commissariatn.

Brit.

/ˌkɒmᵻˈsɛːrɪət/, U.S.

/ˌkɑməˈsɛriət/

Forms:

α. 1700s– commissariat, 1700s– commissariate (chiefly in sense 1b); Scottish pre-1700 comissariat, pre-1700 commissariate, pre-1700 1700s– commissariat.

β. (Scottish, in sense 1a) pre-1700 comisariot, pre-1700 1700s– commissariot.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin commissariatus.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin commissariatus commissary court (from 1352 in British sources), office of commissary (of the Marches) (1438, 1470 in British sources) < commissarius commissary n.¹ + classical Latin -ātus -ate suffix¹.Compare French commissariat place where the commissary conducts its business (1752), office of the commissary (1789), administrative department (1844). Compare also Spanish comisariato (1876), Italian commissariato (1547). In sense 1b after German Kommissariat (a1599). In sense 3 after Russian komissariat (1917 in this sense). Compare commissar n. 1a and commissary n.¹ 8. In People's Commissariat after Russian narodnyj komissariat ( < narodnyj , adjectival derivative of narod narod n. + komissariat).

a. Scots Law. Frequently in form commissariot. The office, jurisdiction, or court of a commissary (commissary n.¹ 6). Cf. commissary court n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [noun] > in Scotland > office of

commissariat1564

Justice Generalship1761

1564–75 Hamilton & Campsie Test. I. f. 27^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Commissariat In witnes heirof the seill of office of the said commissariate is affixt.

1609 Sc. Acts 20th Parl. James VI (1611) c. vi. 33 Prejudiciall to the heritable right of the Commissariate within the bounds of Argyle, perteining to Archbald now Earle of Argyle.

1650 J. Row & J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 30 Hamilton..had gotten a judicatorie of commissariot.

1708 J. Chamberlayne Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (ed. 22) ii. ii. xii. 503 Here [sc. in Scotland] are likewise Courts called the Commissariot answerable to those of the English Diocesan Chancellors.

1759 J. Tavernier Entertaining Correspondent i. viii. 53 The commissariat, wherein are pleaded actions relating to wills, tythes, and other ecclesiastical affairs.

1830 Act 11 Geo. IV & 1 Will. IV c. 69 in Statutes United Kingdom 440 It is hereby provided, that the Sherilfdoms of Haddington and Linlithgow shall each constitute a Commissariot.

1862 Chambers's Encycl. III. 153/1 The inferior commissariats..had been abolished by a previous statute,..each county being erected into a separate commissariat, of which the sheriff is commissary.

1906 J. H. Lea Geneal. Res. in Eng., Scotl. & Ireland 91 The Court of Sessions..did not pass sentence but remitted it to the Commissariot with instructions.

1944 Official Gaz. Kenya 26 Dec. 495/1 A certified copy of the confirmation in favour of the executors issued by the Commissariot of Edinburgh.

2014 Oklahoman (Nexis) 31 May 2 c Internet access to Scottish records, useful addresses, and lists of parishes, counties and commissariots.

b. Roman Catholic Church. Frequently in form commissariate. In Germany or German-speaking Switzerland: the court or jurisdiction of a bishop's or archbishop's commissary (commissary n.¹ 1).

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > archbishop's court > [noun]

audiencec1451

Court of Audience1467

Audience Court1593

prerogative1604

prerogative court1604

prerogative office1648

officiality1742

commissariat1762

1762 P. Murdoch tr. A. F. Büsching New Syst. Geogr. IV. 537 Such of the inhabitants as devote themselves to the sciences are instructed either at Heiligenstadt by the Jesuits, or at Duderstadt by the clergy in the commissariate [Ger. bey dem Commissariate].

1769 T. Smollett Present State All Nations V. 32 The seat of the archiepiscopal commissariate, which has the spiritual jurisdiction over the whole Eichsfeld, is at Duderstadt.

1819 tr. I. H. von Wessenberg in Reformation Catholic Church Germany 78 A complaint respecting breach of promise of marriage, shall only be received by the episcopal commissariate, when..one of the parties wishes to recede.

1838 F. B. Hawkins Germany xxx. 416 Of the Catholic church [in Nassau], there are one bishop, and one episcopal commissariat.

