cloudn.

Brit.

/klaʊd/, U.S.

/klaʊd/

Forms: Old English clúd, Middle English clud, clod, (Middle English clode, clude, cloyd, kloude), Middle English–1500s clowd(e, Middle English–1600s cloude, Middle English–1700s clowd, Middle English– cloud, (1500s–1800s Scottish clud).

Etymology: In the sense ‘rock, hill’ Old English had clúd (masculine), early Middle English clūd , later cloud ; and this also occurs in Middle English in the sense ‘clod’ (which may actually be as old or older than 1). The current sense, 3, is found first in end of 13th cent. and is apparently the same word, applied to a ‘cumulus’ in the sky. Old English clúd was on Old Germanic type *klûdo-z (pre-Germanic type *glūˈto -) < same root as clod n., the original sense being ‘mass formed by agglomeration, cumulus’. In Scots the vowel was shortened at an early date, giving clud(now /klʌd/).

I. Obsolete senses.

†1. A mass of rock; a hill.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill > [noun]

cloudc893

downOE

hillc1000

penOE

holmc1275

woldc1275

clotc1325

banka1393

knotc1400

nipc1400

rist1577

kop1835

c893 tr. Orosius Hist. vi. ii Cludas feollon of muntum.

c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) ix. xxvii. 53 Rupes, clud.

c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) ix. xxviii. 55 Collis, beorh oððe clud.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2656 Ȝho..for anan. Vpp inn till heȝhe cludess.

a1250 Owl & Nightingale 1001 Cnarres and cludes.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15914 Þat folc..wuneden in þe cluden.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10948 Heo ut of cluden..comen [c1300 Otho hii cropen vt of cloudes].

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4338 Swiðe wes þe hul bi-clused mid cludes of stane.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 22695 (MED) Þe cludes [Fairf. 14 cloudis, Trin. Cambr. clodes] to þe se sal rin For to hid þam þar-in.

†2. A consolidated mass of earth or clay, = clod n. 2, 3a, 3b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > [noun] > a dense or solid thing or body > of something

clouda1350

clota1398

clodc1420

cake1549

dodge1562

concretion1617

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > [noun] > clod > as substance

clouda1350

clotc1400

clod1557

a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 44 Wormes woweþ vnder cloude.

c1460 Cov. Myst. 402 Surgentes dicant, Ha! a! a! cleve asunder ȝe clowdys of clay.

II. Extant senses.

a. A visible mass of condensed watery vapour floating in the air at some considerable height above the general surface of the ground.Clouds are commonly classified in four kinds, cirrus, cumulus, stratus, and nimbus; with intermediate kinds, as cirro-cumulus, etc. See these words.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > [noun] > a cloud

welkinc825

clouda1300

skya1300

nebulec1450

walka1522

a1300 Fragm. Pop. Sc. (Wright) 207 Ther-as the blake clouden beoth, and other wederes beoth also.

a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xvii. 13 Clowdes of þe aeire.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 2580 A uoice þan thoru a clod [Gött. cloud, Fairf. cloude] said.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 16267 For to climbe þe cludes all þe sunn sal haf þe might.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 84 Clowde of þe skye, nubes, nubecula.

1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1710) xiii. x. 13 Ane huge bleis of flambys brade doun fel Furth of the cluddis.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 12471 The clere aire ouercast with cloudys.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) v. iii. 10 Euery Cloud engenders not a Storme.

1647 H. More Philos. Poems ii. App. xcii Vapours..closely do conspire, Clumper'd in balls of clouds.

1756 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. I. 413 Another altar exhibits the virgin Mary in the clouds.

1846 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters (ed. 3) I. 224 Clouds..are not so much local vapour, as vapour rendered locally visible by a fall of temperature.

b. As a substance (without plural): Visible condensed vapour floating high in the air.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > [noun]

clouda1340

a1340 R. Rolle Psalter cxlvii. 5 Kloude as aske he strewis.

1841 R. W. Emerson Friendship in Ess. 1st Ser. (London ed.) 212 Yonder bar of cloud that sleeps on the horizon.

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 40 Vapour, previously unseen, makes its appearance as cloud, or mist, or fog.

c. Often rhetorically used in plural (also formerly in singular) for ‘the sky, the heavens’.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > sky, heavens > [noun]

roofeOE

welkinc825

heaveneOE

heightOE

heavenOE

liftOE

loftOE

welkin1122

skies?a1289

firmamentc1290

skewa1300

spherea1300

skewsc1320

hemispherec1374

cope of heavenc1380

clouda1400

skya1425

elementc1485

axle-treea1522

scrowc1540

pole1572

horizona1577

vaulta1586

round?1593

the cope1596

pend1599

floor1600

canopy1604

cope1609

expansion1611

concameration1625

convex1627

concave1635

expansum1635

blue1647

the expanse1667

blue blanket1726

empyrean1727

carry1788

span1803

overhead1865

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 18402 Be-for þat wiþerwin sa prud We sal stei vp vte ouer þe clode [Gött. clude, Trin. Cambr. cloude; c1460 Laud clowde].

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Ecclus. xxxv. 20 His preyer schal neiȝe til to the clowdis.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 3873 Was neuer kyng vnder cloude his knightes more louet.

1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet iv. iv. 101 She is aduanst Aboue the Cloudes, as high as heauen it selfe.

1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits xiv. 234 It treads the clouds as securely as the adamant.

†d. Phrase.

ΚΠ

1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xii. 302 He cowde not holde hym selfe by the clowdes, syth that his horse had faylled hym.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 670 I cannot holde by the Cloudes, for though my horse fayled me, surely I will not fayle my counterpanion.

e. As a type of the fleeting or unsubstantial.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > substantiality or concreteness > unsubstantiality or abstractness > [noun] > unsubstantiality or lack of substance > something lacking substance

breathc1275

winda1382

vapour1382

cloudc1384

gossamer?a1400

webc1400

comedown1583

bubble1598

anatomy1605

carcass1612

intentional1658

blank1678

ethereality1819

breath bubble1835

the world > time > duration > shortness or brevity in time > swift movement of time > [noun] > transience > transient thing or being

shadowa1272

breathc1275

cloudc1384

cherry-fair1393

transitorya1500

fume1531

forwhilea1557

flitter1623

ephemeran1643

daysman1658

transient1660

fugitive1683

transiency1728

ephemera1751

ephemeron1771

perishable1822

toadstool1823

evanescence1830

a sometime thing1935

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Hosea vi. 4 Ȝour mercy as a morew cloude, and as dewe erly passynge forth.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 387 Saiyng..that all which he mistrusted should passe awaye lyke a clowde.

1859 Ld. Tennyson Lancelot & Elaine 880 in Idylls of King The bright image of one face..Dispersed his resolution like a cloud.

1862 J. Ruskin Munera Pulveris (1880) 27 The science of Political Economy would remain..the weighing of clouds, and the portioning out of shadows.

4. transferred. Applied to the two large nebulæ ( Magellanic Clouds) near the south pole of the heavens; and to the ‘coal-sack’ ( Black Magellanic Cloud) at the foot of the Southern Cross.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > constellation > galaxy > [noun] > magellanic cloud(s)

Magellan Cloud1615

nubecula1678

Magellanic Clouds1694

the world > the universe > constellation > nebula > [noun] > dark nebula > coal-sack

cloud1694

coal sack1844

black hole1876

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 247^v We..sawe manifestly twoo clowdes of reasonable bygnesse mouynge abowt the place of the pole continually.

1694 J. Narborough Acct. Several Late Voy. (1711) i. 48 The two Clouds are seen very plainly, and a small black Cloud, which the foot of the Cross is in, is always very visible when the Crosiers are above the horizon.

1710 Brit. Apollo 15–17 May What by Marriners are called Magellanic-Clouds.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Coal-sacks, An early name of some dark patches of sky in the Milky Way, nearly void of stars..The largest patch is near the Southern Cross, and called the Black Magellanic Cloud.

1872 R. A. Proctor Ess. Astron. ii. 20 Multitudes of star-cloudlets scattered among the myriads of minute stars which produce the milky light of the Magellanic Clouds.

5. transferred.

a. A cloud-like mass of smoke or dust floating in the air.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > granular texture > [noun] > state of being powdery > dust > cloud of

cloud1382

stew1487

dust1581

pother1627

reek1854

calina1887

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [noun] > smoke > a volume, cloud, etc., of

cloud1382

smoke1388

sop1513

fog1597

mushroom cloud1909

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Lev. xvi. 13 The swete smellynge spices putt vp on the fier, the clowde of hem and the breeth couer Goddis answeryng place.

1611 Bible (King James) Ezek. viii. 11 A thicke cloud of incense went vp.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 101 Clouds of Sand arise.

1842 Ld. Tennyson Palace of Art (rev. ed.) in Poems (new ed.) I. 138 A statue..tossing up..A cloud of incense..From out a golden cup.

1891 N.E.D. at Cloud Mod. Enveloped in a thick cloud of smoke.

b. to blow (raise obs.) a cloud: to smoke tobacco. (colloquial or slang.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > smoking > smoke [verb (intransitive)]

whiff1602

smoke1617

to blow (raise obs.) a cloud1699

drawa1774

smook1805

blow1808

to have (or take) a smoke1835

tobacconize1876

shoch1898

inhale1933

fag1940

to have a burn1941

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Will ye raise a Cloud, shall we Smoke a Pipe?

1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl.

1844 W. H. Maxwell Wanderings in Highlands & Islands I. iii. 70 He blew a cloud.

c1855 N. Hawthorne Mother Rigby's Pipe i Smoke, puff, blow thy cloud.

a. A local appearance of dimness or obscurity in an otherwise clear liquid or transparent body.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > transparency or translucence > opacity > [noun] > opaque object or medium > opaque part or area

cloud1541

opacity1796

1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) 88 b Yf they approche unto the hyghest region of the uryne, they be named cloudes.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 615 For cloudes and other paines in the eie of a sheepe.

1676 London Gaz. No. 1134/4 A bright bay Mare..she hath a dry cloud in the right eye, extending to a blindness.

1708 P. A. Motteux Wks. F. Rabelais (1737) v. xlii. 179 Crystal..without Veins, Clouds, Flaws.

1800 tr. E. J. B. Bouillon-Lagrange Man. Course Chem. I. 257 0·00003 of the sulphate of soda, in the same quantity of water occasions a light cloud.

1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone I. iii. 26 Holding the long glass by the foot, not to take the cloud off.

b. A patch of indeterminate outline on a surface of another colour; spec. a dark spot on the face of a horse.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > variegation > patch of colour > [noun] > cloudy patch

clouda1616

milkiness1791

clouding1849

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [noun] > head > white or dark mark on face

starOE

race?1523

ratch1558

clouda1616

shim1639

range1685

reach1857

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iii. ii. 51 Agr. He ha's a cloud in's face. Eno. He were the worse for that were he a Horse.

1675 London Gaz. No. 1039/4 A plain iron gray Nag, with a cloud in his face.

1676 London Gaz. No. 1120/4 A gray Mare..with a black cloud on one side of her face.

1702 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 23 1566 A white Schallop with brown Chesnut Clouds.

7. An innumerable body of insects, birds, etc., flying together; hence transferred and figurative a multitude (of persons or things), a crowd; esp. in cloud of witnesses, translating νέϕος μαρτύρων in Hebrews xii. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > large or numerous

legiona1325

rout?c1335

multitudec1350

thrave1377

cloudc1384

schoola1450

meiniec1450

throng1538

ruckc1540

multitudine1547

swarm1548

regiment1575

armya1586

volley1595

pile1596

battalion1603

wood1608

host1613

armada1622

crowd1628

battalia1653

squadron1668

raffa1677

smytrie1786

raft1821

squash1884

the world > animals > animals collectively > [noun] > swarm

swarm1560

cloud1590

horde1613

skreeda1838

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Heb. xii. 1 So greet a cloud of witnessis.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. i. sig. A6 A cloud of cumbrous gnattes doe him molest.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 340 A pitchy cloud Of Locusts.

1705 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1885) I. 112 A cloud of Informations was brought in by ye Attorney General.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. v. 171 The Spaniards..seeing nothing but a cloud of sail in pursuit of them.

1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xxi. 602 A cloud of arrows was discharged among the people.

