-niksuffix

Primary stress is retained by the usual stressed syllable of the preceding element and vowels may be reduced accordingly; see e.g. computernik Brit.

/kəmˈpjuːtənɪk/, U.S.

/kəmˈpjudərnɪk/.

Forms: 1900s– -nic, 1900s– -nick, 1900s– -nik.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Yiddish. Partly a borrowing from Russian. Etymons: Yiddish -nik; Russian -nik.

Etymology: < Yiddish -nik and its etymon Russian -nik, suffix forming nouns usually denoting a member of a class or group, supporter of a cause, etc. Compare modern Hebrew -niq ( < Yiddish -nik ), e.g. in qibbūṣniq kibbutznik n.The Russian suffix occurs in a number of loanwords, the earliest of which is Raskolnik n.; some, associated with Imperial Russia, date from the last quarter of the 19th cent. (e.g. chinovnik n., Narodnik n.), and others, associated with the Soviet period, from the 20th cent. (e.g. kolkhoznik n. at kolkhoz n. Derivatives). Use in compounds with English elements is attested from the first quarter of the 20th cent. (e.g. in alrightnik n.), and is chiefly influenced by Yiddish models, although direct loans from Yiddish (e.g. nudnik n.) appear to occur only later than the earliest English formations. The occurrence of the suffix in the compound beatnik n. perhaps influenced later formations such as peacenik n. Some less common formations are illustrated here: see the α examples. Use of the suffix was reinforced for a few years after 1957 by -nik in sputnik sputnik n., found in numerous short-lived ad hoc formations: see the β examples.

Forming nouns (from adjectives and nouns) denoting a person (esp. an enthusiast) or thing involved in or associated with a specified thing or quality, often with humorous or pejorative connotations.

ΚΠ

α.

1905 Amer. Hebrew & Jewish Messenger 22 Dec. 105 More educated than the ‘yellow’ customer peddlers and realestatenicks of earlier years.

1919 H. L. Mencken Amer. Lang. 156 The suffix -nick, signifying agency, is..freely applied. Allrightnick means an upstart, an offensive boaster... Consumptionick means a victim of tuberculosis.

1928 L. Wirth Ghetto xii. 249 There is the Lodgenik, or joiner.

1945 A. Kober Parm Me 17 That stuck-upnick fomm the lodge, Sister Leshinsky..she's a regella Yenkee.

1965 Time 12 Nov. 4 Those guitar-plunking protestniks whose St. Joan is Baez.

1973 Indexer 8 227/2 Publishers and computerniks can create decadent search systems.

1989 Times Lit. Suppl. 24 June 1300/3 More than half of the conferenceniks come from libraries or university departments.

1993 W. Safire Safire's New Polit. Dict. 498 There were no-goodniks and faroutniks, beatniks, and sicknicks.

β. 1958 Amer. Speech 33 154 On learning that a dog was in the Soviet Moon, the Detroit News (and almost every other paper)..referred to the satellite as Muttnik... From then on there was no end of -niks.1968 B. Foster Changing Eng. Lang. ii. 110 This borrowing [sc. sputnik]..has given a new lease of life to the suffix -nik... New creations..have usually been..humorous..; thus a device which failed to go into orbit was derided in..1957 as a Kaputnik (Daily Express), a Flopnik (Daily Herald), a Puffnik (Daily Mail), and a Stayputnik (News Chronicle).1993 W. Safire Safire's New Polit. Dict. 498 Even the typical suburban home shown at the U.S. exhibition in Moscow—not split-level, but with a walkway splitting it—was called the ‘Splitnik’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	-nik
释义	-niksuffix Primary stress is retained by the usual stressed syllable of the preceding element and vowels may be reduced accordingly; see e.g. computernik Brit. /kəmˈpjuːtənɪk/, U.S. /kəmˈpjudərnɪk/. Forms: 1900s– -nic, 1900s– -nick, 1900s– -nik. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Yiddish. Partly a borrowing from Russian. Etymons: Yiddish -nik; Russian -nik. Etymology: < Yiddish -nik and its etymon Russian -nik, suffix forming nouns usually denoting a member of a class or group, supporter of a cause, etc. Compare modern Hebrew -niq ( < Yiddish -nik ), e.g. in qibbūṣniq kibbutznik n.The Russian suffix occurs in a number of loanwords, the earliest of which is Raskolnik n.; some, associated with Imperial Russia, date from the last quarter of the 19th cent. (e.g. chinovnik n., Narodnik n.), and others, associated with the Soviet period, from the 20th cent. (e.g. kolkhoznik n. at kolkhoz n. Derivatives). Use in compounds with English elements is attested from the first quarter of the 20th cent. (e.g. in alrightnik n.), and is chiefly influenced by Yiddish models, although direct loans from Yiddish (e.g. nudnik n.) appear to occur only later than the earliest English formations. The occurrence of the suffix in the compound beatnik n. perhaps influenced later formations such as peacenik n. Some less common formations are illustrated here: see the α examples. Use of the suffix was reinforced for a few years after 1957 by -nik in sputnik sputnik n., found in numerous short-lived ad hoc formations: see the β examples. Forming nouns (from adjectives and nouns) denoting a person (esp. an enthusiast) or thing involved in or associated with a specified thing or quality, often with humorous or pejorative connotations. ΚΠ α. 1905 Amer. Hebrew & Jewish Messenger 22 Dec. 105 More educated than the ‘yellow’ customer peddlers and realestatenicks of earlier years. 1919 H. L. Mencken Amer. Lang. 156 The suffix -nick, signifying agency, is..freely applied. Allrightnick means an upstart, an offensive boaster... Consumptionick means a victim of tuberculosis. 1928 L. Wirth Ghetto xii. 249 There is the Lodgenik, or joiner. 1945 A. Kober Parm Me 17 That stuck-upnick fomm the lodge, Sister Leshinsky..she's a regella Yenkee. 1965 Time 12 Nov. 4 Those guitar-plunking protestniks whose St. Joan is Baez. 1973 Indexer 8 227/2 Publishers and computerniks can create decadent search systems. 1989 Times Lit. Suppl. 24 June 1300/3 More than half of the conferenceniks come from libraries or university departments. 1993 W. Safire Safire's New Polit. Dict. 498 There were no-goodniks and faroutniks, beatniks, and sicknicks. β. 1958 Amer. Speech 33 154 On learning that a dog was in the Soviet Moon, the Detroit News (and almost every other paper)..referred to the satellite as Muttnik... From then on there was no end of -niks.1968 B. Foster Changing Eng. Lang. ii. 110 This borrowing [sc. sputnik]..has given a new lease of life to the suffix -nik... New creations..have usually been..humorous..; thus a device which failed to go into orbit was derided in..1957 as a Kaputnik (Daily Express), a Flopnik (Daily Herald), a Puffnik (Daily Mail), and a Stayputnik (News Chronicle).1993 W. Safire Safire's New Polit. Dict. 498 Even the typical suburban home shown at the U.S. exhibition in Moscow—not split-level, but with a walkway splitting it—was called the ‘Splitnik’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < suffix1905
随便看	to cant off to cant over to cant with to cantle out to cantonize it to cantonize out to cap a proverb to cap a quotation to cap about to cap all to cap an anecdote to cap it to cap the climax to cap the hock to cap verses to capacity to card a rest to card away to card up to care a fig, or fig's end for to care a twopenny damn to care a twopenny hang to care for to care na by to care not a chip