agonyn.

Brit.

/ˈaɡəni/,

/ˈaɡn̩i/, U.S.

/ˈæɡəni/

Forms: Middle English–1500s agonye, Middle English–1600s agonie, Middle English– agony, 1500s agonya (Scottish).

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French agonie; Latin agonia.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman agonye, Anglo-Norman and Middle French agonie (French agonie ) mental struggle, anguish, distress (1160 in Old French as aigoine ), death-agony, the throes of death (end of the 13th cent. in Anglo-Norman as agone ), physical suffering, extreme pain (c1330), physical exertion or struggle (e.g. in battle) (2nd half of the 14th cent.), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin agonia mental struggle or anguish of Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane (Vetus Latina, Vulgate), anguish, distress (4th cent.), death-agony (from 11th cent. in British and continental sources), tribulation, contest (from 13th cent. in British sources) < ancient Greek ἀγωνία contest, struggle for victory in the games, gymnastic exercise, mental struggle, anguish, in Hellenistic Greek with specific reference to Christ's anguish in Gethsemane (New Testament: Luke 22:43) < ἀγών agon n. + -ία -y suffix³.Compare Catalan agonia (1479), Spanish agonia (c1400), Portuguese agonia (15th cent.), Italian agonia (a1342). Compare also Dutch agonie (mid 18th cent.), German Agonie (beginning of the 18th cent.; 16th cent. as †Agonia).

I. Senses with emphasis on feeling.

1. Christian Church. In singular and plural. The mental struggle or anguish of Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane (Matthew 26: 36–46).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > [noun]

tintreghc893

threat971

piningOE

murderOE

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woea1250

pinec1275

tormentc1290

languorc1300

heartbreakc1330

surcarkingc1330

martyrement1340

threst1340

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martyrdomc1384

tormentryc1386

martyre?a1400

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rack?a1425

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living hell1596

discruciation1597

heart-aching1607

throeing1615

rigour1632

crucifixion1648

lancination1649

bosom-hell1674

heart-rending1707

brain-racking1708

tormentation1789

bosom-throe1827

angoisse1910

society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > biblical events > [noun] > Gethsemane

agonyc1384

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xxii. 43 And he maad in agonye, ether angwische, preiede lengere [L. Et factus in agonia, prolixius orabat].

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke xxii. f. cxiij^v He was in agony.

1557 Bible (Whittingham) Luke xxii. 43 And being in an agonie, he prayed more earnestly.

1650 Bp. J. Taylor Rule & Exercises Holy Living i. 58 Meditate on the agonies of Christ in the garden, his sadnesse and affliction all that night.

1761 Relig. in True Light 127 Strength in his Agony to Christ was giv'n.

1809 E. Blomfield Life Jesus Christ xiv. 345 Jesus was pouring forth his soul in the most bitter agonies in the garden.

1864 Ld. Tennyson Aylmer's Field in Enoch Arden, etc. 92 As cried Christ ere His agony.

1912 W. A. Candler Wesley & his Work iv. 93 It can in the same night stoop to wash the feet of peasants, dare the agonies of Gethsemane, or endure the indignities of Pilate's judgment hall without humiliation, fear, or despair.

1968 E. F. Harrison Short Life Christ xiii. 195 He had wept over the holy city. Yet there is no suggestion at that time..that he gave way to any such agony as befell him in the garden.

2003 R. Taylor How to read Church 70 The word ‘Agony’ in ‘the Agony in the Garden’ can be thought of in terms of its root in the Greek word agon, a contest.

2. Anguish of mind, great mental trouble or distress. Also: an instance of this, a paroxysm of grief.

ΚΠ

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 266 This man is falle..In som woodnesse, or in som Agonye.

c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 525 Ethelstan... For wach and trouble lay in an agonye, Devoutly knelyng by his beddys syde.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxvii. f. liiii Fredegunda..sore was abasshed, and in great fere and agony.

1563 A. Golding tr. L. Bruni Hist. Warres Imperialles & Gothes iii. x. f. 125 The Romaynes..were in suche an agonie that they wyst not what to doe nor whyche way to turne them.

1611 Bible (King James) 2 Macc. iii. 14 There was no small agonie throughout the whole citie.

1720 Hist. Life & Adventures D. Campbell viii. 294 The Ladies laugh'd incontinently, imagining that he was in an Agony of Shame and Confusion.

1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. xix. 130 He sunk under the charge, in an agony of confusion and despair.

1816 W. Scott Old Mortality ix, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. IV. 174 She could discover by his short-drawn sobs that it was a paroxysm of mental agony.

1863 J. H. Burton Book-hunter (ed. 2) 40 It was agony to him to hear the beggar's cry of distress.

1903 F. A. Hyett Florence xviii. 379 Lorenzo, in an agony of remorse, had sent for Savonarola, saying, ‘I know no true friar but him.’

1942 E. Langley Pea Pickers xxviii. 388 The agony of my grief numbs me and makes me slow and stupid with tears.

1971 P. Firchow tr. F. Schlegel Lucinde 98 She confessed to him—but not without severe emotional agony—that she had been the mother of a lovely boy who had died soon after birth.