1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud iv. ix, in Maud & Other Poems 20 With his head in a cloud of poisonous flies.

a1882 D. G. Rossetti Ballads & Sonn. Sunset Wings, Clouds of starlings.

8. A light loose-knitted woollen scarf worn by ladies.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for head or neck or body > [noun] > scarf > types of

weedsc1485

caprice1838

clouda1877

khatak1902

a1877 ‘A. Thomas’ Blotted Out i. 6 Some cousin who is in sore need of a sofa rug, or a counterpane, or a cloud.

a. transferred and figurative. Anything that obscures or conceals; ‘any state of obscurity or darkness’ (Johnson).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > [noun] > making obscure > that which conceals or obscures

veilc1384

cloud1509

smoke1565

the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > darkness or gloom > [noun] > concealing

cloud1753

1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure xiii. v The..arte of rethoryke..Under cloudes derke and termes eloquent.

1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses sig. Qi And yet..shall it be don inuisibly in a clowde.

1638 W. Chillingworth Relig. Protestants iii. §24. 138 The next Paragraph, if it be brought out of the clouds.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iii. 385 Begotten Son..In whose conspicuous count'nance, without cloud Made visible, th' Almighty Father shines.

1753 Extracts Trial J. Stewart in Scots Mag. Sept. 452/1 [He] went abroad under cloud of night.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth iv, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 102 They break into our houses under cloud of night.

b. in the clouds: obscure, mystical; fanciful, unreal; above the range of ordinary understanding (generally combining the notions of obscurity and elevation); cf. in the air at air n.¹ Phrases 2, up in a balloon; colloquial phrase (originally U.S.) on cloud seven or nine (see quot. 1960); also attributive; cf. seventh heaven n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > fancy or fantastic notion > [adverb] > in realm of fancy

in the cherubins1542

in the clouds1651

in the skies1845

in or beyond one's wildest dreams1961

the mind > emotion > pleasure > happiness > in a state of happiness [phrase]

on cloud seven or nine1956

1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. xxviii. 228 The reversion is in the Clouds, but the right of inheritance much more.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 176. ⁋11 They pry into the worlds of conjecture, and amuse themselves with phantoms in the clouds.

1832 T. Attwood Speech 7 May in Life (1885) xiii. 201 In the clouds were they [the House of Lords] cradled..in the clouds will they die.

1956 O. Duke Sideman ix. 120 Oh, she's off on Cloud Seven—doesn't even know we exist.

1959 Down Beat 14 May 20 I don't like strange music, I'm not on Cloud Nine.

1960 H. Wentworth & S. B. Flexner Dict. Amer. Slang 110/2 Cloud seven, on, completely happy, perfectly satisfied; in a euphoric state.

1963 Listener 14 Feb. 301/1 There we were. On cloud nine.

1963 Times 11 Mar. 9/4 Instead of Cloud Seven philosophy we got something much more materialistic.

10. figurative.

a. Anything that darkens or overshadows with gloom, trouble, affliction, suspicion; a state of gloom, etc.; also, a darkening of the countenance.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > darkness of trouble

darknessa1382

cloudc1430

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [noun] > depressing quality > depressing thing, person, or circumstances

cloudc1430

palla1450

melancholya1475

downdraughta1681

Job's comforter1738

damper1748

killjoy1776

wet blanket1810

down-drag1814

chill1821

dismals1829

shadow1855

down1856

a skeleton at the feast (or banquet)1857

wet blanket1857

depressor1868

dampener1887

sorry-go-round1898

wet smack1927

bringdown1935

droopy drawers1939

big chill1943

party pooper1947

misery1951

party poop1951

grinch1966

downer1969

c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1544) i. 14 b A cloude of small trespace Made her lorde at her to disdain.

a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. in Wks. (1846) I. 3 The same clud of ignorance, that long hath darkened many realmes.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. i. 3 All the cloudes that lowrd vpon our house.

1601 R. Yarington Two Lamentable Trag. sig. G4^v This duskie cloudes of thy vniust dispaire.

1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xvi. 563 Wrapp'd up in that melancholic Cloud.

1767 T. Hutchinson Hist. Province Massachusets-Bay, 1691–1750 i. 2 A cloud arose..upon the affairs of the colony.

1858 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire VI. lix. 550 A cloud of suspicion hangs to this day over the head of the historian.

1867 A. Trollope Last Chron. Barset II. lvi. 131 A heavy cloud came upon the archdeacon's brow.

b. under a cloud: in trouble or difficulties; out of favour; with a slur on one's character.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > in adversity [phrase]

on the gridiron1590

under a cloudc1605

down the weather1611

up the (also a) pole1897

on the mat1917

c1605 Lady Bessy (Harl. 367) (1847) 79 Then came he under a clowde, That some tyme in England was full hee.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Norf. 251 He was under a cloud at Court.

1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xvi. 569 Mountague..had lain privately in his own House, under a Cloud, and Jealousy of being inclined too much to the King.

1752 H. Fielding Amelia II. v. v. 123 I have known him do great Services to Gentlemen under a Cloud.

1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge xxxi. 112 Being under a cloud and having little differences with his relations.

Compounds

C1. General combinations:

a. Attributive (consisting of clouds, or of cloud).

cloud-bank n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > mist > [noun] > driving mist

rackc1400

cloud-bank1830

1830 J. Hodgson in J. Raine Mem. (1858) II. 176 A cloud-bank that seemed to rest on the sea.

cloud-base n.

ΚΠ

1952 C. Day Lewis tr. Virgil Aeneid iv. 77 Rumour..soon puffs itself up, And walking upon the ground, buries its head in the cloud-base.

cloud-blanket n.

cloud-cape n.

cloud-ceiling n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > [noun] > cloudiness > height of lowest cloud layer

ceiling1930

cloud-ceiling1945

1945 F. A. Berry et al. Handbk. Meteorol. x. 645 The cloud ceilings in advance of the warm front follow the slope of the frontal surface as long as no precipitation takes place.

1952 N. Morin & J. A. Smith tr. M. Herzog Annapurna viii. 120 The cloud ceiling was low, but we hoped the weather would become more settled.

cloud-cliff n.

ΚΠ

1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. I2 Why her two suns were clowd ecclipsed so.

1600 S. Nicholson Acolastus his After-witte sig. H4^v The cursed Fates haue cloud-ecclipst my Sun.

cloud-cloak n.

cloud-cover n.

ΚΠ

1943 T. D. Gordon Coastal Command viii. 76 The Hudson pilot tried to reach cloud cover.

cloud-curtain n.

ΚΠ

1855 H. W. Longfellow Hiawatha i. 19 Ascending, Through the opening of cloud-curtains.

cloud-flake n.

cloud-flock n.

cloud-floor n.

ΚΠ

1907 G. Bacon Record of Aeronaut xiv. 261 Bacon leant far out looking at the cloud floor.

1938 C. Day Lewis Overtures to Death 15 Crawling in echelon, Beneath the cloud-floor, the bombers come.

1940 Illustr. London News 197 4 The ‘holes’ in the cloud-floor provide the enemy pilot with frequent glimpses of the ground.

cloud-gate n.

cloud-island n.

cloud-mass n.

cloud-monster n.

cloud-squadron n.

ΚΠ

1924 A. J. Small Frozen Gold 228 Sullen cloud-squadrons banked up.

cloud-stratum n.

cloud-wall n.

ΚΠ

a1861 E. B. Browning House of Clouds in Wks. (1883) III. 69 Cloud-walls of the morning's grey.

b. General attributive and possessive (of or pertaining to a cloud or clouds).

cloud-colour n.

ΚΠ

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 31 These wilde Asses haue..a siluer colour, (that is as I gesse) a bright cloud-colour.

1929 E. Blunden Nat. in Eng. Lit. i. 35 His cloud-colours and rock masses.

cloud-control n.

cloud-embrace n.

cloud-flitting n.

cloud-fold n.

ΚΠ

a1861 A. H. Clough Dipsychus i. ii, in Lett. & Remains (1865) 155 Masses blue, And white cloud-folds.

cloud-form n.

cloud-gloom n.

cloud-glory n.

cloud-nymph n.

cloud-rift n.

cloud-serpent n.

cloud-shadow n.

ΚΠ

1875 W. McIlwraith Guide Wigtownshire 22 Time flies, swift as the cloud-shadows along the hillsides.

1938 R. Graves Coll. Poems 56 Where slow cloud-shadow strayed across A pasture of thin heath and moss.

cloud-shape n.

ΚΠ

1907 Macmillan's Mag. Feb. 287 A sense of airy living in a castle of cloud-shapes.

cloud-tempest n.

c. Objective.

cloud-cleaver n.

cloud-disperser n.

cloud-dispelling adj.

cloud-dividing adj.

ΚΠ

1757 J. Dyer Fleece i. 10 Slopes of cloud-dividing hills.

cloud-piercing adj.

ΚΠ

1708 J. Philips Cyder i. 106 That Cloud-piercing Hill, Plinlimmon.

1827 J. Keble Christian Year II. li. 1 Haughty Jericho's cloud-piercing wall.

cloud-scaling adj.

ΚΠ

1615 J. Taylor Siege Jerusalem A proud, cloud-scaling towre.

cloud-surmounting adj.

ΚΠ

1781 W. Cowper Retirem. 79 The cloud-surmounting alps.

cloud-touching adj.

d. Instrumental and locative.

cloud-barred adj.

ΚΠ

1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. IV 13 The cloud-barred east.

cloud-born adj.

ΚΠ

1596 M. Drayton Mortimeriados sig. H 4 Clowd-borne care, hence vanish for a time.

1824 T. Campbell Scene in Bavaria in Poems ii Cloud-born thunder.

cloud-bound adj.

ΚΠ

1898 J. G. Whittier Poet. Wks. 474/2 Or saw the tabernacle pause, Cloud-bound.

1945 E. Waugh Brideshead Revisited 174 Like a gull..out of sight, cloud-bound.

cloud-coifed adj.

cloud-compacted adj.

ΚΠ

?1592 Trag. Solyman & Perseda sig. D My moyst and cloud compacted braine.

cloud-courtiered adj.

cloud-covered adj.

ΚΠ

1630 M. Drayton Moses iii, in Muses Elizium 171 This cloud-couered hill.

cloud-crammed adj.

cloud-crossed adj.

cloud-curtained adj.

cloud-drowned adj.

cloud-eclipsed adj.

cloud-enveloped adj.

cloud-flecked adj.

cloud-girt adj.

ΚΠ

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. ii. 498 Cloud-girt, who dwell'st in heav'n thy throne sublime.

cloud-laden adj.

cloud-led adj.

cloud-rocked adj.

cloud-surrounded adj.

ΚΠ

1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound ii. i. 67 Like radiance from the cloud-surrounded morn.

cloud-topt adj.

ΚΠ

1733 A. Pope Ess. Man i. 106 Behind the cloud-topt hill.

1757 T. Gray Ode II i. iii, in Odes 15 Made huge Plinlimmon bow his cloud-top't head.

cloud-veiled adj.

ΚΠ

1894 Outing 183 Mountain heights, cloud-veiled, snow-crowned.

1967 G. Watkins in Coast to Coast 1965–6 209 The glare of the cloud-veiled sun.

cloud-woven adj.

cloud-wrapt adj.

ΚΠ

a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia in Poems (1878) III. To Rdr. 129 The Barren Cloud-wrapt Hill.

cloud-like adj. and adv.

ΚΠ

a1649 W. Drummond Poems (1656) 144 The feather'd Sylvans; Cloud-like by her flie.

1870 D. Rock Textile Fabrics (S. Kensington Mus.) Introd. p. lxv India is..famous for its cloud-like transparent muslins.

C2. Special combinations:

cloud-ascending adj. ascending to the clouds, as high as the clouds.

ΚΠ

1636 G. Sandys Paraphr. Psalmes David xcii. (T.) On Cloud-ascending Lebanon.

cloud-assembler n. he who collects the clouds (translating Greek νεϕεληγερέτα, epithet of Zeus in Homer).

