commencev.

Brit.

/kəˈmɛns/, U.S.

/kəˈmɛns/

Forms: Middle English comence, com(m)enci, Middle English comens, Middle English–1600s commense, Middle English– commence. Also Middle English syncopated form comse v., cumse.

Etymology: Middle English comence , < Old French cumencer, comencer, = Provençal comensar , -char , Spanish comenzar , Portuguese começar , Italian cominciare , Old Italian comenzar < late Latin type *cominitiāre (whence comintiāre , cominzāre ), < com- intensive + initiāre to begin (in Milanese inzà ): see initiate v. The doubling of the m in modern French and English is etymologically unfounded. Already in the 12th cent. it was construed in Old French as transitive, intransitive, and with à, and so it appears in English from the first. The word is precisely equivalent to the native begin (which was however originally intransitive); begin is preferred in ordinary use; commence has more formal associations with law and procedure, combat, divine service, and ceremonial, in which it continues earlier Anglo-Norman use.

a. transitive. To begin (an action); to enter upon; esp. in legal use, to commence an action, to commence a suit, to commence proceedings, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin or enter upon (an action) [verb (transitive)]

beginc1000

take?a1160

comsea1225

gina1325

commencec1330

tamec1386

to take upa1400

enterc1510

to stand to1567

incept1569

start1570

to set into ——1591

initiate1604

imprime1637

to get to ——1655

flesh1695

to start on ——1885

c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 2008 Þat fiȝt he wil comenci.

15.. New Not-broune Mayd But I commence Afore clemence, For man myne accyon.

1598 R. Hakluyt tr. King Richard II in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) I. 151 All actions which may or shall be commenced by occasion of the sayd goods arrested.

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. i. 4 New broiles To be commencte in stronds a far remote.

1696 N. Tate & N. Brady New Version Psalms of David civ. 23 Commencing with the Sun his Toil.

1814 R. Southey Roderick viii Commencing his adventurous flight.

1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. ii. 160 In May, the proceedings were commenced.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. xi. 291 On the following morning we commenced the ascent of Mont Blanc.

b. with vbl. n. in -ing suffix¹.

ΚΠ

1797 S. T. Coleridge Biogr. Lit. (1847) II. 314 He commenced being a severe and ardent student.

1850 D. G. Mitchell Reveries of Bachelor 159 I commence crying aloud.

a1873 J. S. Mill Autobiogr. 9 I commenced learning Latin.

c. with ordinary object (before which some verbal noun may be supplied).

ΚΠ

1755 T. Amory Mem. Ladies 335 That she may commence the joy of angels, and of blessed spirits before hand.

1873 Newman in H. W. Wilberforce Ch. & Emp. (1874) 6 He alse took measures for commencing a new church at Lower Walmer.

2. intransitive with infinitive. To begin to do anything [Old French cumencer à] .This construction has been objected to by stylists, who prefer begin before to. Cf.

1862 G. P. Marsh Lect. Eng. Lang. (new ed.) viii. 127.

1873 F. Hall Mod. Eng. 215.

1876 C. M. Yonge Womankind vi. 40.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin action or activity [verb (intransitive)]

beginc1000

onginOE

aginOE

ginc1175

to go tillc1175

to take onc1175

comsea1225

fanga1225

to go toc1275

i-ginc1275

commencec1320

to get (also get down, go, go adown, set, set down) to workc1400

to lay to one's hand(sc1405

to put to one's hand (also hands)c1410

to set toc1425

standa1450

to make to1563

to fall to it1570

to start out1574

to fall to1577

to run upon ——1581

to break off1591

start1607

to set in1608

to set to one's hands1611

to put toa1616

to fall ona1625

in1633

to fall aboard1642

auspicatea1670

to set out1693

to enter (into) the fray1698

open1708

to start in1737

inchoate1767

to set off1774

go1780

start1785

to on with1843

to kick off1857

to start in on1859

to steam up1860

to push off1909

to cut loose1923

to get (also put) the show on the road1941

to get one's arse in gear1948

c1320 Orfeo 247 Thei it commenci to snewe and frese.

c1325 Lai le Freine 264 And comenced to loue hir anon~right.

