codlingn.¹

Brit.

/ˈkɒdlɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈkɑdlɪŋ/

Forms: Middle English coddelyng, Middle English codelyng, Middle English codelynge, Middle English codlinge, Middle English codlynd, Middle English kodeling, Middle English kodelyng, Middle English kodling, Middle English kodlyng, Middle English–1500s codlyng, Middle English–1500s codlynge, Middle English– codling, 1500s kodlynge, 1500s quodling, 1600s codlin; Scottish pre-1700 codling, pre-1700 codlyng, pre-1700 coidleng, pre-1700 kodlein.

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: cod n.¹, -ling suffix¹.

Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps < cod n.¹ + -ling suffix¹. Compare cod n.² and codfish n., which may both derive ultimately from this word.The original sense was perhaps ‘fish found in the cod end of a trawl net’: compare cod n.¹ 5a and cod net n. at cod n.¹ Compounds. As a demersal fish, cod was made more accessible by the development of the trawling technology, and would have been found often in the cod ends of trawl nets. (Perhaps compare similarly dogdrave n.) Earlier currency is implied by the following example, showing a Latin borrowing of the English word:1289 in J. Webb Househ. Expenses R. de Swinfield (1853) 31 In .v.^.xx. x. codling' empt' Glouc' xvij.s. Perhaps attested earlier as a surname: Robert Codling (1275, Lincolnshire).

1. Originally: the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua (obsolete). In later use: a young or small cod.The name probably sometimes included allied species of smaller size.redware codling, rock codling: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > superorder Paracanthopterygii > order Gadiformes (cod) > [noun] > family Gadidae > member of (cod) > young or small

codling1304

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > superorder Paracanthopterygii > order Gadiformes (cod) > [noun] > family Gadidae > genus Gadus > gadus morhua (common cod) > small or young

codling1304

morhwell1554

dorse1610

robin1618

skinner1816

sprag1874

tomcod1883

picker1895

1304–5 in Hist. MSS Comm.: Rep. MSS Ld. Middleton (1911) 325 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 5567) XXVII. 1 In codling et stokfys emptis, xvijd.

a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 41 Take turbot, haddok, and gode codlyng.

1513 W. de Worde Bk. Keruynge B iv a Makrell & whytynge, haddocke and codlynge.

1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xviii. 155 Called..Codling, because it is no longer than a Cod, and yet hath the taste of Ling.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory 324 How several sorts of Fish are named, according to their Age or Growth..A Codd, first a Whiting, then a Codling, then a Codd.

1740 R. Brookes Art of Angling ii. xxx. 138 The Cod..those that are small are call'd Codlings.

1865 J. G. Bertram Harvest of Sea vii. 290 Smoked codlings are extensively sold for Finnan haddocks.

1877 J. S. Blackie Wise Men Greece 71 A single cod contains Some hundred myriad codlings in its roe.

1948 M. Graham Rational Fishing of Cod of N. Sea iii. 86 Codling from the deeper areas of the North Sea grow more slowly and will not enter as recruits until they are..2–3 years old.

2005 Sea Angler Mar. 151/1 Mackerel come close in season, along with good whiting, codling and some good tub gurnard.

2. Originally North American. Any of various other fishes allied to the cods, esp. of the genera Urophycis (family Physidae) and Pseudophycis (family Moridae). Frequently with distinguishing word.

ΚΠ

1814 S. L. Mitchill Rep. Fishes N.-Y. 372 Codling. Gadus longipes... Weighs sometimes as heavy as eighteen pounds... This is the hake of the New-York fishermen.

1842 J. E. De Kay Zool. N.-Y. iii. 292 It is called indiscriminately Hake and Codling by our fishermen.

1916 Bull. N.Y. Zool. Soc. 19 1345/2 The Aquarium received from Belford, N. J., in October, several specimens of a fish that is seldom represented there, the spotted codling or spotted hake (Phycis regius).

2005 J. S. Link et al. in R. N. Gibson et al. Flatfishes ix. 198 Studies..have identified flatfishes in the stomachs of piscivorous fishes such as cods, red hake (Urophycis chuss), white hake (U. tenuis), spotted codling (U. regia), sculpins, [etc.].

Compounds

codling hook n. a fish hook suitable for catching codlings.

ΚΠ

1496 Treat. Fysshynge wyth Angle in Bk. St. Albans (rev. ed.) sig. iij^v To take hym [sc. pyke]..Take a codlynge hoke.

1856 Inverness Courier 4 Sept. 5/6 It [sc. a sunfish] was captured by the Portmahomack men..with a codling hook and a spear.

1968 H. Tegner Long Bay of Druridge vii. 43 Attached to a brass ring..is a stout line with from six to twelve codling hooks attached at regular intervals by lengths of nylon traces.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

codlingn.²

Brit.

/ˈkɒdlɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈkɑdlɪŋ/

Forms:

α. Middle English querdlynge, Middle English querlyng, Middle English qwerdelyng, Middle English qwerdlyng, Middle English wederlyng, Middle English wederlynge.

β. 1500s codlyng, 1500s–1600s quodling, 1500s– codling, 1600s codlen, 1600s quadlin, 1600s quodlinge, 1600s– codlin Brit. /ˈkɒdlɪn/, U.S. /ˈkɑdlɪn/, 1700s–1800s coddling.

Origin: Apparently a borrowing from French. Etymon: French coer de leun.