ΚΠ

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. i. 636 To whom the cloud-assembler..spake.

cloud-attack n. Military an attack preceded by the discharge of poison gas.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > attack > [noun] > other types of attack

gas attack1915

strafing1917

cloud-attack1918

pistolade2002

1918 W. Hutchinson Doctor in War (1919) xiv. 185 The cloud-attack method of using poison-gas.

cloud-banner n. (see quot. 1906).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > [noun] > a cloud > cloud to leeward of mountain-top

cloud-banner1906

banner cloud1909

1906 Monthly Weather Rev. (U.S.) 34 158/2 Cloud banners. The air..expands just enough to form a slight cloud or haze, which floats like a flag or banner to leeward of the mountain top.

1912 W. I. Milham Meteorol. i. v. 218 The air moving over the summit is cooled below the dew point, and a cloud banner streams out from the mountain top.

cloud-belt n. a belt or zone of clouds; spec. = cloud-ring n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > region of the earth > zone or belt > [noun] > in relation to climate or weather conditions > specific

temperate zone1556

horse latitudes1777

sunland1827

iceland1842

pole of cold1850

storm-area1853

cloud-belt1860

cloud-ring1860

snow-belt1874

taiga1888

storm-zone1889

storm-belt1891

cold pole1909

icebox1909

1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) xi. 19 Radiation from land and sea below the cloud-belt is thus interrupted.

cloud-berg n. a large mass or ‘mountain’ of cloud (after ice-berg).

ΚΠ

1879 J. R. Lowell Poet. Wks. 388 As the cloudbergs eastward blow.

cloud-built adj. built of clouds; also figurative, built in the clouds.

ΚΠ

1765 O. Goldsmith Ess. in R. G. Latham Dict. Eng. Lang. (1872) So vanished my cloudbuilt palace.

cloud-burst n. [German Wolkenbruch] originally U.S. a violent storm of rain, a ‘waterspout’.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > [noun] > a or the fall of rain > downpour > sudden

rashOE

waterspout1586

downfall1603

plumpa1688

spate1727

cloud-burst1872

a1817 T. Dwight Trav. New-Eng. & N.-Y. (1822) III. 249 This deluge, which they call the bursting of a cloud, took place in Oct. 1784.]

1872 Amer. Naturalist 6 71 In the mountains there are ‘cloud bursts’, when the rains fall in a cataract, and filling the gulches sweep every thing before them.

1881 Chicago Times 11 June The village of Seven Star Springs..was nearly annihilated last night by a water-spout or a cloud-burst.

1888 Sc. Leader 21 July Twenty persons were killed by a terrible Cloud-burst in Virginia yesterday.

1891 G. F. X. Griffith tr. C. Fouard Christ I. vi. 308 Caught in one of these furious cloud-bursts, the little vessels were scattered far and wide.

1899 Westm. Gaz. 27 Mar. 5/2 A cloud-burst broke over Sidi-Naour, in Tunis, yesterday.

1904 Scott. Hist. Rev. Oct. 89 The cloudburst and flood of a dozen years ago.

1911 J. Muir My First Summer in Sierra 63 Heavy thunder-showers, called ‘cloud-bursts’.

cloud-castle n. a ‘castle in the air’ (see castle n. 11).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > mental image, idea, or fancy > daydream or reverie > [noun]

castle in Spainc1400

reverie1477

brown studyc1555

castle in the skies1576

castle in the air1579

comedown1583

memento1587

towers in the air1599

daydream1651

dream1732

air castle1786

châteaux in air1793

chateau(x) en Espagne1834

cloud-castle1887

pipe dream1890

fantasy1926

1887 J. R. Lowell Democracy & Other Addr. 95 Many..minds found his cloud castles solid habitations.

cloud chamber n. an apparatus, invented by C. T. R. Wilson, used for experiments involving water vapour, esp. one containing air or other gas super-saturated with water vapour, through which charged particles are passed and become identifiable after condensation of the vapour; cf. Wilson n.²

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > chambers for specific reactions

poison tower1839

pressure chamber1857

Glover (also Glover's) tower1871

cloud chamber1897

bubble chamber1902

proportional counter1932

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > apparatus for detecting charged particles > [noun]

cloud chamber1897

Wilson1917

1897 C. T. R. Wilson in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 189 269 Watching the behaviour of the air in the cloud chamber.

1911 C. T. R. Wilson in Proc. Royal Soc. A. 85 285 The clouds are viewed through the roof of the cloud-chamber, which is of glass, coated below with a uniform layer of clear gelatine.

1934 Nature 28 Apr. 640/2 The instruments with which the [cosmic] rays have been investigated have been the ionisation chamber, the counter and the cloud chamber.

1941 Electronic Engin. 14 539 The values found in cloud chamber experiments.

1965 New Scientist 29 Apr. 306/1 The cloud chamber reveals charged particles by the preferential deposition along their trajectories of droplets condensed from a saturated vapour or vapour gas mixture.

† cloud-checking adj. Obsolete stopping the course of the clouds.

ΚΠ

1618 S. Rowlands Sacred Memorie 15 A most hie cloud-checking hill.

cloud-compeller n. he who collects (Latin compellere) or drives the clouds, translating νεϕεληγερέτα = cloud-assembler n.; also humorously, a smoker.

ΚΠ

1718 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad IV. xvi. 557 The Cloud-compeller overcome, Assents to Fate.

1865 Times 23 Aug. What avails it..if everywhere..the cloud-compellers have you at their mercy?

cloud-compelling adj. (also in general sense ‘that collects clouds’).

ΚΠ

1645 E. Waller Wks. 6 Bacchus the seed of cloud compelling Iove.

1744 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons (new ed.) 165 Abyssinia's Cloud-compelling Cliffs.

cloud-drift n. a body of clouds drifting or floating through the air.

cloud-field n. an expanse of clouds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > [noun] > a cloud > (mass of) clouds

rackc1400

cloud-field1841

1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes i. 10 More like a cloudfield, than a distant continent of firm-land and facts!

cloud forest n. a forest almost constantly under clouds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > wood or assemblage of trees or shrubs > [noun] > characteristic of particular habitat or period

maquis1829

motte1844

amber forest1846

caatinga1846

native bush1853

chena1877

monsoon forest1903

rainforest1903

tropical rainforest1903

padang1909

cloud forest1922

macchia1924

the world > the earth > land > landscape > fertile land or place > land with vegetation > [noun] > wooded land > types of

ripplelOE

wildwooda1122

rough1332

firth?a1400

tod stripec1446

osiard1509

bush1523

bush-ground1523

fritha1552

island1638

oak landc1658

pinelandc1658

piney wood1666

broom-land1707

pine barrenc1721

pine savannah1735

savannah1735

thick woods1754

scrub-land1779

olive wood1783

primeval forest1789

open wood1790

strong woods1792

scrub1805

oak flata1816

sertão1816

sprout-land1824

flatwoods1841

bush-land1842

tall timber1845

amber forest1846

caatinga1846

mahogany scrub1846

bush-flat1847

myall country1847

national forest1848

selva1849

monte1851

virgin forest1851

bush-country1855

savannah forest1874

bush-range1879

bushveld1879

protection forest1889

mulga1896

wood-bush1896

shinnery1901

fringing forest1903

monsoon forest1903

rainforest1903

savannah woodland1903

thorn forest1903

tropical rainforest1903

gallery forest1920

cloud forest1922

rain jungle1945

mato1968

1922 A. G. Ruthven Amphibians & Reptiles Sierra Nev. Col. 42 Tropical rain forest, becoming gradually wetter... Cloud forest, in general like the rain forest, but cooler and more humid.

cloud-headed adj. having a ‘cloudy’ head or confused ideas, muddle-headed.

cloud-kissing adj. so high as to touch the clouds.

ΚΠ

1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates 650 (T.) A steep cloud-kissing rocke.

1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. K1^v Threatning cloud-kissing Illion with annoy.

† cloud-light n. Obsolete clouded light, dim light (also figurative).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > insecure knowledge, uncertainty > [noun] > unclear condition

obscurity1474

mist1532

cloud-lighta1536

indeterminateness1644

undistinction1647

indeterminacy1649

indistinction1651

undeterminateness1653

inestimability1678

undefinableness?1705

confusion1729

obnubilation1753

cloudiness1779

indistinctness1783

haze1790

haziness1796

vagueness1799

nebulosity1809

undefinednessa1832

undecidedness1897

indeterminism1928

fuzziness1973

smog1976

a1536 W. Tyndale Wks. 12 (R.) That God would..deliuer them from their shadowes and cloudelight.

† cloud-monger n. Obsolete (see quot.).

ΚΠ

1830 W. Scott Lett. Demonol. & Witchcraft x. 401 A cloud-monger, a diviner by looking up to the clouds.

cloud negative n. a negative produced in photographing clouds or the sky.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > a photograph > [noun] > showing reversed light and shade

negative1841

neg1874

cloud negative1892

photonegative1941

reduction negative1945

1892 Photogr. Ann. II. 60 In the cloud negative the lighting must be in the opposite direction to what it is in the view.

cloud point n. Chemistry the temperature at which an oil or other liquid begins to cloud on cooling.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > liquid phase > [noun] > temperature points

titre1886

cloud point1934

1934 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Cloud point.

1965 Electronics Weekly 18 Aug. 4/6 The precipitation temperature, or cloud point, of gas oils.

cloud-rack n. a collection of broken clouds drifting across the sky.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > [noun] > a cloud > (mass of) clouds > driven by wind

rackc1400

ratch1558

scud1670

cloud-rack1847

1847 R. W. Emerson Poems 74 From the fixed cone the cloud-rack flowed Like ample banner flung abroad.

1855 H. W. Longfellow Hiawatha xxi. 283 Sweeping westward..Like the cloud-rack of a tempest.

cloud-ring n. spec. the cloudy zone of calms and variable winds at some distance on each side of the equator.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > region of the earth > zone or belt > [noun] > in relation to climate or weather conditions > specific

temperate zone1556

horse latitudes1777

sunland1827

iceland1842

pole of cold1850

storm-area1853

cloud-belt1860

cloud-ring1860

snow-belt1874

taiga1888

storm-zone1889

storm-belt1891

cold pole1909

icebox1909

1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) xi. 284 He has entered the doldrums, and is under the ‘cloud-ring’.

1862 Ld. Ashburton in Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 32 p. cxxvii Hurricanes..originate in or near those hot and densely-clouded spaces, sometimes spoken of as the ‘cloud-ring’.

cloud seeder n. a person who seeds clouds (seed v. 10c); an aircraft or apparatus used in cloud seeding.

ΚΠ

1948 Flying Mag. Nov. 42 (caption) Supercharged AT-6 was modified by Vest Aircraft Co., Denver, for use as cloud seeder.

1953 Jrnl. Amer. Water Works Assoc. 45 1144/1 The skilled commercial cloud seeder is qualified by training and experience to undertake the large-scale operations that make cloud seeding economically worthwhile.

1958 Ann. Reg. 1957 485 Experiments with an electrostatic cloud seeder consisting of an aircraft trailing two 300 ft. cables carrying a 50,000 volt charge of electricity.

1981 Economist 20 June 55/1 Utilities that hire cloud-seeders, hoping to increase water-flow into their reservoirs, may cause the heavens to fall on the tourist industry.

cloud-seeding n. (see seeding n.).

ΚΠ

1950 N.Y. Times 8 July (C-ed.) 15/7 Los Angeles, July 7 —— A cloud-seeding pilot was credited today with helping put out a 12,000-acre forest fire.

1955 Ann. Reg. 1954 400 Many cities..had come to rely on cloud-seeding to augment municipal water supplies.

1965 Economist 2 Oct. 43/2 This winter cloud-seeding to disperse fog will be carried out at more [U.S.] airports.

cloud street n. (see quot. 1954).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > [noun] > a cloud > cumulus > specific types

woolpack cloud1648

trade-wind cloud1902

cloud street1954

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > fluid dynamics > [noun] > vortex > arrangement or region of vortices

vortex sheet1879

street1926

Kármán street of vortices1928

cloud street1954

1954 Jrnl. Brit. Interplan. Soc. 13 272 The most prominent clouds are thousands of bright cumuli—arrayed in roughly parallel bands, called ‘cloud streets’, which usually indicate direction of the wind.

cloud track n. the path of charged particles revealed in a cloud chamber.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > apparatus for detecting charged particles > [noun] > path revealed by

cloud trail1912

cloud track1923

1923 C. T. R. Wilson in Proc. Royal Soc. A. 104 197 The cloud track..has been formed by the passage of a β-particle.

1938 R. W. Lawson tr. G. von Hevesy & F. A. Paneth Man. Radioactivity (ed. 2) v. 61 The tertiary electrons can be distinguished from the secondary electrons by the aid of the cloud-track method.