2006 P. Carey Theft (2007) liii. 257 Forgive me Lord Jesus, it was agony to hear her suffer.

3. Extreme bodily suffering, often such as to produce writhing or throes of the body; severe pain. Also: an instance of this. Also figurative and in figurative contexts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > [noun] > anguish or torment

piningOE

anguishc1225

pinsing?c1225

tormentc1290

afflictiona1382

martyrdomc1384

tormentryc1386

labourc1390

martyryc1390

throea1393

martyre?a1400

cruelty14..

rack?a1425

hacheec1430

prong1440

agonya1450

ragea1450

pang1482

sowing1487

cruciation1496

afflict?1529

torture?c1550

pincha1566

anguishment1592

discruciament1593

excruciation1618

fellness1642

afflictedness1646

pungency1649

perialgia1848

perialgy1857

racking1896

a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) l. 5291 (MED) Fraunce..swich is þine agonye, Thi self manaseth þi self for to dye.

c1525 J. Rastell New Commodye Propertes of Women sig. Ci He hath be in this agony this .viii. days.

1547 T. Cranmer Certayne Serm. sig. O.iv Sickenesses, and paynfull diseases, whiche be moste strong pangues and agonies in the fleshe.

1599 A. Hume Poems (1902) 107 The trouble of the spirit wil oftimes..trouble the whole estate of man: as though he were takin with sum agonie or sharp fevar.

1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster West-ward Hoe v. sig. G4 O quickly, quickly, shees sicke and taken with an Agony.

1685 J. Graile Three Serm. Norwich iii. 95 O the sudden Convulsions, surprizing Paroxysms, insupportable Agonies of the Body Politick.

1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 172 The Agony the poor Woman was in.

1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles iv. xxvii. 164 Thou heard'st a wretched female plain In agony of travail-pain.

1864 Ld. Tennyson Boadicea 84 Ran the land with Roman slaughter, multitudinous agonies.

1915 Bulletin (Sydney) 28 Jan. 22/2 A horse may..suddenly collapse, struggle in agony for perhaps half an hour, and then pass out.

1970 Bull. Atomic Scientists Feb. 2/1 The intellectual agony of Prague and the physical agony of Biafra continue with no sign of relief.

2002 N. Tosches In Hand of Dante 72 The bottom-lying stonefish with its dorsal fin of thirteen poisonous spines that bring instant and crippling agony.

4. The convulsive throes or pangs of death; the death struggle. Usually with adjective or of indicating the circumstance. Also figurative and in figurative contexts.See also death agony at death n. Compounds 1a(a).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > [noun] > death throes

throwingeOE

death throec1300

throec1300

stour1340

bale-stourc1400

gasping1440

agonya1500

(one's) last gasp1564

death flurry1831

the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > [noun] > anguish or torment > pang(s) of death

agonya1500

pincha1566

a1500 Craft of Dying (Rawl.) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 407 (MED) In the agony or stryfe of his deth.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xiv. 95 Quhen darius vas in the agonya and deitht thrau.

1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 844 Mirth cannot moue a soule in agonie .

1665 Meanes of preventing Plague 19 (heading) A Prayer for a dying person, in, or near the Agonies of Death.

a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 309 All of the sudden she fell into the agony of death.

1754 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 540/1 Omar..had given him the signet, as all the reparation he could make for his crime, when he was repenting in the agony of death.

1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 800/1 The death-struggle, or agony.

1863 J. F. Kirk Hist. Charles the Bold I. i. i. 25 It seemed..as if this were the final agony of the nation, as if the hour of its dissolution were at hand.

a1900 E. G. Porter Disc. Columbia River in Old South Leaflets (1902) No. 131. 6 He..staggered toward his friends, but received a flight of arrows in his back, and fell in mortal agony.

1921 G. M. Price Poisoning Democracy viii. 157 Those who would seek to prolong the present dying agonies of a doomed world.

1962 A. MacLean Satan Bug iii. 36 The lips strained cruelly back over clenched teeth in the appalling rictus of his dying agony.

1992 T. Davies Modest Pageant 165 Jesus Mary and Joseph assist me in my last agony.

5. In extended and weakened senses.

a. Misery or suffering, of various degrees of severity; mental discomfort; an experience of this; the action or an act of agonizing over something. Also (slang, originally Theatre): exaggeration of feeling; affectation of manner or behaviour.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > misery > [noun]

unselthc888

ermtheOE

unselea1023

wellawayOE

wretchhead1154

wandrethc1175

woec1175

wanea1200

wretchdom?c1225

yomernessc1250

balec1275

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wan-siðc1275

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cursedness1303

wretcheddomc1320

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wretchnessa1330

tribulationc1330

wretchednessa1340

caitifty1340

meeknessa1382

unwealsomeness1382

infelicityc1384

caitifhedea1400

ill liking?a1400

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ungleea1400

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caitifnessc1400

deploration1490

caitifdoma1500

woefulnessa1513

misery1527

miserity1533

mishappinessa1542

unwealfulnessa1555

tribulance1575

miserableness1613

agony1621

desolatenessa1626

unblissa1628

unhappiness1722

misère1791

shadow1855

valley1882

miz1918

1621 M. Wroth Countesse of Mountgomeries Urania 375 I was in an Agony to see it, my bloud rise, and all my senses were sensible but of disorder.

1643 Mercurius Brit. No. 10. 76 This Rosa Solis of Intelligence to comfort them in their agony of ill news.

1797 Sporting Mag. Dec. 154/1 A woman of fashion, after losing her money, has sat writhing in all the agonies of bad luck.