1742 A. Pope New Dunciad 149 To ask, to guess, to know, as they commence, As Fancy opens the quick springs of Sense.

1817 W. Beloe Sexagenarian I. 161.

1824 W. S. Landor Wks. (1853) I. 146 The barbarians have commenced..to furbish their professions and vocations with rather whimsical skirts and linings.

1842 F. E. Paget Milford Malvoisin 129.

1858 Sat. Rev. 5 270/2 The landholders..commenced to plunder indiscriminately.

1859 Sat. Rev. 8 315/2.

1868 A. Helps Realmah I. i. 4 And now I shall commence to tell who I am.

1871 E. Bulwer-Lytton Coming Race (ed. 6) 139 Commenced to exist.

1875 W. S. Jevons Money 48 The Russian government..commenced to coin it.

a. intransitive. To make a start or beginning; to come into operation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin action or activity [verb (intransitive)] > become active or come into operation

to take steadc1175

commencec1380

to take effect1385

to come into force (also to take force)1491

to come into (also in) play1568

inure1589

enure1607

to break out1862

to make with ——1940

bite1976

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > beginning > begin [verb (intransitive)]

beginc1000

comsea1225

gin?c1225

becomsea1375

commencec1380

to take beginninga1400

enterc1425

to start up1568

initiatea1618

inchoate1654

dawn1716

to take in1845

to take up1846

to set in1848

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 986 Þan comencede a batail newe by-twene þes hostes two.

1601 W. Shakespeare Phoenix & Turtle in R. Chester Loves Martyr 170 Here the Antheme doth commence.

1697 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) IV. 217 The act for regulating priviledg'd places being to commence the 1st of May.

1742 A. Pope New Dunciad 63 But soon, ah soon Rebellion will commence, If Musick meanly borrows aid from Sense.

1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. II. 66 Hostilities were now to commence.

1876 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People ii. 106 The fabric of our judicial legislation commences with the Assize of Clarendon.

b. with complement, expressing vocation, status, etc.: to begin to be or with being; to start or set up as; to become. archaic. (Cf. the complemental construction with 4, which may be earlier.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > initiate [verb (intransitive)] > establish > establish oneself in a career

to set up for oneself1622

commence1642

1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. xvi. 109 Young scholars..commence Schoolmasters in the countrey.

1647 N. Ward Simple Cobler Aggawam 10 Any man may commence Heretique per saltum.

1781 S. Johnson Akenside in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets X. 7 He first commenced physician at Northampton.

1834 R. Southey Doctor I. 136 The time..when pig is to commence..bacon.

1873 F. Hall Mod. Eng. 103 It is far too common, now-a-days, for young men, directly on being made free of a magazine, or of a newspaper, to commence word-coiners.

1883 A. Dobson Fielding 5 Who had already commenced poet as an Eton boy. [For additional quots. and references see F. Hall Rec. Exemplif. False Philol. (1872) 38–39.]

c. with adj. complement. Also of things. ? Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > beginning > begin with [verb (transitive)] > begin or set up as

commence1710

1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 187. ⁋1 We are still at a Loss how we afterwards commence eternal.

?1770 J. Wesley Serm. Several Occasions (ed. 2) III. 251 The wandering Thoughts..then commence sinful.

c1772 J. W. Fletcher Fifth Check in Wks. (1795) III. 266 When faith gives over working..it commences a dead faith.

a1800 W. Jones Theol. & Misc. Wks. I. 145 He, too, is thence~forward to commence infallible.

a. [translating medieval Latin incipere.] To take the full degree of Master or Doctor in any faculty at a University. Often with complement, to commence M.A., etc. (See also incept v., licentiate n.)At Cambridge, sometimes used of Bachelors, and in the sense of ‘to be admitted to the title of the degree after passing the examination, and before inauguration’.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > educational administration > university administration > taking degree or graduation > take degree [verb (intransitive)]

commencea1387

proceed1455

to pass master?1566

graduate1807

incept1852

to go out in the poll1889

to pass out1916

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 259 By a statute of the universite of Oxenford whan eny man is i-congyed þere to commence in eny faculte.