1910 Catholic Encycl. IX. 685/1 The diocese [of Limburg] is divided into fifteen deaneries and the commissariat of Frankfort-on-the-Main.

2006 tr. Dict. Ger. Biogr. X. 477/1 He became..provost at St. Sebastian's Church in Magdeburg in 1943 and head of the archiepiscopal commissariat.

a. Military. A department for the supply of food and equipment. Cf. commissary n.¹ 5a. Now historical.In the British Army, the Commissariat was a civilian service controlled by the Treasury until 1869.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military organization > logistics > [noun] > provision or procurement of supplies > supplies department

commissariat1710

1710 London Gaz. No. 4755/1 Monsieur Hansen, one of the Commissariat, is said to have been on Board with all the Papers and Accounts relating to that Office.

1779 T. Jefferson Let. 27 Mar. in Papers (1950) II. 240 Wagonage indeed seems to the commissariate an article not worth œconomising.

1808 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) IV. 21 The horses of the Commissariat will be at Cork on Tuesday and Wednesday.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 427 The bad provisions furnished by the Commissariat.

1876 J. H. Newman Hist. Sketches I. i. i. 6 It is commonly said, that a well-managed commissariat is a chief condition of victory.

1920 I. Hamilton Gallipoli Diary I. iii. 55 There is already a small Indian commissariat attached to the Mountain Batteries, so there would be no trouble on the score of supply.

1992 P. Haythornthwaite Frederick the Great's Army III. 35/2 Marches had to be calculated according to the proximity of the large magazines established by the army, from which the commissariat drew supplies.

b. Chiefly Military. Supply of provisions; food supply.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > supply of food or provisions > [noun]

victualsa1375

substancec1384

repasta1393

kitchenc1400

tablec1405

stuff1436

acates1465

acatry1522

victualling1532

provision1555

achates1570

plate1577

avitaile1592

support1599

horn and corn1633

subsistence1640

cribbing1652

purvey1678

commissariat1811

ration1814

commissary1883

1811 Christian Observer Dec. 801/1 The whole of the enemy's artillery, baggage, and commissariat, fell also into our hands.

1861 R. Swinhoe Narr. N. China Campaign 1860 177 The greater part of the evening was spent in arranging for the morrow's commissariat.

1870 R. W. Emerson Society & Solitude 244 The meal and water that are the commissariat of the forlorn hope..are sacred as the Holy Grail.

1922 J. Cowan N. Z. Wars I. 292 (caption) He succeeded in getting commissariat through to the troops.

1990 A. Beevor Inside Brit. Army xxv. 303 Between the two world wars, the Royal Army Ordnance Corps was basically responsible for stores and repair, and the Royal Army Service Corps for commissariat and transport.

c. Any non-military department, organization, or store for the supply of goods and provisions. Cf. commissary n.¹ 5b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > provider or supplier > department

commissariat1812

the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > [noun] > supplying food or catering > victualling department

poultry1423

catery1455

achatryc1550

sutlery1636

canteen1744

commissariat1812

butlerage1815

1812 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 8 341 There is no commissariat for supplying London.

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. vi. 56 The absence of shore or land ice..has prevented our rifles from contributing any material aid to our commissariat.

1881 Daily Tel. 23 Feb. A street commissariat of great magnitude and importance may arise.

1937 W. Lippman Good Society (1944) ii. vi. 96 It is not quite clear to me whether he believes that the goods listed..are to be furnished as they are to soldiers out of a public commissariat.

2001 Observer 18 Mar. (Britain Uncovered Suppl.) 60/1 They [sc. pupils at Dulwich College] have their own ‘commissariat’ where they can get their mobile phone top-ups.

3. Chiefly with capital initial. In full People's Commissariat. In the Russian Republic and later the Soviet Union: a government department; a department of the civil service. Cf. commissar n. 1a. Now historical.In 1946 Russian komissariat was replaced in this use by ministerstvo ‘ministry’.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > government department or agency > [noun] > Russian government department

prikaz1662

procuracy1917

commissariat1918

MVD1948

1918 Times 3 Jan. 6/1 Citizen Litvinoff has been appointed provisional Russian Plenipotentiary in London of the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs.