Etymology: Apparently < Anglo-Norman coer de leun, literally ‘lion-heart’ (see below, and compare lion-heart n.) < coer heart (see cœur n.) + de de prep. + leun lion n. Compare dandelion n., padelion n.Compare similar formations used as names of varieties of fruit in later continental French: coeur de roi type of pear (1603), coeur de boeuf, coeur de pigeon type of plum (1690). Anglo-Norman coer de leun is not attested as a name of an apple. However, compare the following Middle English examples of a surname going back to the same Anglo-Norman phrase and showing a similar phonological development:1247 in P. H. Reaney & R. M. Wilson Dict. Brit. Surnames (1976) 78/2 Richard Querdeleon.1327 in P. H. Reaney & R. M. Wilson Dict. Brit. Surnames (1976) 78 John Qwerdelyng.

a. Originally: an immature or unripe apple; a type of hard apple suitable only for cooking. In later use: any of several varieties of cooking apple, typically having a light green or golden skin and a tapering elongated shape. Also with distinguishing word. Also as a modifier. See Compounds 1a, Compounds 1b.Kentish codlin, Keswick codlin, Manx codlin: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > apple > [noun] > cooking-apple > types of

codlingc1390

rambour1600

codling apple1654

biffin1794

Keswick codlin1814

Wellington1821

Lord Derby1862

Lane's Prince Albert1875

Bramley('s) seedling1900

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple > cooking apple > types of

codlingc1390

rambour1600

codling apple1654

stubbard1736

biffin1794

Spitzenberg1795

Keswick codlin1814

Wellington1821

Wellington apple1824

Rome beauty1846

Lord Derby1862

Lane's Prince Albert1875

Bramley('s) seedling1900

Newton Wonder1932

c1390 Pistel of Swete Susan (Vernon) l. 102 Ouer heor hedes gon hyng Þe wince and þe wederlyng [c1400 Simeon wederlynge, ?a1425 Huntington qwerdlyng, ?c1450 Pierpont Morgan querlyng].

?c1425 Recipe in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Arun. 334) (1790) 472 Blomes of qwerdelynges or of other gode frute.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 206/2 Codlyng, frute, pomme cvite.

1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health cii. 88 Rawe Apples and Quodlings are by this rule rejected.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) i. v. 153 As a squash is before tis a pescod, or a Codling when tis almost an Apple.

1676 J. Worlidge Vinetum Britannicum 161 The Codling, so called from the use it is put unto, is a very necessary Apple in the Kitchin.

1712 J. Swift Fable of Midas 1 Midas, we are in Story told, Turn'd ev'ry thing he touch't to Gold... A Codling e'er it went his Lip in, Would strait become a Golden Pippin.

1767 Lady's Compan. 91 Take your green codlings fresh off the trees..; put them down in clean cold water, in a brass-pan or skillet on the fire, just to coddle them.

1802 W. Forsyth Treat. Fruit-trees vi. 59 The Codlin is generally the first Apple that is brought to market.

1942 Essex Rev. 51 117 An old farmer tells me how his mother used to heat up her wood-oven, bake the loaves of bread, then a batch of cakes and pastries, and finally put in a large bowl full of Codlins and leave them there for the night.

2008 Daily Tel. 12 Sept. 25/1 The National Fruit Collection includes 1,882 kinds of apple, many with charming old names: Bascome Mystery, Carlisle Codling of Bultitude, Mabbots Pearmain, Scarlet Nonpareil.

b. A tree which bears such apples. Also with distinguishing word. Now chiefly historical.Also as modifier. See Compounds 1b.Kentish codlin, Keswick codlin, Manx codlin: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > apple tree > varieties of

birtle-tree1483

wyde?1523

renneta1568

pearmain1597

codling tree1629

codling1651

passe-pomme1691

Rhode Island greening1795

Spitzenberg1795

tulip-apple1842

Wagener1848

sweet-bough1850

Lord Derby1862

Chinese crab1882

1651 R. Child Large Let. in S. Hartlib Legacie 28 Some Trees as Sweetings, Codlings, Quinces, will grow very well of slips.

1657 R. Austen Treat. Fruit-trees (ed. 2) 66 It is the custome (of late); to make..hedges of Quodlings,..Plums, Vines, and such like trees.

1804 Papers Agric. (Massachusetts Soc. Promoting Agric.) 48 The English, for dwarf apple plants, usually graft either upon the Dutch paradise apple, or upon the common codlin, or upon the Kentish codlin.

1879 R. Jefferies Wild Life 176 They [sc. goldfinches] build in the same trees—bushy-headed codlings.

1991 Times (Nexis) 10 Aug. Congham's fruit trees include Laxton's Fortune, Worcester Tydeman, a local Codling, and crab apples for jelly.

2002 J. Morgan & A. Richards New Bk. Apples iv. 97 At Tyninghame in East Lothian, Keswick Codlins were trained over a series of arches to create a blossom walk 140 yards long.

†2. figurative. With implication of immaturity or inexperience: a young man, a youth. Obsolete.Cf. quot. a1616 at sense 1a, where the comparison is with someone who stands between boyhood and manhood.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > young person > youth or young man > [noun]

frumberdlingc1000

young manOE

childc1225

hind1297

pagec1300

youtha1325

fawnc1369

swainc1386

stripling1398

boy1440

springaldc1450

jovencel1490

younkera1522

speara1529

gorrel1530

lad1535

hobbledehoy1540

cockerel1547

waga1556

spring1559

loonc1560

hensure1568

youngster1577

imp1578

pigsney1581

cocklinga1586

demy1589

muchacho1591

shaver1592

snipper-snappera1593

callant1597

spaught1598

stubble boy1598

ghillie1603

codling1612

cuba1616

skippera1616

man-boy1637

sprig1646

callow1651

halflang1660

stubbed boy1683

gossoon1684

gilpie1718

stirraha1722

young lion1792

halfling1794

pubescent1795

young man1810

sixteener1824

señorito1843

tad1845

boysie1846

shaveling1854

ephebe1880

boychick1921

lightie1946

young blood1967

studmuffin1986

1612 B. Jonson Alchemist i. i. sig. B3^v Sub. Who is it, Dol? Dol. A fine yong Quodling. Fac. O My Lawyers Clearke, I lighted on, last night.

c1640 Capt. Underwit iv. ii, in A. H. Bullen Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1883) II. 379 Take a very fine young Codling heire and pound him as small as you can..then you must cozen him.