1837 J. C. Neal Charcoal Sketches 124 He must commence the play hawfully, and keep piling on the hagony till the close.

1839 F. Marryat Diary in Amer. II. 235 I do think he piled the agony up a little too high in that last scene.

1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Let. 23 Oct. (1956) IV. 111 We shall soon be in the agonies of moving.

1895 Argosy Dec. 227/1 It will spare us the agony of suspense.

1921 U. Sinclair Bk. of Life ii. xxvii. 186 To me it was always an agony of boredom to lie on a bed and wiggle my abdomen for a quarter of an hour.

1932 ‘L. G. Gibbon’ Sunset Song 37 Then up he'd get on the platform, the doitered old fool, and recite Weeeee, sss-leek-ed, ccccccowering timrous beastie or such-like poem and it was fair agony to hear him.

1953 M. Irwin Elizabeth & Prince of Spain xx. 201 She could sit still no longer, all her nerves were jangled in an agony of indecision.

1988 J. Trollope Choir v. 79 Speech Day was approaching, and the thrice annual agony of reports.

2008 C. Tiernan On Back of Other Side xxxii. 493 ‘Ascot! We shan't have to go to Ascot and tramp around watching silly old horse races!’ Maud was piling on the agony for Mamma.

b. With adjective or of indicating the sensation or emotion: intense pleasure bordering on pain; an instance of this, a paroxysm of such pleasure.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > [noun] > intensity or paroxysm of pleasure

agony1642

1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. A7^v Which in their sprights, may cause sweet agony, And thrill their bodies through with pleasing dart.

1668 Bp. E. Hopkins Vanity of World 102 The soul..reaches after God, and falls into an agony of Joy and desire inconceivably mixt together.

1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey III. x. 492 With cries and agonies of wild delight.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones IV. xviii. x. 312 The first Agonies of Joy which were felt on both Sides, are indeed beyond my Power to describe.

1814 S. E. Brydges Occas. Poems 3 Raise thy young hopes to agony of joy, Then hell-like laugh, as their cold blights destroy!

1877 M. Oliphant Makers of Florence (ed. 2) v. 138 He struck the marble in an agony of pleasure and content, bidding it ‘Speak!’

1919 Los Angeles School Jrnl. 8 Sept. 18 You will experience all those exquisite agonies that go with immortalizing one's self in print. The cerebration involved is truly exhilarating.

1961 H. Swados Nights in Gardens of Brooklyn (1970) 111 He squirmed about in a slow agony of pleasure.

2003 D. Gilb Gritos Introd. p. xv A grito is most known when mariachis sing, that loud, extemporaneous howl of triumph, or the sad—and loud, it has to be loud—lament of love lost, the orgasmic agony of love found.

c. Chiefly poetic. A thing in agony; something resulting from or expressive of agony; a scene of agony.

ΚΠ

1889 ‘M. Twain’ Connecticut Yankee 202 The first draft or original agony of the wail ‘In the Sweet Bye and Bye’.

a1918 W. Owen Coll. Poems (1963) 48 Watching, we hear the mad gusts on the wire, Like twitching agonies of men among its brambles.

1924 R. Campbell Flaming Terrapin ii. 25 The mountains frown, Locked in their tetanous agonies of stone.

1932 W. B. Yeats Words for Music 2 Dying into a dance, An agony of trance, An agony of flame that cannot singe a sleeve.

1961 A. S. Downer Recent Amer. Drama (1964) 12 The Job scenes..were directed as a kind of baroque agony, with characters writhing on the floor and careening about on hands and knees.

II. Senses with emphasis on action (though usually with overtones of branch I.).

6. A struggle, a contest.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > [noun] > an act or instance of

flitec1000

strifea1225

wara1300

pulla1400

lakec1420

contenta1450

stour?c1450

contentiona1500

pingle1543

agony1555

feudc1565

combat1567

skirmish1576

grapple1604

counter-scuffle1628

scuffle1641

agon1649

tug1660

tug of war1677

risse1684

struggle1692

palaver1707

hash1789

warsle1792

scrabble1794

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go1823

bucklea1849

wrestle1850

tussle1857

head-to-head1884

scrum1905

battleground1931

shoot-out1953

mud-wrestle1986

1555 E. Bonner Profitable & Necessarye Doctryne sig. Ee.ii^v Such as..haue been by penaunce restored agayne to y^e sayde grace, and therevpon by thys sacramente are strenghethened and conforted in theyr agonye and fight agaynste the deuyll.

1560 J. Knox Answer Great Nomber Blasphemous Cauillations 301 The agonye & battel which he susteined, fighting as it were against gods iudgementes.

1660 E. Waterhouse Disc. Arms & Armory 103 The Greeks in their..athletary agonies.

1769 S. Hopkins True State of Unregenerate i. vii. 89 He calls the latter the good fight, to distinguish it from that fight or agony which the word originally signified.

1833 T. De Quincey Cæsars in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Jan. 51/2 He was most truly in an agony, according to the original meaning of that word; for the conflict was great between two master principles of his nature.

1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia V. xviii. ii. 38 Which lasted..above three hours; and was the crisis, or essential agony, of the Battle.