1919 Internat. Conciliation Mar. 434 In all Soviets, in place of the old, antiquated government institutions, the following departments or commissariats must first be organized.

1952 Economist 15 Nov. 459/2 Ministries—as the Commissariats were renamed in 1946—were set up for every major branch of economic activity.

2001 tr. P. Podvig et al. Russ. Strategic Nucl. Forces iv. 117 The RNII was originally under the jurisdiction of the People's Commissariat of Naval Affairs, but it soon became accountable to the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry.

Compounds

General attributive (chiefly in sense 2a).With quots. 1663, 1902 cf. commissary court n. 2.

ΚΠ

1663 in J. Lauder Decisions Lords of Council (1759) I. 58 He did what he could for the time: but then, there was no Commissariot Courts.

1764 D. Monro Acct. Dis. Brit. Mil. Hosp. 396 The purveying or commissariate Branch ought to be entirely distinct from the physical.

1780 in W. B. Reed Life & Corr. J. Reed (1847) II. 227 We have quartered the whole number of wagons and horses on the counties, as well as the commissariat articles.

1810 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1836) VI. 302 I shall endeavor to send you some spring and commissariat waggons.

1858 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) IV. 287 The commissariat and transport services.

1869 G. Rawlinson Man. Anc. Hist. 96 Excellent commissariat arrangements.

1902 New Eng. Hist. & Geneal. Reg. Apr. 189 The Probate matters are to be found in twenty-two Commissariat Courts covering the territory of Scotland.

1967 Jrnl. Folklore Inst. 4 54 The Afghans slowly took over all the British outposts, and cut off the British force in the cantonment from its commissariat supplies of food, medical stores, wood, and rum.

