commendationn.

/kɒmɛnˈdeɪʃən/

Forms: Middle English commendaciun, Middle English co(m)mendacioun, Middle English–1500s co(m)mendacion, co(m)mendacyo(u)n, 1500s co(m)mendatioun, 1500s– commendation.

Etymology: < Old French commendation, -cion, < Latin commendātiōn-em , noun of action < commendāre : see commend v. The order in which the senses appear in English is not that of the actual development in Latin and French.

I. General sense: The action of commending.

†1. Giving in charge, entrusting, committal.In general sense rare, but sense 6 (specialized from this) represents the earliest use of the word.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > entrusting to another's care or keeping

fastingeOE

recommendation1483

commendation1583

committance1593

commitment1602

entrustment1634

entrusting1642

betrust1656

committal1802

1583 H. Platt Diuerse New Exper. (1594) 69 Verie carefull in the commendation of any secrete to his friend.

a. The expression of approval, recommendation.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > [noun]

lofeOE

heryingc897

lovingeOE

hereworda1100

pricec1225

laudc1384

magnifyingc1384

allowancec1390

loange1390

lof-wordc1390

roosec1390

commendation1393

commendinga1400

presa1400

commendmentc1400

praisea1425

roosinga1425

lauding1489

lovage1489

laudationa1500

magnificationa1500

predication1528

extolling1558

advancement1564

celebrating1573

plauda1593

applause1600

extolment1604

panegyric1613

collaudation1623

commendatinga1625

say-well1629

renown1631

euge1658

extollation1661

eulogy1725

acclaim1759

eulogism1761

encomium1785

eulogium1803

commemoration1823

glorification1850

laudification1890

bualadh bos1908

kudos to ——1936

1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 145 A tale..Of trouthe in commendacion.

c1400 Rom. Rose 4890 He preyseth Eelde..And more of commendacioun Than youthe in his discripcioun.

1509 J. Fisher Mornynge Remembraunce Countesse of Rychemonde (de Worde) sig. Aii In the fyrst shall stonde her prayse & commendacyon.

a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) i. ii. 253 You haue deseru'd High commendation, true applause, and loue.

1681 J. Dryden Absalom & Achitophel To Rdr. sig. Aii The Commendation of Adversaries, is the greatest Triumph.

1757 S. Johnson Let. 24 Dec. (1992) I. 157 I remember with great pleasure your commendation of my dictionary.

1876 J. H. Newman Hist. Sketches I. iii. ii. 313 Mentioned..in terms of high commendation.

b. with a and plural.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > [noun] > an instance, act, or expression of

commendation1535

good words1535

suffrage1566

commend1606

exalt1607

commendatory1641

exaltation1650

back-pat1894

cheerleading1902

rave1926

rap1939

bouquet1955

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ecclus. xxvi. Contents, A commendacion and prayse of a good honest woman.

1553 R. Eden in tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India Ded. sig. aaij^v If honest commendacions be a iust reward dew to noble enterprises.

1781 S. Johnson Congreve in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets VI. 21 Neither soliciting flattery by publick commendations, nor provoking enmity by malignant criticism.

1851 H. W. Longfellow Golden Legend iv. 181 Their commendations lag behind the truth.

†c. plural = Renown, credit, repute. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > good repute > [noun]

nameOE

wordOE

honestya1382

rumoura1387

recommendation1433

wealc1500

wellc1500

credit1529

repute1598

renowna1616

recommends1623

commendation1631

character1649

merit1752

stock1930

1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 433 With singular commendations hee had serued..in the French warres.

1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. iii. 56 Another sort of Steel of higher commendations than any of the foregoing sorts.

a1680 J. Bargrave Pope Alexander VII (1867) i. xlvii. 84 Intrusted..with..considerable offices, which he discharged to his commendations.

d. (See quot. 1823).

ΚΠ

1823 tr. Sismondi's Lit. Eur. (1846) II. xxx. 311 To these different kinds of dramatic performances was added a kind of prologue, called a commendation.

3. Recommendation of a person to the favourable notice or attention of another. Also in letter of commendation.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > recommendation > [noun]

commend1488

recommendation1546

commendation1555

commendment1601

motioning1620

commendo1628

commendinga1661

testimonializing1891

society > law > legal document > authenticating document > [noun] > document certifying bearer > letter of credence or commendation

letter of credence?a1400

letter testimonial1425

credential letter1433

letter of credit1552

commendatory letter or epistle1555

letter of commendation1555

testimonial1571

fiduciary1593

letter of reference1616

credential1656

creditive letter1662

creditive1670

reference1818

1555 R. Eden tr. Coppie of Bull in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 173 This letter of owre commendation.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) ii. iv. 77 Come..With Commendation from great Potentates.

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iv. iii. 82 The Duke hath offered him Letters of commendations to the King.