1388 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) Prol. xiii. 51 He..that hath comensid in art, and hath ben regent tweyne ȝeer aftir.

1573 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 2 This is mi year to commens master of art.

a1640 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) §68 65 He..read Aristotle in the University of Cambridge, where he commenced doctor.

1654 S. Ashe Funeral Serm. (1656) 50 Having commenced Bachelor of Arts.

1660 J. Gauden Mem. Bp. Brounrigg 156 The University thought itself did then commence when Mr. or Dr. Brownrig was invested with any degree of honour.

1682 G. Vernon Life P. Heylyn 57 In which year Mr. Heylyn commenc'd his Degree of Doctor in Divinity.

1714 R. Long in J. W. Clark Cambridge (1890) 81 To rig ourselves out, in order to see the Doctors commence.

1731 Magna Britannia VI. 225/2 Wadham College..where he commenced Master of Arts.

1775 S. Johnson Journey W. Islands 32 Whoever is a master may, if he pleases, immediately commence doctor.

1830 J. H. Monk Life R. Bentley i. 8 Bentley commenced Bachelor of Arts.

†b. transitive. To admit to a degree. Also absol.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > educational administration > university administration > taking degree or graduation > take degree [verb (transitive)] > confer degree on

grade1563

commence1567

grace1573

graduate1588

manumise1619

laureate1637

manumita1662

degree1865

cap1881

1567 R. Mulcaster tr. J. Fortescue Learned Commendation Lawes Eng. f. 110 Why in the same [i.e. English law] none are commenced bachelers and doctors as in other faculties.

1588 R. Parke tr. J. G. de Mendoza Hist. Kingdome of China 95 To commence or graduate such students as haue finished their course.

1588 R. Parke tr. J. G. de Mendoza Hist. Kingdome of China 97 The day appointed..for to commence or giue degrees.

c. figurative.

ΚΠ

c1430 Freemasonry 556 Throȝgh hye grace of Crist yn heven, He commensed yn the syens seven.

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. ii. 112 Learning [is] a meere whoord of gold..till sacke commences it, and sets it in act and vse.

1637 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Elder Brother i. ii. sig. B4 Come Doctor Andrew without Disputation Thou shalt commence ith' Celler.

1660 C. Ellis Gentile Sinner iv. 225 Many of our English Gentlemen do thus Commence (as it were) and take Degrees in Ignorance and Vanity.

†5.

a. to commence to, into: to begin to grow or develop to or into. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > progress or advance in an action [verb (intransitive)] > make progress or advance (of action or operation)

fremec1000

furtherc1200

profit1340

to go onc1449

grow1487

to commence to, intoa1500

framea1529

to get ground?1529

movec1540

work1566

promove1570

advance1577

devolve1579

to come on1584

progress1612

to gain ground1625

germinate1640

proceed1670

to gather ground1697

march1702

to make its way1711

to come forward1722

develop1744

to turn a wheel1864

shape1865

come1899

a1500 in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1859) II. 280 To the honoure of Ectour that he myȝte comens.

1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing 74 It may be well reckon'd among the bare Possibilities which never commence into a Futurity.

b. transitive. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare [verb (transitive)] > mature > into (something)

commence1681

the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > furtherance > further [verb (transitive)] > cause to grow or develop into

