单词 | agrarian |
释义 | agrarianadj.n. A. adj. 1. Roman History. Relating to the land or landholding; spec. designating a law (lex agraria) for the division of conquered lands. ΘΚΠ society > law > types of laws > [adjective] > inheritance or property agrarian1593 partible1653 1593 tr. H. Bullinger in R. Bancroft Suruay Holy Discipline xxxv. 452 Those seditious Tribunes of Rome, who by vertue of the Agrarian Lawe, bestowed the publicke goods, that they might priuately inritch themselues. 1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. i. xxvi. 106 Spurius Cassius, suspected of affecting souereigntie, because hee had published the Agrarian law [L. agraria lege]. 1720 J. Ozell et al. tr. R. A. de Vertot Hist. Revol. Rom. Republic II. x. 198 The very Name of Agrarian Laws stirr'd up the Resentment of those, who were possess'd of Estates in Conquer'd Lands. 1838 T. Arnold Hist. Rome I. ix. 161 An agrarian law for the division of a certain proportion of the public land. 1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar xv. 245 Pompey was deeply committed to Caesar's agrarian law, for it had been passed primarily to provide for his own disbanded soldiers. 1996 Oxf. Classical Dict. (ed. 3) at Agrarian laws and policy Agrarian legislation played a large part in the history of the republic and the struggles between the aristocracy and the plebs. 2010 A. W. Lintott Romans in Age of Augustus iii. 64 A further agrarian bill provided for the redistribution of public land in Campania. 2. gen. Of, relating to, or concerned with landed property and the rights and issues associated with it, as its allocation, ownership, distribution, enclosure, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > possessions > [adjective] > real or immovable > consisting of landed property > relating to landed property agrarian1656 territorial1762 1656 J. Harrington Common-wealth of Oceana 22 An equall Common-wealth is such an one, as is equall both..in her Agrarian Law, and in her Rotation [of government office]. 1702 J. Lacy Representative London & Westm. in Parl. Consider'd 26 Whatever Reflections may be rais'd from the Agrarian Principles. 1795 Analyt. Rev. Oct. 395 This writer rejects the agrarian system adopted by Mr. Paine, and maintains that property..is sacred and ought not to be invaded. 1811 J. Black tr. A. von Humboldt Polit. Ess. New Spain II. 256 No agrarian law forces these rich proprietors to sell their mayorazgos. 1833 T. P. Thompson Exercises (1842) II. 422 Have not your landlords brought you to the very eve of an agrarian war? 1882 Spectator 8 Apr. 457 In many districts of Ireland the anti-landlord agitation..has changed an agrarian movement into a true jacquerie. 1935 Economica 2 98 One has only to point to the agrarian policy of the Third Reich..to illustrate the practical outcome of this ‘blood and soil’ attitude. 2000 P. Moore Full Montezuma (2001) xvii. 278 The..death squads [in El Salvador] that terrorised..anyone remotely connected to the left-wing call for agrarian reform. 3. Of or relating to cultivated land or the cultivation of land; based on or engaged in the cultivation of land; (esp. of a society, community, etc.) agricultural, farming.From the early 20th cent. sometimes opposed to industrial adj. 4. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > [adjective] > agrarian prediala1529 agrarian1777 1777 London Rev. Eng. & Foreign Lit. 6 App. 506 (title) A discourse on the year 1776, addressed to the Agrarian Academy of Padua. 1789 A. Young Jrnl. 27 Sept. in Trav. France (1792) i. 197 Signore Giobert, academician, and of the agrarian society. 1864 J. H. Burton Scot Abroad II. ii. 163 The heartless agrarian devastation accompanying the movements of the Russian troops. 1867 J. W. Draper Hist. Amer. Civil War I. xxvi. 445 The only bulwark..against the clamoring rule of agrarian majorities. 1918 Bull. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics No. 242. 73 The passive resistance of the agrarian population [of Central Europe] to the regulations of the food administration. 1939 Econ. Geogr. 15 222 Turku, although an urbanization of no mean dimensions for Finland, is backed by a fairly densely populated agrarian hinterland. 1952 Polit. Sci. Q. 67 286 An earlier agrarian life, granted all the narrowness and narrowingness of the village, nevertheless had in it something helpful. 1988 C. A. Bayly Indian Soc. & Making of Brit. Empire (1989) i. 30 The very lack of skilled labour..meant that agrarian labourers..retained a good deal of bargaining power. 1991 N.Y. Times 24 Nov. iv. 4/2 The Khmer Rouge in the madness of their campaign to impose a..purely agrarian society on Cambodia. 2005 C. Tudge Secret Life Trees xiv. 366 Agrarian economies that have ticked along for thousands of years..are said to be ‘stagnant’. 4. Ecology. a. In H. C. Watson's terminology: designating one of the two altitudinal divisions of vegetation into which Britain is divided, corresponding to the limits of arable cultivation. Now disused.Watson's agrarian zone was further subdivided into the infer-, mid-, and super-agrarian zones. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > [adjective] > agrarian > relating to altitudinal zone agrarian1843 1843 H. C. Watson Distrib. Brit. Plants 34 Agrarian region. 1883 J. G. Baker in Watson’s Topographical Bot. (ed. 2) p. xv The Agrarian region includes that part of Britain in which it is possible, so far as climate is concerned, to cultivate the cereal grasses and potatoes. 1891 Proc. Royal Irish Acad. 1889–91 1 561 There are several species which range in Great Britain throughout the three agrarian zones, and yet do not appear on my list of Irish mountain plants. 1902 Sc. Geogr. Mag. 18 136 The Oak wood..occurs towards the upper limits of the agrarian region, generally in valleys along the streams. b. Of a plant: growing wild (esp. as a weed) in cultivated land. Cf. agrestal adj. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > wild and cultivated plants > [adjective] > wild or not cultivated wildc725 untameda1340 unsownc1374 unplanteda1382 savagea1500 natural1526 self-sowed1597 self-sown1608 maiden1616 voluntary1620 spontaneous1665 uncultivated1697 wilding1697 volunteer1794 uncultured1804 agrarian1851 self-raised1852 the world > plants > valued plants and weeds > [adjective] > growing in cultivated land agrestal1847 agrarian1851 agral1866 agrestial1885 1851 Naturalist 1 76 Many of the weeds of cultivated ground, and other Agrarian plants, are universally acknowledged in botanical books as true natives. 1861 J. Buckman in Rep. Brit. Assoc. 30 37 We believe that the Charlock Sinapis arvensis, L. is also an agrarian form of Brassica. 1863 Farmer’s Mag. 23 322/1 There were the common sow thistle, and the corn sow thistle..—in fact all the common agrarian plants and not meadow plants. 1884 Veterinarian Apr. 214 The Yellow Chrysanthemum—the Gules Gowlden and Corn Marigold of the country people—is an agrarian weed, often too well known as a pest on some sandy soils. 1901 E. D. Marquand Flora Guernsey 180 So that we have here an instance of the remarkably rapid spread of a plant which is not an agrarian weed. B. n. 1. A law dealing with the distribution, ownership, and inheritance of landed property; an agrarian law (see senses A. 1 and A. 2). Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > law > types of laws > [noun] > inheritance or property Salic law1548 agrarian1656 Falcidian law1656 deathbed1681 gavel-act1803 1656 J. Harrington Common-wealth of Oceana 22 An equal Agrarian is a perpetuall Law establishing and preserving the ballance of dominion. 1681 H. Neville Plato Redivivus 61 The Agrarian did not extend to any Lands conquered beyond this Precinct. 1714 A. Stanyan Acct. Switzerland iv. 102 They have in Effect a pretty equal Agrarian; since by their Laws, all their Children both Male and Female inherit in equal Portions. 1757 Monthly Rev. Feb. 308 His scheme for the diffusion of property, may..tend to the introduction of an Agrarian, and shake the superstructures of our government. 1823 C. Lamb My First Play in Elia 224 The estate has passed into more prudent hands, and nothing but an agrarian can restore it. 1891 Eng. Hist. Rev. Apr. 322 Under the ‘balance’ which this agrarian was to provide Harrington included limitations on private fortune in capital as well as land. 1998 G. Burgess in I. Gentles et al. Soldiers, Writers & Statesmen Eng. Revol. ix. 225 An agrarian was a necessary but not a sufficient cause of political permanence. 2. Frequently with capital initial. A person who advocates a redistribution of landed property. Often in plural, denoting any of various groups or parties engaged in this. Cf. agrarianism n. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > socialism > [noun] > distributism > adherent of agrarian1795 distributionist1836 distributist1918 1795 Tomahawk! 23 Nov. 93/2 The Jacobins, Levellers, Reformers, Republicans, Regicides, and Agrarians, will be prevented from meeting. 1818 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 19 97 Let no man be deluded..by the mistaken notion that it affords an unanswerable objection to the theories of equality... An Agrarian of three hours standing would beat..him. 1882 G. Smith in Pall Mall Gaz. 24 May 2 The agrarians will be satisfied with nothing short of the total spoliation of the landowners. 1899 Westm. Gaz. 21 Aug. 1/2 The opposition of the Agrarians [to canal-building in Prussia] is largely determined by selfish and protectionist motives. 1940 Rev. Politics 2 410 The country as a whole has been deaf to the Distributists and the Agrarians. 1993 M. Wasserman Persistent Oligarchs vii. 123 The agrarians fought back and petitioned for a grant and restitution of land under the reform laws. Compounds agrarian outrage n. now historical an act of violence originating in conflict between landlords and tenants; (as a mass noun) such acts collectively. ΚΠ 1833 Morning Post 2 Mar. The second part of the Bill was directed against Agrarian outrage and disturbance. 1834 Irish Monthly Mag. Feb. 77 The immense number of penal..enactments, passed by the Union or English Parliament, to put down the almost continual Agrarian outrages. 1876 J. E. T. Rogers Man. Polit. Econ. (ed. 3) xiii. 23 The Irish land system familiarised the peasantry with agrarian outrages. 1991 T. Pakenham Scramble for Afr. vi. 98 By every post there were reports of fresh agrarian outrages: houses burnt, cattle killed or hamstrung, landlords shot or hacked to pieces. agrarian revolution n. any of various dramatic and wide-reaching changes in the social organization of agriculture in terms of land ownership, distribution, use, etc.; (in later use) = agricultural revolution n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > revolution > [noun] > specific revolutions American Revolution1779 revolution1784 French Revolution1789 revolution1790 Fructidor1793 Russian Revolution1805 agrarian revolution1824 February Revolution1848 October Revolution1917 revolution1917 cultural revolution1929 velvet revolution1989 1824 7th Rep. Comm. House of Assembly (Quebec) 17 It would operate a great agrarian revolution in the Colony, vest absolutely and unconditionally large tracts of Lands in the hands of a few. 1890 T. F. Tout in F. Y. Powell et al. Hist. Eng. III. iii. 98 Side by side with the industrial revolution went an agrarian revolution. 1934 tr. Mao Tse-Tung's Red China 21 The Chinese Soviets and their Red Army have grown out of the development of the agrarian revolution, which liberates the masses of the peasants from oppression and exploitation. 2010 R. Donkin Future of Work 20 More than 10,000 years ago..inventions enabling the production, storage and refinement of wheat created an agrarian revolution. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.1593 |
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