1663 J. Heath Flagellum 125 All the Codlings and Embryons of Triploe and Newmarket-Heaths Engagements.

3. More fully codling moth. A small brownish-grey moth, Cydia pomonella (family Tortricidae), which is a cosmopolitan pest having larvae that feed on pome and stone fruits, esp. apples. Also: a larva of this moth.Also as a modifier. See Compounds 1c.Also called apple moth, fruit-moth.grape codling: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Eucosomidae > carpocapsa or cydia pomonella (codling-moth)

codling moth?1749

codling1880

?1749 B. Wilkes Eng. Moths & Butterflies 5 The Codling Moth. Mr. Rosel says, The Caterpillar of this Moth feeds on the Kernels of Appels and Pears. The Moth lays her Eggs at the End of June.

1865 Western Flying Post 10 Oct. Our little enemy the Codlin Moth (Carpocapsa Pomonella) must also have been present in great numbers, for the apple crop in this part has suffered severely from the grub.

1880 Lancaster Farmer Dec. 179/2 Great numbers of codlings, are killed every summer by flying into or against city street lamps.

1934 Econ. Geogr. 10 165/2 Codling moths are very sensitive to climatic conditions in hatching, breeding, and flight.

1978 E. Pinhey in M. J. A. Werger & A. C. van Bruggen Biogeography & Ecol. Southern Afr. xxiv. 765 Codlins and some Lycaenidae feed on or inside fruits and seeds.

2014 BBC Gardeners' World (Special Subscriber ed.) Oct. 130/1 If you find ‘maggoty’ apples and pears in your garden, the most likely cause is the caterpillar of the codling moth.

†4. In plural. Lumps of partially burnt limestone. English regional (northern). Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1824 W. Carr Horæ Momenta Cravenæ 66 Codlins, limestones, partially burnt.

1873 J. Harland Gloss. Words Swaledale Codlings, partially burnt clumps of limestone.

Phrases

P1. hot codlings: roasted apples, sold hot as a street snack, and particularly associated with London. Now historical.In quots. ?1610 and c1639 perhaps alternatively with the sense ‘hot green peas’; cf. quot. a1605, and also codling n.⁴The comic song ‘Hot Codlins’, cited in quot. 1825, is attributed to celebrated clown Joseph Grimaldi (cf. Joey n.³), who first performed it in 1819.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > prepared fruit and dishes > [noun] > apple dishes

apple-moyse1381

apple frittera1475

hot codlings?1610

flapjack1620

baked apple1621

apple pudding1708

black cap1710

pan pie1723

flap-apple1750

charlotte1796

hop-about1820

biffin1822

apple dowdy1823

pandowdy1833

apple charlotte1842

apple snow1846

apple strudel1850

apple hogling1880

apple amber1889

cob1898

apple crumble1947

a1605 (?a1500) London Lickpenny (Harl. 542) l. 68 in Anglia (1898) 20 414 Hot pescods, one gan cry, Strabery rype, and chery in the ryse.]

?1610 I Haue Fresh Cheese & Creame (single sheet) I haue fine Pomegranuts. Hotte Codlings hotte. I haue ripe Strawberries.

c1639 T. Dekker & J. Ford Sun's-darling (1656) iii. 24 If I be not deceived, I ha seen Summer go up and down with hot Codlings.

1825 Universal Songster I. 287/1 A little old woman her living got By selling hot codlins, hot! hot! hot!

1881 Daily Tel. 23 Feb. Hot codlings may now be sought for in vain.

1999 Times 22 Oct. 9/2 The exhibition charts the history of London's cuisine over five centuries, from street sellers peddling hot codlings and baked potatoes to sushi bars and the pre-packed sandwich.

P2.

codlings-and-cream n. now rare great willowherb, Epilobium hirsutum, which has pink and white flowers with white four-lobed stigmas and a scent similar to that of apples.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Onagraceae (willow-herbs) > [noun]

willow-herb1578

bindweed nightshade1597

enchanter's nightshade1597

rosebay1597

willow1597

French willow1601

willow-flower1633

rose withy1650

codlings-and-cream1670

willow weed1741

gooseberry fool1785

epilobium1809

onagrad1846

cherry-pie1857

apple pie plant1858

slink-weed1858

fiddle-grass1878

epilobe1883

satin flower1891

1670 J. Ray Catalogus Plantarum Angliæ 204 Great hairy codded Loose-strife, or Willow-herb, called also Codlings and Cream, from the smell of the leaves a little bruised.

1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xix. 264 The hairy sort [of French Willow]..vulgarly known by the name of Codlins and Cream.

1996 R. Mabey Flora Britannica 235/2 The popular name ‘codlins-and-cream’ was probably suggested by the petals, rosy on top (like codlins or cooking apples), with a trace of creamy whiteness beneath.

Compounds

C1.

a. As a modifier, with the sense ‘made of or with codlings (sense 1a)’, as in codling cream, codling liquor, codling pie, codling tart. Now historical.

ΚΠ

1623 G. Markham Countrey Contentments, or Eng. Huswife (new ed.) i. ii. 105 A codlin Tart.

1714 M. Kettilby Coll. above 300 Receipts 101 Put in your Codlin-liquor, boil it a little together as fast as you can; then put in your Golden-Pippins.