nurse1659

commence1681

grow1811

1681 Whole Duty of Nations 20 He founds his Worship..first in Abrahams Family, and from thence commences it into a National State.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	commence
释义	commencen. Etymology: < commence v.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: coˈmmence. unusual. A beginning. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > beginning > [noun] ordeOE thresholdeOE frumthc950 anginOE frumeOE worthOE beginninga1225 springc1225 springc1225 commencementc1250 ginninga1300 comsingc1325 entryc1330 aginning1340 alphac1384 incomea1400 formec1400 ingressc1420 birtha1425 principlea1449 comsementa1450 resultancec1450 inition1463 inceptiona1483 entering1526 originala1529 inchoation1530 opening1531 starting1541 principium1550 entrance1553 onset1561 rise1589 begin1590 ingate1591 overture1595 budding1601 initiationa1607 starting off1616 dawninga1631 dawn1633 impriminga1639 start1644 fall1647 initial1656 outset1664 outsettinga1698 going off1714 offsetting1782 offset1791 commence1794 aurora1806 incipiency1817 set-out1821 set-in1826 throw-off1828 go-off1830 outstart1844 start1857 incipience1864 oncome1865 kick-off1875 off-go1886 off1896 get-go1960 lift-off1967 1794 R. Southey in C. C. Southey Life & Corr. R. Southey (1849) I. 222 Here's a pretty commence! 1804 J. Kenney Matrimony ii. i Here's a pretty commence! 1808 W. B. Hewetson Blind Boy i. i I'll make a commence with some pretty genteel sort of compliment. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2019). commencev. Brit. /kəˈmɛns/, U.S. /kəˈmɛns/ Forms: Middle English comence, com(m)enci, Middle English comens, Middle English–1600s commense, Middle English– commence. Also Middle English syncopated form comse v., cumse. Etymology: Middle English comence , < Old French cumencer, comencer, = Provençal comensar , -char , Spanish comenzar , Portuguese começar , Italian cominciare , Old Italian comenzar < late Latin type cominitiāre (whence comintiāre* , cominzāre ), < com- intensive + initiāre to begin (in Milanese inzà ): see initiate v. The doubling of the m in modern French and English is etymologically unfounded. Already in the 12th cent. it was construed in Old French as transitive, intransitive, and with à, and so it appears in English from the first. The word is precisely equivalent to the native begin (which was however originally intransitive); begin is preferred in ordinary use; commence has more formal associations with law and procedure, combat, divine service, and ceremonial, in which it continues earlier Anglo-Norman use. 1. a. transitive. To begin (an action); to enter upon; esp. in legal use, to commence an action, to commence a suit, to commence proceedings, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin or enter upon (an action) [verb (transitive)] beginc1000 take?a1160 comsea1225 gina1325 commencec1330 tamec1386 to take upa1400 enterc1510 to stand to1567 incept1569 start1570 to set into ——1591 initiate1604 imprime1637 to get to ——1655 flesh1695 to start on ——1885 c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 2008 Þat fiȝt he wil comenci. 15.. New Not-broune Mayd But I commence Afore clemence, For man myne accyon. 1598 R. Hakluyt tr. King Richard II in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) I. 151 All actions which may or shall be commenced by occasion of the sayd goods arrested. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. i. 4 New broiles To be commencte in stronds a far remote. View more context for this quotation 1696 N. Tate & N. Brady New Version Psalms of David civ. 23 Commencing with the Sun his Toil. 1814 R. Southey Roderick viii Commencing his adventurous flight. 1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. ii. 160 In May, the proceedings were commenced. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. xi. 291 On the following morning we commenced the ascent of Mont Blanc. b. with vbl. n. in -ing suffix¹. ΚΠ 1797 S. T. Coleridge Biogr. Lit. (1847) II. 314 He commenced being a severe and ardent student. 1850 D. G. Mitchell Reveries of Bachelor 159 I commence crying aloud. a1873 J. S. Mill Autobiogr. 9 I commenced learning Latin. c. with ordinary object (before which some verbal noun may be supplied). ΚΠ 1755 T. Amory Mem. Ladies 335 That she may commence the joy of angels, and of blessed spirits before hand. 1873 Newman in H. W. Wilberforce Ch. & Emp. (1874) 6 He alse took measures for commencing a new church at Lower Walmer. 2. intransitive with infinitive. To begin to do anything [Old French cumencer à] .This construction has been objected to by stylists, who prefer begin before to. Cf. 1862 G. P. Marsh Lect. Eng. Lang. (new ed.) viii. 127. 