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单词 agnail
释义

agnailn.

Brit. /ˈaɡneɪl/, U.S. /ˈæɡˌneɪl/
Forms:

α. Old English angnægl, Middle English angenayle, Middle English angenayll, 1500s angnail, 1500s angnaile, 1500s angnale, 1500s angnaylle; English regional (northern and midlands) 1800s– angernail (Cumberland), 1800s– angnail, 1800s– gnangnail (Yorkshire), 1800s– nangnail.

β. late Middle English agnayl, late Middle English agnayll, late Middle English agnaylle, late Middle English– agnail, 1500s agnale, 1500s–1600s agnayle, 1500s–1600s agnell, 1600s agnaile, 1600s agnel.

Origin: Probably a word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Probably cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian ongneil , ogneil , ognīl ingrowing nail, hangnail < the Germanic base of ange n. + the Germanic base of nail n. Compare (with the same initial element) Old English angseta carbuncle, abscess, boil, and see discussion at ange adv. and n. Compare later hangnail n.The original semantic motivation for this formation is unclear. Although all the complaints it denotes cause pain in or around the fingernails and toenails (compare nail n. I.), it is possible that the word may originally (in sense 1) have shown nail n. II., the hard, rounded external callus of the corn (and perhaps also its internal root) being taken to resemble an iron nail driven into the foot. Compare e.g. Old English wernægel wart, tumour on the back of cattle (see warnel n. and discussion at that entry), and, with similar extension of meaning, classical Latin clāvus (iron) nail, also ‘wart, tumour, corn’ (see clavus n.). Senses 2 and 3 would then show subsequent extension to other painful conditions affecting the area around the fingernail or toenail, by association with nail n. 1. However, this argument does not appear to be supported by the senses attested for the cognate in Old Frisian. With sense 2 perhaps compare also French angonailles (1611 in Cotgrave, glossed as ‘botches, (pockie) bumps, or sores’) and post-classical Latin anghiones , anguinalia , carbuncles (attested in undated saints' lives). The forms in n- and gn- show metanalysis (see N n.). The regional variant angernail apparently shows remodelling of the first element by association with anger n.
1. A corn on the toe or foot. In later use also: a bunion; an ingrowing or deformed toenail. Now English regional (northern), rare.Some early examples may belong at sense 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > hardening or thickening > hard skin > corn
agnaileOE
cornc1440
werrock?a1513
wrang-nail?c1530
core1532
crest1569
pin1611
warnel1611
clavus1807
eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) i. xxxiv. 80 Wið angnægle, argesweorf & ealde sapan & ele.
c1350 Nominale (Cambr. Ee.4.20) in Trans. Philol. Soc. (1906) 4* Vngle ele et vrtil, Nayle angenayle and too.
?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 119 (MED) To a corne i. agnail [L. cornu]..þat is in þe feete consuleþ Henric..þat it be shauen & pared aboue þe corne or horne as mych as it shal be possible.
?c1450 in G. Müller Aus Mittelengl. Medizintexten (1929) 102 (MED) For angenayll þat waxin in feet.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement f. cvii/2 Agnayle vpon ones too, corret s ma.
1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 2 Figges..purge away angnaylles and suche harde swellinges.
1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie xliii. 137 They skinne a kybed heele, they fret an angnale [printed anguayle] off, So thus I skippe from toppe to toe.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xx. iii. 38 Passing good for to be applyed to the agnels or corns of the feet.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Frouelle, an agnell, pinne, or warnell in the toe.
1662 R. Bayfield Tractatus de Tumoribus præter Naturam iv. xii. 231 You shall see a round root underneath, which causeth the Corn or Agnail to grow again.
1783 Ainsworth's Thes. Linguæ Latinæ (new ed.) Morticini..agnails, or rather corns, especially on the feet and toes.
1824 W. Carr Horæ Momenta Cravenæ 8 I wor feaful flaid shoe'd nivver a dreed toth' uvver side o'th' Gill; an thou knaws shoe ollas pleeans feafully o' nang-nails.