1874 E. Atrutel Easy & Economical Bk. Jewish Cookery 100 Codling tart is very much liked.

1964 Times 29 Feb. 11/4 An assortment of the cream confections then fashionable, such as codlin cream, lemon cream, raspberry cream, and a variety of others.

2011 K. Stavely & K. Fitzgerald Northern Hospitality xii. 313 In Markham's codling pie recipe, a cream or custard is..to be poured over the filling after baking.

b. As a modifier (in sense 1), as in codling apple, codling hedge, codling tree, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > apple tree > varieties of

birtle-tree1483

wyde?1523

renneta1568

pearmain1597

codling tree1629

codling1651

passe-pomme1691

Rhode Island greening1795

Spitzenberg1795

tulip-apple1842

Wagener1848

sweet-bough1850

Lord Derby1862

Chinese crab1882

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > apple > [noun] > cooking-apple > types of

codlingc1390

rambour1600

codling apple1654

biffin1794

Keswick codlin1814

Wellington1821

Lord Derby1862

Lane's Prince Albert1875

Bramley('s) seedling1900

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple > cooking apple > types of

codlingc1390

rambour1600

codling apple1654

stubbard1736

biffin1794

Spitzenberg1795

Keswick codlin1814

Wellington1821

Wellington apple1824

Rome beauty1846

Lord Derby1862

Lane's Prince Albert1875

Bramley('s) seedling1900

Newton Wonder1932

1629 Accts. St. John's Hosp., Canterbury (Canterbury Cathedral Archives: CCA-U13/5) When the quodlinge tree was sold.

1654 E. Gayton Pleasant Notes Don Quixot i. viii. 28 Poore Sancho laments the windfall his Master [sic], and was gathering him up like a bruised Codling Apple.

a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) 267 The Branch of a Willow, Codling-Tree or Vine will take root being set in the ground.

a1741 C. Fiennes Through Eng. on Side Saddle (1888) 300 A Coddling hedge secured a walke of orange and Lemmon trees in perfection.

1768 D. Monro in Philos. Trans. 1767 (Royal Soc.) 57 489 Having got two dozen of codling apples, I cut them to pieces, put them into a large earthen vessel, and poured three quarts of water upon them.

1882 Garden 4 Feb. 72/2 Most of the Codlin tribe..keep equally free from canker or mildew.

1953 New Statesman 11 July 44/2 Usually, he said, spokes were of oak, but he had made these of apple wood which came from Gordy Orton's old codlin orchard that's now the Council houses.

2008 Independent on Sunday (Nexis) 26 Oct. (New Review) 61 A two-year-old Keswick Codlin tree costs £21.20.

c. As a modifier (in sense 3), as in codling grub, codling spray, codling worm, etc.

ΚΠ

1844 G. Emerson Johnson's Farmer's Encycl. (new ed.) 765/1 Some interesting facts..serving to establish the difference between the plum-weevil and apple-worm (codling caterpillar), will be found.

1873 3rd Ann. Rep. Noxious & Beneficial Insects State Illinois i. 176 The gathering of windfall apples, either by ourselves or by the aid of domestic animals, enables us to destroy less than half of the Codling-worms.

1926 F. W. Pettey Codling Moth: Measures Necessary to Control Pest 10 Unless a codling trap is present in the storeroom containing such wormy fruits, the majority of the worms will have left by the time the fruits have ripened.

1979 Grower 21 June 1/1 Orchards in Sussex and west Kent which have suffered severe damage in recent years should receive the first codling spray this week.

2000 Common Ground Bk. Orchards xiii. 182/2 Chickens, which gobble up codling grubs before they become moths, need to be given enough room to roam.

C2.

codling-shaped adj. (in form codlin-shaped) having the tapering elongated shape of a codling apple.

ΚΠ

1848 Gardeners' Chron. & Agric. Gaz. 28 Oct. 720/2 The fruit, small and codlin-shaped, has not a single trace of the Ribston Pippin character belonging to it.

1895 E. Step Wayside & Woodland Blossoms 16 The spathe and spadix wither, but the ovaries develop into codlin-shaped pale scarlet berries.