1893 R. M. Hughes Gen. Johnston App. 319 All noble strength partakes of the wrestler's agony.

2005 J. K. Olick In House of Hangman i. 21 The numerous debates..about the meaning of National Socialism for German identity, it seems to me, formed a series of agonies—in the classical sense of struggles—within and constituting a wider arena of political culture and collective memory.

Phrases

P1. transitive. to prolong the (also one's) agony [after French prolonger son agonie (1708 or earlier), prolonger l'agonie (1716 or earlier), etc.] : to protract an uncomfortable situation or experience, esp. knowingly and needlessly; to keep in suspense.

ΚΠ

1786 tr. Marquis de Langle Sentimental Journey through Spain I. 45 When a felon is sentenced..it is shameful to prolong his agony [Fr. il est odieux de prolonger son agonie].

1846 tr. A. Dumas Count of Monte-Cristo II. li. 382 Count, you prolong my agony [Fr. Comte, vous prolongez mon agonie].

1917 N.Y. Times Current Hist.: European War 10 131 To prolong the agony all round, they [sc. German soliders in occupied France] worked by districts—never saying on which night each district would be taken.

1956 M. Dickens Angel in Corner viii. 115 He's finished what he came to do over here, and he has to get back... So don't think you can prolong the agony that way.

1986 N.Y. Post 9 July 46 I won't prolong the agony. All except Gary Shilling got it awfully wrong.

1995 B. Obama Dreams from my Father (2004) ix. 169 The corporation was preparing to get out of the steelmaking business, he said, and wage concessions would only prolong the agony.

P2. to pile on the agony: see pile v.² 4b.

Compounds

agony aunt n. chiefly British an editor (actually or supposedly female) of an agony column (agony column n. (b)); (in extended use) an adviser on personal, psychological, etc., problems.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > journalism > journalist > [noun] > sentimental or advice writer

sob sister1912

Lonelyhearts1933

Miss Lonelyhearts1933

agony aunt1974

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > [noun] > adviser or counsellor > as an occupation

adviser1877

counsellor1940

genetic counsellor1952

agony auntie1972

agony aunt1974

1974 Guardian 19 Sept. 13/2 High on the list of the society's bêtes noires is the teenage magazine Petticoat and its agony aunt, Claire Rayner.

1984 S. Townsend Growing Pains Adrian Mole 19 I can't go on like this. I have written to Auntie Clara, the Agony Aunt.

2010 Daily Tel. 8 June 21/2 In her one-woman show, agony aunt Virginia Ironside says grandchildren are God's reward for not killing your children.

agony auntie n. chiefly British = agony aunt n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > [noun] > adviser or counsellor > as an occupation

adviser1877

counsellor1940

genetic counsellor1952

agony auntie1972

agony aunt1974

1972 Times 27 Apr. 3/1 Pleas for help from young and old made to 'agony aunties' of magazines and newspapers, show that our established welfare institutions often fail to meet a personal, intimate human need.

1979 R. Kent Aunt Agony Advises xii. 265 Perhaps a university should start an agony auntie course.

2008 S. Taylor Dear Rita xx. 232 Look, babe, let me be the agony auntie for a change, 'cause you're not doing such a good job of advising yourself.

agony column n. (a) a column of a newspaper that contains personal advertisements, esp. for missing relatives or friends or for new relationships; cf. personal column n. at personal adj., n., and adv. Compounds; (b) a regular newspaper or magazine feature containing readers' questions about personal difficulties, with replies from the columnist; cf. problem page n. at problem n. Compounds 1c.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > journalism > journal > parts and layout of journals > [noun] > specific columns > for adverts, e.g. about missing people

agony column1854

society > communication > journalism > journal > parts and layout of journals > [noun] > specific columns > for readers' questions about problems

agony column1854

advice column1864

1854 Courier 28 Mar. 50/3 In time,..it would be as much sought after, and as eagerly read, as the 'agony column' of the Times.

1881 W. Black Beautiful Wretch III. xxiii. 8 There was a clamour of contention and advice among guardians and friends; there were anonymous appeals to the runaways in agony-columns.

1928 G. H. Danton Germany Ten Years After (1971) vi. 269 The pruriency and lubricity of the advertisements probably sell the magazine to the sex-starved, of whom, judging from the ‘agony columns’ of the journals, Germany has its full quota.

1975 P. Makins Evelyn Home Story xiv. 158 The actual writing style of agony columns has changed quite noticeably over the years.

1997 Sunday Times 26 Oct. (News Review section) 6/3 The received wisdom, recounted ad nauseam in the agony columns of magazines and the annals of social research, is that divorce is cruel to children.

agony uncle n. an editor (actually or supposedly male) of an agony column (agony column n. (b)); also in extended use; cf. agony aunt n.