1829 R. Southey Oliver Newman v The Governor said..His commendation, sir, shall have its weight.

1871 H. Alabaster Wheel of Law 277 The courtesy our letter of commendation demands from him.

4. (gen. in plural) Remembrances sent to those at a distance; respects, compliments, greetings. archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > [noun] > remembrance or greetings sent

recommendation1427

commend1488

commendation1529

complement1578

recado1615

remembrances1631

compliment1733

1529 T. Wolsey in W. B. Scoones Four Cent. Eng. Lett. 10 Aftyr my moste herty commendacions.

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie i. sig. B8 The maner of commendations (which with vs is reteyned for an order of Salutation or greetinge)..customably is deliuered in this forme. After our harty commendations vnto your L.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) ii. ii. 95 Mistresse Page hath her heartie commendations to you to.

1688 in Pennsylvania Arch. (1852) I. 106 After Our very hearty Commendations, It having pleased Almighty God, about Ten of the Clock this morning, to bless his ma^ty and His Royal Consort the Queene, with the Birth of a hopefull Son.

1823 W. Scott Peveril I. vii. 174 Her uneasiness..was removed, by the arrival of Whitaker, with her husband's commendations.

†5. A thing that recommends, a recommendation.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > recommendation > [noun] > a recommendation

commend1488

commendation1538

recommendc1550

sanction1791

1538 Bale God's Promises iii, in W. C. Hazlitt Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1874) I. 302 Let me show forth thy commendations free.

1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 54^v It was thought a greate commendation for a younge scholler to make an Oration extempore.

1693 J. Dryden Disc. conc. Satire in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires p. iii Good Nature, the most God-like Commendation of a Man.

1694 J. Collier Misc. iii. 3 The want of Tools and Materials, if the Model is answered, is a Commendation to the Workman.

II. Special senses.

a. Liturgical (gen. in plural; also Commendation of Souls). An office originally ending with the prayer Tibi, Domine, commendamus, in which the souls of the dead were commended to God; said both before their burial, and in anniversary or commemorative services. In colleges: see quot. 1709.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > religious rites > [noun] > commendation of souls

commendation?c1225

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 21 Inþe mareȝen oðer in nicht efter þe suffragies of vchtsong. seggeð commendaciun.

c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 191 Placebo & dirige & comendacion & matynes of oure lady ordeyned of synful men.

1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 12 Whan this vigilye was don and the commendacion, she was leyde in the pytte.

1545 Primer Kynges Maiestie (STC 16034) Contents The Letany. The Dirige. The Commendations. The Psalmes of the passion.

1546 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 31 To say Masse Dirige and Comendacions in the saide Chapell for the sowle of the saide Founder and all Christien sowlez.

1709 J. Strype Ann. Reformation xviii. 224 There was also in Popish times an office used in the colleges at certain times of the year, for the commendations of their benefactors..Now [1560]..was added a reformed Latin commendation of them..a prayer Domine Deus, etc...instead of this prayer in the popish office of commendations, viz. Tibi Domine commendamus.

1849–53 D. Rock Church of our Fathers II. 476.

b. = Commendatory prayer.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > prayer > kinds of prayer > [noun] > for the dying

commendatory prayer1661

recommendatory prayer1694

commendation1885

1885 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) 198/2 Commendation of the soul (Ordo commendationis animæ, a form of prayer for the dying contained in the Roman Ritual.

7. Feudal Law. The cession by a freeman of himself and his lands to the personal protection of a feudal lord.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > [noun] > commendation to a lord

commendation1818

society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > [noun] > tenure in feu > cession of lands to feudal lord

commendation1818

1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages I. ii. 120 Besides the relation..by beneficiary grants, there was another more personal..called commendation.

1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. ii. 60 This commendation of Scotland to the West-Saxon King.

1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 2) I. v. 79 note The practice of commendation in England was generally the result of the police organisation.

8. Christian Church. The giving of benefices in commendam; also, the condition of a commendam.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > benefice > kinds of benefice > [noun] > commendam > holding of

commendam1570

commendatorship1861

commendation1883

society > faith > worship > benefice > kinds of benefice > [noun] > commendam > giving of

commendation1883

1883 Pall Mall Gaz. 16 Feb. 4/1 The Pope..punished them by putting the monastery into commendation.

1885 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) 198/2 at Commenda Since the destruction of Church property which recent times have witnessed, the practice of commendation has greatly dwindled, if not wholly ceased, throughout Europe.

Compounds

General attributive.

† commendation ninepence n. Obsolete a bent nine-penny piece used as a love-token.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > love > amorous love > [noun] > love-token or love-gift > bent nine-penny piece used as love-token

commendation ninepence1663

1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 37 Like Commendation Nine-pence, crookt With to and from my Love, it lookt. [Cf. Gay Sheph. Wk. v. 129.]