1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Ang-nails, corns in the feet.—Cumb.
1839 Westmoreland & Cumberland Dial. 322 In the north of England, the more customary application of the word angnail, or, as it seems to be pronounced, nangnail, is rather to designate the painful growing-in of the nails of the feet, than either a corn or the small whitlow, sometimes called a back-friend.
1866 J. E. Brogden Provinc. Words Lincs. Nangnail, a corn, a bunion.
1901 Notes & Queries 12 Oct. 306/1 In the West Riding deformed and peculiar toe and finger nails are frequently called ‘nang nails’.
2. A painful swelling, ulcer, or sore under or around a toenail or fingernail; a whitlow. Obsolete except as passing into sense 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > [noun] > a suppuration > agnail or whitlow
panaritiuma1400
whitlowa1400
agnail1562
felon1578
paronychia1598
whittlea1614
point1653
whittle-flaw1756
stepmother1818
run-round1833
runaround1867
perionychia1879
1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 25v The asshes [of wild grapes]..are good for medicines for the eyes, and wyth hony it healeth whit flawes, agnayles [printed aguayles] & goomes bledinge.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. lxxxi. 258 Good to be layde unto..ulcered nayles, or agnayles, whiche is a paynefull swelling aboute the ioyntes and nayles.
1597 W. Langham Garden of Health 95 It draweth out splents and broken bones, and openeth noughtie vlcers and agnayles, that grow about the rootes of the nayles.
1656 T. Blount Glossographia Agnail, a sore between the finger and the nail.
1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Agnail, a sore at the root of the nail on the fingers or toes.
1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Agnail, a disease of the nails, a whitlow.
1866 A. J. Cooley Toilet & Cosmetic Arts in Anc. & Mod. Times xvi. 374 Whitlow—‘paronychia’—is a painful inflammation at the end of one of the fingers, and mostly under or about the nail. When it occurs near the root of a nail it is commonly called an agnail.
1886 E. L. Trouessart Microbes, Ferments & Moulds 236 Whitlow and Agnail.—These two complaints are produced by pricking the finger with some instrument charged with microbes.
3. A small strip of skin partially detached, but hanging by one end, near a fingernail; = hangnail n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > disorders of nails > [noun]
wartwalec1325
flaw1574
liverage1598
pterygium1601
hangnail1678
mormal1685
agnail1737
onychia1814
defluvium1817
onychogryphosis1833
liver-sick1836
ingrowing1852
backfriend1864
onychomycosis1865
white lie1899
koilonychia1902
1737 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. (ed. 8) Agnail,..a sore Slip of Skin at the Root of a Nail.
1799 Philos. Mag. 4 40 The servant poisoned by touching an agnail on his finger with the flesh of a putrid hare which he was skinning.
1844 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words (1846) I Agnail, a hang-nail, either on the finger or toe. Hangnails, small pieces of partially separated skin about the roots of the finger-nails. Various dialects.
1879 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Agnail, a term applied to the shreds of epidermis which separate from the skin covering the root of the nail, and which, on being torn, give rise to a painful state of the fingers.
1882 Weldon's Illustr. Dressmaker Oct. (Suppl.) 6 This method practised daily will keep the nails in perfect preservation, also preventing agnails.
1907 J. H. Kellogg Home Bk. Mod. Med. 1402 ‘Hang-nails’, or ‘ag-nails’, on the fingers, are frequently means of inoculation in dissection.
1911 W. A. Woodbury Beauty Culture i. iv. 52 Look carefully to all hangnails, or agnails, as they are called, and if present remove them with the emery board, leaving the free edge of the nail regular and smooth.
1959 Home Encycl. 5 If this is done every day, the formation of agnails will be prevented and the general appearance of the hands will be improved.
2004 G. Newsome tr. K. Čapek Gardener's Year 14 A bit of soil will get into your body through an agnail or something and will cause a sort of poisoning or inflammation.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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