2004 J. W. Heinzen Inventing Soviet Countryside 225 The Commissariat leadership believed that using the commune as a means of controlling the negative actions of villagers was in the interest of the Soviet state.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	commissariat
释义	commissariatn. Brit. /ˌkɒmᵻˈsɛːrɪət/, U.S. /ˌkɑməˈsɛriət/ Forms: α. 1700s– commissariat, 1700s– commissariate (chiefly in sense 1b); Scottish pre-1700 comissariat, pre-1700 commissariate, pre-1700 1700s– commissariat. β. (Scottish, in sense 1a) pre-1700 comisariot, pre-1700 1700s– commissariot. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin commissariatus. Etymology: < post-classical Latin commissariatus commissary court (from 1352 in British sources), office of commissary (of the Marches) (1438, 1470 in British sources) < commissarius commissary n.¹ + classical Latin -ātus -ate suffix¹.Compare French commissariat place where the commissary conducts its business (1752), office of the commissary (1789), administrative department (1844). Compare also Spanish comisariato (1876), Italian commissariato (1547). In sense 1b after German Kommissariat (a1599). In sense 3 after Russian komissariat (1917 in this sense). Compare commissar n. 1a and commissary n.¹ 8. In People's Commissariat after Russian narodnyj komissariat ( < narodnyj , adjectival derivative of narod narod n. + komissariat). 1. a. Scots Law. Frequently in form commissariot. The office, jurisdiction, or court of a commissary (commissary n.¹ 6). Cf. commissary court n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [noun] > in Scotland > office of commissariat1564 Justice Generalship1761 1564–75 Hamilton & Campsie Test. I. f. 27^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Commissariat In witnes heirof the seill of office of the said commissariate is affixt. 1609 Sc. Acts 20th Parl. James VI (1611) c. vi. 33 Prejudiciall to the heritable right of the Commissariate within the bounds of Argyle, perteining to Archbald now Earle of Argyle. 1650 J. Row & J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 30 Hamilton..had gotten a judicatorie of commissariot. 1708 J. Chamberlayne Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (ed. 22) ii. ii. xii. 503 Here [sc. in Scotland] are likewise Courts called the Commissariot answerable to those of the English Diocesan Chancellors. 1759 J. Tavernier Entertaining Correspondent i. viii. 53 The commissariat, wherein are pleaded actions relating to wills, tythes, and other ecclesiastical affairs. 1830 Act 11 Geo. IV & 1 Will. IV c. 69 in Statutes United Kingdom 440 It is hereby provided, that the Sherilfdoms of Haddington and Linlithgow shall each constitute a Commissariot. 1862 Chambers's Encycl. III. 153/1 The inferior commissariats..had been abolished by a previous statute,..each county being erected into a separate commissariat, of which the sheriff is commissary. 1906 J. H. Lea Geneal. Res. in Eng., Scotl. & Ireland 91 The Court of Sessions..did not pass sentence but remitted it to the Commissariot with instructions. 1944 Official Gaz. Kenya 26 Dec. 495/1 A certified copy of the confirmation in favour of the executors issued by the Commissariot of Edinburgh. 2014 Oklahoman (Nexis) 31 May 2 c Internet access to Scottish records, useful addresses, and lists of parishes, counties and commissariots. b. Roman Catholic Church. Frequently in form commissariate. In Germany or German-speaking Switzerland: the court or jurisdiction of a bishop's or archbishop's commissary (commissary n.¹ 1). ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > archbishop's court > [noun] audiencec1451 Court of Audience1467 Audience Court1593 prerogative1604 prerogative court1604 prerogative office1648 officiality1742 commissariat1762 1762 P. Murdoch tr. A. F. Büsching New Syst. Geogr. IV. 537 Such of the inhabitants as devote themselves to the sciences are instructed either at Heiligenstadt by the Jesuits, or at Duderstadt by the clergy in the commissariate [Ger. bey dem Commissariate]. 1769 T. Smollett Present State All Nations V. 32 The seat of the archiepiscopal commissariate, which has the spiritual jurisdiction over the whole Eichsfeld, is at Duderstadt. 1819 tr. I. H. von Wessenberg in Reformation Catholic Church Germany 78 A complaint respecting breach of promise of marriage, shall only be received by the episcopal commissariate, when..one of the parties wishes to recede. 1838 F. B. Hawkins Germany xxx. 416 Of the Catholic church [in Nassau], there are one bishop, and one episcopal commissariat. 1910 Catholic Encycl. IX. 685/1 The diocese [of Limburg] is divided into fifteen deaneries and the commissariat of Frankfort-on-the-Main. 2006 tr. Dict. Ger. Biogr. X. 477/1 He became..provost at St. Sebastian's Church in Magdeburg in 1943 and head of the archiepiscopal commissariat. 2. a. Military. A department for the supply of food and equipment. Cf. commissary n.¹ 5a. Now historical.In the British Army, the Commissariat was a civilian service controlled by the Treasury until 1869. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military organization > logistics > [noun] > provision or procurement of supplies > supplies department commissariat1710 1710 London Gaz. No. 4755/1 Monsieur Hansen, one of the Commissariat, is said to have been on Board with all the Papers and Accounts relating to that Office. 1779 T. Jefferson Let. 27 Mar. in Papers (1950) II. 240 Wagonage indeed seems to the commissariate an article not worth œconomising. 1808 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) IV. 21 The horses of the Commissariat will be at Cork on Tuesday and Wednesday. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 427 The bad provisions furnished by the Commissariat. 1876 J. H. Newman Hist. Sketches I. i. i. 6 It is commonly said, that a well-managed commissariat is a chief condition of victory. 