1938 R. W. Lawson tr. G. von Hevesy & F. A. Paneth Man. Radioactivity (ed. 2) xxv. 280 Cloud tracks which could be ascribed to the cosmic radiation were to be found naturally on only a small fraction of the Wilson photographs.

cloud trail n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > apparatus for detecting charged particles > [noun] > path revealed by

cloud trail1912

cloud track1923

1912 C. T. R. Wilson in Proc. Royal Soc. A. 87 289 Cloud trails sufficiently sharply in focus..to..allow of the ions on which they have condensed being counted.

cloudward adv. towards the clouds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in upward direction > to the sky or air

upc888

aloftc1175

to skyward1582

skyward1655

skywards1755

cloudward1817

starward1818

airward1820

zenithward1835

airwards1852

cloudwards1856

skywardly1893

1817 S. T. Coleridge Blessed are ye that Sow Introd. p. viii Selfish schemes of climbing cloudward.

1859 I. Taylor Logic in Theol. 273 As the eagle soars cloudward.

cloudwards adv.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in upward direction > to the sky or air

upc888

aloftc1175

to skyward1582

skyward1655

skywards1755

cloudward1817

starward1818

airward1820

zenithward1835

airwards1852

cloudwards1856

skywardly1893

1856 T. De Quincey Confessions Eng. Opium-eater (rev. ed.) in Select. Grave & Gay V. 284 This mutilation for ever prevented it from aspiring cloudwards.

cloud-world n. a region of fancy or mystical speculation (cf. 9b, cloudland n.).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > mental image, idea, or fancy > realm of imagination > [noun] > imaginary place

fairyc1330

rumbelow?1515

Hogs Norton?1565

fairyland1600

wonderland1790

other world1804

dreamland1832

Fourth World1833

cloudland1846

Loamshire1859

looking-glass land1871

looking-glass world1871

under-land1874

cloud-world1884

Speewah1890

Ruritania1894

cloud-cuckoo-land1899

cuckoo-land1916

fantasy world1920

Squaresville1956

la-la land1979

1884 F. Harrison in 19th Cent. Mar. 504 The cloud-world of the transcendental.

Draft additions June 2012

a. Telecommunications. A network operated by a telecommunications service provider, used in routing data between different local networks.The image of a cloud is often used to represent such networks in diagrams.

ΚΠ

1989 Network World 19 June 47/1 It [is] especially capable of virtual net management, in which—to use the lightning bolt analogy—some user-transparent routing and transport is taking place through the public network cloud.

1991 Network World 23 Dec. 6/4 With dedicated leased lines, we had control of the route used to carry traffic between any two points... With SMDS, the RBHC tells customers not to worry about what's going on in the cloud.

1993 Byte Dec. 71/3 A fat T1 pipe from Bethesda into the frame-relay ‘cloud’ will enable headquarters to consolidate operations data from all these sites.

2004 E. C. Coll Telecom 101 (ed. 2) i. 12 When..troubleshooting circuits provided by network service providers, it is useful to know what is going on inside their network ‘cloud’.

b. Computing. With the: networked computing facilities providing remote data storage and processing services (typically via the internet), considered collectively. Also as count noun: a particular facility of this type. Cf. cloud computing n. at Additions a.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > network > [noun]

backbone1924

computer network1950

network1962

mesh1977

cloud1997

1997 InfoWorld 10 Nov. 60/1 I've never been a bigot for everything in the cloud and I'm certainly not for putting everything on the desktop.

1999 B. Gates in Computerworld 4 Jan. 28/4 The machine will be replicating information, and when you update it, the information will go up into a cloud and come down on other machines. Logically, the information will be in the cloud, but data will come to your machine, and the actual applications will be there.

2009 Wall St. Jrnl. 12 Oct. r2/2 Corporate computer and software suppliers..have touted internal clouds—also known as private clouds—based in a company's own data center.

2011 S. Jobs in N.Y. Times (National ed.) 7 June b1/5 We are going to demote the PC to just be a device. We are going to move the digital hub, the center of your digital life, into the cloud.

Draft additions June 2012

Computing.

cloud computing n. the use of networked facilities for the storage and processing of data rather than a user's local computer, access to data or services typically being via the internet; cf. grid computing n. at grid n. Additions.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > [noun] > use of computers

computing1946

computerization1958

informatization1984

affective computing1995

cloud computing1996

1996 Internal Document (Compaq Computer Corp.) 29 Oct. in Technol. Rev. (2011) 31 Oct. Cloud Computing: The Cloud has no Borders.

2001 N.Y. Times 9 Apr. c6/2 Mr [David] Winer began discussing cloud-computing ideas with several Microsoft developers in 1998.

2008 Guardian 25 Sept. (Technology section) 6/3 For some people, cloud computing simply means that their stuff is out there on the internet instead of being on a laptop or office server.

2011 Independent 10 Jan. (Viewspaper section) 12/1 Only 42 per cent of company directors and senior managers across Britain can claim a grasp of what cloud computing is.

b. attributive, with the sense ‘relating to or involving cloud computing’, as cloud provider, cloud service, cloud storage, etc.

ΚΠ

2001 B. Gates in InfoWorld 5 Nov. 86/1 We've got to get some very rich cloud Internet services.

2006 Wired Oct. 194/3 In this architecture, the data is mostly resident on servers ‘somewhere on the Internet’ and the application runs on both the ‘cloud servers’ and the user's browser.

2008 Computer Weekly 2 Dec. 3/2 Can you honestly trust a cloud provider to keep your data safe?

2009 Guardian 7 Oct. (Data Managem. Suppl.) 4/1 Cloud storage is shaping up as the future architecture for storage deployment.

2012 V. Mirchandani New Technol. Elite xx. 318 Amazon engaged in another session of analyst soul-searching after a significant outage in its cloud services in April of 2011.

Draft additions July 2011

cloud ear n. (more fully cloud ear fungus, cloud ear mushroom) an edible fungus, Auricularia polytricha, which grows in groups of brownish-grey fruiting bodies on dead wood and is used in East Asian cookery; also called black fungus, wood ear.

ΚΠ

1954 H. T. Huang in J. Needham Sci. & Civilisation in China VI. v. 145 The Kuang Chün Phu..describes twenty fungi, including several that would be familiar to a modern Chinese kitchen. For example, we see seven variants of mu erh..(wood-ear or cloud-ear), Auricularia auricula.

1979 Gourmet Dec. 136/3 The cloud ear fungus is a Chinese delicacy that, like shark's fin and wood ears, is valued for its texture rather than its flavor.

1991 Martha Stewart Living Sept. 74 Asian dishes often employ the fleshy Elephant Ear, also known as the tree ear or cloud ear.

2009 J. Ford Hotel Corner Bitter & Sweet 16 He ate his breakfast, a small pyramid of sticky rice, flavored with pork, and cloud ear mushrooms.

Draft additions December 2018

cloud inversion n. a layer of low-level cloud or thick fog in a valley, with clear sky above it, caused by a temperature inversion in which dry warm air at higher altitudes traps colder moist air below it; the occurrence of this phenomenon.

ΚΠ

1945 Report 600-279 (U.S. Army Air Forces, Weather Div.) 7 The convective lifting of the cloud inversion will be accompanied in more than half of the cases by haze aloft.