ΚΠ

1981 Times 14 Dec. 6/4 (heading) Phillip Hodson: letters to an agony uncle.

1991 Gay Times Mar. 98/1 Worried about promiscuity? Concerned about a domestic situation? Write to GT's Agony Uncle.

2006 L. Newbery Catcall (2008) 111 It was a bit much, having to be Floss's agony uncle. I'd got enough problems of my own.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	agony
释义	agonyn. Brit. /ˈaɡəni/, /ˈaɡn̩i/, U.S. /ˈæɡəni/ Forms: Middle English–1500s agonye, Middle English–1600s agonie, Middle English– agony, 1500s agonya (Scottish). Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French agonie; Latin agonia. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman agonye, Anglo-Norman and Middle French agonie (French agonie ) mental struggle, anguish, distress (1160 in Old French as aigoine ), death-agony, the throes of death (end of the 13th cent. in Anglo-Norman as agone ), physical suffering, extreme pain (c1330), physical exertion or struggle (e.g. in battle) (2nd half of the 14th cent.), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin agonia mental struggle or anguish of Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane (Vetus Latina, Vulgate), anguish, distress (4th cent.), death-agony (from 11th cent. in British and continental sources), tribulation, contest (from 13th cent. in British sources) < ancient Greek ἀγωνία contest, struggle for victory in the games, gymnastic exercise, mental struggle, anguish, in Hellenistic Greek with specific reference to Christ's anguish in Gethsemane (New Testament: Luke 22:43) < ἀγών agon n. + -ία -y suffix³.Compare Catalan agonia (1479), Spanish agonia (c1400), Portuguese agonia (15th cent.), Italian agonia (a1342). Compare also Dutch agonie (mid 18th cent.), German Agonie (beginning of the 18th cent.; 16th cent. as †Agonia). I. Senses with emphasis on feeling. 1. Christian Church. In singular and plural. The mental struggle or anguish of Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane (Matthew 26: 36–46). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > [noun] tintreghc893 threat971 piningOE murderOE anguish?c1225 woea1250 pinec1275 tormentc1290 languorc1300 heartbreakc1330 surcarkingc1330 martyrement1340 threst1340 agonyc1384 martyrdomc1384 tormentryc1386 martyre?a1400 tormentisec1405 rack?a1425 anguishing1433 angorc1450 anguishnessa1475 torture?c1550 heartsickness1556 butchery1582 heartache1587 anguishment1592 living hell1596 discruciation1597 heart-aching1607 throeing1615 rigour1632 crucifixion1648 lancination1649 bosom-hell1674 heart-rending1707 brain-racking1708 tormentation1789 bosom-throe1827 angoisse1910 society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > biblical events > [noun] > Gethsemane agonyc1384 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xxii. 43 And he maad in agonye, ether angwische, preiede lengere [L. Et factus in agonia, prolixius orabat]. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke xxii. f. cxiij^v He was in agony. 1557 Bible (Whittingham) Luke xxii. 43 And being in an agonie, he prayed more earnestly. 1650 Bp. J. Taylor Rule & Exercises Holy Living i. 58 Meditate on the agonies of Christ in the garden, his sadnesse and affliction all that night. 1761 Relig. in True Light 127 Strength in his Agony to Christ was giv'n. 1809 E. Blomfield Life Jesus Christ xiv. 345 Jesus was pouring forth his soul in the most bitter agonies in the garden. 1864 Ld. Tennyson Aylmer's Field in Enoch Arden, etc. 92 As cried Christ ere His agony. 1912 W. A. Candler Wesley & his Work iv. 93 It can in the same night stoop to wash the feet of peasants, dare the agonies of Gethsemane, or endure the indignities of Pilate's judgment hall without humiliation, fear, or despair. 1968 E. F. Harrison Short Life Christ xiii. 195 He had wept over the holy city. Yet there is no suggestion at that time..that he gave way to any such agony as befell him in the garden. 2003 R. Taylor How to read Church 70 The word ‘Agony’ in ‘the Agony in the Garden’ can be thought of in terms of its root in the Greek word agon, a contest. 2. Anguish of mind, great mental trouble or distress. Also: an instance of this, a paroxysm of grief. ΚΠ c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 266 This man is falle..In som woodnesse, or in som Agonye. c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 525 Ethelstan... For wach and trouble lay in an agonye, Devoutly knelyng by his beddys syde. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxvii. f. liiii Fredegunda..sore was abasshed, and in great fere and agony. 1563 A. Golding tr. L. Bruni Hist. Warres Imperialles & Gothes iii. x. f. 125 The Romaynes..were in suche an agonie that they wyst not what to doe nor whyche way to turne them. 1611 Bible (King James) 2 Macc. iii. 14 There was no small agonie throughout the whole citie. View more context for this quotation 1720 Hist. Life & Adventures D. Campbell viii. 294 The Ladies laugh'd incontinently, imagining that he was in an Agony of Shame and Confusion. 1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. xix. 130 He sunk under the charge, in an agony of confusion and despair. 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality ix, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. IV. 174 She could discover by his short-drawn sobs that it was a paroxysm of mental agony. 1863 J. H. Burton Book-hunter (ed. 2) 40 It was agony to him to hear the beggar's cry of distress. 1903 F. A. Hyett Florence xviii. 379 Lorenzo, in an agony of remorse, had sent for Savonarola, saying, ‘I know no true friar but him.’ 1942 E. Langley Pea Pickers xxviii. 