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	commendation
释义	commendationn. /kɒmɛnˈdeɪʃən/ Forms: Middle English commendaciun, Middle English co(m)mendacioun, Middle English–1500s co(m)mendacion, co(m)mendacyo(u)n, 1500s co(m)mendatioun, 1500s– commendation. Etymology: < Old French commendation, -cion, < Latin commendātiōn-em , noun of action < commendāre : see commend v. The order in which the senses appear in English is not that of the actual development in Latin and French. I. General sense: The action of commending. †1. Giving in charge, entrusting, committal.In general sense rare, but sense 6 (specialized from this) represents the earliest use of the word. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > entrusting to another's care or keeping fastingeOE recommendation1483 commendation1583 committance1593 commitment1602 entrustment1634 entrusting1642 betrust1656 committal1802 1583 H. Platt Diuerse New Exper. (1594) 69 Verie carefull in the commendation of any secrete to his friend. 2. a. The expression of approval, recommendation. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > [noun] lofeOE heryingc897 lovingeOE hereworda1100 pricec1225 laudc1384 magnifyingc1384 allowancec1390 loange1390 lof-wordc1390 roosec1390 commendation1393 commendinga1400 presa1400 commendmentc1400 praisea1425 roosinga1425 lauding1489 lovage1489 laudationa1500 magnificationa1500 predication1528 extolling1558 advancement1564 celebrating1573 plauda1593 applause1600 extolment1604 panegyric1613 collaudation1623 commendatinga1625 say-well1629 renown1631 euge1658 extollation1661 eulogy1725 acclaim1759 eulogism1761 encomium1785 eulogium1803 commemoration1823 glorification1850 laudification1890 bualadh bos1908 kudos to ——1936 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 145 A tale..Of trouthe in commendacion. c1400 Rom. Rose 4890 He preyseth Eelde..And more of commendacioun Than youthe in his discripcioun. 1509 J. Fisher Mornynge Remembraunce Countesse of Rychemonde (de Worde) sig. Aii In the fyrst shall stonde her prayse & commendacyon. a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) i. ii. 253 You haue deseru'd High commendation, true applause, and loue. View more context for this quotation 1681 J. Dryden Absalom & Achitophel To Rdr. sig. Aii The Commendation of Adversaries, is the greatest Triumph. 1757 S. Johnson Let. 24 Dec. (1992) I. 157 I remember with great pleasure your commendation of my dictionary. 1876 J. H. Newman Hist. Sketches I. iii. ii. 313 Mentioned..in terms of high commendation. b. with a and plural. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > [noun] > an instance, act, or expression of commendation1535 good words1535 suffrage1566 commend1606 exalt1607 commendatory1641 exaltation1650 back-pat1894 cheerleading1902 rave1926 rap1939 bouquet1955 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ecclus. xxvi. Contents, A commendacion and prayse of a good honest woman. 1553 R. Eden in tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India Ded. sig. aaij^v If honest commendacions be a iust reward dew to noble enterprises. 1781 S. Johnson Congreve in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets VI. 21 Neither soliciting flattery by publick commendations, nor provoking enmity by malignant criticism. 1851 H. W. Longfellow Golden Legend iv. 181 Their commendations lag behind the truth. †c. plural = Renown, credit, repute. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > good repute > [noun] nameOE wordOE honestya1382 rumoura1387 recommendation1433 wealc1500 wellc1500 credit1529 repute1598 renowna1616 recommends1623 commendation1631 character1649 merit1752 stock1930 1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 433 With singular commendations hee had serued..in the French warres. 1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. iii. 56 Another sort of Steel of higher commendations than any of the foregoing sorts. a1680 J. Bargrave Pope Alexander VII (1867) i. xlvii. 84 Intrusted..with..considerable offices, which he discharged to his commendations. d. (See quot. 1823). ΚΠ 1823 tr. Sismondi's Lit. Eur. (1846) II. xxx. 311 To these different kinds of dramatic performances was added a kind of prologue, called a commendation. 3. Recommendation of a person to the favourable notice or attention of another. Also in letter of commendation. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > recommendation > [noun] commend1488 recommendation1546 commendation1555 commendment1601 motioning1620 commendo1628 commendinga1661 testimonializing1891 society > law > legal document > authenticating document > [noun] > document certifying bearer > letter of credence or commendation letter of credence?a1400 letter testimonial1425 credential letter1433 letter of credit1552 commendatory letter or epistle1555 letter of commendation1555 testimonial1571 fiduciary1593 letter of reference1616 credential1656 creditive letter1662 creditive1670 reference1818 1555 R. Eden tr. Coppie of Bull in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 173 This letter of owre commendation. a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) ii. iv. 77 Come..With Commendation from great Potentates. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iv. iii. 82 The Duke hath offered him Letters of commendations to the King. View more context for this quotation 1829 R. Southey Oliver Newman v The Governor said..His commendation, sir, shall have its weight. 1871 H. Alabaster Wheel of Law 277 The courtesy our letter of commendation demands from him. 4. (gen. in plural) Remembrances sent to those at a distance; respects, compliments, greetings. archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > [noun] > remembrance or greetings sent recommendation1427 commend1488 commendation1529 complement1578 recado1615 remembrances1631 compliment1733 1529 T. Wolsey in W. B. Scoones Four Cent. Eng. Lett. 10 Aftyr my moste herty commendacions. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie i. sig. B8 The maner of commendations (which with vs is reteyned for an order of Salutation or greetinge)..customably is deliuered in this forme. After our harty commendations vnto your L. a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) ii. ii. 95 Mistresse Page hath her heartie commendations to you to. View more context for this quotation 1688 in Pennsylvania Arch. (1852) I. 106 After Our very hearty Commendations, It having pleased Almighty God, about Ten of the Clock this morning, to bless his ma^ty and His Royal Consort the Queene, with the Birth of a hopefull Son. 1823 W. Scott Peveril I. vii. 174 Her uneasiness..was removed, by the arrival of Whitaker, with her husband's commendations. †5. A thing that recommends, a recommendation. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > recommendation > [noun] > a recommendation commend1488 commendation1538 recommendc1550 sanction1791 1538 Bale God's Promises iii, in W. C. Hazlitt Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1874) I. 302 Let me show forth thy commendations free. 1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 54^v It was thought a greate commendation for a younge scholler to make an Oration extempore. 1693 J. Dryden Disc. conc. Satire in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires p. iii Good Nature, the most God-like Commendation of a Man. 1694 J. Collier Misc. iii. 3 The want of Tools and Materials, if the Model is answered, is a Commendation to the Workman. II. Special senses. 6. a. Liturgical (gen. in plural; also Commendation of Souls). An office originally ending with the prayer Tibi, Domine, commendamus, in which the souls of the dead were commended to God; said both before their burial, and in anniversary or commemorative services. In colleges: see quot. 1709. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > religious rites > [noun] > commendation of souls commendation?c1225 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 21 Inþe mareȝen oðer in nicht efter þe suffragies of vchtsong. seggeð commendaciun. c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 191 Placebo & dirige & comendacion & matynes of oure lady ordeyned of synful men. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 12 Whan this vigilye was don and the commendacion, she was leyde in the pytte. 1545 Primer Kynges Maiestie (STC 16034) Contents The Letany. The Dirige. The Commendations. The Psalmes of the passion. 1546 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 31 To say Masse Dirige and Comendacions in the saide Chapell for the sowle of the saide Founder and all Christien sowlez. 1709 J. Strype Ann. Reformation xviii. 224 There was also in Popish times an office used in the colleges at certain times of the year, for the commendations of their benefactors..Now [1560]..was added a reformed Latin commendation of them..a prayer Domine Deus, etc...instead of this prayer in the popish office of commendations, viz. Tibi Domine commendamus. 1849–53 D. Rock Church of our Fathers II. 476. b. = Commendatory prayer. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > prayer > kinds of prayer > [noun] > for the dying commendatory prayer1661 recommendatory prayer1694 commendation1885 1885 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) 198/2 Commendation of the soul (Ordo commendationis animæ, a form of prayer for the dying contained in the Roman Ritual. 7. Feudal Law. The cession by a freeman of himself and his lands to the personal protection of a feudal lord. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > [noun] > commendation to a lord commendation1818 society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > [noun] > tenure in feu > cession of lands to feudal lord commendation1818 1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages I. ii. 120 Besides the relation..by beneficiary grants, there was another more personal..called commendation. 1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. ii. 60 This commendation of Scotland to the West-Saxon King. 1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 2) I. v. 79 note The practice of commendation in England was generally the result of the police organisation. 8. Christian Church. The giving of benefices in commendam; also, the condition of a commendam. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > benefice > kinds of benefice > [noun] > commendam > holding of commendam1570 commendatorship1861 commendation1883 society > faith > worship > benefice > kinds of benefice > [noun] > commendam > giving of commendation1883 1883 Pall Mall Gaz. 16 Feb. 4/1 The Pope..punished them by putting the monastery into commendation. 1885 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) 198/2 at Commenda Since the destruction of Church property which recent times have witnessed, the practice of commendation has greatly dwindled, if not wholly ceased, throughout Europe. Compounds General attributive. † commendation ninepence n. Obsolete a bent nine-penny piece used as a love-token. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > amorous love > [noun] > love-token or love-gift > bent nine-penny piece used as love-token commendation ninepence1663 1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 37 Like Commendation Nine-pence, crookt With to and from my Love, it lookt. [Cf. Gay Sheph. Wk. v. 129.] This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.?c1225
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