular alcohols called phenols, as cresol, eugenol, thymol, and of other compounds with phenolic functional groups, as creosol, gossypol.

Categories »

3. Forming the names of hormones and other steroids, as cortisol, mestranol, misoprostol, stilboestrol.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online September 2019).

单词	-ol
释义	-olsuffix Primary stress is retained by the usual stressed syllable of the preceding element. Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German -ol. Etymology: < German -ol (see below) < classical Latin ol- (in oleum oil: see oleum n.), but later associated with -ol in alcohol n.First used in German in the names of Benzol benzol n. (J. von Liebig 1834, in Ann. der Pharm. 9 43, who changed Benzin to Benzol because it seemed a chemically more appropriate name) and some other hydrocarbons, and of the coal-tar oils Kyanol kyanol n. (aniline), Leukol leucol n. (quinoline), and Pyrrol pyrrole n. (all used by F. F. Runge 1834, in Ann. der Physik u. Chem. 31 65ff., and named after the colours formed in their characteristic reactions). Other early uses of the ending are in German Methol methol n. (S. Weidmann and E. Schweizer 1838), and German Carvacrol carvacrol n. (E. Schweizer 1841), both named after the source. In French C. Gerhardt and A. Cahours used the ending in a more systematic way, naming the essential oil of cumin cuminol ( Compte rendu hebd. de l'Acad. des Sci. 12 392); and Gerhardt's use of -ol to denote ‘oxygenated essential oils’ (‘huiles essentielles oxygénées’), such as anisol and bornéol , and in particular phenol phenol n. ( Revue sci. et industrielle (1842) 10 179, 210; Ann. de chim. et de physique (1843) 7 221), established a pattern for the nomenclature of alcohols and phenols in general (e.g. glycol : A. Wurtz 1856, in Compte rendu hebd. de l'Acad. des Sci. 43 199): see sense 2. In 1930 a steroid containing two of the hydroxyl groups that characterize alcohols was named pregnandiol (where -diol < di- comb. form + -ol suffix); the hormone oestriol (with -triol < tri- comb. form + -ol suffix) was named in 1933; these gave rise to names of hormones and other steroids in -ol (see sense 3). In early use in English, spelling fluctuated between -ol and -ole . Later -ole suffix² was recognized as a separate suffix with its own denotation. Chemistry. 1. Categories » a. Forming the names of oils and oil-derived compounds (in systematic use in Chemistry now replaced by -ole suffix²), as benzol, furfurol, indol (now usually indole), myrrol, pyrrol (now usually pyrrole). Categories » b. Forming the names of hydrocarbons, as cymol, mesitylol, toluol, xylol. Categories » c. Forming (current or former) proprietary names for chemical and pharmaceutical substances, esp. oily ones, as amidol, argyrol, Dettol, Lysol, Teepol. 2. Categories » a. Forming the names of compounds which are alcohols in the broader sense (alcohol n. 4), as cholesterol, diol, glycerol, methanol, naphthol, and compounds structurally analogous to an alcohol, as thiol.In some cases this systematic nomenclature has not displaced the name which the substance had previously received, e.g. glycerol is more commonly known as glycerin (or, commercially, glycerine). Categories » b. Forming the names of the particular alcohols called phenols, as cresol, eugenol, thymol, and of other compounds with phenolic functional groups, as creosol, gossypol. Categories » 3. Forming the names of hormones and other steroids, as cortisol, mestranol, misoprostol, stilboestrol. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online September 2019). < suffix
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