2002 J. Morgan & A. Richards New Bk. Apples 208/3 Large, ribbed, codlin shaped. Slightly sharp.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	codling
释义	codlingn.¹ Brit. /ˈkɒdlɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈkɑdlɪŋ/ Forms: Middle English coddelyng, Middle English codelyng, Middle English codelynge, Middle English codlinge, Middle English codlynd, Middle English kodeling, Middle English kodelyng, Middle English kodling, Middle English kodlyng, Middle English–1500s codlyng, Middle English–1500s codlynge, Middle English– codling, 1500s kodlynge, 1500s quodling, 1600s codlin; Scottish pre-1700 codling, pre-1700 codlyng, pre-1700 coidleng, pre-1700 kodlein. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: cod n.¹, -ling suffix¹. Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps < cod n.¹ + -ling suffix¹. Compare cod n.² and codfish n., which may both derive ultimately from this word.The original sense was perhaps ‘fish found in the cod end of a trawl net’: compare cod n.¹ 5a and cod net n. at cod n.¹ Compounds. As a demersal fish, cod was made more accessible by the development of the trawling technology, and would have been found often in the cod ends of trawl nets. (Perhaps compare similarly dogdrave n.) Earlier currency is implied by the following example, showing a Latin borrowing of the English word:1289 in J. Webb Househ. Expenses R. de Swinfield (1853) 31 In .v.^.xx. x. codling' empt' Glouc' xvij.s. Perhaps attested earlier as a surname: Robert Codling (1275, Lincolnshire). 1. Originally: the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua (obsolete). In later use: a young or small cod.The name probably sometimes included allied species of smaller size.redware codling, rock codling: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > superorder Paracanthopterygii > order Gadiformes (cod) > [noun] > family Gadidae > member of (cod) > young or small codling1304 the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > superorder Paracanthopterygii > order Gadiformes (cod) > [noun] > family Gadidae > genus Gadus > gadus morhua (common cod) > small or young codling1304 morhwell1554 dorse1610 robin1618 skinner1816 sprag1874 tomcod1883 picker1895 1304–5 in Hist. MSS Comm.: Rep. MSS Ld. Middleton (1911) 325 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 5567) XXVII. 1 In codling et stokfys emptis, xvijd. a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 41 Take turbot, haddok, and gode codlyng. 1513 W. de Worde Bk. Keruynge B iv a Makrell & whytynge, haddocke and codlynge. 1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xviii. 155 Called..Codling, because it is no longer than a Cod, and yet hath the taste of Ling. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory 324 How several sorts of Fish are named, according to their Age or Growth..A Codd, first a Whiting, then a Codling, then a Codd. 1740 R. Brookes Art of Angling ii. xxx. 138 The Cod..those that are small are call'd Codlings. 1865 J. G. Bertram Harvest of Sea vii. 290 Smoked codlings are extensively sold for Finnan haddocks. 1877 J. S. Blackie Wise Men Greece 71 A single cod contains Some hundred myriad codlings in its roe. 1948 M. Graham Rational Fishing of Cod of N. Sea iii. 86 Codling from the deeper areas of the North Sea grow more slowly and will not enter as recruits until they are..2–3 years old. 2005 Sea Angler Mar. 151/1 Mackerel come close in season, along with good whiting, codling and some good tub gurnard. 2. Originally North American. Any of various other fishes allied to the cods, esp. of the genera Urophycis (family Physidae) and Pseudophycis (family Moridae). Frequently with distinguishing word. ΚΠ 1814 S. L. Mitchill Rep. Fishes N.-Y. 372 Codling. Gadus longipes... Weighs sometimes as heavy as eighteen pounds... This is the hake of the New-York fishermen. 1842 J. E. De Kay Zool. N.-Y. iii. 292 It is called indiscriminately Hake and Codling by our fishermen. 1916 Bull. N.Y. Zool. Soc. 19 1345/2 The Aquarium received from Belford, N. J., in October, several specimens of a fish that is seldom represented there, the spotted codling or spotted hake (Phycis regius). 2005 J. S. Link et al. in R. N. Gibson et al. Flatfishes ix. 198 Studies..have identified flatfishes in the stomachs of piscivorous fishes such as cods, red hake (Urophycis chuss), white hake (U. tenuis), spotted codling (U. regia), sculpins, [etc.]. Compounds codling hook n. a fish hook suitable for catching codlings. ΚΠ 1496 Treat. Fysshynge wyth Angle in Bk. St. Albans (rev. ed.) sig. iij^v To take hym [sc. pyke]..Take a codlynge hoke. 1856 Inverness Courier 4 Sept. 5/6 It [sc. a sunfish] was captured by the Portmahomack men..with a codling hook and a spear. 1968 H. Tegner Long Bay of Druridge vii. 43 Attached to a brass ring..is a stout line with from six to twelve codling hooks attached at regular intervals by lengths of nylon traces. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online June 2022). codlingn.² Brit. /ˈkɒdlɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈkɑdlɪŋ/ Forms: α. Middle English querdlynge, Middle English querlyng, Middle English qwerdelyng, Middle English qwerdlyng, Middle English wederlyng, Middle English wederlynge. β. 1500s codlyng, 1500s–1600s quodling, 1500s– codling, 1600s codlen, 1600s quadlin, 1600s quodlinge, 1600s– codlin Brit. /ˈkɒdlɪn/, U.S. /ˈkɑdlɪn/, 1700s–1800s coddling. Origin: Apparently a borrowing from French. Etymon: French coer de leun. Etymology: Apparently < Anglo-Norman coer de leun, literally ‘lion-heart’ (see below, and compare lion-heart n.) < coer heart (see cœur n.) + de de prep. + leun lion n. Compare dandelion n., padelion n.Compare similar formations used as names of varieties of fruit in later continental French: coeur de roi type of pear (1603), coeur de boeuf, coeur de pigeon type of plum (1690). Anglo-Norman coer de leun is not attested as a name of an apple. However, compare the following Middle English examples of a surname going back to the same Anglo-Norman phrase and showing a similar phonological development:1247 in P. H. Reaney & R. M. Wilson Dict. Brit. Surnames (1976) 78/2 Richard Querdeleon.1327 in P. H. Reaney & R. M. Wilson Dict. Brit. Surnames (1976) 78 John Qwerdelyng. 