388 The agony of my grief numbs me and makes me slow and stupid with tears. 1971 P. Firchow tr. F. Schlegel Lucinde 98 She confessed to him—but not without severe emotional agony—that she had been the mother of a lovely boy who had died soon after birth. 2006 P. Carey Theft (2007) liii. 257 Forgive me Lord Jesus, it was agony to hear her suffer. 3. Extreme bodily suffering, often such as to produce writhing or throes of the body; severe pain. Also: an instance of this. Also figurative and in figurative contexts. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > [noun] > anguish or torment piningOE anguishc1225 pinsing?c1225 tormentc1290 afflictiona1382 martyrdomc1384 tormentryc1386 labourc1390 martyryc1390 throea1393 martyre?a1400 cruelty14.. rack?a1425 hacheec1430 prong1440 agonya1450 ragea1450 pang1482 sowing1487 cruciation1496 afflict?1529 torture?c1550 pincha1566 anguishment1592 discruciament1593 excruciation1618 fellness1642 afflictedness1646 pungency1649 perialgia1848 perialgy1857 racking1896 a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) l. 5291 (MED) Fraunce..swich is þine agonye, Thi self manaseth þi self for to dye. c1525 J. Rastell New Commodye Propertes of Women sig. Ci He hath be in this agony this .viii. days. 1547 T. Cranmer Certayne Serm. sig. O.iv Sickenesses, and paynfull diseases, whiche be moste strong pangues and agonies in the fleshe. 1599 A. Hume Poems (1902) 107 The trouble of the spirit wil oftimes..trouble the whole estate of man: as though he were takin with sum agonie or sharp fevar. 1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster West-ward Hoe v. sig. G4 O quickly, quickly, shees sicke and taken with an Agony. 1685 J. Graile Three Serm. Norwich iii. 95 O the sudden Convulsions, surprizing Paroxysms, insupportable Agonies of the Body Politick. 1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 172 The Agony the poor Woman was in. 1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles iv. xxvii. 164 Thou heard'st a wretched female plain In agony of travail-pain. 1864 Ld. Tennyson Boadicea 84 Ran the land with Roman slaughter, multitudinous agonies. 1915 Bulletin (Sydney) 28 Jan. 22/2 A horse may..suddenly collapse, struggle in agony for perhaps half an hour, and then pass out. 1970 Bull. Atomic Scientists Feb. 2/1 The intellectual agony of Prague and the physical agony of Biafra continue with no sign of relief. 2002 N. Tosches In Hand of Dante 72 The bottom-lying stonefish with its dorsal fin of thirteen poisonous spines that bring instant and crippling agony. 4. The convulsive throes or pangs of death; the death struggle. Usually with adjective or of indicating the circumstance. Also figurative and in figurative contexts.See also death agony at death n. Compounds 1a(a). ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > [noun] > death throes throwingeOE death throec1300 throec1300 stour1340 bale-stourc1400 gasping1440 agonya1500 (one's) last gasp1564 death flurry1831 the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > [noun] > anguish or torment > pang(s) of death agonya1500 pincha1566 a1500 Craft of Dying (Rawl.) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 407 (MED) In the agony or stryfe of his deth. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xiv. 95 Quhen darius vas in the agonya and deitht thrau. 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 844 Mirth cannot moue a soule in agonie . View more context for this quotation 1665 Meanes of preventing Plague 19 (heading) A Prayer for a dying person, in, or near the Agonies of Death. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 309 All of the sudden she fell into the agony of death. 1754 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 540/1 Omar..had given him the signet, as all the reparation he could make for his crime, when he was repenting in the agony of death. 1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 800/1 The death-struggle, or agony. 1863 J. F. Kirk Hist. Charles the Bold I. i. i. 25 It seemed..as if this were the final agony of the nation, as if the hour of its dissolution were at hand. a1900 E. G. Porter Disc. Columbia River in Old South Leaflets (1902) No. 131. 6 He..staggered toward his friends, but received a flight of arrows in his back, and fell in mortal agony. 1921 G. M. Price Poisoning Democracy viii. 157 Those who would seek to prolong the present dying agonies of a doomed world. 1962 A. MacLean Satan Bug iii. 36 The lips strained cruelly back over clenched teeth in the appalling rictus of his dying agony. 1992 T. Davies Modest Pageant 165 Jesus Mary and Joseph assist me in my last agony. 5. In extended and weakened senses. a. Misery or suffering, of various degrees of severity; mental discomfort; an experience of this; the action or an act of agonizing over something. Also (slang, originally Theatre): exaggeration of feeling; affectation of manner or behaviour. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > misery > [noun] unselthc888 ermtheOE unselea1023 wellawayOE wretchhead1154 wandrethc1175 woec1175 wanea1200 wretchdom?c1225 yomernessc1250 balec1275 un-i-selec1275 wan-siðc1275 unseelinessa1300 wretchedheada1300 cursedness1303 wretcheddomc1320 wrechea1325 wretchnessa1330 tribulationc1330 wretchednessa1340 caitifty1340 meeknessa1382 unwealsomeness1382 infelicityc1384 caitifhedea1400 ill liking?a1400 sorea1400 ungleea1400 unweala1400 caitifnessc1400 deploration1490 caitifdoma1500 woefulnessa1513 misery1527 miserity1533 mishappinessa1542 unwealfulnessa1555 tribulance1575 miserableness1613 agony1621 desolatenessa1626 unblissa1628 unhappiness1722 misère1791 shadow1855 valley1882 miz1918 1621 M. Wroth Countesse of Mountgomeries Urania 375 I was in an Agony to see it, my bloud rise, and all my senses were sensible but of disorder. 