1994 Alpine Jrnl. 99 11 In the event it turned out to be a cool and moist anticyclone with a cloud inversion at 4200m.

2014 Telegraph (Nexis) 12 Dec. A rare weather phenomenon known as a ‘total cloud inversion’ had visitors at the Grand Canyon looking out on a sea of thick clouds.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	cloud
释义	cloudn. Brit. /klaʊd/, U.S. /klaʊd/ Forms: Old English clúd, Middle English clud, clod, (Middle English clode, clude, cloyd, kloude), Middle English–1500s clowd(e, Middle English–1600s cloude, Middle English–1700s clowd, Middle English– cloud, (1500s–1800s Scottish clud). Etymology: In the sense ‘rock, hill’ Old English had clúd (masculine), early Middle English clūd , later cloud ; and this also occurs in Middle English in the sense ‘clod’ (which may actually be as old or older than 1). The current sense, 3, is found first in end of 13th cent. and is apparently the same word, applied to a ‘cumulus’ in the sky. Old English clúd was on Old Germanic type klûdo-z (pre-Germanic type glūˈto -) < same root as clod n., the original sense being ‘mass formed by agglomeration, cumulus’. In Scots the vowel was shortened at an early date, giving clud(now /klʌd/). I. Obsolete senses. †1. A mass of rock; a hill. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill > [noun] cloudc893 downOE hillc1000 penOE holmc1275 woldc1275 clotc1325 banka1393 knotc1400 nipc1400 rist1577 kop1835 c893 tr. Orosius Hist. vi. ii Cludas feollon of muntum. c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) ix. xxvii. 53 Rupes, clud. c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) ix. xxviii. 55 Collis, beorh oððe clud. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2656 Ȝho..for anan. Vpp inn till heȝhe cludess. a1250 Owl & Nightingale 1001 Cnarres and cludes. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15914 Þat folc..wuneden in þe cluden. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10948 Heo ut of cluden..comen [c1300 Otho hii cropen vt of cloudes]. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4338 Swiðe wes þe hul bi-clused mid cludes of stane. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 22695 (MED) Þe cludes [Fairf. 14 cloudis, Trin. Cambr. clodes] to þe se sal rin For to hid þam þar-in. †2. A consolidated mass of earth or clay, = clod n. 2, 3a, 3b. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > [noun] > a dense or solid thing or body > of something clouda1350 clota1398 clodc1420 cake1549 dodge1562 concretion1617 the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > [noun] > clod > as substance clouda1350 clotc1400 clod1557 a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 44 Wormes woweþ vnder cloude. c1460 Cov. Myst. 402 Surgentes dicant, Ha! a! a! cleve asunder ȝe clowdys of clay. II. Extant senses. 3. a. A visible mass of condensed watery vapour floating in the air at some considerable height above the general surface of the ground.Clouds are commonly classified in four kinds, cirrus, cumulus, stratus, and nimbus; with intermediate kinds, as cirro-cumulus, etc. See these words. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > [noun] > a cloud welkinc825 clouda1300 skya1300 nebulec1450 walka1522 a1300 Fragm. Pop. Sc. (Wright) 207 Ther-as the blake clouden beoth, and other wederes beoth also. a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xvii. 13 Clowdes of þe aeire. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 2580 A uoice þan thoru a clod [Gött. cloud, Fairf. cloude] said. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 16267 For to climbe þe cludes all þe sunn sal haf þe might. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 84 Clowde of þe skye, nubes, nubecula. 1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1710) xiii. x. 13 Ane huge bleis of flambys brade doun fel Furth of the cluddis. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 12471 The clere aire ouercast with cloudys. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) v. iii. 10 Euery Cloud engenders not a Storme. View more context for this quotation 1647 H. More Philos. Poems ii. App. xcii Vapours..closely do conspire, Clumper'd in balls of clouds. 1756 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. I. 413 Another altar exhibits the virgin Mary in the clouds. 1846 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters (ed. 3) I. 224 Clouds..are not so much local vapour, as vapour rendered locally visible by a fall of temperature. b. As a substance (without plural): Visible condensed vapour floating high in the air. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > [noun] clouda1340 a1340 R. Rolle Psalter cxlvii. 5 Kloude as aske he strewis. 1841 R. W. Emerson Friendship in Ess. 1st Ser. (London ed.) 212 Yonder bar of cloud that sleeps on the horizon. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 40 Vapour, previously unseen, makes its appearance as cloud, or mist, or fog. c. Often rhetorically used in plural (also formerly in singular) for ‘the sky, the heavens’. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > sky, heavens > [noun] roofeOE welkinc825 heaveneOE heightOE heavenOE liftOE loftOE welkin1122 skies?a1289 firmamentc1290 skewa1300 spherea1300 skewsc1320 hemispherec1374 cope of heavenc1380 clouda1400 skya1425 elementc1485 axle-treea1522 scrowc1540 pole1572 horizona1577 vaulta1586 round?1593 the cope1596 pend1599 floor1600 canopy1604 cope1609 expansion1611 concameration1625 convex1627 concave1635 expansum1635 blue1647 the expanse1667 blue blanket1726 empyrean1727 carry1788 span1803 overhead1865 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 18402 Be-for þat wiþerwin sa prud We sal stei vp vte ouer þe clode [Gött. clude, Trin. Cambr. cloude; c1460 Laud clowde]. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Ecclus. xxxv. 20 His preyer schal neiȝe til to the clowdis. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 3873 Was neuer kyng vnder cloude his knightes more louet. 1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet iv. iv. 101 She is aduanst Aboue the Cloudes, as high as heauen it selfe. 1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits xiv. 234 It treads the clouds as securely as the adamant. †d. Phrase. ΚΠ 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xii. 302 He cowde not holde hym selfe by the clowdes, syth that his horse had faylled hym. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 670 I cannot holde by the Cloudes, for though my horse fayled me, surely I will not fayle my counterpanion. e. As a type of the fleeting or unsubstantial. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > substantiality or concreteness > unsubstantiality or abstractness > [noun] > unsubstantiality or lack of substance > something lacking substance breathc1275 winda1382 vapour1382 cloudc1384 gossamer?a1400 webc1400 comedown1583 bubble1598 anatomy1605 carcass1612 intentional1658 blank1678 ethereality1819 breath bubble1835 the world > time > duration > shortness or brevity in time > swift movement of time > [noun] > transience > transient thing or being shadowa1272 breathc1275 cloudc1384 cherry-fair1393 transitorya1500 fume1531 forwhilea1557 flitter1623 ephemeran1643 daysman1658 transient1660 fugitive1683 transiency1728 ephemera1751 ephemeron1771 perishable1822 toadstool1823 evanescence1830 a sometime thing1935 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Hosea vi. 4 Ȝour mercy as a morew cloude, and as dewe erly passynge forth. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 387 Saiyng..that all which he mistrusted should passe awaye lyke a clowde. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Lancelot & Elaine 880 in Idylls of King The bright image of one face..Dispersed his resolution like a cloud. 1862 J. Ruskin Munera Pulveris (1880) 27 The science of Political Economy would remain..the weighing of clouds, and the portioning out of shadows. 4. transferred. Applied to the two large nebulæ ( Magellanic Clouds) near the south pole of the heavens; and to the ‘coal-sack’ ( Black Magellanic Cloud) at the foot of the Southern Cross. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > constellation > galaxy > [noun] > magellanic cloud(s) Magellan Cloud1615 nubecula1678 Magellanic Clouds1694 the world > the universe > constellation > nebula > [noun] > dark nebula > coal-sack cloud1694 coal sack1844 black hole1876 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 247^v We..sawe manifestly twoo clowdes of reasonable bygnesse mouynge abowt the place of the pole continually. 1694 J. Narborough Acct. Several Late Voy. (1711) i. 48 The two Clouds are seen very plainly, and a small black Cloud, which the foot of the Cross is in, is always very visible when the Crosiers are above the horizon. 1710 Brit. Apollo 15–17 May What by Marriners are called Magellanic-Clouds. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Coal-sacks, An early name of some dark patches of sky in the Milky Way, nearly void of stars..The largest patch is near the Southern Cross, and called the Black Magellanic Cloud. 1872 R. A. Proctor Ess. Astron. ii. 20 Multitudes of star-cloudlets scattered among the myriads of minute stars which produce the milky light of the Magellanic Clouds. 5. transferred. a. A cloud-like mass of smoke or dust floating in the air. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > granular texture > [noun] > state of being powdery > dust > cloud of cloud1382 stew1487 dust1581 pother1627 reek1854 calina1887 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [noun] > smoke > a volume, cloud, etc., of cloud1382 smoke1388 sop1513 fog1597 mushroom cloud1909 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Lev. xvi. 13 The swete smellynge spices putt vp on the fier, the clowde of hem and the breeth couer Goddis answeryng place. 1611 Bible (King James) Ezek. viii. 11 A thicke cloud of incense went vp. View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 101 Clouds of Sand arise. View more context for this quotation 1842 Ld. Tennyson Palace of Art (rev. ed.) in Poems (new ed.) I. 138 A statue..tossing up..A cloud of incense..From out a golden cup. 1891 N.E.D. at Cloud Mod. Enveloped in a thick cloud of smoke. b. to blow (raise obs.) a cloud: to smoke tobacco. (colloquial or slang.) ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > smoking > smoke [verb (intransitive)] whiff1602 smoke1617 to blow (raise obs.) a cloud1699 drawa1774 smook1805 blow1808 to have (or take) a smoke1835 tobacconize1876 shoch1898 inhale1933 fag1940 to have a burn1941 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Will ye raise a Cloud, shall we Smoke a Pipe? 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. 1844 W. H. Maxwell Wanderings in Highlands & Islands I. iii. 70 He blew a cloud. c1855 N. Hawthorne Mother Rigby's Pipe i Smoke, puff, blow thy cloud. 6. a. A local appearance of dimness or obscurity in an otherwise clear liquid or transparent body. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > transparency or translucence > opacity > [noun] > opaque object or medium > opaque part or area cloud1541 opacity1796 1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) 88 b Yf they approche unto the hyghest region of the uryne, they be named cloudes. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 615 For cloudes and other paines in the eie of a sheepe. 1676 London Gaz. No. 1134/4 A bright bay Mare..she hath a dry cloud in the right eye, extending to a blindness. 1708 P. A. Motteux Wks. F. Rabelais (1737) v. xlii. 179 Crystal..without Veins, Clouds, Flaws. 1800 tr. E. J. B. Bouillon-Lagrange Man. Course Chem. I. 257 0·00003 of the sulphate of soda, in the same quantity of water occasions a light cloud. 1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone I. iii. 26 Holding the long glass by the foot, not to take the cloud off. b. A patch of indeterminate outline on a surface of another colour; spec. a dark spot on the face of a horse. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > variegation > patch of colour > [noun] > cloudy patch clouda1616 milkiness1791 clouding1849 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [noun] > head > white or dark mark on face starOE race?1523 ratch1558 clouda1616 shim1639 range1685 reach1857 a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iii. ii. 51 Agr. He ha's a cloud in's face. Eno. He were the worse for that were he a Horse. View more context for this quotation 1675 London Gaz. No. 1039/4 A plain iron gray Nag, with a cloud in his face. 1676 London Gaz. No. 1120/4 A gray Mare..with a black cloud on one side of her face. 1702 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 23 1566 A white Schallop with brown Chesnut Clouds. 7. An innumerable body of insects, birds, etc., flying together; hence transferred and figurative a multitude (of persons or things), a crowd; esp. in cloud of witnesses, translating νέϕος μαρτύρων in Hebrews xii. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > large or numerous legiona1325 rout?c1335 multitudec1350 thrave1377 cloudc1384 schoola1450 meiniec1450 throng1538 ruckc1540 multitudine1547 swarm1548 regiment1575 armya1586 volley1595 pile1596 battalion1603 wood1608 host1613 armada1622 crowd1628 battalia1653 squadron1668 raffa1677 smytrie1786 raft1821 squash1884 the world > animals > animals collectively > [noun] > swarm swarm1560 cloud1590 horde1613 skreeda1838 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Heb. xii. 1 So greet a cloud of witnessis. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. i. sig. A6 A cloud of cumbrous gnattes doe him molest. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 340 A pitchy cloud Of Locusts. View more context for this quotation 1705 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1885) I. 112 A cloud of Informations was brought in by ye Attorney General. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. v. 171 The Spaniards..seeing nothing but a cloud of sail in pursuit of them. 1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xxi. 602 A cloud of arrows was discharged among the people. 1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud iv. ix, in Maud & Other Poems 20 With his head in a cloud of poisonous flies. a1882 D. G. Rossetti Ballads & Sonn. Sunset Wings, Clouds of starlings. 8. A light loose-knitted woollen scarf worn by ladies. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for head or neck or body > [noun] > scarf > types of weedsc1485 caprice1838 clouda1877 khatak1902 a1877 ‘A. Thomas’ Blotted Out i. 6 Some cousin who is in sore need of a sofa rug, or a counterpane, or a cloud. 9. a. transferred and figurative. Anything that obscures or conceals; ‘any state of obscurity or darkness’ (Johnson). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > [noun] > making obscure > that which conceals or obscures veilc1384 cloud1509 smoke1565 the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > darkness or gloom > [noun] > concealing cloud1753 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure xiii. v The..arte of rethoryke..Under cloudes derke and termes eloquent. 1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses sig. Qi And yet..shall it be don inuisibly in a clowde. 1638 W. Chillingworth Relig. Protestants iii. §24. 138 The next Paragraph, if it be brought out of the clouds. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iii. 385 Begotten Son..In whose conspicuous count'nance, without cloud Made visible, th' Almighty Father shines. View more context for this quotation 1753 Extracts Trial J. Stewart in Scots Mag. Sept. 452/1 [He] went abroad under cloud of night. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth iv, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 102 They break into our houses under cloud of night. b. in the clouds: obscure, mystical; fanciful, unreal; above the range of ordinary understanding (generally combining the notions of obscurity and elevation); cf. in the air at air n.¹ Phrases 2, up in a balloon; colloquial phrase (originally U.S.) on cloud seven or nine (see quot. 1960); also attributive; cf. seventh heaven n. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > fancy or fantastic notion > [adverb] > in realm of fancy in the cherubins1542 in the clouds1651 in the skies1845 in or beyond one's wildest dreams1961 the mind > emotion > pleasure > happiness > in a state of happiness [phrase] on cloud seven or nine1956 1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. xxviii. 228 The reversion is in the Clouds, but the right of inheritance much more. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 176. ⁋11 They pry into the worlds of conjecture, and amuse themselves with phantoms in the clouds. 1832 T. Attwood Speech 7 May in Life (1885) xiii. 201 In the clouds were they [the House of Lords] cradled..in the clouds will they die. 1956 O. Duke Sideman ix. 120 Oh, she's off on Cloud Seven—doesn't even know we exist. 1959 Down Beat 14 May 20 I don't like strange music, I'm not on Cloud Nine. 1960 H. Wentworth & S. B. Flexner Dict. Amer. Slang 110/2 Cloud seven, on, completely happy, perfectly satisfied; in a euphoric state. 1963 Listener 14 Feb. 301/1 There we were. On cloud nine. 1963 Times 11 Mar. 9/4 Instead of Cloud Seven philosophy we got something much more materialistic. 10. figurative. a. Anything that darkens or overshadows with gloom, trouble, affliction, suspicion; a state of gloom, etc.; also, a darkening of the countenance. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > darkness of trouble darknessa1382 cloudc1430 the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [noun] > depressing quality > depressing thing, person, or circumstances cloudc1430 palla1450 melancholya1475 downdraughta1681 Job's comforter1738 damper1748 killjoy1776 wet blanket1810 down-drag1814 chill1821 dismals1829 shadow1855 down1856 a skeleton at the feast (or banquet)1857 wet blanket1857 depressor1868 dampener1887 sorry-go-round1898 wet smack1927 bringdown1935 droopy drawers1939 big chill1943 party pooper1947 misery1951 party poop1951 grinch1966 downer1969 c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1544) i. 14 b A cloude of small trespace Made her lorde at her to disdain. a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. in Wks. (1846) I. 3 The same clud of ignorance, that long hath darkened many realmes. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. i. 3 All the cloudes that lowrd vpon our house. View more context for this quotation 1601 R. Yarington Two Lamentable Trag. sig. G4^v This duskie cloudes of thy vniust dispaire. 1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xvi. 563 Wrapp'd up in that melancholic Cloud. 1767 T. Hutchinson Hist. Province Massachusets-Bay, 1691–1750 i. 2 A cloud arose..upon the affairs of the colony. 1858 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire VI. lix. 550 A cloud of suspicion hangs to this day over the head of the historian. 1867 A. Trollope Last Chron. Barset II. lvi. 131 A heavy cloud came upon the archdeacon's brow. b. under a cloud: in trouble or difficulties; out of favour; with a slur on one's character. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > in adversity [phrase] on the gridiron1590 under a cloudc1605 down the weather1611 up the (also a) pole1897 on the mat1917 c1605 Lady Bessy (Harl. 367) (1847) 79 Then came he under a clowde, That some tyme in England was full hee. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Norf. 251 He was under a cloud at Court. 1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xvi. 569 Mountague..had lain privately in his own House, under a Cloud, and Jealousy of being inclined too much to the King. 1752 H. Fielding Amelia II. v. v. 123 I have known him do great Services to Gentlemen under a Cloud. 1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge xxxi. 112 Being under a cloud and having little differences with his relations. Compounds C1. General combinations: a. Attributive (consisting of clouds, or of cloud). cloud-bank n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > mist > [noun] > driving mist rackc1400 cloud-bank1830 1830 J. Hodgson in J. Raine Mem. (1858) II. 176 A cloud-bank that seemed to rest on the sea. cloud-base n. ΚΠ 1952 C. Day Lewis tr. Virgil Aeneid iv. 77 Rumour..soon puffs itself up, And walking upon the ground, buries its head in the cloud-base. cloud-blanket n. cloud-cape n. cloud-ceiling n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > [noun] > cloudiness > height of lowest cloud layer ceiling1930 cloud-ceiling1945 1945 F. A. Berry et al. Handbk. Meteorol. x. 645 The cloud ceilings in advance of the warm front follow the slope of the frontal surface as long as no precipitation takes place. 1952 N. Morin & J. A. Smith tr. M. Herzog Annapurna viii. 120 The cloud ceiling was low, but we hoped the weather would become more settled. cloud-cliff n. ΚΠ 1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. I2 Why her two suns were clowd ecclipsed so. 1600 S. Nicholson Acolastus his After-witte sig. H4^v The cursed Fates haue cloud-ecclipst my Sun. cloud-cloak n. cloud-cover n. ΚΠ 1943 T. D. Gordon Coastal Command viii. 76 The Hudson pilot tried to reach cloud cover. cloud-curtain n. ΚΠ 1855 H. W. Longfellow Hiawatha i. 19 Ascending, Through the opening of cloud-curtains. cloud-flake n. cloud-flock n. cloud-floor n. ΚΠ 1907 G. Bacon Record of Aeronaut xiv. 261 Bacon leant far out looking at the cloud floor. 1938 C. Day Lewis Overtures to Death 15 Crawling in echelon, Beneath the cloud-floor, the bombers come. 1940 Illustr. London News 197 4 The ‘holes’ in the cloud-floor provide the enemy pilot with frequent glimpses of the ground. cloud-gate n. cloud-island n. cloud-mass n. cloud-monster n. cloud-squadron n. ΚΠ 1924 A. J. Small Frozen Gold 228 Sullen cloud-squadrons banked up. cloud-stratum n. cloud-wall n. ΚΠ a1861 E. B. Browning House of Clouds in Wks. (1883) III. 69 Cloud-walls of the morning's grey. b. General attributive and possessive (of or pertaining to a cloud or clouds). cloud-colour n. ΚΠ 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 31 These wilde Asses haue..a siluer colour, (that is as I gesse) a bright cloud-colour. 1929 E. Blunden Nat. in Eng. Lit. i. 35 His cloud-colours and rock masses. cloud-control n. cloud-embrace n. cloud-flitting n. cloud-fold n. ΚΠ a1861 A. H. Clough Dipsychus i. ii, in Lett. & Remains (1865) 155 Masses blue, And white cloud-folds. cloud-form n. cloud-gloom n. cloud-glory n. cloud-nymph n. cloud-rift n. cloud-serpent n. cloud-shadow n. ΚΠ 1875 W. McIlwraith Guide Wigtownshire 22 Time flies, swift as the cloud-shadows along the hillsides. 1938 R. Graves Coll. Poems 56 Where slow cloud-shadow strayed across A pasture of thin heath and moss. cloud-shape n. ΚΠ 1907 Macmillan's Mag. Feb. 287 A sense of airy living in a castle of cloud-shapes. cloud-tempest n. c. Objective. cloud-cleaver n. cloud-disperser n. cloud-dispelling adj. cloud-dividing adj. ΚΠ 1757 J. Dyer Fleece i. 10 Slopes of cloud-dividing hills. cloud-piercing adj. ΚΠ 1708 J. Philips Cyder i. 106 That Cloud-piercing Hill, Plinlimmon. 1827 J. Keble Christian Year II. li. 1 Haughty Jericho's cloud-piercing wall. cloud-scaling adj. ΚΠ 1615 J. Taylor Siege Jerusalem A proud, cloud-scaling towre. cloud-surmounting adj. ΚΠ 1781 W. Cowper Retirem. 79 The cloud-surmounting alps. cloud-touching adj. d. Instrumental and locative. cloud-barred adj. ΚΠ 1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. IV 13 The cloud-barred east. cloud-born adj. ΚΠ 1596 M. Drayton Mortimeriados sig. H 4 Clowd-borne care, hence vanish for a time. 1824 T. Campbell Scene in Bavaria in Poems ii Cloud-born thunder. cloud-bound adj. ΚΠ 1898 J. G. Whittier Poet. Wks. 474/2 Or saw the tabernacle pause, Cloud-bound. 1945 E. Waugh Brideshead Revisited 174 Like a gull..out of sight, cloud-bound. cloud-coifed adj. cloud-compacted adj. ΚΠ ?1592 Trag. Solyman & Perseda sig. D My moyst and cloud compacted braine. cloud-courtiered adj. cloud-covered adj. ΚΠ 1630 M. Drayton Moses iii, in Muses Elizium 171 This cloud-couered hill. cloud-crammed adj. cloud-crossed adj. cloud-curtained adj. cloud-drowned adj. cloud-eclipsed adj. cloud-enveloped adj. cloud-flecked adj. cloud-girt adj. ΚΠ 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. ii. 498 Cloud-girt, who dwell'st in heav'n thy throne sublime. cloud-laden adj. cloud-led adj. cloud-rocked adj. cloud-surrounded adj. ΚΠ 1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound ii. i. 67 Like radiance from the cloud-surrounded morn. cloud-topt adj. ΚΠ 1733 A. Pope Ess. Man i. 106 Behind the cloud-topt hill. 1757 T. Gray Ode II i. iii, in Odes 15 Made huge Plinlimmon bow his cloud-top't head. cloud-veiled adj. ΚΠ 1894 Outing 183 Mountain heights, cloud-veiled, snow-crowned. 1967 G. Watkins in Coast to Coast 1965–6 209 The glare of the cloud-veiled sun. cloud-woven adj. cloud-wrapt adj. ΚΠ a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia in Poems (1878) III. To Rdr. 129 The Barren Cloud-wrapt Hill. e. cloud-like adj. and adv. ΚΠ a1649 W. Drummond Poems (1656) 144 The feather'd Sylvans; Cloud-like by her flie. 1870 D. Rock Textile Fabrics (S. Kensington Mus.) Introd. p. lxv India is..famous for its cloud-like transparent muslins. C2. Special combinations: cloud-ascending adj. ascending to the clouds, as high as the clouds. ΚΠ 1636 G. Sandys Paraphr. Psalmes David xcii. (T.) On Cloud-ascending Lebanon. cloud-assembler n. he who collects the clouds (translating Greek νεϕεληγερέτα, epithet of Zeus in Homer). ΚΠ 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. i. 636 To whom the cloud-assembler..spake. cloud-attack n. Military an attack preceded by the discharge of poison gas. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > [noun] > other types of attack gas attack1915 strafing1917 cloud-attack1918 pistolade2002 1918 W. Hutchinson Doctor in War (1919) xiv. 185 The cloud-attack method of using poison-gas. cloud-banner n. (see quot. 1906). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > [noun] > a cloud > cloud to leeward of mountain-top cloud-banner1906 banner cloud1909 1906 Monthly Weather Rev. (U.S.) 34 158/2 Cloud banners. The air..expands just enough to form a slight cloud or haze, which floats like a flag or banner to leeward of the mountain top. 1912 W. I. Milham Meteorol. i. v. 218 The air moving over the summit is cooled below the dew point, and a cloud banner streams out from the mountain top. cloud-belt n. a belt or zone of clouds; spec. = cloud-ring n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > region of the earth > zone or belt > [noun] > in relation to climate or weather conditions > specific temperate zone1556 horse latitudes1777 sunland1827 iceland1842 pole of cold1850 storm-area1853 cloud-belt1860 cloud-ring1860 snow-belt1874 taiga1888 storm-zone1889 storm-belt1891 cold pole1909 icebox1909 1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) xi. 19 Radiation from land and sea below the cloud-belt is thus interrupted. cloud-berg n. a large mass or ‘mountain’ of cloud (after ice-berg). ΚΠ 1879 J. R. Lowell Poet. Wks. 388 As the cloudbergs eastward blow. cloud-built adj. built of clouds; also figurative, built in the clouds. ΚΠ 1765 O. Goldsmith Ess. in R. G. Latham Dict. Eng. Lang. (1872) So vanished my cloudbuilt palace. cloud-burst n. [German Wolkenbruch] originally U.S. a violent storm of rain, a ‘waterspout’. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > [noun] > a or the fall of rain > downpour > sudden rashOE waterspout1586 downfall1603 plumpa1688 spate1727 cloud-burst1872 a1817 T. Dwight Trav. New-Eng. & N.-Y. (1822) III. 249 This deluge, which they call the bursting of a cloud, took place in Oct. 1784.] 