1. a. Originally: an immature or unripe apple; a type of hard apple suitable only for cooking. In later use: any of several varieties of cooking apple, typically having a light green or golden skin and a tapering elongated shape. Also with distinguishing word. Also as a modifier. See Compounds 1a, Compounds 1b.Kentish codlin, Keswick codlin, Manx codlin: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > apple > [noun] > cooking-apple > types of codlingc1390 rambour1600 codling apple1654 biffin1794 Keswick codlin1814 Wellington1821 Lord Derby1862 Lane's Prince Albert1875 Bramley('s) seedling1900 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple > cooking apple > types of codlingc1390 rambour1600 codling apple1654 stubbard1736 biffin1794 Spitzenberg1795 Keswick codlin1814 Wellington1821 Wellington apple1824 Rome beauty1846 Lord Derby1862 Lane's Prince Albert1875 Bramley('s) seedling1900 Newton Wonder1932 c1390 Pistel of Swete Susan (Vernon) l. 102 Ouer heor hedes gon hyng Þe wince and þe wederlyng [c1400 Simeon wederlynge, ?a1425 Huntington qwerdlyng, ?c1450 Pierpont Morgan querlyng]. ?c1425 Recipe in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Arun. 334) (1790) 472 Blomes of qwerdelynges or of other gode frute. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 206/2 Codlyng, frute, pomme cvite. 1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health cii. 88 Rawe Apples and Quodlings are by this rule rejected. a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) i. v. 153 As a squash is before tis a pescod, or a Codling when tis almost an Apple. View more context for this quotation 1676 J. Worlidge Vinetum Britannicum 161 The Codling, so called from the use it is put unto, is a very necessary Apple in the Kitchin. 1712 J. Swift Fable of Midas 1 Midas, we are in Story told, Turn'd ev'ry thing he touch't to Gold... A Codling e'er it went his Lip in, Would strait become a Golden Pippin. 1767 Lady's Compan. 91 Take your green codlings fresh off the trees..; put them down in clean cold water, in a brass-pan or skillet on the fire, just to coddle them. 1802 W. Forsyth Treat. Fruit-trees vi. 59 The Codlin is generally the first Apple that is brought to market. 1942 Essex Rev. 51 117 An old farmer tells me how his mother used to heat up her wood-oven, bake the loaves of bread, then a batch of cakes and pastries, and finally put in a large bowl full of Codlins and leave them there for the night. 2008 Daily Tel. 12 Sept. 25/1 The National Fruit Collection includes 1,882 kinds of apple, many with charming old names: Bascome Mystery, Carlisle Codling of Bultitude, Mabbots Pearmain, Scarlet Nonpareil. b. A tree which bears such apples. Also with distinguishing word. Now chiefly historical.Also as modifier. See Compounds 1b.Kentish codlin, Keswick codlin, Manx codlin: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > apple tree > varieties of birtle-tree1483 wyde?1523 renneta1568 pearmain1597 codling tree1629 codling1651 passe-pomme1691 Rhode Island greening1795 Spitzenberg1795 tulip-apple1842 Wagener1848 sweet-bough1850 Lord Derby1862 Chinese crab1882 1651 R. Child Large Let. in S. Hartlib Legacie 28 Some Trees as Sweetings, Codlings, Quinces, will grow very well of slips. 1657 R. Austen Treat. Fruit-trees (ed. 2) 66 It is the custome (of late); to make..hedges of Quodlings,..Plums, Vines, and such like trees. 1804 Papers Agric. (Massachusetts Soc. Promoting Agric.) 48 The English, for dwarf apple plants, usually graft either upon the Dutch paradise apple, or upon the common codlin, or upon the Kentish codlin. 1879 R. Jefferies Wild Life 176 They [sc. goldfinches] build in the same trees—bushy-headed codlings. 1991 Times (Nexis) 10 Aug. Congham's fruit trees include Laxton's Fortune, Worcester Tydeman, a local Codling, and crab apples for jelly. 2002 J. Morgan & A. Richards New Bk. Apples iv. 97 At Tyninghame in East Lothian, Keswick Codlins were trained over a series of arches to create a blossom walk 140 yards long. †2. figurative. With implication of immaturity or inexperience: a young man, a youth. Obsolete.Cf. quot. a1616 at sense 1a, where the comparison is with someone who stands between boyhood and manhood. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > young person > youth or young man > [noun] frumberdlingc1000 young manOE childc1225 hind1297 pagec1300 youtha1325 fawnc1369 swainc1386 stripling1398 boy1440 springaldc1450 jovencel1490 younkera1522 speara1529 gorrel1530 lad1535 hobbledehoy1540 cockerel1547 waga1556 spring1559 loonc1560 hensure1568 youngster1577 imp1578 pigsney1581 cocklinga1586 demy1589 muchacho1591 shaver1592 snipper-snappera1593 callant1597 spaught1598 stubble boy1598 ghillie1603 codling1612 cuba1616 skippera1616 man-boy1637 sprig1646 callow1651 halflang1660 stubbed boy1683 gossoon1684 gilpie1718 stirraha1722 young lion1792 halfling1794 pubescent1795 young man1810 sixteener1824 señorito1843 tad1845 boysie1846 shaveling1854 ephebe1880 boychick1921 lightie1946 young blood1967 studmuffin1986 1612 B. Jonson Alchemist i. i. sig. B3^v Sub. Who is it, Dol? Dol. A fine yong Quodling. Fac. O My Lawyers Clearke, I lighted on, last night. View more context for this quotation c1640 Capt. Underwit iv. ii, in A. H. Bullen Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1883) II. 379 Take a very fine young Codling heire and pound him as small as you can..then you must cozen him. 1663 J. Heath Flagellum 125 All the Codlings and Embryons of Triploe and Newmarket-Heaths Engagements. 