1643 Mercurius Brit. No. 10. 76 This Rosa Solis of Intelligence to comfort them in their agony of ill news. 1797 Sporting Mag. Dec. 154/1 A woman of fashion, after losing her money, has sat writhing in all the agonies of bad luck. 1837 J. C. Neal Charcoal Sketches 124 He must commence the play hawfully, and keep piling on the hagony till the close. 1839 F. Marryat Diary in Amer. II. 235 I do think he piled the agony up a little too high in that last scene. 1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Let. 23 Oct. (1956) IV. 111 We shall soon be in the agonies of moving. 1895 Argosy Dec. 227/1 It will spare us the agony of suspense. 1921 U. Sinclair Bk. of Life ii. xxvii. 186 To me it was always an agony of boredom to lie on a bed and wiggle my abdomen for a quarter of an hour. 1932 ‘L. G. Gibbon’ Sunset Song 37 Then up he'd get on the platform, the doitered old fool, and recite Weeeee, sss-leek-ed, ccccccowering timrous beastie or such-like poem and it was fair agony to hear him. 1953 M. Irwin Elizabeth & Prince of Spain xx. 201 She could sit still no longer, all her nerves were jangled in an agony of indecision. 1988 J. Trollope Choir v. 79 Speech Day was approaching, and the thrice annual agony of reports. 2008 C. Tiernan On Back of Other Side xxxii. 493 ‘Ascot! We shan't have to go to Ascot and tramp around watching silly old horse races!’ Maud was piling on the agony for Mamma. b. With adjective or of indicating the sensation or emotion: intense pleasure bordering on pain; an instance of this, a paroxysm of such pleasure. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > [noun] > intensity or paroxysm of pleasure agony1642 1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. A7^v Which in their sprights, may cause sweet agony, And thrill their bodies through with pleasing dart. 1668 Bp. E. Hopkins Vanity of World 102 The soul..reaches after God, and falls into an agony of Joy and desire inconceivably mixt together. 1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey III. x. 492 With cries and agonies of wild delight. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones IV. xviii. x. 312 The first Agonies of Joy which were felt on both Sides, are indeed beyond my Power to describe. View more context for this quotation 1814 S. E. Brydges Occas. Poems 3 Raise thy young hopes to agony of joy, Then hell-like laugh, as their cold blights destroy! 1877 M. Oliphant Makers of Florence (ed. 2) v. 138 He struck the marble in an agony of pleasure and content, bidding it ‘Speak!’ 1919 Los Angeles School Jrnl. 8 Sept. 18 You will experience all those exquisite agonies that go with immortalizing one's self in print. The cerebration involved is truly exhilarating. 1961 H. Swados Nights in Gardens of Brooklyn (1970) 111 He squirmed about in a slow agony of pleasure. 2003 D. Gilb Gritos Introd. p. xv A grito is most known when mariachis sing, that loud, extemporaneous howl of triumph, or the sad—and loud, it has to be loud—lament of love lost, the orgasmic agony of love found. c. Chiefly poetic. A thing in agony; something resulting from or expressive of agony; a scene of agony. ΚΠ 1889 ‘M. Twain’ Connecticut Yankee 202 The first draft or original agony of the wail ‘In the Sweet Bye and Bye’. a1918 W. Owen Coll. Poems (1963) 48 Watching, we hear the mad gusts on the wire, Like twitching agonies of men among its brambles. 1924 R. Campbell Flaming Terrapin ii. 25 The mountains frown, Locked in their tetanous agonies of stone. 1932 W. B. Yeats Words for Music 2 Dying into a dance, An agony of trance, An agony of flame that cannot singe a sleeve. 1961 A. S. Downer Recent Amer. Drama (1964) 12 The Job scenes..were directed as a kind of baroque agony, with characters writhing on the floor and careening about on hands and knees. II. Senses with emphasis on action (though usually with overtones of branch I.). 6. A struggle, a contest. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > [noun] > an act or instance of flitec1000 strifea1225 wara1300 pulla1400 lakec1420 contenta1450 stour?c1450 contentiona1500 pingle1543 agony1555 feudc1565 combat1567 skirmish1576 grapple1604 counter-scuffle1628 scuffle1641 agon1649 tug1660 tug of war1677 risse1684 struggle1692 palaver1707 hash1789 warsle1792 scrabble1794 set-to1794 go1823 bucklea1849 wrestle1850 tussle1857 head-to-head1884 scrum1905 battleground1931 shoot-out1953 mud-wrestle1986 1555 E. Bonner Profitable & Necessarye Doctryne sig. Ee.ii^v Such as..haue been by penaunce restored agayne to y^e sayde grace, and therevpon by thys sacramente are strenghethened and conforted in theyr agonye and fight agaynste the deuyll. 1560 J. Knox Answer Great Nomber Blasphemous Cauillations 301 The agonye & battel which he susteined, fighting as it were against gods iudgementes. 1660 E. Waterhouse Disc. Arms & Armory 103 The Greeks in their..athletary agonies. 1769 S. Hopkins True State of Unregenerate i. vii. 89 He calls the latter the good fight, to distinguish it from that fight or agony which the word originally signified. 1833 T. De Quincey Cæsars in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Jan. 51/2 He was most truly in an agony, according to the original meaning of that word; for the conflict was great between two master principles of his nature. 