1873 F. Hall Mod. Eng. 215. 1876 C. M. Yonge Womankind vi. 40. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin action or activity [verb (intransitive)] beginc1000 onginOE aginOE ginc1175 to go tillc1175 to take onc1175 comsea1225 fanga1225 to go toc1275 i-ginc1275 commencec1320 to get (also get down, go, go adown, set, set down) to workc1400 to lay to one's hand(sc1405 to put to one's hand (also hands)c1410 to set toc1425 standa1450 to make to1563 to fall to it1570 to start out1574 to fall to1577 to run upon ——1581 to break off1591 start1607 to set in1608 to set to one's hands1611 to put toa1616 to fall ona1625 in1633 to fall aboard1642 auspicatea1670 to set out1693 to enter (into) the fray1698 open1708 to start in1737 inchoate1767 to set off1774 go1780 start1785 to on with1843 to kick off1857 to start in on1859 to steam up1860 to push off1909 to cut loose1923 to get (also put) the show on the road1941 to get one's arse in gear1948 c1320 Orfeo 247 Thei it commenci to snewe and frese. c1325 Lai le Freine 264 And comenced to loue hir anon~right. 1742 A. Pope New Dunciad 149 To ask, to guess, to know, as they commence, As Fancy opens the quick springs of Sense. 1817 W. Beloe Sexagenarian I. 161. 1824 W. S. Landor Wks. (1853) I. 146 The barbarians have commenced..to furbish their professions and vocations with rather whimsical skirts and linings. 1842 F. E. Paget Milford Malvoisin 129. 1858 Sat. Rev. 5 270/2 The landholders..commenced to plunder indiscriminately. 1859 Sat. Rev. 8 315/2. 1868 A. Helps Realmah I. i. 4 And now I shall commence to tell who I am. 1871 E. Bulwer-Lytton Coming Race (ed. 6) 139 Commenced to exist. 1875 W. S. Jevons Money 48 The Russian government..commenced to coin it. 3. a. intransitive. To make a start or beginning; to come into operation. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin action or activity [verb (intransitive)] > become active or come into operation to take steadc1175 commencec1380 to take effect1385 to come into force (also to take force)1491 to come into (also in) play1568 inure1589 enure1607 to break out1862 to make with ——1940 bite1976 the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > beginning > begin [verb (intransitive)] beginc1000 comsea1225 gin?c1225 becomsea1375 commencec1380 to take beginninga1400 enterc1425 to start up1568 initiatea1618 inchoate1654 dawn1716 to take in1845 to take up1846 to set in1848 c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 986 Þan comencede a batail newe by-twene þes hostes two. 1601 W. Shakespeare Phoenix & Turtle in R. Chester Loves Martyr 170 Here the Antheme doth commence. 1697 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) IV. 217 The act for regulating priviledg'd places being to commence the 1st of May. 1742 A. Pope New Dunciad 63 But soon, ah soon Rebellion will commence, If Musick meanly borrows aid from Sense. 1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. II. 66 Hostilities were now to commence. 1876 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People ii. 106 The fabric of our judicial legislation commences with the Assize of Clarendon. b. with complement, expressing vocation, status, etc.: to begin to be or with being; to start or set up as; to become. archaic. (Cf. the complemental construction with 4, which may be earlier.) ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > initiate [verb (intransitive)] > establish > establish oneself in a career to set up for oneself1622 commence1642 1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. xvi. 109 Young scholars..commence Schoolmasters in the countrey. 1647 N. Ward Simple Cobler Aggawam 10 Any man may commence Heretique per saltum. 1781 S. Johnson Akenside in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets X. 7 He first commenced physician at Northampton. 1834 R. Southey Doctor I. 136 The time..when pig is to commence..bacon. 1873 F. Hall Mod. Eng. 103 It is far too common, now-a-days, for young men, directly on being made free of a magazine, or of a newspaper, to commence word-coiners. 1883 A. Dobson Fielding 5 Who had already commenced poet as an Eton boy. [For additional quots. and references see F. Hall Rec. Exemplif. False Philol. (1872) 38–39.] c. with adj. complement. Also of things. ? Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > beginning > begin with [verb (transitive)] > begin or set up as commence1710 1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 187. ⁋1 We are still at a Loss how we afterwards commence eternal. ?1770 J. Wesley Serm. Several Occasions (ed. 2) III. 251 The wandering Thoughts..then commence sinful. c1772 J. W. Fletcher Fifth Check in Wks. (1795) III. 266 When faith gives over working..it commences a dead faith. a1800 W. Jones Theol. & Misc. Wks. I. 145 He, too, is thence~forward to commence infallible. 