codonn.

Brit.

/ˈkəʊdɒn/, U.S.

/ˈkoʊˌdɑn/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: code n., code v., -on suffix¹.

Etymology: < code n. or code v. + -on suffix¹. Compare code n. 6, code v. 5a.First used in print by Francis Crick (1916–2004, British biologist), who attributed its coinage to Sydney Brenner (1927–2019, South African biologist).

Molecular Biology.

A unit of the genetic code, comprising the smallest group of nucleotides in a DNA (or other polynucleotide) molecule that determines which amino acid shall be inserted at any given position in a polypeptide chain (now known to be a sequence of three consecutive nucleotides); spec. a triplet of nucleotides in a messenger RNA molecule which codes for a particular amino acid (by binding to a complementary anticodon in transfer RNA); (also) a similar triplet of nucleotides having some other function, esp. signalling the initiation or termination of polypeptide synthesis.Since there are 64 possible combinations of the four nucleotide bases, and only 20 amino acids that occur in proteins, some amino acids can be specified by alternative codons.initiation, stop, termination codon: see the first element. See also anticodon n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > other genetic structures

messenger1905

transforming principle1944

muton1957

prokaryon1957

recon1957

vector1958

operon1960

R1961

codon1962

replicon1963

regulon1964

promoter1965

promotor1966

transconjugant1974

cassette1977

1962 F. H. C. Crick in Sci. Amer. Oct. 68/3 A small group of bases that codes one amino acid has recently been named a codon.

1963 F. H. C. Crick in Progress Nucleic Acid Res. 1 166 It is possible to conceive codes in which, for example, some codons consist of two bases and others of three.

1966 New Scientist 12 May 348/3 The transfer-RNA attaches itself to its own amino acid and, in some fashion, couples it to the right codon on the messenger-RNA inside the ribosome.

1990 J. P. Luzio & R. J. Thompson Molecular Med. Biochem. vii. 194 With minor exceptions in some codons in the DNA of mitochondria and ciliate protozoans, the same codon specifies the same amino acid in all organisms.

2013 A. Rutherford Creation: Origin of Life v. 85 This codon is for the amino acid methionine, but also marks the beginning of a gene.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	codon
释义	codonn. Brit. /ˈkəʊdɒn/, U.S. /ˈkoʊˌdɑn/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: code n., code v., -on suffix¹. Etymology: < code n. or code v. + -on suffix¹. Compare code n. 6, code v. 5a.First used in print by Francis Crick (1916–2004, British biologist), who attributed its coinage to Sydney Brenner (1927–2019, South African biologist). Molecular Biology. A unit of the genetic code, comprising the smallest group of nucleotides in a DNA (or other polynucleotide) molecule that determines which amino acid shall be inserted at any given position in a polypeptide chain (now known to be a sequence of three consecutive nucleotides); spec. a triplet of nucleotides in a messenger RNA molecule which codes for a particular amino acid (by binding to a complementary anticodon in transfer RNA); (also) a similar triplet of nucleotides having some other function, esp. signalling the initiation or termination of polypeptide synthesis.Since there are 64 possible combinations of the four nucleotide bases, and only 20 amino acids that occur in proteins, some amino acids can be specified by alternative codons.initiation, stop, termination codon: see the first element. See also anticodon n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > other genetic structures messenger1905 transforming principle1944 muton1957 prokaryon1957 recon1957 vector1958 operon1960 R1961 codon1962 replicon1963 regulon1964 promoter1965 promotor1966 transconjugant1974 cassette1977 1962 F. H. C. Crick in Sci. Amer. Oct. 68/3 A small group of bases that codes one amino acid has recently been named a codon. 1963 F. H. C. Crick in Progress Nucleic Acid Res. 1 166 It is possible to conceive codes in which, for example, some codons consist of two bases and others of three. 1966 New Scientist 12 May 348/3 The transfer-RNA attaches itself to its own amino acid and, in some fashion, couples it to the right codon on the messenger-RNA inside the ribosome. 1990 J. P. Luzio & R. J. Thompson Molecular Med. Biochem. vii. 194 With minor exceptions in some codons in the DNA of mitochondria and ciliate protozoans, the same codon specifies the same amino acid in all organisms. 2013 A. Rutherford Creation: Origin of Life v. 85 This codon is for the amino acid methionine, but also marks the beginning of a gene. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1962
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