3. More fully codling moth. A small brownish-grey moth, Cydia pomonella (family Tortricidae), which is a cosmopolitan pest having larvae that feed on pome and stone fruits, esp. apples. Also: a larva of this moth.Also as a modifier. See Compounds 1c.Also called apple moth, fruit-moth.grape codling: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Eucosomidae > carpocapsa or cydia pomonella (codling-moth) codling moth?1749 codling1880 ?1749 B. Wilkes Eng. Moths & Butterflies 5 The Codling Moth. Mr. Rosel says, The Caterpillar of this Moth feeds on the Kernels of Appels and Pears. The Moth lays her Eggs at the End of June. 1865 Western Flying Post 10 Oct. Our little enemy the Codlin Moth (Carpocapsa Pomonella) must also have been present in great numbers, for the apple crop in this part has suffered severely from the grub. 1880 Lancaster Farmer Dec. 179/2 Great numbers of codlings, are killed every summer by flying into or against city street lamps. 1934 Econ. Geogr. 10 165/2 Codling moths are very sensitive to climatic conditions in hatching, breeding, and flight. 1978 E. Pinhey in M. J. A. Werger & A. C. van Bruggen Biogeography & Ecol. Southern Afr. xxiv. 765 Codlins and some Lycaenidae feed on or inside fruits and seeds. 2014 BBC Gardeners' World (Special Subscriber ed.) Oct. 130/1 If you find ‘maggoty’ apples and pears in your garden, the most likely cause is the caterpillar of the codling moth. †4. In plural. Lumps of partially burnt limestone. English regional (northern). Obsolete. ΚΠ 1824 W. Carr Horæ Momenta Cravenæ 66 Codlins, limestones, partially burnt. 1873 J. Harland Gloss. Words Swaledale Codlings, partially burnt clumps of limestone. Phrases P1. hot codlings: roasted apples, sold hot as a street snack, and particularly associated with London. Now historical.In quots. ?1610 and c1639 perhaps alternatively with the sense ‘hot green peas’; cf. quot. a1605, and also codling n.⁴The comic song ‘Hot Codlins’, cited in quot. 1825, is attributed to celebrated clown Joseph Grimaldi (cf. Joey n.³), who first performed it in 1819. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > prepared fruit and dishes > [noun] > apple dishes apple-moyse1381 apple frittera1475 hot codlings?1610 flapjack1620 baked apple1621 apple pudding1708 black cap1710 pan pie1723 flap-apple1750 charlotte1796 hop-about1820 biffin1822 apple dowdy1823 pandowdy1833 apple charlotte1842 apple snow1846 apple strudel1850 apple hogling1880 apple amber1889 cob1898 apple crumble1947 a1605 (?a1500) London Lickpenny (Harl. 542) l. 68 in Anglia (1898) 20 414 Hot pescods, one gan cry, Strabery rype, and chery in the ryse.] ?1610 I Haue Fresh Cheese & Creame (single sheet) I haue fine Pomegranuts. Hotte Codlings hotte. I haue ripe Strawberries. c1639 T. Dekker & J. Ford Sun's-darling (1656) iii. 24 If I be not deceived, I ha seen Summer go up and down with hot Codlings. 1825 Universal Songster I. 287/1 A little old woman her living got By selling hot codlins, hot! hot! hot! 1881 Daily Tel. 23 Feb. Hot codlings may now be sought for in vain. 1999 Times 22 Oct. 9/2 The exhibition charts the history of London's cuisine over five centuries, from street sellers peddling hot codlings and baked potatoes to sushi bars and the pre-packed sandwich. P2. codlings-and-cream n. now rare great willowherb, Epilobium hirsutum, which has pink and white flowers with white four-lobed stigmas and a scent similar to that of apples. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Onagraceae (willow-herbs) > [noun] willow-herb1578 bindweed nightshade1597 enchanter's nightshade1597 rosebay1597 willow1597 French willow1601 willow-flower1633 rose withy1650 codlings-and-cream1670 willow weed1741 gooseberry fool1785 epilobium1809 onagrad1846 cherry-pie1857 apple pie plant1858 slink-weed1858 fiddle-grass1878 epilobe1883 satin flower1891 1670 J. Ray Catalogus Plantarum Angliæ 204 Great hairy codded Loose-strife, or Willow-herb, called also Codlings and Cream, from the smell of the leaves a little bruised. 1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xix. 264 The hairy sort [of French Willow]..vulgarly known by the name of Codlins and Cream. 1996 R. Mabey Flora Britannica 235/2 The popular name ‘codlins-and-cream’ was probably suggested by the petals, rosy on top (like codlins or cooking apples), with a trace of creamy whiteness beneath. Compounds C1. a. As a modifier, with the sense ‘made of or with codlings (sense 1a)’, as in codling cream, codling liquor, codling pie, codling tart. Now historical. ΚΠ 1623 G. Markham Countrey Contentments, or Eng. Huswife (new ed.) i. ii. 105 A codlin Tart. 1714 M. Kettilby Coll. above 300 Receipts 101 Put in your Codlin-liquor, boil it a little together as fast as you can; then put in your Golden-Pippins. 1874 E. Atrutel Easy & Economical Bk. Jewish Cookery 100 Codling tart is very much liked. 1964 Times 29 Feb. 11/4 An assortment of the cream confections then fashionable, such as codlin cream, lemon cream, raspberry cream, and a variety of others. 2011 K. Stavely & K. Fitzgerald Northern Hospitality xii. 313 In Markham's codling pie recipe, a cream or custard is..to be poured over the filling after baking. b. As a modifier (in sense 1), as in codling apple, codling hedge, codling tree, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > apple tree > varieties of birtle-tree1483 wyde?1523 renneta1568 pearmain1597 codling tree1629 codling1651 passe-pomme1691 Rhode Island greening1795 Spitzenberg1795 tulip-apple1842 Wagener1848 sweet-bough1850 Lord Derby1862 Chinese crab1882 the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > apple > [noun] > cooking-apple > types of codlingc1390 rambour1600 codling apple1654 biffin1794 Keswick codlin1814 Wellington1821 Lord Derby1862 Lane's Prince Albert1875 Bramley('s) seedling1900 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple > cooking apple > types of codlingc1390 rambour1600 codling apple1654 stubbard1736 biffin1794 Spitzenberg1795 Keswick codlin1814 Wellington1821 Wellington apple1824 Rome beauty1846 Lord Derby1862 Lane's Prince Albert1875 Bramley('s) seedling1900 Newton Wonder1932 1629 Accts. St. John's Hosp., Canterbury (Canterbury Cathedral Archives: CCA-U13/5) When the quodlinge tree was sold. 1654 E. Gayton Pleasant Notes Don Quixot i. viii. 28 Poore Sancho laments the windfall his Master [sic], and was gathering him up like a bruised Codling Apple. a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) 267 The Branch of a Willow, Codling-Tree or Vine will take root being set in the ground. a1741 C. Fiennes Through Eng. on Side Saddle (1888) 300 A Coddling hedge secured a walke of orange and Lemmon trees in perfection. 