4. a. [translating medieval Latin incipere.] To take the full degree of Master or Doctor in any faculty at a University. Often with complement, to commence M.A., etc. (See also incept v., licentiate n.)At Cambridge, sometimes used of Bachelors, and in the sense of ‘to be admitted to the title of the degree after passing the examination, and before inauguration’. ΘΚΠ society > education > educational administration > university administration > taking degree or graduation > take degree [verb (intransitive)] commencea1387 proceed1455 to pass master?1566 graduate1807 incept1852 to go out in the poll1889 to pass out1916 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 259 By a statute of the universite of Oxenford whan eny man is i-congyed þere to commence in eny faculte. 1388 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) Prol. xiii. 51 He..that hath comensid in art, and hath ben regent tweyne ȝeer aftir. 1573 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 2 This is mi year to commens master of art. a1640 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) §68 65 He..read Aristotle in the University of Cambridge, where he commenced doctor. 1654 S. Ashe Funeral Serm. (1656) 50 Having commenced Bachelor of Arts. 1660 J. Gauden Mem. Bp. Brounrigg 156 The University thought itself did then commence when Mr. or Dr. Brownrig was invested with any degree of honour. 1682 G. Vernon Life P. Heylyn 57 In which year Mr. Heylyn commenc'd his Degree of Doctor in Divinity. 1714 R. Long in J. W. Clark Cambridge (1890) 81 To rig ourselves out, in order to see the Doctors commence. 1731 Magna Britannia VI. 225/2 Wadham College..where he commenced Master of Arts. 1775 S. Johnson Journey W. Islands 32 Whoever is a master may, if he pleases, immediately commence doctor. 1830 J. H. Monk Life R. Bentley i. 8 Bentley commenced Bachelor of Arts. †b. transitive. To admit to a degree. Also absol. ΘΚΠ society > education > educational administration > university administration > taking degree or graduation > take degree [verb (transitive)] > confer degree on grade1563 commence1567 grace1573 graduate1588 manumise1619 laureate1637 manumita1662 degree1865 cap1881 1567 R. Mulcaster tr. J. Fortescue Learned Commendation Lawes Eng. f. 110 Why in the same [i.e. English law] none are commenced bachelers and doctors as in other faculties. 1588 R. Parke tr. J. G. de Mendoza Hist. Kingdome of China 95 To commence or graduate such students as haue finished their course. 1588 R. Parke tr. J. G. de Mendoza Hist. Kingdome of China 97 The day appointed..for to commence or giue degrees. c. figurative. ΚΠ c1430 Freemasonry 556 Throȝgh hye grace of Crist yn heven, He commensed yn the syens seven. 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. ii. 112 Learning [is] a meere whoord of gold..till sacke commences it, and sets it in act and vse. View more context for this quotation 1637 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Elder Brother i. ii. sig. B4 Come Doctor Andrew without Disputation Thou shalt commence ith' Celler. 1660 C. Ellis Gentile Sinner iv. 225 Many of our English Gentlemen do thus Commence (as it were) and take Degrees in Ignorance and Vanity. †5. a. to commence to, into: to begin to grow or develop to or into. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > progress or advance in an action [verb (intransitive)] > make progress or advance (of action or operation) fremec1000 furtherc1200 profit1340 to go onc1449 grow1487 to commence to, intoa1500 framea1529 to get ground?1529 movec1540 work1566 promove1570 advance1577 devolve1579 to come on1584 progress1612 to gain ground1625 germinate1640 proceed1670 to gather ground1697 march1702 to make its way1711 to come forward1722 develop1744 to turn a wheel1864 shape1865 come1899 a1500 in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1859) II. 280 To the honoure of Ectour that he myȝte comens. 1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing 74 It may be well reckon'd among the bare Possibilities which never commence into a Futurity. b. transitive. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare [verb (transitive)] > mature > into (something) commence1681 the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > furtherance > further [verb (transitive)] > cause to grow or develop into nurse1659 commence1681 grow1811 1681 Whole Duty of Nations 20 He founds his Worship..first in Abrahams Family, and from thence commences it into a National State. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1794v.c1320
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commencen.

commencev.