1920 I. Hamilton Gallipoli Diary I. iii. 55 There is already a small Indian commissariat attached to the Mountain Batteries, so there would be no trouble on the score of supply. 1992 P. Haythornthwaite Frederick the Great's Army III. 35/2 Marches had to be calculated according to the proximity of the large magazines established by the army, from which the commissariat drew supplies. b. Chiefly Military. Supply of provisions; food supply. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > supply of food or provisions > [noun] victualsa1375 substancec1384 repasta1393 kitchenc1400 tablec1405 stuff1436 acates1465 acatry1522 victualling1532 provision1555 achates1570 plate1577 avitaile1592 support1599 horn and corn1633 subsistence1640 cribbing1652 purvey1678 commissariat1811 ration1814 commissary1883 1811 Christian Observer Dec. 801/1 The whole of the enemy's artillery, baggage, and commissariat, fell also into our hands. 1861 R. Swinhoe Narr. N. China Campaign 1860 177 The greater part of the evening was spent in arranging for the morrow's commissariat. 1870 R. W. Emerson Society & Solitude 244 The meal and water that are the commissariat of the forlorn hope..are sacred as the Holy Grail. 1922 J. Cowan N. Z. Wars I. 292 (caption) He succeeded in getting commissariat through to the troops. 1990 A. Beevor Inside Brit. Army xxv. 303 Between the two world wars, the Royal Army Ordnance Corps was basically responsible for stores and repair, and the Royal Army Service Corps for commissariat and transport. c. Any non-military department, organization, or store for the supply of goods and provisions. Cf. commissary n.¹ 5b. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > provider or supplier > department commissariat1812 the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > [noun] > supplying food or catering > victualling department poultry1423 catery1455 achatryc1550 sutlery1636 canteen1744 commissariat1812 butlerage1815 1812 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 8 341 There is no commissariat for supplying London. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. vi. 56 The absence of shore or land ice..has prevented our rifles from contributing any material aid to our commissariat. 1881 Daily Tel. 23 Feb. A street commissariat of great magnitude and importance may arise. 1937 W. Lippman Good Society (1944) ii. vi. 96 It is not quite clear to me whether he believes that the goods listed..are to be furnished as they are to soldiers out of a public commissariat. 2001 Observer 18 Mar. (Britain Uncovered Suppl.) 60/1 They [sc. pupils at Dulwich College] have their own ‘commissariat’ where they can get their mobile phone top-ups. 3. Chiefly with capital initial. In full People's Commissariat. In the Russian Republic and later the Soviet Union: a government department; a department of the civil service. Cf. commissar n. 1a. Now historical.In 1946 Russian komissariat was replaced in this use by ministerstvo ‘ministry’. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > government department or agency > [noun] > Russian government department prikaz1662 procuracy1917 commissariat1918 MVD1948 1918 Times 3 Jan. 6/1 Citizen Litvinoff has been appointed provisional Russian Plenipotentiary in London of the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs. 1919 Internat. Conciliation Mar. 434 In all Soviets, in place of the old, antiquated government institutions, the following departments or commissariats must first be organized. 1952 Economist 15 Nov. 459/2 Ministries—as the Commissariats were renamed in 1946—were set up for every major branch of economic activity. 2001 tr. P. Podvig et al. Russ. Strategic Nucl. Forces iv. 117 The RNII was originally under the jurisdiction of the People's Commissariat of Naval Affairs, but it soon became accountable to the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry. Compounds General attributive (chiefly in sense 2a).With quots. 1663, 1902 cf. commissary court n. 2. ΚΠ 1663 in J. Lauder Decisions Lords of Council (1759) I. 58 He did what he could for the time: but then, there was no Commissariot Courts. 1764 D. Monro Acct. Dis. Brit. Mil. Hosp. 396 The purveying or commissariate Branch ought to be entirely distinct from the physical. 1780 in W. B. Reed Life & Corr. J. Reed (1847) II. 227 We have quartered the whole number of wagons and horses on the counties, as well as the commissariat articles. 1810 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1836) VI. 302 I shall endeavor to send you some spring and commissariat waggons. 1858 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) IV. 287 The commissariat and transport services. 1869 G. Rawlinson Man. Anc. Hist. 96 Excellent commissariat arrangements. 1902 New Eng. Hist. & Geneal. Reg. Apr. 189 The Probate matters are to be found in twenty-two Commissariat Courts covering the territory of Scotland. 1967 Jrnl. Folklore Inst. 4 54 The Afghans slowly took over all the British outposts, and cut off the British force in the cantonment from its commissariat supplies of food, medical stores, wood, and rum. 2004 J. W. Heinzen Inventing Soviet Countryside 225 The Commissariat leadership believed that using the commune as a means of controlling the negative actions of villagers was in the interest of the Soviet state. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † commissariatv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: commissariat n. Etymology: < commissariat n. Obsolete. intransitive. To oversee the commissariat of an army.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia VI. xxi. ii. 360 You were with the Allied Army..commissariating and the like. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online September 2019). < n.1564v.1865
随便看	θ546 θ5460 θ54600 θ54601 θ54602 θ54603 θ54604 θ54605 θ54606 θ54607 θ54608 θ54609 θ5461 θ54610 θ54611 θ54612 θ54613 θ54614 θ54615 θ54616 θ54617 θ54618 θ54619 θ5462 θ54620

commissariatn.

Compounds

† commissariatv.