1768 D. Monro in Philos. Trans. 1767 (Royal Soc.) 57 489 Having got two dozen of codling apples, I cut them to pieces, put them into a large earthen vessel, and poured three quarts of water upon them. 1882 Garden 4 Feb. 72/2 Most of the Codlin tribe..keep equally free from canker or mildew. 1953 New Statesman 11 July 44/2 Usually, he said, spokes were of oak, but he had made these of apple wood which came from Gordy Orton's old codlin orchard that's now the Council houses. 2008 Independent on Sunday (Nexis) 26 Oct. (New Review) 61 A two-year-old Keswick Codlin tree costs £21.20. c. As a modifier (in sense 3), as in codling grub, codling spray, codling worm, etc. ΚΠ 1844 G. Emerson Johnson's Farmer's Encycl. (new ed.) 765/1 Some interesting facts..serving to establish the difference between the plum-weevil and apple-worm (codling caterpillar), will be found. 1873 3rd Ann. Rep. Noxious & Beneficial Insects State Illinois i. 176 The gathering of windfall apples, either by ourselves or by the aid of domestic animals, enables us to destroy less than half of the Codling-worms. 1926 F. W. Pettey Codling Moth: Measures Necessary to Control Pest 10 Unless a codling trap is present in the storeroom containing such wormy fruits, the majority of the worms will have left by the time the fruits have ripened. 1979 Grower 21 June 1/1 Orchards in Sussex and west Kent which have suffered severe damage in recent years should receive the first codling spray this week. 2000 Common Ground Bk. Orchards xiii. 182/2 Chickens, which gobble up codling grubs before they become moths, need to be given enough room to roam. C2. codling-shaped adj. (in form codlin-shaped) having the tapering elongated shape of a codling apple. ΚΠ 1848 Gardeners' Chron. & Agric. Gaz. 28 Oct. 720/2 The fruit, small and codlin-shaped, has not a single trace of the Ribston Pippin character belonging to it. 1895 E. Step Wayside & Woodland Blossoms 16 The spathe and spadix wither, but the ovaries develop into codlin-shaped pale scarlet berries. 2002 J. Morgan & A. Richards New Bk. Apples 208/3 Large, ribbed, codlin shaped. Slightly sharp. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022). codlingn.³ Brit. /ˈkɒdlɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈkɑdlɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: cod n.¹, -ling suffix¹. Etymology: < cod n.¹ + -ling suffix¹. †1. In plural. The castor sacs or glands of a beaver (originally believed to be testicles). Cf. cod n.¹ 3b. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Castoridae (beaver) > inguinal sac(s) cod1551 codlings1605 follicle1646 beaver-stones1697 oilstone1799 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. vi. 166 The wise Beuer, who pursued by foes, Tears-off his Codlings [Fr. ses genitoires faux] and among them throwes. 2. In plural. The testicles, or the testicles and scrotum considered together. Cf. cod n.¹ 3a. ΚΠ ?1691 Irish Rogue v. 65 Their Dam [sc. a sow] renewed her fit of grunting, and nuzling in my Breech, as if she had longed for my Codlings. 1974 R. Gardner Adventures Don Juan iii. 34 A copper basin containing a display the likes of which I had never seen before, yet which I knew immediately..to be the severed yard and codlings of a man no longer in the vicinity. 1983 R. Curtis & R. Atkinson Black Adder in R. Curtis et al. Blackadder: Whole Damn Dynasty (1998) 96/9 Prepare to be strung by your codlings from the boughs of that tree. 2005 Arena May 100/1 This has nothing to do with the impressive size of Gere's codlings, but because she was so distraught at the idea of appearing naked. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † codlingn.⁴ Origin: Apparently formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: cod n.¹, -ling suffix¹. Etymology: Apparently < cod n.¹ (compare sense 2 at that entry) + -ling suffix¹.Compare discussion of the early quotations at hot codlings at codling n.² Phrases 1, which could perhaps refer to hot green peas. Obsolete. rare. In plural: (probably) green peas. Cf. cod n.¹ 2.In quot. ?c1640 probably with punning allusion to cod n.¹ 3a (compare also codling n.³). ΚΠ ?c1640 W. Rowley et al. Witch of Edmonton (1658) ii. i. 20 In the Pease-field? Has she a minde to Codlings already? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020). † codlingn.⁵ Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Origin unknown.Perhaps compare codd n.¹ and the Dutch forms cited at that entry. Obsolete. A stave; a thin, narrow piece of wood used esp. for making casks. ΚΠ 1860 C. Knight Eng. Cycl.: Arts & Sci. III. 184 The wood is sawn into lengths, and these into narrower pieces called codlings. 1874 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. I. 583/1 Codling, a balk sawed into lengths for staves. It is cleft or rived into staves by means of a frow and mallet. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.¹1304n.²c1390n.³1605n.⁴?c1640n.⁵1860
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codlingn.1

Compounds

codlingn.2

Phrases

Compounds

codlingn.3

† codlingn.4

† codlingn.5

codlingn.¹

codlingn.²

codlingn.³

† codlingn.⁴

† codlingn.⁵