1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia V. xviii. ii. 38 Which lasted..above three hours; and was the crisis, or essential agony, of the Battle. 1893 R. M. Hughes Gen. Johnston App. 319 All noble strength partakes of the wrestler's agony. 2005 J. K. Olick In House of Hangman i. 21 The numerous debates..about the meaning of National Socialism for German identity, it seems to me, formed a series of agonies—in the classical sense of struggles—within and constituting a wider arena of political culture and collective memory. Phrases P1. transitive. to prolong the (also one's) agony [after French prolonger son agonie (1708 or earlier), prolonger l'agonie (1716 or earlier), etc.] : to protract an uncomfortable situation or experience, esp. knowingly and needlessly; to keep in suspense. ΚΠ 1786 tr. Marquis de Langle Sentimental Journey through Spain I. 45 When a felon is sentenced..it is shameful to prolong his agony [Fr. il est odieux de prolonger son agonie]. 1846 tr. A. Dumas Count of Monte-Cristo II. li. 382 Count, you prolong my agony [Fr. Comte, vous prolongez mon agonie]. 1917 N.Y. Times Current Hist.: European War 10 131 To prolong the agony all round, they [sc. German soliders in occupied France] worked by districts—never saying on which night each district would be taken. 1956 M. Dickens Angel in Corner viii. 115 He's finished what he came to do over here, and he has to get back... So don't think you can prolong the agony that way. 1986 N.Y. Post 9 July 46 I won't prolong the agony. All except Gary Shilling got it awfully wrong. 1995 B. Obama Dreams from my Father (2004) ix. 169 The corporation was preparing to get out of the steelmaking business, he said, and wage concessions would only prolong the agony. P2. to pile on the agony: see pile v.² 4b. Compounds agony aunt n. chiefly British an editor (actually or supposedly female) of an agony column (agony column n. (b)); (in extended use) an adviser on personal, psychological, etc., problems. ΘΚΠ society > communication > journalism > journalist > [noun] > sentimental or advice writer sob sister1912 Lonelyhearts1933 Miss Lonelyhearts1933 agony aunt1974 the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > [noun] > adviser or counsellor > as an occupation adviser1877 counsellor1940 genetic counsellor1952 agony auntie1972 agony aunt1974 1974 Guardian 19 Sept. 13/2 High on the list of the society's bêtes noires is the teenage magazine Petticoat and its agony aunt, Claire Rayner. 1984 S. Townsend Growing Pains Adrian Mole 19 I can't go on like this. I have written to Auntie Clara, the Agony Aunt. 2010 Daily Tel. 8 June 21/2 In her one-woman show, agony aunt Virginia Ironside says grandchildren are God's reward for not killing your children. agony auntie n. chiefly British = agony aunt n. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > [noun] > adviser or counsellor > as an occupation adviser1877 counsellor1940 genetic counsellor1952 agony auntie1972 agony aunt1974 1972 Times 27 Apr. 3/1 Pleas for help from young and old made to 'agony aunties' of magazines and newspapers, show that our established welfare institutions often fail to meet a personal, intimate human need. 1979 R. Kent Aunt Agony Advises xii. 265 Perhaps a university should start an agony auntie course. 2008 S. Taylor Dear Rita xx. 232 Look, babe, let me be the agony auntie for a change, 'cause you're not doing such a good job of advising yourself. agony column n. (a) a column of a newspaper that contains personal advertisements, esp. for missing relatives or friends or for new relationships; cf. personal column n. at personal adj., n., and adv. Compounds; (b) a regular newspaper or magazine feature containing readers' questions about personal difficulties, with replies from the columnist; cf. problem page n. at problem n. Compounds 1c. ΘΚΠ society > communication > journalism > journal > parts and layout of journals > [noun] > specific columns > for adverts, e.g. about missing people agony column1854 society > communication > journalism > journal > parts and layout of journals > [noun] > specific columns > for readers' questions about problems agony column1854 advice column1864 1854 Courier 28 Mar. 50/3 In time,..it would be as much sought after, and as eagerly read, as the 'agony column' of the Times. 1881 W. Black Beautiful Wretch III. xxiii. 8 There was a clamour of contention and advice among guardians and friends; there were anonymous appeals to the runaways in agony-columns. 1928 G. H. Danton Germany Ten Years After (1971) vi. 269 The pruriency and lubricity of the advertisements probably sell the magazine to the sex-starved, of whom, judging from the ‘agony columns’ of the journals, Germany has its full quota. 1975 P. Makins Evelyn Home Story xiv. 158 The actual writing style of agony columns has changed quite noticeably over the years. 1997 Sunday Times 26 Oct. (News Review section) 6/3 The received wisdom, recounted ad nauseam in the agony columns of magazines and the annals of social research, is that divorce is cruel to children. agony uncle n. an editor (actually or supposedly male) of an agony column (agony column n. (b)); also in extended use; cf. agony aunt n. ΚΠ 1981 Times 14 Dec. 6/4 (heading) Phillip Hodson: letters to an agony uncle. 1991 Gay Times Mar. 98/1 Worried about promiscuity? Concerned about a domestic situation? Write to GT's Agony Uncle. 2006 L. Newbery Catcall (2008) 111 It was a bit much, having to be Floss's agony uncle. I'd got enough problems of my own. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1384
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