1872 Amer. Naturalist 6 71 In the mountains there are ‘cloud bursts’, when the rains fall in a cataract, and filling the gulches sweep every thing before them. 1881 Chicago Times 11 June The village of Seven Star Springs..was nearly annihilated last night by a water-spout or a cloud-burst. 1888 Sc. Leader 21 July Twenty persons were killed by a terrible Cloud-burst in Virginia yesterday. 1891 G. F. X. Griffith tr. C. Fouard Christ I. vi. 308 Caught in one of these furious cloud-bursts, the little vessels were scattered far and wide. 1899 Westm. Gaz. 27 Mar. 5/2 A cloud-burst broke over Sidi-Naour, in Tunis, yesterday. 1904 Scott. Hist. Rev. Oct. 89 The cloudburst and flood of a dozen years ago. 1911 J. Muir My First Summer in Sierra 63 Heavy thunder-showers, called ‘cloud-bursts’. cloud-castle n. a ‘castle in the air’ (see castle n. 11). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > mental image, idea, or fancy > daydream or reverie > [noun] castle in Spainc1400 reverie1477 brown studyc1555 castle in the skies1576 castle in the air1579 comedown1583 memento1587 towers in the air1599 daydream1651 dream1732 air castle1786 châteaux in air1793 chateau(x) en Espagne1834 cloud-castle1887 pipe dream1890 fantasy1926 1887 J. R. Lowell Democracy & Other Addr. 95 Many..minds found his cloud castles solid habitations. cloud chamber n. an apparatus, invented by C. T. R. Wilson, used for experiments involving water vapour, esp. one containing air or other gas super-saturated with water vapour, through which charged particles are passed and become identifiable after condensation of the vapour; cf. Wilson n.² ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > chambers for specific reactions poison tower1839 pressure chamber1857 Glover (also Glover's) tower1871 cloud chamber1897 bubble chamber1902 proportional counter1932 the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > apparatus for detecting charged particles > [noun] cloud chamber1897 Wilson1917 1897 C. T. R. Wilson in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 189 269 Watching the behaviour of the air in the cloud chamber. 1911 C. T. R. Wilson in Proc. Royal Soc. A. 85 285 The clouds are viewed through the roof of the cloud-chamber, which is of glass, coated below with a uniform layer of clear gelatine. 1934 Nature 28 Apr. 640/2 The instruments with which the [cosmic] rays have been investigated have been the ionisation chamber, the counter and the cloud chamber. 1941 Electronic Engin. 14 539 The values found in cloud chamber experiments. 1965 New Scientist 29 Apr. 306/1 The cloud chamber reveals charged particles by the preferential deposition along their trajectories of droplets condensed from a saturated vapour or vapour gas mixture. † cloud-checking adj. Obsolete stopping the course of the clouds. ΚΠ 1618 S. Rowlands Sacred Memorie 15 A most hie cloud-checking hill. cloud-compeller n. he who collects (Latin compellere) or drives the clouds, translating νεϕεληγερέτα = cloud-assembler n.; also humorously, a smoker. ΚΠ 1718 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad IV. xvi. 557 The Cloud-compeller overcome, Assents to Fate. 1865 Times 23 Aug. What avails it..if everywhere..the cloud-compellers have you at their mercy? cloud-compelling adj. (also in general sense ‘that collects clouds’). ΚΠ 1645 E. Waller Wks. 6 Bacchus the seed of cloud compelling Iove. 1744 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons (new ed.) 165 Abyssinia's Cloud-compelling Cliffs. cloud-drift n. a body of clouds drifting or floating through the air. cloud-field n. an expanse of clouds. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > [noun] > a cloud > (mass of) clouds rackc1400 cloud-field1841 1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes i. 10 More like a cloudfield, than a distant continent of firm-land and facts! cloud forest n. a forest almost constantly under clouds. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > wood or assemblage of trees or shrubs > [noun] > characteristic of particular habitat or period maquis1829 motte1844 amber forest1846 caatinga1846 native bush1853 chena1877 monsoon forest1903 rainforest1903 tropical rainforest1903 padang1909 cloud forest1922 macchia1924 the world > the earth > land > landscape > fertile land or place > land with vegetation > [noun] > wooded land > types of ripplelOE wildwooda1122 rough1332 firth?a1400 tod stripec1446 osiard1509 bush1523 bush-ground1523 fritha1552 island1638 oak landc1658 pinelandc1658 piney wood1666 broom-land1707 pine barrenc1721 pine savannah1735 savannah1735 thick woods1754 scrub-land1779 olive wood1783 primeval forest1789 open wood1790 strong woods1792 scrub1805 oak flata1816 sertão1816 sprout-land1824 flatwoods1841 bush-land1842 tall timber1845 amber forest1846 caatinga1846 mahogany scrub1846 bush-flat1847 myall country1847 national forest1848 selva1849 monte1851 virgin forest1851 bush-country1855 savannah forest1874 bush-range1879 bushveld1879 protection forest1889 mulga1896 wood-bush1896 shinnery1901 fringing forest1903 monsoon forest1903 rainforest1903 savannah woodland1903 thorn forest1903 tropical rainforest1903 gallery forest1920 cloud forest1922 rain jungle1945 mato1968 1922 A. G. Ruthven Amphibians & Reptiles Sierra Nev. Col. 42 Tropical rain forest, becoming gradually wetter... Cloud forest, in general like the rain forest, but cooler and more humid. cloud-headed adj. having a ‘cloudy’ head or confused ideas, muddle-headed. cloud-kissing adj. so high as to touch the clouds. ΚΠ 1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates 650 (T.) A steep cloud-kissing rocke. 1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. K1^v Threatning cloud-kissing Illion with annoy. View more context for this quotation † cloud-light n. Obsolete clouded light, dim light (also figurative). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > insecure knowledge, uncertainty > [noun] > unclear condition obscurity1474 mist1532 cloud-lighta1536 indeterminateness1644 undistinction1647 indeterminacy1649 indistinction1651 undeterminateness1653 inestimability1678 undefinableness?1705 confusion1729 obnubilation1753 cloudiness1779 indistinctness1783 haze1790 haziness1796 vagueness1799 nebulosity1809 undefinednessa1832 undecidedness1897 indeterminism1928 fuzziness1973 smog1976 a1536 W. Tyndale Wks. 12 (R.) That God would..deliuer them from their shadowes and cloudelight. † cloud-monger n. Obsolete (see quot.). ΚΠ 1830 W. Scott Lett. Demonol. & Witchcraft x. 401 A cloud-monger, a diviner by looking up to the clouds. cloud negative n. a negative produced in photographing clouds or the sky. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > a photograph > [noun] > showing reversed light and shade negative1841 neg1874 cloud negative1892 photonegative1941 reduction negative1945 1892 Photogr. Ann. II. 60 In the cloud negative the lighting must be in the opposite direction to what it is in the view. cloud point n. Chemistry the temperature at which an oil or other liquid begins to cloud on cooling. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > liquid phase > [noun] > temperature points titre1886 cloud point1934 1934 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Cloud point. 1965 Electronics Weekly 18 Aug. 4/6 The precipitation temperature, or cloud point, of gas oils. cloud-rack n. a collection of broken clouds drifting across the sky. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > [noun] > a cloud > (mass of) clouds > driven by wind rackc1400 ratch1558 scud1670 cloud-rack1847 1847 R. W. Emerson Poems 74 From the fixed cone the cloud-rack flowed Like ample banner flung abroad. 1855 H. W. Longfellow Hiawatha xxi. 283 Sweeping westward..Like the cloud-rack of a tempest. cloud-ring n. spec. the cloudy zone of calms and variable winds at some distance on each side of the equator. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > region of the earth > zone or belt > [noun] > in relation to climate or weather conditions > specific temperate zone1556 horse latitudes1777 sunland1827 iceland1842 pole of cold1850 storm-area1853 cloud-belt1860 cloud-ring1860 snow-belt1874 taiga1888 storm-zone1889 storm-belt1891 cold pole1909 icebox1909 1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) xi. 284 He has entered the doldrums, and is under the ‘cloud-ring’. 1862 Ld. Ashburton in Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 32 p. cxxvii Hurricanes..originate in or near those hot and densely-clouded spaces, sometimes spoken of as the ‘cloud-ring’. cloud seeder n. a person who seeds clouds (seed v. 10c); an aircraft or apparatus used in cloud seeding. ΚΠ 1948 Flying Mag. Nov. 42 (caption) Supercharged AT-6 was modified by Vest Aircraft Co., Denver, for use as cloud seeder. 1953 Jrnl. Amer. Water Works Assoc. 45 1144/1 The skilled commercial cloud seeder is qualified by training and experience to undertake the large-scale operations that make cloud seeding economically worthwhile. 1958 Ann. Reg. 1957 485 Experiments with an electrostatic cloud seeder consisting of an aircraft trailing two 300 ft. cables carrying a 50,000 volt charge of electricity. 1981 Economist 20 June 55/1 Utilities that hire cloud-seeders, hoping to increase water-flow into their reservoirs, may cause the heavens to fall on the tourist industry. cloud-seeding n. (see seeding n.). ΚΠ 1950 N.Y. Times 8 July (C-ed.) 15/7 Los Angeles, July 7 —— A cloud-seeding pilot was credited today with helping put out a 12,000-acre forest fire. 1955 Ann. Reg. 1954 400 Many cities..had come to rely on cloud-seeding to augment municipal water supplies. 1965 Economist 2 Oct. 43/2 This winter cloud-seeding to disperse fog will be carried out at more [U.S.] airports. cloud street n. (see quot. 1954). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > [noun] > a cloud > cumulus > specific types woolpack cloud1648 trade-wind cloud1902 cloud street1954 the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > fluid dynamics > [noun] > vortex > arrangement or region of vortices vortex sheet1879 street1926 Kármán street of vortices1928 cloud street1954 1954 Jrnl. Brit. Interplan. Soc. 13 272 The most prominent clouds are thousands of bright cumuli—arrayed in roughly parallel bands, called ‘cloud streets’, which usually indicate direction of the wind. cloud track n. the path of charged particles revealed in a cloud chamber. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > apparatus for detecting charged particles > [noun] > path revealed by cloud trail1912 cloud track1923 1923 C. T. R. Wilson in Proc. Royal Soc. A. 104 197 The cloud track..has been formed by the passage of a β-particle. 1938 R. W. Lawson tr. G. von Hevesy & F. A. Paneth Man. Radioactivity (ed. 2) v. 61 The tertiary electrons can be distinguished from the secondary electrons by the aid of the cloud-track method. 1938 R. W. Lawson tr. G. von Hevesy & F. A. Paneth Man. Radioactivity (ed. 2) xxv. 280 Cloud tracks which could be ascribed to the cosmic radiation were to be found naturally on only a small fraction of the Wilson photographs. cloud trail n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > apparatus for detecting charged particles > [noun] > path revealed by cloud trail1912 cloud track1923 1912 C. T. R. Wilson in Proc. Royal Soc. A. 87 289 Cloud trails sufficiently sharply in focus..to..allow of the ions on which they have condensed being counted. cloudward adv. towards the clouds. ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in upward direction > to the sky or air upc888 aloftc1175 to skyward1582 skyward1655 skywards1755 cloudward1817 starward1818 airward1820 zenithward1835 airwards1852 cloudwards1856 skywardly1893 1817 S. T. Coleridge Blessed are ye that Sow Introd. p. viii Selfish schemes of climbing cloudward. 1859 I. Taylor Logic in Theol. 273 As the eagle soars cloudward. cloudwards adv. ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in upward direction > to the sky or air upc888 aloftc1175 to skyward1582 skyward1655 skywards1755 cloudward1817 starward1818 airward1820 zenithward1835 airwards1852 cloudwards1856 skywardly1893 1856 T. De Quincey Confessions Eng. Opium-eater (rev. ed.) in Select. Grave & Gay V. 284 This mutilation for ever prevented it from aspiring cloudwards. cloud-world n. a region of fancy or mystical speculation (cf. 9b, cloudland n.). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > mental image, idea, or fancy > realm of imagination > [noun] > imaginary place fairyc1330 rumbelow?1515 Hogs Norton?1565 fairyland1600 wonderland1790 other world1804 dreamland1832 Fourth World1833 cloudland1846 Loamshire1859 looking-glass land1871 looking-glass world1871 under-land1874 cloud-world1884 Speewah1890 Ruritania1894 cloud-cuckoo-land1899 cuckoo-land1916 fantasy world1920 Squaresville1956 la-la land1979 1884 F. Harrison in 19th Cent. Mar. 504 The cloud-world of the transcendental. Draft additions June 2012 a. Telecommunications. A network operated by a telecommunications service provider, used in routing data between different local networks.The image of a cloud is often used to represent such networks in diagrams. ΚΠ 1989 Network World 19 June 47/1 It [is] especially capable of virtual net management, in which—to use the lightning bolt analogy—some user-transparent routing and transport is taking place through the public network cloud. 1991 Network World 23 Dec. 6/4 With dedicated leased lines, we had control of the route used to carry traffic between any two points... With SMDS, the RBHC tells customers not to worry about what's going on in the cloud. 1993 Byte Dec. 71/3 A fat T1 pipe from Bethesda into the frame-relay ‘cloud’ will enable headquarters to consolidate operations data from all these sites. 2004 E. C. Coll Telecom 101 (ed. 2) i. 12 When..troubleshooting circuits provided by network service providers, it is useful to know what is going on inside their network ‘cloud’. b. Computing. With the: networked computing facilities providing remote data storage and processing services (typically via the internet), considered collectively. Also as count noun: a particular facility of this type. Cf. cloud computing n. at Additions a. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > network > [noun] backbone1924 computer network1950 network1962 mesh1977 cloud1997 1997 InfoWorld 10 Nov. 60/1 I've never been a bigot for everything in the cloud and I'm certainly not for putting everything on the desktop. 1999 B. Gates in Computerworld 4 Jan. 28/4 The machine will be replicating information, and when you update it, the information will go up into a cloud and come down on other machines. Logically, the information will be in the cloud, but data will come to your machine, and the actual applications will be there. 2009 Wall St. Jrnl. 12 Oct. r2/2 Corporate computer and software suppliers..have touted internal clouds—also known as private clouds—based in a company's own data center. 2011 S. Jobs in N.Y. Times (National ed.) 7 June b1/5 We are going to demote the PC to just be a device. We are going to move the digital hub, the center of your digital life, into the cloud. Draft additions June 2012 Computing. a. cloud computing n. the use of networked facilities for the storage and processing of data rather than a user's local computer, access to data or services typically being via the internet; cf. grid computing n. at grid n. Additions. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > [noun] > use of computers computing1946 computerization1958 informatization1984 affective computing1995 cloud computing1996 1996 Internal Document (Compaq Computer Corp.) 29 Oct. in Technol. Rev. (2011) 31 Oct. Cloud Computing: The Cloud has no Borders. 2001 N.Y. Times 9 Apr. c6/2 Mr [David] Winer began discussing cloud-computing ideas with several Microsoft developers in 1998. 2008 Guardian 25 Sept. (Technology section) 6/3 For some people, cloud computing simply means that their stuff is out there on the internet instead of being on a laptop or office server. 2011 Independent 10 Jan. (Viewspaper section) 12/1 Only 42 per cent of company directors and senior managers across Britain can claim a grasp of what cloud computing is. b. attributive, with the sense ‘relating to or involving cloud computing’, as cloud provider, cloud service, cloud storage, etc. ΚΠ 2001 B. Gates in InfoWorld 5 Nov. 86/1 We've got to get some very rich cloud Internet services. 2006 Wired Oct. 194/3 In this architecture, the data is mostly resident on servers ‘somewhere on the Internet’ and the application runs on both the ‘cloud servers’ and the user's browser. 2008 Computer Weekly 2 Dec. 3/2 Can you honestly trust a cloud provider to keep your data safe? 2009 Guardian 7 Oct. (Data Managem. Suppl.) 4/1 Cloud storage is shaping up as the future architecture for storage deployment. 2012 V. Mirchandani New Technol. Elite xx. 318 Amazon engaged in another session of analyst soul-searching after a significant outage in its cloud services in April of 2011. Draft additions July 2011 cloud ear n. (more fully cloud ear fungus, cloud ear mushroom) an edible fungus, Auricularia polytricha, which grows in groups of brownish-grey fruiting bodies on dead wood and is used in East Asian cookery; also called black fungus, wood ear. ΚΠ 1954 H. T. Huang in J. Needham Sci. & Civilisation in China VI. v. 145 The Kuang Chün Phu..describes twenty fungi, including several that would be familiar to a modern Chinese kitchen. For example, we see seven variants of mu erh..(wood-ear or cloud-ear), Auricularia auricula. 1979 Gourmet Dec. 136/3 The cloud ear fungus is a Chinese delicacy that, like shark's fin and wood ears, is valued for its texture rather than its flavor. 1991 Martha Stewart Living Sept. 74 Asian dishes often employ the fleshy Elephant Ear, also known as the tree ear or cloud ear. 2009 J. Ford Hotel Corner Bitter & Sweet 16 He ate his breakfast, a small pyramid of sticky rice, flavored with pork, and cloud ear mushrooms. Draft additions December 2018 cloud inversion n. a layer of low-level cloud or thick fog in a valley, with clear sky above it, caused by a temperature inversion in which dry warm air at higher altitudes traps colder moist air below it; the occurrence of this phenomenon. ΚΠ 1945 Report 600-279 (U.S. Army Air Forces, Weather Div.) 7 The convective lifting of the cloud inversion will be accompanied in more than half of the cases by haze aloft. 1994 Alpine Jrnl. 99 11 In the event it turned out to be a cool and moist anticyclone with a cloud inversion at 4200m. 2014 Telegraph (Nexis) 12 Dec. A rare weather phenomenon known as a ‘total cloud inversion’ had visitors at the Grand Canyon looking out on a sea of thick clouds. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2021). cloudv. Brit. /klaʊd/, U.S. /klaʊd/ Forms: Also 1500s clowd. Etymology: < cloud n. I. transitive. 1. To cover or darken with clouds; hence figurative, to overshadow, throw into the shade. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > cloud or overcast [verb (transitive)] overcastc1300 stroublec1480 cloud1582 the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > make dark [verb (transitive)] > darken (as) by clouds overcastc1300 cloud1582 obnubilate1583 overclouda1586 encloud1602 becloud1606 obumbilatea1711 overswarth1822 the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (transitive)] > put in the shade or put to shame shamec1400 to put down1494 extinguish1551 stain1557 overshadow1581 cloud1582 defacea1592 shend1596 to lay up1601 to shine down1623 dazzle1643 umbrage1647 foila1687 efface1717 eclipse1718 shade?1748 put into the shade1796 to take the shine out of (less frequently from, U.S. off)1819 to put to shame1854 to leave (a person) standing1864 to lay over1869 blanket1884 upstage1921 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 29 Night..With shaddow clowding earth. 1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. H1 The Moone being clouded, presently is mist. View more context for this quotation 1695 R. Blackmore Prince Arthur iv. 96 Light Vapours..cloud the smiling Skies. 1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey III. xi. 20 Endless night..Clouds the dull air. 1822 Ld. Byron Werner i. i. 716 The ne'er unfelt sun (But rarely clouded). figurative.1656 R. Baxter Reformed Pastor 166 Now they cloud the most of their seniors.a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 168 He really clouded the King, and pass'd for the superior genius.1799 S. Turner Hist. Anglo-Saxons I. ii. v. 235 The commander, whose merit..clouds every other. 2. transferred and figurative. To render obscure; to dim, obscure, darken. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > insecure knowledge, uncertainty > render obscure [verb (transitive)] cloud1548 denigrate1583 befog1601 brangle1608 diffuse1608 bedim1816 obfusticate1834 fuzz1907 1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. xxxij^v Clouded and shadowed by blynde and insaciable ambicion. 1594 Willobie his Auisa xlv. f. 43 Cloud the sence from sharpe conceits. 1720 J. Ozell et al. tr. R. A. de Vertot Hist. Revol. Rom. Republic I. iv. 198 Only to cloud the Truth of Things. 1856 P. E. Dove Logic Christian Faith v. i. 262 Our moral judgement may..be clouded. 1866 A. Trollope Belton Estate II. vii. 185 The tears which clouded her eyes. †3. To hide, conceal, ‘veil’. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > hide, conceal [verb (transitive)] heeleOE forhelec888 i-hedec888 dernc893 hidec897 wryOE behelec1000 behidec1000 bewryc1000 forhidec1000 overheleOE hilla1250 fealc1325 cover1340 forcover1382 blinda1400 hulsterc1400 overclosec1400 concealc1425 shroud1426 blend1430 close1430 shadow1436 obumber?1440 mufflea1450 alaynec1450 mew?c1450 purloin1461 to keep close?1471 oversilec1478 bewrap1481 supprime1490 occulta1500 silec1500 smoor1513 shadec1530 skleir1532 oppressa1538 hudder-mudder1544 pretex1548 lap?c1550 absconce1570 to steek away1575 couch1577 recondite1578 huddle1581 mew1581 enshrine1582 enshroud1582 mask1582 veil1582 abscondc1586 smotherc1592 blot1593 sheathe1594 immask1595 secret1595 bemist1598 palliate1598 hoodwinka1600 overmaska1600 hugger1600 obscure1600 upwrap1600 undisclose1601 disguise1605 screen1611 underfold1612 huke1613 eclipsea1616 encavea1616 ensconcea1616 obscurify1622 cloud1623 inmewa1625 beclouda1631 pretext1634 covert1647 sconce1652 tapisa1660 shun1661 sneak1701 overlay1719 secrete1741 blank1764 submerge1796 slur1813 wrap1817 buttress1820 stifle1820 disidentify1845 to stick away1900 1623 J. Webster Deuils Law-case iii. i The cause why you live thus clouded. 1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre iv. vii. 180 Clouding himself in privatenesse. 1669 Ld. Orrery Parthenissa VI. iii. vi. 155 I was necessitated..to cloud my passion. a1711 T. Ken Hymnotheo in Wks. (1721) III. 292 Which he in Fable clouded. 4. To overspread with gloom, cast a shadow over, deprive of brightness; to darken with trouble. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > make dejected [verb (transitive)] > overspread with gloom overcastc1300 alangec1330 darkena1382 overcloudc1550 overshadow?1602 clouda1616 benighta1631 un-sunshine1659 gloom1745 sombre1787 a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) iv. i. 73 Your dislikes..Doth cloud my ioyes with danger, and with sorrow. View more context for this quotation 1646 P. Bulkley Gospel-covenant ii. 161 They cloud over the glory of God's grace. 1752 S. Johnson Rambler No. 204. ⁋2 Why should thy face be clouded with anxiety? 1864 C. Knight Passages Working Life II. viii. 168 Riot and outrage..clouded the hopes of all honest men. 1883 F. M. Crawford Dr. Claudius xiii. 233 Anything in the world to cloud his happiness. 5. To cast a slur upon, defame, asperse, sully. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > sullying or staining of reputation > stain or sully [verb (transitive)] filea1325 foulc1330 tache1390 dark?c1400 distain1406 smita1413 blemish1414 black?c1425 defoul1470 maculate?a1475 macule1484 tan1530 staina1535 spota1542 smear1549 blot1566 besmear1579 defile1581 attaint1590 soila1596 slubber1599 tack1601 woad1603 besmirch1604 blur1604 to breathe upon ——1608 be-smut1610 clouda1616 sullya1616 taint1623 smutch1640 blackena1649 to cast, put, throw (etc.) a slur on or upon (a person or thing)1654 beslur1675 tarnish1695 blackwash1762 carbonify1792 smirch1820 tattoo1884 dirten1987 a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) i. ii. 282 To heare My Soueraigne Mistresse clouded so. View more context for this quotation 1652 J. Wadsworth tr. P. de Sandoval Civil Wars Spain 279 Hee had clouded his reputation by not succoring Tordesillas. 1746 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1851) V. 51 Your Annals would not have been clouded by a black and most unnatural Rebellion. 6. To diversify with patches of colouring of undefined outline. (Cf. cloud n. 6b, clouded adj. 2.) ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > variegation > patch of colour > mark with patches [verb (transitive)] > mark with cloudy patches cloud1710 1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 103. ⁋9 I bid him produce his Cane in Court..and..finding it to be very curiously clouded, etc. 1779 T. Forrest Voy. New Guinea 72 To cloud the Indostan calicoes with many colours. 1816 S. W. Singer Researches Hist. Playing Cards 50 The backs are gilt or rather clouded with gold. II. intransitive. 7. To become ‘cloudy’ or dim; to become overcast with clouds. Const. over, up. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > become cloudy or overcast [verb (intransitive)] domle1340 trouble1390 drovea1400 overcastc1475 cloud1555 the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > dimness or absence of brightness > grow dim or lose brightness [verb (intransitive)] dima1300 fade13.. appal1393 duskc1430 pallc1450 cloud1555 pale1822 wane1832 film1844 dull1862 gauze1876 1555 J. Heywood Two Hundred Epigrammes with Thyrde sig. A.vi^v As wether cleerth, or cloudth, so must men take. 1758 in Essex Inst. Hist. Coll. (1881) XVIII. 101 At Night [it] Clouded up. 1758 in Essex Inst. Hist. Coll. (1881) XVIII. 187 A very pleasant morn but Clouds over after noon. 1807 P. Gass Jrnls. 171 In the evening it clouded over and rained again. 1834 D. Crockett Narr. Life iv. 28 While I was out it clouded up, and I began to get scared. 1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxxii. 121 In half an hour it clouded up. 1886 H. B. Wheatley in Antiquary Feb. 60/1 Crystal clouded if evil was about to happen to the wearer. a1891 Mod. The day is clouding over. 1936 J. Tickell See how they Run ii. 14 The wind-screen clouded over. 8. figurative. To become gloomy; to darken. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > become dark [verb (intransitive)] a-thesterc885 thestera900 swerkOE darken?a1300 dima1300 therkc1300 murkc1330 darka1393 mirkena1400 formirkenc1430 obscure?a1513 cloud1598 darkle1823 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 714 Worthies away, the Scæne begins to cloude . View more context for this quotation 1648 J. Cranford in N. Ward To Parl. at Westm. 30 Calamities, that are now..clouding round about us. 1858 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) III. xiii. 186 When hopes of peace with England had finally clouded. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c893v.1548
随便看	give odds give of give of one's best give of oneself give off give offal to a bear give offence to give on give one give one a back-cap give one a backcap give one a chill give one a for instance give one a gleek give one a slampant give one an inkling give one an inkling of something give one as good as he brings or one gets give one fifteen, etc, and a bisque give one furiously to think give one his kale through the reek give one his licks give one his own or his due give one one's revenge give one revenge

cloudn.

Compounds

Draft additions June 2012

Draft additions June 2012

Draft additions July 2011

Draft additions December 2018

cloudv.